Name: Jairo Cabrera

Section: BSMT-1M

TRIM, STABILITY AND STRESS

Define the following Ship’s Dimension and Terminology:

Length Overall (LOA)

The greatest length of a vessel's hull measured parallel to the waterline is called length overall
(LOA, o/a, o.a., or oa). This measurement is critical for docking the ship. It's the most popular way of
expressing a ship's length, and it's also used to figure out how much a marina berth costs.

Forward Perpendicular (FP)

A vertical line going through the intersection of the planned load waterline and the forward face of the
ship's stem is known as the forward perpendicular (FPP).

Aft Perpendicular (AF)

The Aft Perpendicular is the perpendicular traced through the rudder stock (AP).

Length Between Perpendicular (LBP)

The length between perpendiculars is the longitudinal distance between the front and aft
perpendiculars.

Moulded Depth, Beam, and Draught

At the ship's side amidships, the moulded depth is measured from the base line to the heel of the upper
deck beam. The greatest beam taken over all extremities is known as the extreme beam. Extreme Draft
is measured from the keel's lowest point to the summer load line. Extreme drafts are represented by
draft markings.

Extreme Depth, Beam, and Draught

Extreme Beam: The maximum beam taken over all extremities. Extreme Draft: Taken from the lowest
point of keel to the summer load line. Draft marks represent extreme drafts. Extreme Depth: Depth of
vessel at ship's side from upper deck to lowest point of keel.

Air Draft
The distance between the top of a vessel's highest point and its waterline. A vessel's vertical clearance is
the amount of space above the air draft that permits it to pass safely beneath a bridge or other obstacle.

Freeboard

A vessel's freeboard is the distance between the waterline and the upper deck level, measured at the
lowest point of sheer where water can enter the boat or ship in sailing and boating.

Water Line (WL)

The waterline at which the ship will float when loaded to its designed draught.

Length on the Water Line (LWL)

The length on the waterline between the intersections of the bow and after end with the waterline at
where the ship happens to be floating

Base Line (BL)

A horizontal line drawn at the top of the keel plate is known as the base line. this line is used to measure
all vertical moulded measurements.