Perpetual motion machines https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=A-QgGXbDyR0

Three out of the four people below seriously pursued (at least for a time) the search for a
working perpetual motion machine. Who's the odd man out?
A Bhaskara the Learned

B Rube Goldberg

C Robert Boyle

D Leonardo da Vinci

Which of the following correctly describes a perpetual motion machine?

A A machine with infinite sources of energy

B A machine that re-uses all the energy it expends

C A machine with no zero velocity points

D A machine that can do work with no power source

Why will Bhaskara's wheel stop spinning?

A It has a flawed axle design.

B It needs to be placed in a vacuum.

C The center of mass is lower than the axis.

D Mercury is too dense.

Why won't the capillary bowl work?

A The capillary force is too weak.

B It requires extra energy to free the droplet.

C It doesn't work with modern-day tubes.

D It could only work in zero-gravity conditions.

Why does the second law of thermodynamics make perpetual motion machines
impossible (to date)?
A Energy is always conserved.

B Energy will always leech out of a system as heat.

C There is no negative work.

D Systems try to achieve equilibrium.

1. Perpetual Motion Machine: A hypothetical device that can operate
indefinitely without an external energy source. It is designed to continuously
generate more energy than it consumes, violating the laws of
thermodynamics.
2. Laws of Thermodynamics: The fundamental principles in thermodynamics
that govern energy and its transformations. The most relevant laws with
respect to perpetual motion machines are:
 First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Energy Conservation): It
states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated
system; it can only change forms.
 Second Law of Thermodynamics: It states that heat naturally flows
from a hot body to a cold body, and it is impossible to build a
machine that operates in a continuous cycle while transferring all heat
from a hot reservoir to a cold one without external energy input. This
law is the main obstacle to perpetual motion machines.
3. Overunity Device: Another term used for perpetual motion machines or
devices that claim to produce more energy than they consume.
4. Free Energy: A term often used in conjunction with perpetual motion
machines, implying the ability to extract unlimited energy from such a
machine without any input energy or fuel.
5. Entropy: A thermodynamic property that measures the disorder or
randomness of a system. The second law of thermodynamics is often
expressed in terms of entropy, stating that the entropy of an isolated
system will always increase over time.
6. Violation of the Second Law: The concept that perpetual motion machines
would violate the second law of thermodynamics by creating a cycle that
operates indefinitely and converts heat into work with 100% efficiency.
7. Conservation of Energy: The fundamental principle that energy is
conserved within a closed system, meaning that the total energy in the
system remains constant over time.
8. Zero-Point Energy: A concept in quantum mechanics that suggests there is
a minimum amount of energy that exists even in a perfect vacuum at
absolute zero temperature. Some have explored the idea of tapping into
this energy as a potential source of perpetual motion, though it remains
theoretical.
 It's important to note that perpetual motion machines are widely
considered impossible to create due to the laws of thermodynamics. Many
inventors and scientists have tried to design such machines over the years,
but none have succeeded in producing a working, self-sustaining perpetual
motion device.

questions
1. What is a perpetual motion machine?
a) A machine that operates for a long time without maintenance. b) A machine that
can generate unlimited energy without an external source. c) A machine that
continuously changes its motion.
2. Which law of thermodynamics is the main obstacle to the creation of perpetual
motion machines?
a) The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. b) The First Law of Thermodynamics. c) The
Second Law of Thermodynamics.
3. What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?
a) Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b) Heat flows from a cold body to a hot
body. c) It's impossible to build a machine that operates in a continuous cycle while
transferring all heat from a hot reservoir to a cold one without external energy input.
4. What is entropy in thermodynamics?
a) The measure of disorder or randomness in a system. b) The total energy within a
closed system. c) The measure of energy loss in a machine.
5. What is an overunity device?
a) A machine that operates at high efficiency.
b) A device that generates energy from a single source. c) A device that claims to
produce more energy than it consumes.
6. Which fundamental principle states that energy is conserved within a closed system?
a) The First Law of Thermodynamics. b) The Second Law of Thermodynamics. c) The
Third Law of Thermodynamics.
7. What is the concept of "zero-point energy" in the context of perpetual motion
machines?
a) The lowest temperature at which a machine can operate. b) The idea that there is a
minimum amount of energy in a perfect vacuum. c) The point where a machine
reaches maximum efficiency.

answers
 Three out of the four people below seriously pursued (at least for a time) the search for a
working perpetual motion machine. Who's the odd man out?

A Bhaskara the Learned

B Rube Goldberg

C Robert Boyle

D Leonardo da Vinci

Which of the following correctly describes a perpetual motion machine?

A A machine with infinite sources of energy

B A machine that re-uses all the energy it expends

C A machine with no zero velocity points

D A machine that can do work with no power source

Why will Bhaskara's wheel stop spinning?

A It has a flawed axle design.

B It needs to be placed in a vacuum.

C The center of mass is lower than the axis.

D Mercury is too dense.

Why won't the capillary bowl work?

A The capillary force is too weak.

B It requires extra energy to free the droplet.

C It doesn't work with modern-day tubes.

D It could only work in zero-gravity conditions.

Why does the second law of thermodynamics make perpetual motion machines
impossible (to date)?
A Energy is always conserved.

B Energy will always leech out of a system as heat.

C There is no negative work.

D Systems try to achieve equilibrium.

answers
1. b) A machine that can generate unlimited energy without an external source.
2. c) The Second Law of Thermodynamics.
3. c) It's impossible to build a machine that operates in a continuous cycle while
transferring all heat from a hot reservoir to a cold one without external energy input.
4. a) The measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
5. c) A device that claims to produce more energy than it consumes.
6. a) The First Law of Thermodynamics.
7. b) The idea that there is a minimum amount of energy in a perfect vacuum.