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The effectiveness of producing electrical energy using magnets and
coil as perceived by grade 12 stem students of STI College Global
City as an alternative source of energy.

A thesis presented to the

Faculty and Staff of
STI Global City

In partial fulfillment of the Requirements in Practical Research 2 of

STEM 304
By

Rennie Frias
Maybelle Lopez
Mathew Lopez
Mathew Martinez
Mc. Darrel Paredes
Hannagen Sabangan
Cymer Aron Verzosa
Lianne Advincula
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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Background of the Study

The idea of perpetual motion machine appears for the first time in the east

and to be exact in the 12th century A.D in India. In ancient Greece and in Rome,

but also during the later Antiquity it hasn’t been reported a perpetual motion

machine not even as a theoretical version. In the bibliography of middle Ages and

renaissance the perpetual motion machines are referred as: Perpetuum mobile

naturae and perpetuum mobile physicae. Perpetual Motion Machine, There is a

scientific consensus that perpetual motion in an isolated system violates either the

first law of thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics, or both. The first

law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy. The

second law can be phrased in several different ways, the most intuitive of which is

that heat flows spontaneously from hotter to colder places; relevant here is that

the law observes that in every macroscopic process, there is friction or something

close to it; another statement is that no heat engine (an engine which produces
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work while moving heat from a high temperature to a low temperature) can be

more efficient than a Carnot heat engine operating between the same two

temperatures. A perpetual motion machine of the first kind produces work without

the input of energy. It thus violates the first law of thermodynamics: the law of

conservation of energy.

A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is a machine which

spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal

energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of

conservation of energy. However, it does violate the more subtle second law of

thermodynamics (see also entropy). The signature of a perpetual motion machine

of the second kind is that there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being

spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir.

This conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is impossible,

according to the second law of thermodynamics.

A perpetual motion machine of the third kind is usually (but not always)

[self-published source] defined as one that completely eliminates friction and other

dissipative forces, to maintain motion forever (due to its mass inertia). (Third in

this case refers solely to the position in the above classification scheme, not the

third law of thermodynamics.) It is impossible to make such a machine, as

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dissipation can never be completely eliminated in a mechanical system, no matter

how close a system gets to this ideal (see examples in the Low Friction section).

Some common ideas recur repeatedly in perpetual motion machine designs.

Many ideas that continue to appear today were stated as early as 1670 by John

Wilkins, Bishop of Chester and an official of the Royal Society. He outlined three

potential sources of power for a perpetual motion machine, "Chymical [sic]

Extractions", "Magnetically Virtues" and "the Natural Affection of Gravity".

The seemingly mysterious ability of magnets to influence motion at a

distance without any apparent energy source has long appealed to inventors. One

of the earliest examples of a magnetic motor was proposed by Wilkins and has

been widely copied since: it consists of a ramp with a magnet at the top, which

pulled a metal ball up the ramp. Near the magnet was a small hole that was

supposed to allow the ball to drop under the ramp and return to the bottom, where

a flap allowed it to return to the top again. The device simply could not work.

Faced with this problem, more modern versions typically use a series of ramps

and magnets, positioned so the ball is to be handed off from one magnet to

another as it moves. The problem remains the same.

Perpetuum Mobile of Villard de Honnecourt (about 1230).

Gravity also acts at a distance, without an apparent energy source, but to get

energy out of a gravitational field (for instance, by dropping a heavy object,

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producing kinetic energy as it falls) one has to put energy in (for instance, by lifting

the object up), and some energy is always dissipated in the process. A typical

application of gravity in a perpetual motion machine is Bhaskara's wheel in the

12th century, whose key idea is itself a recurring theme, often called the

overbalanced wheel: moving weights are attached to a wheel in such a way that

they fall to a position further from the wheel's center for one half of the wheel's

rotation, and closer to the center for the other half. Since weights further from the

center apply a greater torque, it was thought that the wheel would rotate forever.

However, since the side with weights further from the center has fewer weights

than the other side, at that moment, the torque is balanced and perpetual

movement is not achieved.[24] The moving weights may be hammers on pivoted

arms, or rolling balls, or mercury in tubes; the principle is the same.

Perpetual motion wheels from a drawing of Leonardo da Vinci.

Another theoretical machine involves a frictionless environment for motion.

This involves the use of diamagnetic or electromagnetic levitation to float an

object. This is done in a vacuum to eliminate air friction and friction from an axle.

The levitated object is then free to rotate around its center of gravity without

interference. However, this machine has no practical purpose because the rotated

object cannot do any work as work requires the levitated object to cause motion in

other objects, bringing friction into the problem. Furthermore, a perfect vacuum is
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an unattainable goal since both the container and the object itself would slowly

vaporize, thereby degrading the vacuum.

Statement of the Problem

The effectiveness of producing electrical energy using the perpetual motion

machine as perceived by Grade 11 stem students of Sti College Global City. The

results were made as an alternative source of energy.

This study aims to answer the following question:

1. What is the profile of the groups of respondents as to:

1.1. age;

1.2. gender;

1.3. section;

2. What are the effects of using perpetual motion machine as an alternative

source of energy?

3. How is the perpetual motion machine used to provide free renewable energy?

(Such as electrical energy)

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4. Is the perpetual motion machine effective as an alternative source of energy?

Hypothesis

1. According to the data collected, the hypothesis, it might be possible to create

energy seemingly out of nothing through the use of perpetual motion machine.

If one such machine existed, then you could create electricity for free by

connecting a generator to it.

2. If a perpetual motion machine runs for long enough, then it will create enough

renewable energy to light up a LED light, because once a perpetual motion

machine starts it doesn’t stop.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

Perpetual Motion Generator, a product so simple yet so helpful in reducing our

electricity bills. This product can create Energy, or so we called, Electrical

energy, for it uses a ‘DC motor’. We decided to Re-create this product and

improve it. This product (Perpetual Motion Generator) can give free electricity

to the people. Though it may seem that it is impossible, it creates free energy

that will last a very long time. The product has no energy source. Though this

product can violate 2 laws of thermodynamics. According to the 1st law of

thermodynamics (Conservation), it states that “energy cannot be created nor

destroyed in an isolated system”. The 2nd Law of thermodynamics states that

“the entropy of any isolated system always increases”. Products like this are
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impossible but we aim to test it out and succeed it. Imagine building a life size

Perpetual motion generator, it can replace the wind mills. It can power a whole

town when it is fast enough. The greater the speed, the greater the voltage.

The spin can be stop if another strong force try to stop it.

Significance of the Study

This study will benefit the following sectors:

Economy. This study aims to help our economy by producing renewable

energy resources such as electrical energy. The perpetual motion machine is the

least expensive energy source when compared to traditional electricity generation

methods.

Environment. By using a perpetual motion machine you’re helping the

environmental by conserving energy. The perpetual motion machine does not

have negative impact on environment (it does not contribute to the greenhouse

effect)

First Philec. This study will provide guidelines to the company on how they

can use perpetual motion machine as an alternative source of energy. This will

also help the people in either rural areas or in the cities that doesn’t have enough

access to electricity.
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Future Researchers. This study will provide baseline information that could

be beneficial in the future research for students who desire to conduct a study

of similar topic. The result may serve as a related study to connect the gap

that may left unresolved. While this particular study may have certain

inadequacies, at least, this may give insights and encouragement to undertake

a validation and follow up study.

The poor. The poor living in either rural areas or in urban areas that lacking

access to electricity and it is advisable to them to use the perpetual motion

machine because the perpetual motion machine is one of the affordable energy

source that they can use.

Definition of Terms

The following terminologies were conceptually and/or operationally defined for

better understanding of this research.

Entropy. A thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a

system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as

the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.

Electricity. A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged

particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of

charge or dynamically as a current.

Insulator. A substance or device which does not readily conduct electricity.

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Levitation. The action of rising or causing something to rise and hover in

the air, typically by means of supposed magical powers.

Perpetual Motion Machine. Is a hypothetical machine that can do work

indefinitely without an energy source.

Perpetuum Mobile. Another term for perpetual motion. A piece of fast-

moving instrumental music consisting mainly of notes of equal length.

Thermal energy. A is the internal energy of an object due to the kinetic

energy of its atoms and/or molecules.

Thermodynamics. The branch of physical science that deals with the

relations between heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical,

or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the relationships between all forms of

energy.

Torque. A twisting force that tends to cause rotation.

Turbines. Is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid

flow and converts it into useful work.