PTS December 9

Competency-Based Learning Material
Sector : AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY SECTOR
Qualification Title: ORGANIC AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION NC II
Unit of Competency: Produce Organic Vegetables
Module Title: Producing Organic Vegetables
Carmelite College of Siquijor, Inc.

Tinago, Siquijor, Siquijor
Plan Training Session
Date Developed: Document No.

October 2021 Issued by:
Date Revised:
Organic Agriculture Page 1 of vii
Production NC II Developed by:
Sr. Thelma Titus R.
Bulagao Revision # 01
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PRODUCE ORGANIC VEGETABLES
UNIT CODE : AGR611306
UNIR DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and

attitudes required to establish nursery, plant
seedlings, perform plant care activities and
perform harvest and post harvest activities.
SUGGESTED DURATION : 24 hours
QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module, the students/trainees will be able to:
LO1. Establish Nursery
LO2. Plant Seedlings
LO3. Perform Plant Care Activities and management
LO4. Perform Harvest and Post-Harvest Activities
Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

Trainers
Date Revised:
Methodology Level I Page 2 of 250
NTTA
Developed by:
Templates Sr. Thelma Titus
R. Bulagao Revision # 01
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
1. Establish 1.1 seeds are selected in accordance with PNS and
Nursery NSQCS/BPI
1.2 Seed beds are prepared in accordance with planting
requirements based on Vegetable Production Manual
(VPM)
1.3 Care and maintenance of seedlings are done in
accordance with enterprise practice
1.4 Potting media are prepared in accordance with
enterprise procedure
2. Plant 2.1 Land preparation is carried out in accordance with
Seedlings enterprise practice
2.2 Beneficial microorganisms are introduced prior to
planting in accordance with enterprise procedure
2.3 Seedlings are transplanted based on VPM
recommendations
2.4 Seedlings are watered based on VPM
recommendations
3. Perform 3.1 Water management is implemented according to plan
Plant Care and 3.2 Effective control measures are determined on specific
Management pest and diseases as described under the “pest, disease
and weed management” of the PNS
3.3 All missing hills are replanted to maintain the desired
plant population of the area
3.4 Plant rejuvenation/rationing are maintained
according to PNS
3.5 Organic fertilizers are applied in accordance with
fertilization policy of the PNS
4. Perform 4.1 Products are checked using maturity indices

Harvest and according to the PNS, PNS-organic agriculture enterprise
Post-harvest practice
activities 4.2 marketable products are harvested according to PNS,
PNS-organic agriculture and enterprise practice
4.3 harvested vegetables are classified according to PNS,
PNS-organic agriculture and enterprise practice
4.4 Appropriate harvesting tools and materials are used
according to PNS
4.5 Post-harvest practices are applied according to PNS
and GAP recommendations
4.6 Production record is accomplished according to
enterprise procedures

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE SCOPE
1. Care and maintenance 1.1 Handling
of seedlings 1.2 Watering
1.3 Organic Foliar Fertilizing
1.4 Pest Management
2. Land Preparation 2.1 Clearing

2.2 Plowing
2.3 Harrowing
2.4 Farrowing
3. Control Measures 3.1 Crop rotation
3.2 Application for beneficial micro
organisms
3.3 Inter-cropping
3.4 Planting botanical repellants
3.5 displaying organic attractants and
repellants
3.6 preserve existing predators
3.7 Mulching
4. Organic Fertilizers 4.1 Basal
4.2 Foliar
5. Post-harvest Practices 5.1 Post-harvest operation
5.2 Using of charts and manuals
5.3 Trimming, sorting, sizing and washing
5.4 Packaging, labelling and sorting
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the
Competency: candidate
1.1 Established nursery
1.2 Planted seedlings
1.3 Performed plant care activities
1.4 Performed harvest and post-harvest
activities
2. Required knowledge and 2.1 Knowledge, Theory, Practice and
attitude Systems Operation
2.1.1 Germination testing
2.1.2 Seedbed preparation procedure
2.1.3 Proper handling of seedlings and
plants

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
2.1.4 Proper water management and
procedures
3. Required knowledge and
skills
4. Methods of assessment
5. Resource Implications
LO1. ESTABLISH NURSERY
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Seeds are selected in accordance with the PNS, and NSQCS/BPI
2.Seedbed is prepared in accordance with planting requirements based on

Vegetable Production manual (VPM)
3.Care and maintenance of seedlings are carried out in accordance with

enterprise practice
4.Potting media are prepared in accordance with enterprise procedure.
CONTENTS:
• Germination testing
• Physical evaluation of seeds
• Seedbed preparation procedure
• Proper handling of seedlings
o Pricking
o Hardening
• Proper water management
• Organic method of pests and disease management
• Organic method of nutrient management
• Types of potting media
• Advantages/disadvantages of different potting media
• Mixture of potting media
• Potting media preparation and procedure
CONDITIONS:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
• Tools and materials
- bolo
- broomstick
- clean cloth
- sprinkler
- assorted vegetable seeds
- trowel
- seedling tray
- seed boxes
- organic fertilizers
- base materials for growing
Training Materials
- Vegetable Production Manual
- handouts/flyers
- video presentation
- PPEs
- seedling bags (recycled paper, banana leaves, etc.)
-shovel
-first aid kit
• Training equipment:
- LCD/computer
- printer
METHODOLOGIES
• Demonstration
• Discussion
• Oral questioning
• Video presentation
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
• Direct observation with oral questioning
• Demonstration
• Written exam
LO2. PLANT SEEDLINGS

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
1. Land preparation is carried out in accordance with enterprise practice
2. Organic fertilizers and applicable concoctions are incorporated in the

soil before planting in accordance with enterprise procedure
3. Seedlings are transplanted/ planted based on VPM recommendations
4.Watering of seedlings are performed based on VPM recommendations
CONTENTS:
• Land preparation activities
• Procedure in applying organic fertilizers and applicable concoctions
• Transplanting and planting procedures
• Water management
CONDITIONS:
• Tools and materials
- bolo
- broomstick
- organic fertilizers
- sprinkler
- trowel
Training Materials
- Vegetable Production Manual
- handouts/flyers
- video presentation
- PPEs
-shovel
-first aid kit
- LCD/computer

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
- printer
METHODOLOGIES:
• Lecture/discussion
• Field demonstration
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
• Direct observation and oral questioning
• Demonstration
• Interview
LO3. PERFORM PLANT CARE AND MANAGEMENT
1. Implemented water management plan
1. Effective control measures were determined on specific pests and

diseases as prescribed under the “pest, disease and weed
management” of the PNS.
2. All missing hills were re-planted to maintain the desired plant

population of the area
3. Organic fertilizers were applied in accordance with fertilization policy

of the PNS
CONTENTS:
• Proper care and management of plants
o Water management plan
• Organic method of pests and disease management
• Organic method of nutrient management
o Crop rotation
o Intercropping
o Cover cropping
o Green manuring
• Plant pests and disease management
Types of pests and disease
Organic method of preventing and controlling pests and
diseases
• Establishment of buffer zone

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
CONDITIONS:
• Tools
pails
sprinkler
hand trowel
shovel
knapsack sprayer
• training equipment:
Desktop computer, printer, LCD
• materials
organic fertilizers
concoctions
plants for replanting
first aid kit
PPEs
METHODOLOGIES:
• Demonstration
• Lecture-discussion
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
• Interview
• Written examination
LO4. PERFORM HARVEST AND POST HARVEST ACTIVITIES
1.Products are checked using maturity indices according to PNS, PNS-organic
agriculture and enterprise practice.
2.Marketable products are harvested according to PNS, PNS-organic


Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
3.Harvested vegetables are classified according to PNS, PNS-organic
4.Appropriate harvesting tools and materials are used in accordance with

PNS.
5.Post harvest practices were applied according to PNS and GAP

recommendations.
6.Production record was accomplished.
CONTENTS:
• Maturity indices.
• Proper handling of tools and materials.
• Practices in post-harvest of vegetables.
• Harvesting tools and implements
• Principles and guides in post-harvest handling of vegetables.
• Principles of 5S
• Principles of 3Rs
• Proper recording
• PNS
• PNS-organic agriculture
• GAP
CONDITIONS:
• Tools:
scissors
vegetable crates
knife
weighing scale 10 kls. capacity
Desktop Computer
LCD projector
• Farm equipment
Cart
• Materials

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
first aid kit
bamboo baskets
pencils
bond papers
Learning materials on VPM
PPEs
• Facilities
Storage area
METHODOLOGIES:
• Demonstration
• Lecture/ Discussion
• Field work
Film viewing
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
• Demonstration with oral questioning
• Interview
Data Gathering Instrument for Trainee’s Characteristics

Please answer the following instrument according to the characteristics
described below. Encircle the letter of your choice that best describes you as
a learner. Blank spaces are provided for some data that need your response.
Characteristics of learners
Language, literacy Average grade in: Average grade in:

and numeracy
English Math
(LL&N)
a. 95 and above a. 95 and above
b. 90 to 94 b. 90 to 94
c. 85 to 89 c. 85 to 89
d. 80 to 84 d. 80 to 84
a. 75 to 79 e. 75 to 79
Cultural and Ethnicity/culture:

language a. Ifugao
background
b. Igorot
c. Ibanag

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
d. Gaddang
e. Muslim
f. Ibaloy
g. Others (please specify: NA
Education & Highest Educational Attainment:

general a. High School Level
knowledge
b. High School Graduate
c. College Level
d. College Graduate
e. with units in Master’s degree
f. Masteral Graduate
g. With units in Doctoral Level
h. Doctoral Graduate
Sex a. Male
b. Female
Age: 22 Your age: 50
Physical ability 1. Disabilities (if any) NA
2. Existing Health Conditions (Existing illness
if any)
a. None
b. Asthma
c. Heart disease
d. Anemia
e. Hypertension
f. Diabetes
g. Others (please specify) NA
Previous TM Certificates
experience with a. TQ certified
the topic b. TM graduate
c. TM trainer
d. TM lead trainer
Number of years as a competency trainer NA
Previous List down trainings related to TM

learning Organic Agriculture Production
experience

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
Training Level National Certificates acquired and NC level
completed Organic Agriculture Production
Special courses Other courses related to TM

a. Units in education
b. Master’s degree units in education
c. Others (please specify) Doctor of
Management major in Educational
Management (DM-EM)
Learning styles a. Visual - The visual learner takes mental

pictures of information given, so in order for
this kind of learner to retain information, oral
or written, presentations of new information
must contain diagrams and drawings,
preferably in color. The visual learner can't
concentrate with a lot of activity around him
and will focus better and learn faster in a
quiet study environment.
b. Kinesthetic - described as the students in the
classroom, who have problems sitting still
and who often bounce their legs while tapping
their fingers on the desks. They are often
referred to as hyperactive students with
concentration issues.
c. Auditory- a learner who has the ability to
remember speeches and lectures in detail but
has a hard time with written text. Having to
read long texts is pointless and will not be
retained by the auditory learner unless it is
read aloud.
d. Activist - Learns by having a go
e. Reflector - Learns most from activities where
they can watch, listen and then review what
has happened.
f. Theorist - Learns most when ideas are linked
to existing theories and concepts.
g. Pragmatist - Learns most from learning
activities that are directly relevant to their
situation.
Other needs a. Financially challenged

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
b. Working student
c. Solo parent
d. Others (please specify) School Administrator

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
FORM 1.1 SELF-ASSESSMENT CHECK
INSTRUCTIONS: This Self-Check Instrument will give the trainer necessary

data or information which is essential in planning training
sessions. Please check the appropriate box of your answer to
the questions below.
CORE COMPETENCIES
CAN I…? YES NO
1. Raise Organic Chicken Commented [D11]:
1.1 Select healthy stocks √

1.2 Determine suitable chicken house requirements √
1.3 Install cage (housing) equipment √
1.4 Feed chicken (provide feed and implement feeding √
practice)
1.5 Manage health and growth of chicken √
1.6 Harvest Chicken √
2. Produce Organic Vegetables
2.1 Establish nursery √
2.2 Plant seedlings √
2.3 Perform plant care activities and management √
2.4 Perform harvest and postharvest activities √
3. Produce Organic Fertilizer
3.1 Prepare composting area √
3.2 Prepare new materials √
3.3 Carry out composting process √
3.4 Harvest compost √
4. Produce various concoctions
4.1 Prepare for the production of various concoctions √
4.2 Process concoctions √
4.3 Package concoctions √

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
Note: In making the Self-Check for your Qualification, all required competencies should
be specified. It is therefore required of a Trainer to be well- versed of the CBC or TR of the
program qualification he is teaching.
Evidences/Proof of Current Competencies
Form 1.2: Evidence of Current Competencies acquired related to

Job/Occupation
Current competencies Proof/Evidence Means of validating

Basic Competencies
1. Participate in workplace
communication
1.1 Obtain and convey workplace Certificate of Written tests
information Competencies
1.2 Perform duties following
workplace instructions
1.3 Complete relevant work-
related documents
2. Describe team role and scope
2.1 Work in team environment Certificate of Role Play
Competencies
2.2 Describe team role and scope
2.3 Work as a team member
3. Practice career
professionalism Certificate of Written Exams
3.1 Integrate personal objectives Competencies
Role Play
with organizational roles
3.2 Set and meet work priorities
3.3 Maintain professional growth
and development
4. Practice Occupational Health
and Safety Procedures Certificate of Written Exams
4.1 Identify hazards and risks Competencies Role Play
4.2 Evaluate hazards and risks
4.3 Control hazards and risks

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
4.4 Maintain OHS awareness
Current competencies Proof/Evidence Means of validating
Common Competencies
1. Apply safety measures in
farm operations
1.1 determine areas of concern
Certificate of Written tests
for safety measures Competencies
1.2 apply appropriate safety
measures
1.3 safekeep/dispose tools,
materials and outfit
2. Use farm tools and
equipment Certificate of Role Play
2.1 use and select farm tools Competencies
2.2 Select and operate farm
equipment
2.3 Perform preventive
maintenance
3. Perform estimation and
calculation Certificate of Written Exams
3.1 Perform estimation Competencies Role Play
3.2 Perform basic workplace
calculation
4. Develop and update industry
knowledge Certificate of Written Exams
4.1 Seek information on the Competencies Role Play
industry
4.2 Update industry knowledge
5. Perform Record Keeping

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
Identifying Training Gaps
From the accomplished Self-Assessment Check (Form 1.1) and the

evidences of current competencies (Form 1.2), the Trainer will be able to
identify what the training needs of the prospective trainee are.
Form 1.3 Summary of Current Competencies Versus Required

Competencies
Required Units of Current Training

Competency/Learning Competencies Gaps/Requirements
Outcomes based on CBC
Basic Competencies
1. Participate in
Workplace
Communication
1.1 Obtain and convey Obtain and convey
workplace information workplace
information
1.2 Participate in Participate in
workplace meetings and workplace meetings
discussions and discussions
1.3 Complete relevant Complete relevant
work-related documents work-related
documents
2. Work in team environment
2.1 Describe team role and Describe team role
scope and scope
2.2 Identify own role and Identify own role and
responsibility within team responsibility within
team
2.3 Work as a team Work as a team
member member
3. Practice occupational health and safety procedures

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
3.1 Identify hazards and Identify hazards and
risks risks
3.2 Evaluate hazards and Evaluate hazards and
risks risks
3.3 Control hazards and Control hazards and
risks risks
3.4 Maintain OHS Maintain OHS
awareness awareness
Common Competencies
1. Apply safety measures
in farm operation
1.1 Determine areas of Determine areas of
concern for safety measure concern for safety
measure
1.2 Apply appropriate Apply appropriate
safety measures safety measures
1.3 Safekeep/dispose tools, Safekeep/dispose

materials and outfit tools, materials and
outfit
2. Use farm tools and
equipment
2.1 Select and use farm Select and use farm
tools tools
2.2 Select and operate farm Select and operate
equipment farm equipment
2.3 Perform preventive Perform preventive
maintenance maintenance
3. Perform estimation
and basic calculation
3.1 Perform estimation Perform estimation
3.2 Perform basic Perform basic
workplace calculation workplace calculation
4. Develop and update
industry knowledge

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
4.1 Seek information on Seek information on
the industry the industry
4.2 Update industry Update industry
knowledge knowledge
5. Perform record keeping
5.1 Carry out inventory Carry out inventory
activities activities
5.2 Maintain production Maintain production
record record
5.3 Prepare financial Prepare financial
records records
Core Competencies
Produce Organic
Vegetables
1. Establish nursery
1.1 Care and maintenance Care and
of seedlings maintenance of
seedlings
1.2 Plant seedlings Plant seedlings
1.3 Perform plant care Perform plant care
1.4 Perform harvest and Perform harvest and
post-harvest activities post-harvest
activities

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
Using Form No.1.4, convert the Training Gaps into a Training Needs/
Requirements. Refer to the CBC in identifying the Module Title or Unit of
Competency of the training needs identified.
Form No. 1.4: Training Needs
Training Needs Module Title/Module of
(Learning Outcomes) Instruction
1. Care and maintenance

1.1 Handling
1.2 Watering
1.3 Organic foliar fertilizing 1. Establish nursery
1.4 Pest management
2. Land preparation
2.1 Clearing
2.2 Plowing 2. Plant seedlings
2.3 Harrowing
2.4 Farrowing
3. Control Measures
3.1 Crop rotation
3.2 Application of beneficial micro
organism
3.3 Inter-cropping 3. Perform plant care and
3.4 Planting botanical repellants management
3.5 Displaying organic attractants and
repellants
3.6 Preserve existing predators
3.7 Mulching
3.8 Organic Fertilizers
3.8.1 Basal
3.8.2 Foliar
4. Post-harvest practices
4.1 Post harvest operation
4. Post-harvest practices
4.2 Using charts and manuals

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
4.3 Trimming
4.4 Packaging, labelling and storing

Trainers
Date Revised:
NTTA
Developed by:
In template form, the session plan will look like this.
SESSION PLAN
Sector : AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY SECTOR
Qualification Title : ORGANIC AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION NC II
Unit of Competency : Produce Organic Vegetables
Module Title : Producing Organic Vegetables
Learning Outcomes: At the end of the program the trainees will be able to
2. Plant seedlings
3. Perform plant care and management
4. Perform harvest and post-harvest activities
A. INTRODUCTION
Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 (Republic Act No. 10068) - An act providing for the development and promotion of
organic agriculture in the Philippines and for other purposes was enacted last April 6, 2010. Subsequently, it was declared
as the policy of the State to promote, propagate, develop further and implement the practice of organic agriculture in the
Philippines that will cumulatively condition and enrich the fertility of the soil, increase farm productivity; reduce pollution
and destruction of the environment, prevent the depletion of natural resources, further protect the health of farmers,
consumers and the general public, and save the program for the promotion of community-based organic agricultural systems
which include, among others, farmers produced purely organic fertilizers such as compost, pesticides and other farm inputs,
together with a nationwide educational and promotional campaign for the use and processing, as well as the adoption of
organic agricultural system as a viable alternative shall be undertaken.
It is then a system based on the principle of taking care or the nurture accounting the entire life span of the vegetables
and a system that relies on biological process and natural materials to manage soil fertility and pest population and promote

July 2010 Issued by:
Trainers Methodology Level I Date Revised:
February 2012 Page 23 of 250
Templates Developed by: NTTA
NTTA
Revision # 01
health crop growth. It is economical and healthy for it does not use costly synthetic and harmful toxic chemicals for the field
use to grow organic vegetables may not have prohibited material applied to them.
More so, it reduces non-renewable energy used by decreasing agrochemical needs. Organic production contributes to
mitigating the greenhouse effect and global warming through its ability to sequester carbon in the soil. In the same manner,
it improves the soil’s chemical materials, reduces nutrient loss into water bodies and environment and promotes favorable
chemical reactions. So much so, for it relies so much on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost and
biological pest control. Consequently, vegetables grown in this process are good source of vitamins and minerals such as
Vitamin A, B, C, Iron as well as protein and other dietary fiber for the right nutrition or food for the body.
B. LEARNING ACTIVITIES (24 hours)
LO 1: Establish Nursery (6 hours)

Presentation
Learning Content Methods Practice Feedback Resources Time
(steps)
1. Care and Read information
maintenance of Lecture / Discussion sheet AGR 11306 CBLM,
seedlings 1.1-1.4 on Compare Laptop,
Self-paced Answer Self answers LCD 6
handling, watering,
Modular fertilizing and pest Check with Projector, hours
managing answer key tools and
Multimedia Presentation materials
Lecture / Discussion Compare CBLM,

1.1 Select seed in Read information
Answer Self answers Laptop, 1.5
accordance with the Self-paced sheet AGR 11306
Check with LCD hours
PNS and NSQCS/BPI Modular 1.1
answer key Projector,

NTTA
Revision # 01
Multimedia Presentation tools and
materials
1.2 Prepare seedbeds CBLM,
in accordance with Compare Laptop,
Lecture / Discussion Read information
the planting Answer Self answers LCD 1.5
sheet AGR 11306
requirements based Practical/Demonstration Check with Projector, hours
1.2
on Vegetable answer key tools and
Production Manual materials
CBLM,
1.3 Care and maintain Self-paced Compare Laptop,
Read information
seedlings in Answer Self answers LCD 1.5
Modular sheet AGR 11306
accordance with Check with Projector, hours
1.3
enterprise practice Multimedia Presentation answer key tools and
materials
CBLM,
1.4 Prepare potting Self-paced Compare Laptop,
Read information
media in accordance Answer Self answers LCD 1.5
with enterprise Check with Projector, hours
1.4
procedure Multimedia Presentation answer key tools and
materials
LO 2: Plant Seedling (6 hours)
Self-paced Compare CBLM,

Read information
Answer Self answers Laptop, 6
2. Land Preparation Modular sheet AGR 11306
Check with LCD hours
2.1-2.4
Multimedia Presentation answer key Projector,

NTTA
Revision # 01
Demonstration tools and
materials
CBLM,
2.1 Prepare land to be Read information Compare Laptop,
carried out in sheet AGR 11306 Answer Self answers LCD 1.5
Practical/Demonstration
accordance with Check with Projector, hours
enterprise practice 2.1 answer key tools and
materials
CBLM,
2.2 Introduce Self-paced Compare Laptop,
Read information
beneficial micro- Answer Self answers LCD 1.5
organism prior to Check with Projector, hours
2.2
planting Multimedia Presentation answer key tools and
materials
CBLM,
Compare Laptop,
2.3 Transplant/plant Read information
Answer Self answers LCD 1.5
seedlings based on Practical/ Demonstration sheet AGR 11306
Check with Projector, hours
VPM recommendation 2.3
answer key tools and
materials
CBLM,
Self-paced Compare Laptop,
Read information
2.4 Water based on Answer Self answers LCD 1.5
VPM recommendation Check with Projector, hours
2.4
Multimedia Presentation answer key tools and
materials

NTTA
Revision # 01
LO 3: Perform plant care and management (6 hours)
3. 1 Implement water Read information Answer Self Compare CBLM,
management Lecture/Discussion sheet AGR 11306 Check answers Laptop,
1.2
according to plan 3.1 with LCD
Self-paced/Modular hrs
answer key Projector,
materials
3.2 Determine control Read information Answer Self Compare CBLM,
measure on specific sheet AGR 11306 Check answers Laptop,
Lecture/Discussion 1.2
pests and diseases as 3.2 with LCD
hrs
described under the Self-paced/Modular answer key Projector,
“pest, disease and tools and
Multimedia Presentation
weed management” of materials
the PNS
3.3 Replant missing Read information Answer Self Compare CBLM, 1.2
hills to maintain Self-paced/Modular sheet AGR 11306 Check answers Laptop, hrs
desired plant 3.3 with LCD
population of the area Lecture/Discussion answer key Projector,
materials
3.4 Rejuvenate and Read information Answer Self Compare CBLM, 1.2
maintain plant sheet AGR 11306 Check answers Laptop, hrs
according to PNS Self-paced/Modular 3.4 with LCD
Multimedia Presentation answer key Projector,
tools and
materials

NTTA
Revision # 01
3.5 Apply organic Read information Answer Self Compare CBLM, 1.2
fertilizer in Lecture/Discussion sheet AGR 11306 Check answers Laptop, hours
accordance with 3.5 with LCD
Self-paced/Modular
fertilization policy of answer key Projector,
the PNS Multimedia Presentation tools and
materials
LO 4: Perform harvest and post-harvest activities ( 6 hours)
4.1 Check products Read information Compare CBLM,
according to maturity Lecture/Discussion sheet AGR 11306 answers Laptop,
1 hr
indices according to 4.1 with LCD
Self-paced/Modular
PNS, PNS-organic answer key Projector,
agriculture and Multimedia Presentation tools and
enterprise practice materials
4.2 Harvest Read information Answer Self Compare CBLM, 1 hr
marketable products Self-paced/Modular sheet AGR 11306 Check answers to Laptop,
according to PNS, 4.2 answer key LCD
PNS-organic Multimedia Presentation Projector,
agriculture and Practical/Demonstration tools and
enterprise practice materials
4.3 Classify harvested Read information Answer Self Compare CBLM, 1hr
vegetables according Self-paced/Modular sheet AGR 11306 Check answers to Laptop,
to PNS, PNS-organic 4.3 answer key LCD
agriculture and Multimedia Presentation Projector,
enterprise practice Practical/Demonstration tools and
materials

NTTA
Revision # 01
4.4 Use appropriate Read information Answer Self Compare CBLM, 1 hr
harvesting tools and sheet AGR 11306 Check answers to Laptop,
materials according to Self-paced/Modular 4.4 answer key LCD
PNS Practical/Demonstration Projector,
tools and
materials
4.5 Apply post-harvest Read information Answer Self Compare CBLM, 1 hr
practices according to sheet AGR 11306 Check answers to Laptop,
PNS and GAP Self-paced/Modular 4.5 answer key LCD
recommendations Practical/Demonstration Projector,
tools and
materials
4.6 Accomplish Read information Answer Self Compare CBLM, 1 hr
production record Self-paced/Modular sheet AGR 11306 Check answers to Laptop,
according to 4.6 answer key LCD
enterprise procedure Multimedia Presentation Projector,
Practical/Demonstration tools and
materials
C. ASSESSMENT PLAN
● Written Test: Content knowledge, skills on theories, procedures and dimensions learned
LO 1. Establish nursery
LO 2. Pant seedlings
LO 3. Perform plant care and management
LO 4. Perform harvest and post-harvest activities
● Performance Test: Demonstrate knowledge, skills and attitudes on

NTTA
Revision # 01
• Interview: Cross-check/follow up of the knowledge, skills and attitudes learned
D. TEACHER’S SELF-REFLECTION OF THE SESSION

Session plan is a guide/a training tool for the trainer not a script that provides a focus for the training, a reminder for
the trainer of the key points to undertake and provides a record of the training if it's to be used again. Preparing,
implementing, evaluating such brought focus to a trainer on the” what”, the “how” and the “why” of the training. Upon doing
such, things are getting clearer and someway, somehow makes the trainer internalize, had motivated the trainer to love more
and to promote the advocacy of organic farming.
Recommendation
Trainees should read every single detail to be guided properly, motivated to put into practice so trainers can facilitate
as s/he monitors closely while trainees perform the tasks/actualize the process, apply principles to meet the competency
standards.
Prepared by:
SR. THELMA TITUS R. BULAGAO

NTTA
Revision # 01
PARTS OF A COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
PACKAGE
References/Further Reading
Performance Criteria Checklist
Operation/Task/Job Sheet
Self Check Answer Key
Self Check
Information Sheet
Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome Summary
Module Content
Module Content
Module
List of Competencies
Content
Module Content
Module Content
Front Page
In our efforts to standardize CBLM, the
above parts are recommended for use in
Competency Based Training (CBT) in
Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA)
Technology Institutions. The next
sections will show you the components
and features of each part.

Trainers July 2010 Issued by:
Methodology Level I Date Revised:
Developed by: NTTA
Templates NTTA
Revision # 01
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
AGR 612301
1. Raise organic chicken Raising organic chicken
Produce organic Producing organic AGR611306

2.
vegetables vegetables
Produce organic Producing organic AGR611301

3.
fertilizer fertilizer
Produce organic
Producing organic AGR11302
4. concoctions and
concoctions and extracts
extracts

Developed by: NTTA
Templates NTTA
Revision # 01
MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Produce Organic Vegetables
MODULE TITLE : Producing Organic Vegetables
MODULE DESCRIPTOR
This unit covers the knowledge, skills required to establish

nursery, plant seedlings, perform plant care and perform harvest and post-
harvest activities.
NOMINAL DURATION : 24 hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
2. Plant seedlings
3. Perform plant care and management
4. Perform harvest and post-harvest activities
1. Written examination
2. Demonstration of practical skills
3. Direct observation
4. Oral questioning

Developed by: NTTA
Templates NTTA
Revision # 01
LO1: Establish Nursery
Contents:
1. Germination testing
2. Physical evaluation of seeds
3. Seedbed preparation procedure
4. Proper handling of seedlings
o Pricking
o Hardening
5. Proper water management
6. Organic method of pests and disease management
7. Organic method of nutrient management
8. Types of potting media
9. Advantages/disadvantages of different potting media
10. Mixture of potting media
11. Potting media preparation and procedure
Assessment Criteria
1. Seeds are selected in accordance with the PNS, and NSQCS/BPI

2.Seedbed is prepared in accordance with planting requirements based on
Vegetable Production manual (VPM)
3.Care and maintenance of seedlings are carried out in accordance with
enterprise
practice
4.Potting media are prepared in accordance with enterprise procedure.
Conditions
The participants will have access to:
Tools and materials

bolo assorted vegetable seeds
broomstick seed boxes
clean cloth organic fertilizers
sprinkler base materials for growing media
trowel seedling tray
Training Materials
Vegetable Production Manual

Developed by: NTTA
Templates NTTA
Revision # 01
handouts/flyers
video presentation
PPEs
seedling bags (recycled paper, banana leaves, etc.)
shovel
first aid kit
Training equipment:
LCD/computer
Printer
Training Methodologies
• Demonstration
• Discussion
• Oral questioning
Assessment Method
• Direct observation with oral questioning

• Demonstration
• Written exam
LO2: Plant Seedlings

Contents
1. Land preparation activities
2. Procedure in applying organic fertilizers and applicable concoctions
3. Transplanting and planting procedures
4. Water management
Assessment Criteria
1. Land preparation is carried out in accordance with enterprise practice

2. Organic fertilizers and applicable concoctions are incorporated in the soil
before planting in accordance with enterprise procedure
3. Seedlings are transplanted/ planted based on VPM recommendations
4.Watering of seedlings are performed based on VPM recommendation
Conditions

Tools and materials
bolo

Developed by: NTTA
Templates NTTA
Revision # 01
broomstick
organic fertilizers
sprinkler
trowel
Training Materials
handouts/flyers
video presentation
PPEs
shovel
first aid kit
Training equipment
LCD/computer
Printer
• Lecture/discussion
• Field demonstration
Assessment Method
• Direct observation and oral questioning
• Demonstration
• Interview
LO3. Perform Plant Care and Management

Contents
1. Proper care and management of plants
o Water management plan
2. Organic method of pests and disease management
3. Organic method of nutrient management
o Crop rotation
o Intercropping
o Covercropping
o Green manuring
4. Plant pests and disease management
Types of pests and disease
5. Organic method of preventing and controlling pests and diseases

Developed by: NTTA
Templates NTTA
Revision # 01
6. Establishment of buffer zone
Assessment Criteria
1. Implemented water management plan.
2. Effective control measures were determined on specific pests and diseases

as prescribed under the “pest, disease and weed management” of the PNS.
3. All missing hills were re-planted to maintain the desired plant population
of the area
4. Organic fertilizers were applied in accordance with fertilization policy of

the PNS
Conditions

Training Tools
pails
sprinkler
hand trowel
shovel
knapsack sprayer
Training equipment
desktop computer/printer/LCD
Training Materials
organic fertilizers
concoctions
plants for replanting
first aid kit
PPEs
• Demonstration
• Lecture-discussion
Assessment Method
• Interview

Developed by: NTTA
Templates NTTA
Revision # 01
LO4. Perform Harvest and Post-Harvest Activities
Contents
1. Maturity indices.
2. Proper handling of tools and materials.
3. Practices in post-harvest of vegetables.
4. Harvesting tools and implements
5. Principles and guides in post-harvest handling of vegetables.
6. Principles of 5S
7. Principles of 3Rs
8. Proper recording
9. PNS
10. PNS-organic agriculture
11. GAP
Assessment Criteria
1.Products are checked using maturity indices according to PNS, PNS-organic

2.Marketable products are harvested according to PNS, PNS-organic
3.Harvested vegetables are classified according to PNS, PNS-organic
4.Appropriate harvesting tools and materials are used in accordance with
PNS.
5.Post harvest practices were applied according to PNS and GAP
recommendations.
6.Production record was accomplished.
Conditions

Tools
scissors
vegetable crates
knife
weighing scale 10 kls capacity
Training Equipment

Developed by: NTTA
Templates NTTA
Revision # 01
Desktop computer
LCD projector
Farm equipment
cart
Training Materials
first aid kit

bamboo baskets
pencils
bond papers
Learning materials on VPM
PPEs
Training Facilities
Storage area
Demonstration
Lecture/ Discussion
Field work
Film viewing
Assessment Method
Written examination
Demonstration with oral questioning
Interview

Developed by: NTTA
Templates NTTA
Revision # 01
Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome : Producing Organic Vegetables
Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read information sheet 1.1 on
selection of seeds in accordance with
the PNS and NSQCS/BPI
Answer self-check 1.1
Compare answers with answer key
1.1
Perform Task Sheet 1.1 on
establishing nursery
Evaluate your performance using
performance criteria checklist 1.1
Read and understand the
Information Sheet and check your
Read Information Sheet 2.1 on plant own understanding by answering
seedlings the Self-check. Answer all the
questions correctly before
Answer Self-check 2.1 and compare
proceeding to the activity
answers with answer key
Perform task sheet 2.1 on plant
seedlings
Read information sheet 3.1 on Task and Job Sheets will help you
perform plant care and management practice your skills.
Answer self-check 3.1 on perform
plant care and management
Perform task sheet 3.1 perform plant
care and management
The Performance Criteria
Checklist will also guide you to
evaluate your work as you practice
Read information sheet 4.1 on your skill. And if you are done, show
perform harvest and post-harvest your output to you trainer for
activities evaluation and feedback
Answer self-check 4.1 on perform
harvest and post-harvest activities

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Templates Thelma Titus R.
Perform task sheet4.1 on perform
harvest and post-harvest activities
performance criteria checklist

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Information Sheet
Producing Organic Vegetable
Learning Outcome 1 : Establish Nursery

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. select seeds in accordance with PNS
2. prepare seedbeds in accordance with planting
3. care and maintenance of seedling in accordance with enterprise
practices
4. prepare potting media in accordance with enterprise procedure
The vegetable industry is one of the major sources of livelihood for

millions of Filipino farmers and businessmen. It is a good source of vitamins
and minerals such as Vitamin A, B, C, Iron as well as protein and dietary fiber
for the right nutrition or food for the body
What is Producing Organic Vegetables?

Organic vegetable production is a system that relies on biological
processes and natural materials to manage soil fertility and pest
populations and to promote healthy crop growth. It is a holistic production
management system which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health,
including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity.
As such, organic production especially on vegetables, the methods
employed must be complying with the standards of organic production.
Standards vary worldwide, but organic farming features practices that cycle
resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity.
In so doing, Organic Vegetable Production provides an invaluable,
practical guide to the production of organic vegetables across a range of
organic farming systems in temperate area. Hence, appropriate knowledge,
skills, and abilities on the core competencies encompass five key
drivers: agro-ecological resilience, market development, improved nutrition,
gender equity, and social and behavioral change.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Why Organic Production?
• Desire to stay on the farm

• Economics
• Costs less
• Boosts local economy
• Healthier for customers and me
• Reduce use of chemicals
• Rebuild the soil fertility/biology
LO1 Establish Nursery
Procedure in Establishing a Nursery
Care must be taken in choosing the seedlings to start a plantation since

plantings will be in the field for many years. The nursery management
techniques described herein can be applied for both the genebank and hybrid
trials.
Nursery site selection
A good nursery should:
1. be open, level and well-drained;

2. have light or loose-textured soil to facilitate nursery operations;
3. have a good source of water without possibility of being flooded;
4. be accessible to transportation; and
5. be far from existing potential sources of coconut insect pests and
diseases, e.g. sawmills, pile of decaying logs, dump site of animal manure,
etc.
A nursery site with a minimum area of 3,600 m2 is needed to accommodate
about 12,000 seednuts.
To be fully operational, the nursery should have a fence for security; a shed
to house the implements and supplies; farm implements and small
equipment; a source of water for irrigation; and sufficiently trained manpower.
The seedbed
Seedbed preparation. The seedbed should preferably be in the center of the

nursery. To facilitate sowing of nuts, it should be cleared, plowed and
harrowed to a fine tilth. Seedbeds are prepared with the following dimensions:
elevation: 10-20 cm high to provide drainage

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
width: 1 m to avoid stepping on seednuts during maintenance and
transfer operations
length: a 2 m long seedbed is ideal for easy inspection, management and
maintenance
pathway: 1 m between seedbeds should be provided to facilitate inspection,
selection, pricking, maintenance and seedling transfer activities.
Sowing of seednuts. Nuts are planted by firmly setting them either upright
or slightly tilted with the germ end at the top. The nuts are set close to one
another to prevent them from floating in case of heavy rains. The nuts are
then covered with soil, with about 2/3 of their size buried. In addition to
keeping a record file, a signboard, placed in front of each bed, provides the
following information:
Name of variety/type
Date of sowing
Number of nuts sown
Seedbed number
Date when nuts are harvested, if available
Preparation of seeds
Honeydew ug Muskmelon
• I-iras ang liso tagsa-tagsa.

Ang talinis nga tumoy sa liso mao ang ipa-atubang sa ubos.
Tabonan kini ug basa-basa nga “sowing medium”.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
 Andam na i-balhin ang lalongon sa garden pag-abot sa 10 – 15
ka adlaw gikan sa pag-iras o kung aduna na’y 2 – 3 dahon (true
leaves).
AMPALAYA
 Putlon o i-crack ang talinis nga tumoy sa liso sa paliya gamit

ang nail cutter, pliers o long nose nga pliers. Huluman ang mga
liso sulod sa 30 ka minutos hangtod 1 ka oras.
 I-iras ang liso tagsa-tagsa. Ang pinutlan nga tumoy sa liso mao
ang ipa-atubang sa ubos. Tabonan kini ug basa-basa nga
“sowing medium”.
 Andam na i-balhin ang lalongon sa garden pag-abot sa 10 – 15
ka adlaw gikan sa pag-iras o kung aduna na’y 2 – 3 dahon (true
leaves).
Atsal, Sili, Talong, ug Kamatis
 I-iras ang 1-2 ka liso sa kada lungag sa inandam nga irasan

mga 1 ka sentimetro ang giladmon. Tabonan kini ug basa-basa
nga “sowing medium”.
 Andam nang i-balhin sa garden ang lalongon
 Kamatis -18 – 21 days
 Talong ug sili - 25 – 28 days
o kung aduna na’y 2 – 3 dahon (true leaves).
Pechay, Repolyo, Chinese Cabbage (leafy vegetables)
 I-iras ang 2-3 ka liso sa kada lungag sa inandam nga
irasan mga 1 ka sentimetro ang giladmon.
 Ibtan hangtod tagsa na lang ka lalongon sa matag lungag
human sa 7-10 ka adlaw gikan sa pag-iras.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
 Andam na ibalhin ang lalongon human sa 15-21 ka adlaw
o kung aduna na’y 2 – 3 dahon (true leaves).
Mga klase sa utanon nga din na sapayan i-iras
 Root crops sama sa radish ug carrots:
 I-iras ang liso deretso sa yuta, mga 2-3 ka liso sa matag
lungag, 1-2 ka sentimetro ang giladmon 15 sentimetro x
20 sentimetro ang distansya.
 Mga utanon nga dagko ang liso sama sa stringbeans ug
mais:
 I-iras ang liso deretso sa yuta, mga 1-2 ka liso sa matag
lungag, 1-2 ka sentimetro ang giladmon
 30 sentimetro x 80 sentimetro ang distansya sa
mais
 50 sentimetro x 70 sentimetro ang distansya sa
stringbeans
 Binana-bana nga adlaw gikan sa pag-iras hangtod pag-balhin sa
lalongon sa baol o garden:
Watermelon, Honeydew, Muskmelon - 10 to 15 days
Ampalaya, Cucumber, Squash, Upo, Patola - 10 to 15 days
Pechay, Okra - 10 to 15 days
Lettuce - 15 to 20 days
Tomato - 18 to 21 days
Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli - 20 to 25 days
Eggplant, Pepper - 25 to 30 days
Lay-out para sa Watermelon
Kamangan sa
Plot Plot balagon
Canal 0.5 m
(1 Plot
(1
meter) 4.0 meters (1
meter)
meter)

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Lay-out para sa Talong
Canal 0.6 m
Canal 0.6 m
Plot Plot Canal 0.6 m Plot Plot
(1 (1 (1 (1
meter) meter) meter) meter)
Lay-out para sa kamatis, atsal, sili, ug mga dahonon nga utanon

sama sa pechay, upland kangkong, etc.
Plot Plot Plot

Canal 0.5 m
Plot
Canal 0.5 m
Canal 0.5 m
(1 (1 1
(1
meter) meter) meter)
meter)
Maintenance of seedbed. This activity involves daily watering except when

it is raining; weeding, if necessary; partial shading, when needed; and
inspection for disease and pest incidence.
Pricking. When the sprout emerges through the husk to a height of 4-6 cm,
seedlings are planted in the field nursery either directly in the soil or in
polybags to allow them more space to grow. At this stage, some roots, already
out of the husk, might have been injured in the process of pricking. It is
therefore necessary to trim them before transferring in the field or polybag
nursery. The trimming of these roots assists the seedling to establish quickly
as it will induce the seedling to produce more roots. Seedlings of the same age
are pricked on the same day and immediately planted in the field or polybag
nursery. It is very important that pricking is done only when the field or
polybag nursery is already prepared. Pricking can be scheduled once a week.
The date of seed germination is recorded in a field book as well as the date of
each transfer to the field or polybag nursery. After pricking the germinated
seednuts from the seedbed, the vacated plot is refilled with soil so as not to
destabilize the remaining ungerminated seednuts. The optimum waiting
period for ending the observations of germination in each seedbed is around
16 weeks from the date of sowing or when 85% germination had been
achieved, whichever comes first.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
The polybag nursery. As mentioned above, there are two types of nurseries
for rearing coconut seedlings: polybag nursery and field nursery. A polybag
nursery that makes use of black polyethylene bags, hence its name. It is
preferred over the field nursery because:
1. transplanting shock is greatly minimized, thereby promoting early
establishment of transplanted seedlings;
2. seedlings can be retained longer in the nursery when conditions for field
planting are not yet favorable; and
3. age-wise, seedling selection is easily accomplished.
Land preparation. Depending on the area, this involves either heavy or light
cultivation of the soil and clearing the area of weeds and other existing
vegetation and obstructions to facilitate operations like staking and placement
of nuts.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
SELF-CHECK 1.1
Establish Nursery
IDENTIFICATION: Write the correct term defined in the following statements.
Write your answer on the space provided for
_______________ 1. The activity that involves watering, weeding, and inspection
for pest and disease incidence and application of fertilizer for each seedling
________________ 2. The activity that involves either heavy or light cultivation
of the soil and clearing the area of weeds and other existing vegetation and
obstructions to facilitate operations like staking and placement of nuts
_________________ 3. The activity that involves daily watering except when it is
raining; weeding, if necessary; partial shading, when needed; and inspection
for disease and pest incidence
________________ 4. A place for raising young vegetable seedlings until they are
ready for transplanting
________________ 5. A type of nursery that makes use of black polyethylene
bags
________________ 6. A trimming of the roots to assist the seedling to establish
quickly as it will induce the seedling to produce more roots
________________ 7. The equal setting of the seedlings at optimum distance
allows them to grow and develop normally
________________ 8. A __________ is needed to indicate the type/variety, the
number of seedlings and date of sowing is installed in front of each plot
_______________ 9. Are set by means of rope or twine to guide the setting of
rows made to establish four straight boundary lines and four 90° corners
_______________ 10. The Republic Act that provides for the establishment of a
comprehensive organic agricultural program and of a National Organic
Agricultural Board that carries out the policy and program

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
ANSWER KEY 1.1
1. Maintenance of the polybagged nursery

2. Land preparation
3. Maintenance of seedbed
4. Nursery Bed
5. Polybag Nursery
6. Pricking
7. Staking
8. Signboard
9. Boundaries
10. RA 10068

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Information Sheet
Producing Organic Vegetable
LO2 Plant Seedlings
What is mulch?
Mao kini ang materyal nga gibutang ibabaw sa yuta nga gitamnan
para mas mapalambo pa ang pagtubo sa mga tanom niini. Lahi-lahi ang
klase sa mulch sama sa itomon o puti nga plastic, mga uhot sa humay,
dahon sa sagbot, dahon sa saging, lukay, bato, ug uban pa.
Advantages of using mulch/Mga Bintaha sa pag-gamit ug mulch
 Makapugong kini sa ka-omogon sa yuta

 Makalikay sa pag-anod sa mga sustansya o abono nga naa sa yuta
 Malikayan ang pagka-bantok sa yuta
 Malikayan ang pag-anod sa yuta
 Ma-kontrolar ang pag-tubo sa sagbot
Transplants Plant Seedlings
 Transplants planted into the field will experience some level of

transplant shock. The goal is to minimize this transplant shock and
get plants growing as soon as possible. Key to minimizing transplant
shock is starting with transplants that are well watered, and
supplying more water immediately after transplanting. Avoid
transplanting into dry soil.
 Even when planting into moist soils, newly planted seedlings need
additional water. This can be accomplished by adding water to the
transplant hole as the plants are set in, or by irrigating immediately
after transplanting a field. When placing seedlings down in the
planting hole in the field, ensure that the top of the root ball is
completely covered with field soil. If the root ball is exposed, it will
dry out very quickly and the seedling will not thrive. At this stage,
overhead irrigation is more effective than drip irrigation, because
the plant roots will be too far away from the drip lines. A gentle
rainfall is also welcome after transplanting a field.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Distance in Planting (Distansya sa pagtanom)
Watermelon, Muskmelon, Honeydew -
80 to 100 cm between hills
Distansya sa pagtanom ug Talong ug Atsal
60 cm between rows
60 to 70 cm between hills
Distansya sa pagtanom ug dahonon nga mga Utanon sama sa

Pechay, Mustasa, Tangkon

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
15 cm between hills
20 cm between rows
Pagbalhin sa Lalongon ngadto sa Garden (Transplanting)
 Ang pagbalhin sa lalongon ngadto sa garden pagahimoon sa hapon

o kung di na kayo init ang adlaw. Kung alimoon ang panahon,
pwede ra himoon ang pagbalhin bisan unsang orasa.
 Likayi ang pag-“transplant” sa gulang na nga lalongon. Kini
tungod kay kasagaran, mahulog ang unang mga bulak niini ug
gamay ra ang ma-ani niini.
 Straight Rows. Planting straight rows is much more than a matter
of farmer pride. Whether rows are planted by hand, by push seeder,
or a tractor-mounted planter, it is essential to make those rows
straight. Straight rows are much easier and faster to weed than
crooked rows. It is difficult if not impossible to use cultivation
equipment to weed a field of crooked rows, and even hoeing is much
faster when rows are even and straight.
 Row Markers. Rows should be evenly spaced as well as straight.

There are a number of ways to mark rows and keep them evenly
spaced. Most push seeders will have an adjustable row marker. For
transplants on a small scale, a row- marking rake or a push seeder
without seeds can be used to mark rows. Some growers use home-

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
made rolling dibblers, either pushed by hand or mounted on a
tractor.
 Spacing for Good Weed Management. Set up your plant spacing
for seeding and transplanting in a way that will make it easier to
manage weeds later. Match up the spacing of the weeding tools you
will be using (for example, 8-inch wheel hoe, 5-inch hula hoe, or
mechanical cultivators) with row spacing. Choose a few plant
spacings that work well with your equipment and don't vary them.
This will save time adjusting equipment or finding the right sized
hoe.
 Check the Seeder. No matter which seeder you use, it is worth the
time to check and make sure it is functioning properly. Seed tubes
can clog up, plates can stop picking up seeds, or the spacing can be
wrong. Lift the seeder and turn the drive wheel a few times to make
sure seed is dropping down freely. It is also a good idea to go back
over a row that has been planted, dig up a few seeds, and check to
make sure they are being placed at the proper depth and spacing.
LO3 Plant Care Activities
Pag-abono/Fertilizing
• Human sa pagtanum ge rekomendar nga sprayhan ug IMO ug FAA.

• Human sa usa ka simana, butangan ug vermi cast o bokashi
• Dayon sprayhan ug FFJ, FPJ, FAA plus IMO.
• Kinahanglan kaduha mo spray sa usa ka simana
• Kinahanglan sa hapon mo spray
• Sa panahon na hapit na mamulak ang tanum kinahanglan usab
otrohan ug butang ug vermi cast or bokashi
• Dayon sprayhan ug Calphos plus IMO
• Human sa pagpamulak sprayhan ug IMO plus FFJ hantod sa
panahon na ma harvest ang bunga sa tanum.
Vermi-Tea and Animal Manure Tea
 Isulod ang vermicast o tae sa mga hayop sa sako ug ihulom sa

tubig. Ang tubig niini pwede mao ang gamiton sa pagbubo kada
adlaw.
Prunning
WATERMELON

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
 Sa duha ka samana human gi-transplant, Mag-ihap ug lima ka
dahon sugod sa kina-gulangan ug putlon ang sobra nga udlot.
 Kini aron modaghan ang sanga o lateral branches”
 Pag-abot sa 3-4 ka semana, magpili ug 3-4 ka himsog nga sanga
ug putlon ang uban.
Honeydew, Muskmelon (Open Field)
 Sa duha ka samana human gi-transplant, Mag-ihap ug lima ka

dahon sugod sa kina-gulangan ug putlon ang sobra nga udlot.
 Pag-abot sa 3-4 ka semana, magpili ug 3-4 ka himsog nga sanga
ug putlon ang uban.
 Tangtangon ang mga sanga ug babaye nga bulak nga nitubo sa
una hangtod sa ika-lima ka punga/buko (node). Ang pagpabunga
magasugod sa ika-unom hangtod sa ika-8 ka punga/buko. Usa
lamang ka bunga ang padayunon sa kada sanga.
Muskmelon (Trellis-type)
Upo, Patola, Paliya
 Putlon ang lima ka sanga nga nigawas gikan sa unang buko sa

tanom OR
 Putlon ang tanang sanga hangtod moabot sa trellis.
Kalabasa
 Putlon ang tanang sanga gikan sa ika-10 ka buko paubos.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
 Ang mga babaye nga bulak nga nigawas sa ika-1 hangtod sa ika-5
ka buko kinahanglan usab tangtangon. Ang pagpabunga
magasugod sa ika-6 ka buko pataas.
Vine Trimming
 Tangtangon ang mga sanga ug babaye nga bulak nga nitubo sa

una hangtod sa ika-pito ka punga/buko (node). Ang pagpabunga
magasugod sa ika-walo hangtod sa ika-12 ka punga/buko.
Artificial or Hand-pollination
 Kalabasa:
 1 male flower can pollinate 3 female flowers
 Seedless watermelon
 3 male flowers are required to pollinate 1 female flower.
Tip:
Take note that the receptivity of the female flower of some crops for
pollination is from 6 Am to 9 AM
Pagpatubig
Kanunay bubo-an ang mga tanom labi na sa tag-init. Kinahanglan dili

pundohan ug tubig ang garden lami na sa tag-ulan.
TIP:
Limitahe ang pagpatubig sa watermelon, honeydew ug muskmelon kung

ang mga bunga dagko na ug padulong na sa pagka-hinog.
Water your plants regularly.

1. Stick your finger in the soil up to your 2nd knuckle to see how wet it is; if
your finger comes back dry, you need to water your plant. ...
2. Always use warm water for your plants, as cold water can shock the roots and
cause damage to the plant.
3. Give your plants a deep watering about once a month.
Five (5) Basic Needs of Plants
Plants, like all living things, have basic needs that must be met for
them to survive. These needs include: light, air, water, a source of nutrition,
space to live and grow and optimal temperature.
Minimum requirements for crop production (PNS 2020)

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
The provisions for organic agriculture for crop production shall meet the
following requirements:
Choice of crops and varieties
3.1 Seeds and planting materials shall be of high quality and certified organic,
when available.
3.1.2 When certified organic seed and planting materials are not available,
non-organic seed and planting materials may be used provided that they have
not been treated with pesticides and other inputs not permitted by this
Standard.
3.1.3 Seeds and planting materials derived from tissue culture may be used
for the production of organic, disease-free planting materials.
3.1.4 Materials allowed for the treatment of seeds include the substances
listed.
3.1.5 When the use of treated seeds is required by government authorities or
phytosanitary regulations necessary to prevent the spread of seed-borne
diseases, or when natural disaster like floods, drought, earthquake, pest
outbreaks, or other unanticipated circumstances have occurred, causing the
destruction of organic seed supply, only then can treated seeds be used.
3.1.6 The use of genetically modified seeds, transgenic plants or planting
materials is not allowed.
3.1.7 Plant varieties should be bred to retain natural reproduction methods
3.2 Crop rotations and soil management practices

3.2.1 Organic production systems are soil-based and should care for the soil
and surrounding ecosystems in support of an increased diversity of species,
while encouraging nutrient cycling and mitigating soil and nutrient losses.
3.2.2 Tillage and cultivation implements shall be selected and used in a
manner that maintains or improves soil physical and biological quality and
minimizes erosion.
3.2.3 Organic management does not undertake any actions that create any
negative impacts in officially recognized high conservation value and heritage
areas, such as forests wildlife protection areas and watershed areas.
3.2.4 Organic management maintains and/or enhances biodiversity on the
farm holding, in crop, and, where applicable, non-crop habitats.
3.3 Fertilization practices and growth regulators
3.3.1 The fertility and biological activity of the soil should be maintained or
increased, where appropriate, through: - cultivation of legumes, green
manures, or deep-rooting plants in an appropriate multi-annual rotation
program; - incorporation of organic material into the soil, composted or not,

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
from farms which produce in accordance with this Standard; and - use of by-
products from animal production, such as farmyard manure, provided that
they come from farms producing in accordance with this Standard.
3.3.2 Fertilizers and soil conditioners of plant, animal, mineral,
microbiological, and other origin complying with this Standard, as listed in
Annex B, must be the basis of the fertilization program provided that these
follow proper composting methods. Any succession/addition/revision from
relevant standard setting bodies (BAFS & FDA) shall be adopted and shall be
in accordance with the criteria established in Section 12 of this Standard.
3.3.3 When supplementary application of fertilizer is needed, the materials
must be certified as organic or comply with the requirements of the PNS for
Organic Soil Amendments (PNS/BAFS 40:2016, Revised PNS for Organic
Fertilizer).
3.3.4 Runoff diversions or other means must be implemented to prevent
contamination of crop production areas.
3.3.5 Application of raw or undecomposed manure is not allowed. Manure
should undergo proper decomposition methods.
3.3.6 Organic and mineral (naturally mined) fertilizers and particularly those
with high risk for contamination should be applied in such a way that it will
have minimum adverse effect on the environment (e.g. on ground and surface
water). Mineral fertilizers shall be applied in their original form and shall not
be rendered more soluble by chemical treatment.
3.3.7 Storage places of manure and compost sites should be covered or
sheltered in order to prevent leaching of nutrients and pollution of water.
3.3.8 Fertilizer ingredients, which may have a considerable content of heavy
metals and/or other toxic substances, shall not be used
3.3.9 Growth regulators and dyes Only products used for regulating growth,
quality, and development of plants prepared from plants, animals, and
microorganisms are allowed.
3.4 Commercial production of organic fertilizer Commercial production
should follow the minimum requirements of the PNS for Organic Soil
Amendments (PNS/BAFS 40:2016).
3.5 Pest, disease, and weed management
3.5.1 Preventive methods such as disruption and elimination of pest habitat
and access to facilities shall be the primary mean of pest management.
3.5.2 If preventive methods are inadequate, mechanical/physical and
biological methods are preferred. 5.5.3 If mechanical/physical and biological
methods are inadequate for pest control, substances listed in Annex A are
allowed. Other substances not listed may be allowed if these are in accordance
with the criteria established in Section 12 of this Standard.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
3.5.4 The use of synthetic pesticides (e.g. herbicides, fungicides, insecticides,
moluscides, nematicides, rodenticides, etc.) is prohibited.
3.5.5 Products that may be used in the control of pests and diseases are
indicated.
3.5.6 The release of local and acclimatized predatory insects, such as earwig
and Trichogramma, and use of microbial pest control agents, such as bacteria
(e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis), viruses (e.g. baculovirus), and fungi (e.g. B.
bassiana), are allowed. However, these are subject to appropriate existing
phytosanitary regulations and measures, as well as national registration
requirements (e.g. NCBP, BPI-PQS). The release of such organisms should be
done in such a manner that these do not damage the natural ecosystem, and
done if other pest control measures are found ineffective.
3.5.7 Physical methods for pest, disease, and weed management are allowed.
Thermic sterilization of soils to combat pest, disease, and weed is restricted
in circumstances where a proper rotation or renewal of soil cannot take place.
3.5.8 Farm tools and equipment should be used exclusively in organic farms.
In cases that these are not dedicated for organic production, these must be
properly cleaned and free of residues from synthetic pesticides.
3.6 Pollution control and contamination management
3.6.1 Buffer zones should be established to minimize contamination from
non-organic farms. These may include, but are not limited to, multi-purpose
tree species of sufficient density and height, runoff diversions, water filtration
ponds and/or diversion systems, and open space.
3.6.2 Products from buffer zones must not be sold as organic.
3.6.3 In cases of reasonable suspicion of pollution, an analysis of the relevant
products, crops, and/or soil should be done.
3.6.4 Methods for pollution control and contamination management should

follow at least the minimum requirements of Republic Act 9003: The Solid
Waste Management Act.
3.7 Soil and water conservation
3.7.1 Relevant measures should be taken to prevent soil erosion and ensure
water conservation. Appropriate conservation measures, including
management practices such as grass waterways, contour strips, diversion
canals, catch/filtration ponds, buffers, wind breaks, mulch, and cover crops
to prevent wind and water erosion, must be established. Reasonable water
conservation measures must be taken to avoid excessive exploitation and
depletion of water resources.
3.7.2 Appropriate measures shall be taken to prevent salinization and
desertification.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
3.7.3 Land clearing through burning is prohibited, as per Republic Act 8749
or the Clean Air Act of 1999. 5.8 Diversity in crop production
3.8.1 The diversity of crops and cropping systems on organic farms should
sustain and promote diversity that is suited to local agro-ecosystem. Crop
diversification systems such as crop rotation, intercropping, alley cropping,
relay cropping, and multi-story cropping may be used. 5.8.2 Bio-diversified
cropping systems are encouraged.
3.9 Collection on non-cultivated materials and minor forest products
3.9.1 The location of harvesting or gathering site shall be clearly identified
and the gatherer/operator managing such practices must be familiar with the
proper methods of collection and contamination prevention.
3.9.2 Products of non-cultivated materials and minor forest products can only
be certified if derived from a clearly defined collecting area not exposed to
prohibited substances at least three years prior to the first harvest. These
collection areas are subject to regular inspection.
3.9.3 Collected products shall only be certified organic if derived from a stable-
growing environment. Harvesting or gathering the product shall not exceed
the sustainable yield of the ecosystem or threaten its ecological balance. The
collection of plants or parts thereof does not disturb the stability of the natural
habitat or the maintenance of the species in the collection area.
3.9.4 Organic wild harvest management excludes systems that harvest
officially protected or endangered species or where harvest is prohibited by
law.
3.9.5 The collection or harvest area shall be at an appropriate distance from
non-organic farming or other sources of pollution and contamination. 5.9.6
The operator who manages the harvesting or gathering of common resource
products shall be clearly identified and must be familiar with the defined
collecting area.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
LO4: Harvest and Post-harvest activities
Pag-ani (Harvesting)
 Ang pinaka-maayong oras sa pag-ani mao ang sayo sa buntag o kung
landong na pagkahapon.
 Aniha ang kalidad nga mga utanon kung ang bunga, dahon o bulak
moabot na sa 80% nga kagulangon (maturity).
Number of Days to Maturity
Watermelon – 60 to 65 DAT
Muskmelon – 60 to 65 DAT
Honeydew melon – 60 to 65 DAT
Paliya, upo, sikwa – 45 to 50 DAT
Kalabasa – 55 to 60 DAT
Pechay, letsugas, mustasa (leafy vegetables) – 3 to 4 weeks after transplanting
Repolyo, chinese cabbage (leafy vegetables, head-type) – 55 to 60 DAT
Talong, kamatis, atsal – 55 to 60 DAT
Atsal (kung pahinogon) – 65 to 70 DAT
Sweetcorn – 65 to 75 DAP
Maturity Indices
Watermelon
- 30 hangtod 40 ka adlaw gikan sa pagpamulak
- kung pik-pikon, mura’g tingog kung mag-pik-pik sa dughan
Muskmelon
- 30 hangtod 40 ka adlaw gikan sa pagpamulak
- humot, mura’g naa’y “net” labi na sa samputan sa bunga (dili tanang
varieties)
Upo, Sikwa/Patola
- kung moabot na sa eksakto nga gidak-on sa bunga
Ampalaya
- Mura’g ni-”crack” na ang panit sa bunga
Tomato
- Ang bunga nagaka-usab na ang kolor
Other vegetables
- when it has reached desirable fruit size

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Maturity index for fruits and vegetables
The principles dictating at which stage of maturity a fruit or vegetable

should be harvested are crucial to its subsequent storage and marketable life
and quality. Post-harvest physiologists distinguish three stages in the life
span of fruits and vegetables: maturation, ripening, and senescence.
Maturation is indicative of the fruit being ready for harvest. At this point, the
edible part of the fruit or vegetable is fully developed in size, although it may
not be ready for immediate consumption. Ripening follows or overlaps
maturation, rendering the produce edible, as indicated by taste. Senescence
is the last stage, characterized by natural degradation of the fruit or vegetable,
as in loss of texture, flavour, etc. (senescence ends at the death of the tissue
of the fruit). Some typical maturity indexes are described in following sections.
Skin color:
This factor is commonly applied to fruits, since skin colour changes as
fruit ripens or matures. Some fruits exhibit no perceptible colour change
during maturation, depending on the type of fruit or vegetable. Assessment of
harvest maturity by skin colour depends on the judgment of the harvester,
but colour charts are available for cultivars, such as apples, tomatoes,
peaches, chilli peppers, etc.
Optical methods:
Light transmission properties can be used to measure the degree of
maturity of fruits. These methods are based on the chlorophyll content of the
fruit, which is reduced during maturation. The fruit is exposed to a bright
light, which is then switched off so that the fruit is in total darkness. Next, a
sensor measures the amount of light emitted from the fruit, which is
proportional to its chlorophyll content and thus its maturity.
Shape:
The shape of fruit can change during maturation and can be used as a
characteristic to determine harvest maturity. For instance, a banana becomes
more rounded in cross-sections and less angular as it develops on the plant.
Mangoes also change shape during maturation. As the mango matures on the
tree the relationship between the shoulders of the fruit and the point at which
the stalk is attached may change. The shoulders of immature mangoes slope
away from the fruit stalk; however, on more mature mangoes the shoulders
become level with the point of attachment, and with even more maturity the
shoulders may be raised above this point.
Size:
Changes in the size of a crop while growing are frequently used to
determine the time of harvest. For example, partially mature cobs of Zea mays
saccharata are marketed as sweet corn, while even less mature and thus
smaller cobs are marketed as baby corn. For bananas, the width of individual

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
fingers can be used to determine harvest maturity. Usually a finger is placed
midway along the bunch and its maximum width is measured with callipers;
this is referred to as the calliper grade.
Aroma:
Most fruits synthesize volatile chemicals as they ripen. Such chemicals
give fruit its characteristic odour and can be used to determine whether it is
ripe or not. These doors may only be detectable by humans when a fruit is
completely ripe, and therefore has limited use in commercial situations.
Fruit opening:
Some fruits may develop toxic compounds during ripening, such as
ackee tree fruit, which contains toxic levels of hypoglycine. The fruit splits
when it is fully mature, revealing black seeds on yellow arils. At this stage, it
has been shown to contain minimal amounts of hypoglycine or none at all.
This creates a problem in marketing; because the fruit is so mature, it will
have a very short post-harvest life. Analysis of hypoglycine ‘A’ (hyp.) in ackee
tree fruit revealed that the seed contained appreciable hyp. at all stages of
maturity, at approximately 1000 ppm, while levels in the membrane mirrored
those in the arils. This analysis supports earlier observations that unopened
or partially opened ackee fruit should not be consumed, whereas fruit that
opens naturally to over 15 mm of lobe separation poses little health hazard,
provided the seed and membrane portions are removed. These observations
agree with those of Brown et al. (1992) who stated that bright red, full sized
ackee should never be forced open for human consumption.
Leaf changes:
Leaf quality often determines when fruits and vegetables should be
harvested. In root crops, the condition of the leaves can likewise indicate the
condition of the crop below ground. For example, if potatoes are to be stored,
then the optimum harvest time is soon after the leaves and stems have died.
If harvested earlier, the skins will be less resistant to harvesting and handling
damage and more prone to storage diseases.
Abscission:
As part of the natural development of a fruit an abscission layer is
formed in the pedicel. For example, in cantaloupe melons, harvesting before
the abscission layer is fully developed results in inferior flavored fruit,
compared to those left on the vine for the full period.
Firmness:
A fruit may change in texture during maturation, especially during
ripening when it may become rapidly softer. Excessive loss of moisture may
also affect the texture of crops. These textural changes are detected by touch,
and the harvester may simply be able to gently squeeze the fruit and judge
whether the crop can be harvested. Today sophisticated devices have been

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
developed to measure texture in fruits and vegetables, for example, texture
analyzers and pressure testers; they are currently available for fruits and
vegetables in various forms. A force is applied to the surface of the fruit,
allowing the probe of the penetrometer or texturometer to penetrate the fruit
flesh, which then gives a reading on firmness. Hand held pressure testers
could give variable results because the basis on which they are used to
measure firmness is affected by the angle at which the force is applied. Two
commonly used pressure testers to measure the firmness of fruits and
vegetables are the Magness-Taylor and UC Fruit Firmness testers (Figure 2.1).
A more elaborate test, but not necessarily more effective, uses instruments
like the Instron Universal Testing Machine. It is necessary to specify the
instrument and all settings used when reporting test pressure values or
attempting to set standards.
Three major hurdles and how farmers, distributors and other

stakeholders can overcome them.
1. Poor food quality and safety conditions
2. Poor Storage facilities and conditions
3. Physiological deterioration and Infections
Kinds of Vegetables
Cucurbits
The Gourd Family including squash, pumpkin, cucumber, gourd,
watermelon, and cantaloupe. These are ornamental trailing or climbing
plants. They are sometimes called the "vine vegetables".
Alliums
Allium are flowering plants that include hundreds of species, including
the cultivated onion, garlic, scallion, shallot, leek, and chives used to
enhancing the flavor of almost any meal, including Middle Eastern- and
Mediterranean-inspired dishes.
Cruciferous
Crucifier vegetables are also good sources of phytonutrients, which
are plant-based compounds that may help lower inflammation and reduce
the risk of developing cancer such as bok choy, broccoli, brussels sprouts,
cabbage, cauliflower, kale, radish and turnips.
Solanaceous
The Solanaceae family of vegetables include potatoes, tomatoes,
eggplant, capsicum and chilli. Solanaceous vegetables are affected by a range
of viral diseases, therefore it is important to control weeds which may be a
host to a virus. Capsicum, tomato, and eggplant are frequently grown as
greenhouse vegetables

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
4.1 Pre-harvest practices
4.1.1 Land preparation Proper land preparation should be observed to ensure
healthy and uniform plant growth and provide advance effective and efficient
weed control measures.
4.1.2 Planting and seed materials
4.1.2.1 Use quality seed materials. Use high-yielding varieties or hybrids that
are adaptable to the locality and approved by National Seed Industry Council
(NSIC).
4.1.2.2 Record the sources of seed materials including product identity (i.e.,
company name, lot number, variety, germination percentage, date tested).
4.1.2.3 Follow the appropriate planting distance and seeding rate as
recommended.
4.1.3 Use of pesticides and other agrochemicals Pesticide (insecticide,

fungicide, bactericide, rodenticide, etc.) and agrochemical (adjuvant,
detergent, disinfectant, plant growth regulators, etc.) usage during corn
production and postharvest handling should comply with the regulations set
by the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA) as follows:
4.1.3.1Only trained/certified pesticide applicators are allowed to carry out
pesticide application in the farm.
4.1.3.2 Use registered pesticides and agrochemicals according to the
manufacturer’s recommendation. 4.1.3.3 Storage area should be properly
labeled, well ventilated and locked. Warning signs should be displayed.
Pesticides and agrochemicals should be stored properly and clearly labeled.
4.1.3.4 Disposal of pesticides and agrochemical containers and residues
should be done according to instructions included on the manufacturer’s
label or in accordance with the FPA regulation. Empty pesticide container
should not be recycled for other usage.
4.1.3.5 Records of purchase, application and disposal of the pesticides and

agrochemicals must be kept (log records, procedures, or instruction manual).
4.1.3.6 Spraying equipment should be regularly maintained to ensure that
the equipment operates at its optimum condition so that right application
rates are delivered and unnecessary leakage is avoided.
4.1.3.7 Withholding periods or pre-harvest intervals should be strictly
observed.
4.1.3.8 Farm personnel involved in the use of pesticide and agrochemicals
should wear appropriate protective clothing and safety gadgets.
4.1.4 Fertilizer management

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
4.1.4.1 Use only fully decomposed organic materials. Raw and/or slightly
decomposed animal manure should be confined in a designated area for
treatment.
4.1.4.2 Use only the registered commercial fertilizers. Observe appropriate
method and time of application of the recommended combination and amount
of fertilizers based on the result of soil analysis.
4.1.4.3 Seed inoculant may be used to supplement part of the corn plant
nutrient requirement.
4.1.4.4 Fertilizers should be stored separately with partition from pesticides
in a clean and dry area (preferably slightly elevated above ground on pallets).
4.1.4.5 Storage area of fertilizers should be isolated from corn drying and
storage areas to prevent contamination due to leaching, runoff or wind drift.
4.1.4.6 A complete set of records of fertilizers and fertilizer preparation should
be kept. Information includes source of fertilizer materials, details of the
composting procedures, dates, amounts and methods of applying the fertilizer
as well as the person responsible for the application.
4.1.5 Insect pest and disease management
4.1.5.1 A pest and disease management program should be put in place
taking into account historical data, trends and current conditions.
4.1.5.2 Practice Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to control the incidence of
crop pests.
4.1.5.3 Practice crop rotation to minimize built-up of insect pests and
diseases. The continuous planting of the same plant species within a piece of
land leads to the build-up of insect pests and diseases
4.1.6 Weed management Practice appropriate weed control measures like
using appropriate cultural practices such as proper land preparation, off-
barring and hilling-up and/or using herbicides. Ensuring proper tillage
operations provides head-start of corn plant against weeds.
4.1.7 Water management Maintain the water requirement to avoid moisture
stress particularly during flowering up to the maturation stage. At these
stages, the crop is more susceptible to aflatoxin contamination. 4.1.8 Other
cultural management practices
4.1.8.1 If detopping of corn plants is to be practiced, this should be done after
physiological maturity has been attained.
4.1.8.2 Follow the other recommended cultural practices of corn including the
maintenance of the recommended row and plant spacing to avoid
overcrowding.
4.1.8.3 Conduct regular monitoring at all crop stages to provide measures to
problems that may arise.
4.2 Harvesting practices

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
4.2.1 Harvest corn at full maturity as recommended. Use clean mats, screens
and/or other suitable underlays to prevent corn ears from direct contact to
soil or foreign matter. Harvesting should be completed in the shortest time
possible especially during the rainy season.
4.2.2 Before using machines for harvesting and postharvest operations,
ensure that all the equipment to be used are functional, clean, and well-
maintained.
4.2.3 Sort-out and discard corn ears that show visible signs and symptoms of
insect or microbial damage.
4.3 Post harvesting practices
4.3.1 Hauling and piling Haul newly harvested corn ears immediately after
harvest. Hauling facilities to be used for collecting and transporting the
harvested corn from the farm should be clean and dry.
4.3.2 Shelling
4.3.2.1 Before shelling, dry the corn ears to at least 21 % moisture content
(MC). This is the optimum MC that will bring about less damage to corn
kernels during shelling.
4.3.2.2 Use clean, dry and properly calibrated mechanical sheller for efficient
shelling.
4.3.2.3 Use clean and dry containers of the shelled corn.
4.3.4 Drying 4.3.4.1 Immediate drying of the corn grains to reduce the MC
after harvest should be done by any available means, to minimize if not avoid
grain deterioration, mold and fungi attack and pest infestation.
4.3.4.2 If immediate drying is not possible, temporarily store the corn ears in
cribs or any structure with good ventilation.
4.3.4.3 As much as possible, immediately dry the shelled corn to 13 to 14 %
MC. Ensure that corn has been dried uniformly to this MC.
4.3.4.4 Use clean suitable containers for the dried corn grains.
4.3.5 Transport
4.3.5.1 The corn should be moved to a suitable storage or processing area as
soon as possible after drying.
4.3.5.2 Avoid grain moisture accumulation during transport by using an
appropriate covering for the container. Corn grains to be transported should
be properly stacked inside the transport vehicle and covered with any
protection against moisture and pests.
4.3.6 Storage The storage containers, warehouse or silos should be properly
designed and should be able to meet the following minimum requirements
such as:

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
4.3.6.1 prevent re-wetting of dry corn grains;
4.3.6.2 prevent entry of insects, birds and rodents; and
4.3.6.3 provide good ventilation to the stored corn.
4.3.6.4 Maintain the recommended moisture content (13 to 14%) of the corn
grain during storage to minimize aflatoxin contamination.
4.3.6.5 During storage, follow the first-in first-out (FIFO) principle
POST-HARVEST PRACTICES
Ang post-harvest practices mao ang tanang mga kalihokan nga
ginahimo sa dihang ang bunga, dahon, o bulak nahibulag na sa punoan
(activities done right after the marketable plant part are detached from the
main plant or tree).
Ang maayo nga post-harvest practices nagakahulogan nga gamay ra
ang usik ug nga kalidad nga produkto ang mabaligya. Tungod niini, mas
dako ang presyo nga pwede makayo ug dako ang abot.
Post-harvest management is a system of handling, storing, and

transporting agricultural commodities after harvest. This means having to
ensure that moisture, contaminants, and insects will not affect the quality of
the commodities.
Some of the handling practices which include harvesting, precooling,

cleaning and disinfecting, sorting and grading, packaging, transportation, and
storage are discussed below.
1. Harvesting
2. Precooling after Harvest
3. Cleaning or Disinfecting
4. Sorting and Grading
5. Packaging
6. Storage
Post-harvest technology lies in the fact that it has the capability to meet
food requirement of growing population by eliminating losses making more
nutritive food items from raw commodities by proper processing and
fortification. Post-harvest technology has potential to create rural industries.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Different types of packaging materials
Fruits and Vegetables displayed on supermarket
Marketing
 General Rule: Kung unsang klaseha ang kusog ug dali mahalin, mao
kana ang itanom.
 Ang gastos kada kilo o break-even price mao ang pinaka-basehanan sa
presyo sa imong baligya nga utanon. Makatabang kini kung mubo
ang palit sa merkado.
Kontakon daan ang merkado mga lima ka adlaw una pa ang pag-deliber sa
mga utanon

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
References
DuPont, T. 2012. Selecting the Right Seeding and Transplanting
Strategies.
Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations.
Funded by USDA Specialty Crop Block Grant Project ME#44166076 –

"Sustainable Production and Pest Management Innovations for
Next Generation Young and Hispanic/Latino Specialty Crop
Growers"

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Self- Check 2.1
Producing Organic Vegetables
LO2: Plant Seedlings

LO3: Plant Care and Management
Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
1. An area over which a plant or animal species naturally exists
A. Habitat
B. Herb
C. House
D. Horticulture
2. Any written, printed, or graphic representation that is present on the label

of a product, accompanies the product, or is displayed near the product at
the point of sale, for the purpose of promoting its sale or disposal
A. watering
B. labeling
C. harrowing
D. plowing
3. A kind of product that has been produced or processed, and handled in

compliance with organic standards
A. Organic agriculture
B. Organic product
C. Organic Integrity
D. Organic management plan
4. Adherence to the principles, objectives, and standards for organic

production.
B. Organic product
5. A holistic production management system which promotes and enhances

agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil
biological activity; emphasizes the use of management practices over the use
of off-farm inputs; and utilizes cultural, biological, and mechanical methods
as opposed to synthetic materials.
B. Organic product

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
6. A written plan for management of an organic crop, livestock, wild
harvesting, processing, handling, or grower group operation which specifies
the organic management system used by the operation in order to comply
with organic standards and which has been agreed upon by both the operator
and the certification agent.
B. Organic product
7. The following activities are required for land clearing EXCEPT

A. burning
B. plowing
C. harrowing
D. farrowing
8. Physical methods for pest, disease, and weed management are allowed
EXCEPT
A. thermic sterilization of soils
B. use of microbial pest control agents
C. mechanical/physical and biological methods
D. None of the above
9. Methods for pollution control and contamination management should

follow at least the minimum requirements of _____
A. Republic Act 9003
B. Republic Act 9275
C. Presidential Decree 1586
D. Republic Act 10063
10. The following are relevant measures should be taken to prevent soil
erosion and ensure water conservation EXCEPT
A. grass waterways
B. planting more trees
C. diversion canals
D. mulch
11. In keeping a record file, a signboard, placed in front of each bed, provides
the following information, EXCEPT
A. Name of variety/type
B. Date of sowing
C. Number of nuts sown
D. Name and Number of the person who planted

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
12. The following are the major hurdles and how farmers, distributors and
other stakeholders can overcome EXCEPT.
A. Few workers in the field
B. Poor food quality and safety conditions
C. Poor Storage facilities and conditions
D. Physiological deterioration and Infections
13. A technology that has the capability to meet food requirement of growing
population by eliminating losses making more nutritive food items from raw
commodities by proper processing and fortification and has the potential to
create rural industries
A. Post-harvesting
B. Harvesting
C. Planting
D. Germinating
14. A kind of nursery that makes use of black polyethylene

A. Seedling tray
B. Polybag nursery
C. Eco-bag
D. Seedbed
15. Maintenance of seedbed activity involves, EXCEPT

A. daily watering except when it is raining
B. weeding, if necessary
C. fertilizing
D. shading, when needed
16. The following are Solanaceae vegetables, EXCEPT

A. potatoes
B. broccoli
C. chilli
D. tomatoes
17. Is indicative of the fruit being ready for harvest. At this point, the edible
part of the fruit or vegetable is fully developed in size, although it may not be
ready for immediate consumption
A. senescence
B. maturation
C. ripening
D. yellowish

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
18. Is the last stage, characterized by natural degradation of the fruit or
vegetable, as in loss of texture, flavor, etc.
A. senescence
B. maturation
C. ripening
D. yellowish
19. The following are examples of crucifier vegetables EXCEPT

A. bok choy
B. broccoli
C. brussels
D. basil
20. Are ornamental trailing or climbing plants and sometimes called the "vine
vegetables"
A. Alliums
B. Solanaceous
C. Cucurbits
D. Crucifiers

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Self- Check 4.1
Producing Organic Vegetables
Answer Key 4.1
ANSWER KEY on Producing Organic Vegetables
Answer Key 2.1 and 3.1
1. A. Habitat
2. B. Labeling
3. B. Organic Product
4. C. Organic Integrity
5. A. Organic agriculture
6. D. Organic management plan
7. A. burning
8. A. thermic sterilization of soils
9. A. Republic Act 9003: The Solid Waste Management Act
10. B. planting more trees
11. D. Name and number of the person who planted
12. A. Few workers in the field
13. A. Post-harvesting
14. B. Polybag nursery
15. C. Fertilizing
16. C. Chilli
17. B. Maturation
18. A. Senescence
19. D. basil
20. C. Cucurbits
TASK SHEET 2.2.1
Title: Plant seedlings

Performance Objective
Given ample time and the seedling you should be able to:
1. prepare the land for planting,
2. transplant based on VPM recommendations; and
3. do plant care management following the standards.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Conditions: The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
Tools and materials

bolo
broomstick
organic fertilizers
sprinkler
trowel
Training Materials
handouts/flyers
video presentation
PPEs
shovel
first aid kit
Equipment: LCD, Desktop Computer, Printer
Here’s the step by step procedure in transplanting seedlings

1. Seedlings should be hardened-off, well-fed and watered before
transplanting.
2. Prepare a weed-free surface. Loosen and aerate garden soil by
tilling or hoeing.
3. Dig a hole large enough for seedling.
4. Carefully remove seedling from its container. Try not to disturb
the roots.
5. Set seedling in hole level with soil surface. The exception is
tomato seedlings, which can be transplanted a bit deeper.
6. Feed seedling to kick start growth. (Transplant each seedling
with a hefty handful of compost especially formulated fertilizer
for transplanting)
7. Surround seedling with displaced soil.
8. Water seedling thoroughly.
9. Mulch seedling to maintain soil moisture and regulate
temperature.
10. Keep area weed-free.
Assessment Method:
Practical? Hands-on/ Demonstration
Oral Questioning
Written Examination
Manual transplanting is done either at random or in straight-rows. In the
random method, seedlings are transplanted without a definite distance or
space between plants. The straight-row method follows a uniform spacing
between plants. The seedlings are transplanted in straight rows

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Performance Criteria Checklist 2.2.1
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Apply appropriate safety measures while working √
in the farm?
2. Prepare and use farm tools? √
3. Prepare and operate farm equipment? √
4. Prepare the land for planting? √
5. Conduct field lay-out? √
6. Dig holes? √
7. Transplant seedlings? √
8. Proper water management procedure? √
9. Did you perform preventive maintenance √
procedures and practices?
10. water the newly transplanted seedlings √
11. Germinate seed? √
12. Handle seedlings and plants properly? √
13. Prepare proper potting media procedure? √
14. Apply required amount of organic fertilizer? √
15. Follow guidelines and principles in post-harvest √
handling of perishables?

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
JOB SHEET
Produce Organic Vegetables
Title: Establish Nursery
Performance Objective: After the training session, the trainees will

be able to establish a nursery following the
prescribed dimension
Supplies/Materials
bolo assorted vegetable seeds trowel
broomstick seed boxes seedling tray
clean cloth organic fertilizers shovel
sprinkler base materials for growing media
seedling bags (recycled paper, banana leaves, etc.)
Training Materials
Vegetable Production Manual Handouts/flyers First aid kit
Video presentation PPEs
Equipment : LCD, Laptop, Printer
Here’s the step by step procedure in establishing nursery

1. seeds and their treatment;
2. soil mixture;
3. filling of pots;
4. watering;
5. pricking out
6. weeding;
7. root pruning;
8. provision of shade and shelter;
9. cutting;
10. hardening off; and
11. transport to the planting site
Assessment Method:
Practical/ Hands-on/ Demonstration

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
TASK SHEET 2.2.1
Title: Plant seedlings

Performance Objective
Given ample time and the seedling you should be able to:
1. prepare the land for planting,
2. transplant based on VPM recommendations; and
3. do plant care management following the standards.
Conditions: The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
Tools and materials

bolo
broomstick
organic fertilizers
sprinkler
trowel
Training Materials
handouts/flyers
video presentation
PPEs
shovel
first aid kit
Equipment: LCD, Desktop Computer, Printer
Here’s the step by step procedure in transplanting seedlings

1. Seedlings should be hardened-off, well-fed and watered before
transplanting.
2. Prepare a weed-free surface. Loosen and aerate garden soil by
tilling or hoeing.
3. Dig a hole large enough for seedling.
4. Carefully remove seedling from its container. Try not to disturb
the roots.
5. Set seedling in hole level with soil surface. The exception is
tomato seedlings, which can be transplanted a bit deeper.
6. Feed seedling to kick start growth. (Transplant each seedling
with a hefty handful of compost especially formulated fertilizer
for transplanting)
7. Surround seedling with displaced soil.
8. Water seedling thoroughly.
9. Mulch seedling to maintain soil moisture and regulate
temperature.
10. Keep area weed-free.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Assessment Method:
Oral Questioning
Written Examination
Manual transplanting is done either at random or in straight-rows. In the
random method, seedlings are transplanted without a definite distance or
space between plants. The straight-row method follows a uniform spacing
between plants. The seedlings are transplanted in straight rows
JOB SHEET
Title: Perform Plant Care and Management
Performance Objective:
After the training session, the trainees will be able to:
1. implement water management;
2. determine effective control measures on specific pests and diseases
3. maintain desired plant population of the area
4. maintain plant rejuvenation
5. apply organic fertilizers in accordance with PNS fertilization policy
Supplies/Materials
Tools
Pails sprinkler hand trowel shovel knapsack sprayer
Training Materials
Here’s the tips for plant care

1. 1. Water
2. 2. Provide adequate soil moisture throughout the growing season to help
fast-growing plants establish strong roots and produce fruit. ...

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
3. 3. Mulch
4. 4. Weed and thin seedlings
5. 5. Fertilize
Assessment Method:
Oral Questioning
Written Examination
JOB SHEET
Title: Perform Harvest and Post-harvest activities
Performance Objective:
After the training session, the trainees will be able to:
1. identify maturity indices
2. harvest marketable products
3. classify harvested vegetables
4. use appropriate harvesting tools and materials
5. apply post-harvest practices
6. accomplish production record according to enterprise procedures
Supplies/Materials/Tools
scissors
vegetable crates
knife
weighing scale 10 kls capacity
Training Materials
Here’s the tips for plant care

6. 1. Water
7. 2. Provide adequate soil moisture throughout the growing season to help
fast-growing plants establish strong roots and produce fruit
8. 3. Mulch
9. 4. Weed and thin seedlings
5. Fertilize

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Assessment Method:
Oral Questioning
Written Examination

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Performance Criteria Checklist
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. select seeds in accordance with PNS and √
NSQCS/BPI?
2. prepare seedbeds in accordance with planting √
requirements based on Vegetable Production
Manual?
3. care and maintenance of seedlings done in √
accordance with enterprise practice?
4. prepare potting media in accordance with √
enterprise procedure?
5. carry out land preparation in accordance with √
enterprise practices?
6. introduce beneficial microorganism prior to √
planting?
7. transplant seedlings based on VPM? √
8. implement water management according to plan? √
10. determine effective and specific pest, weed and √
diseases control measures?
11. maintain the desired plant population of the area? √
12. maintain plant rejuvenation and rationing? √
13. apply organic fertilizer in accordance with PNS √
fertilization policy?
14. do foliar and basal fertilization? √
15. check product maturity using maturity indices? √
16. market harvested products? √
17. use appropriate harvesting tools and materials? √
18. apply post-harvest practices according to PNS and √
GAP?
19. trim, sort, size and wash products? √
20. label packaging before storing the product? √

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Evidence Plan
Competency standard: Organic Agriculture Production
Unit ofcompetency: Produce Organic Vegetables
Ways in which evidence will be collected: De
[tick the column] mo
Obs ns
Thir
The evidence must show that the trainee… erva tra
d
tion tio Por
part Writ
& n tfol
y ten
Que & io
Rep
stio Qu
ort
ning est
ion
ing
Select seeds in accordance with PNS √ √ √
Prepare seed bed in accordance with planting
√ √
requirement
Care and maintenance in accordance with
√
enterprise practice
Prepare potting media √ √
Prepare land in accordance with enterprise
√ √ √
practice
Introduce beneficial micro-organism √
Transplant seedlings based from VPM
√ √
recommendation
Water seedlings in accordance on VPM
√ √ √ √
recommendations
Determine pest effective control measures on
√
specific pests, diseases and weed management
Maintain the desired plant population of the
√
area
Maintain plant rejuvenation and rationing
√
according to PNS
Apply organic fertilizer in accordance with
√ √
fertilization policy of the PNS
NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
# of
Objectives/Content items/
Knowledge Comprehension Application
area/Topics % of
test
Establishing nursery 2 2 4 8
Plant seedlings 5 5 7 17
Perform plant care

2 2 4 8
and management
Perform harvest and

post-harvest 2 2 3 7
activities
TOTAL 11 11 18 40

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
WRITTEN TEST
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer

1. The amount of sunlight needed in the preparation of the nursery
a. 2-4 hours per day b. 4-6 hours per day
c. 6-8 hours per day d. 6-112 hours per day
2. The number of leaves the seedling ready for transplant

a. having 2-3 true leaves b. having 2-3 leaves
c. having 3-4 leaves c. having 3-4 true leaves
3. Is the practice involving the selective removal of certain parts of a plant,

such as branches, buds, or roots
a. trimming b. transplanting
c. pruning d. fertilizing
4. A layer of material applied to the surface of soil for conservation of soil

moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing weed growth
and enhancing the visual appeal of the area
a. fertilizer b. mulch
c. seedlings d. weeding
5. A technique of adding a layer to the surface of the soil to suppress weeds

and prevent water loss through evaporation
a. fertilizing b. mulching
c. transplanting d. weeding
6. Is the technique of moving a plant from one location to another

a. fertilizing b. mulching
c. transplanting c. watering
7. Is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant,
later enabling fertilization and the production of seeds by human hands
a. fertilization b. condensation
c. evaporation d. pollination
8. Is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields or cutting of grain
typically using a scythe, sickle, or reaper
a. planting b. watering
c. harvesting d. pollinating
9. Is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for

distribution, storage, sale, and use and a process of designing

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
a. storing b. harvesting
c. packaging d. cleaning
10. The following are the practices done during post-harvest EXCEPT ____
a. transporting b. sorting
c. grading d. trimming
II. TRUE OR FALSE: Write the T if the statement TRUE and F if the
statement is FALSE
_____ 1. To develop the skills in producing organic vegetables is to study

agriculture and have the National Certification
_____ 2. Raised nursery bed is useful during rainy season
_____ 3. Well decomposed compost manure or farm yard manure are applied
to protect the soil for erosion
_____ 4. One seedling should be transplanted at one place
_____ 5. Seedling are handled or are held at their soft stem so as not to
destroy its soft leaves
_____ 6. The trellis is important for solanaceous vegetables
_____ 7. To get more yields/fruits/harvest trellis supporting the vines in
vertical way is preferred
_____ 8. Trimming and pruning the vine over the trellis is very important to
get maximum yield from the plant
______ 9. Weeding is necessary for loosening soil and controlling the weeds
_____ 10. In case of direct sowing, about 25-20 days after sowing fertilizer of
a well decomposed compost be applied around the base of each plant
III. IDENTIFICATION: Write the correct term being described in the

following statements. Write your answers on the space provided
___________ 1. a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing
seed or planting
___________ 2. a layer of material applied to the surface of soil
___________ 3. The gourd plant family consisting of about 965 species in
around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans
___________ 4. a small area of a yard or garden that's used simply for
growing certain selected plants without regard to design
___________ 5. a breaking up and smoothing out the surface of the soil. In
this way it is distinct in its effect from the plough, which is used for deeper
tillage
__________ 6. the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by
earthworms

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
__________ 7. the sign or indication of the readiness of the commodity for
harvest
__________ 8. cutting away dead or overgrown branches or stems, especially
to increase fruitfulness and growth
___________ 9. a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants that includes
hundreds of species, including the cultivated onion, garlic, scallion, shallot,
leek, and chives
__________ 10. an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin
such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places
emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting
IV. MATCHING TYPE: Match statements in column A with the terms in

column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided for
COLUMN A COLUMN B
___ 1. It is the breaking up and smoothing A. Harrowing

out the surface of the soil, an effect from
the ploughing, used for deeper tillage B. Mulching
___ 2. A system that uses fertilizers of organic
origin such as compost manure, green manure, C. Transplanting
and bone meal and places emphasis on
techniques such as crop rotation D. Organic Farming
___ 3. The gourd family crops grown around the
tropics and in temperate areas E. Cucurbits
___ 4. Any of a large genus of bulbous
herbs of the lily family including the onion, F. Allium
garlic, chive, leek, and shallot
___5. The spreading various covering materials on G. Tractor
the surface of soil to minimize moisture losses and
weed population and to enhance crop yield H. Irrigate
___6. The process of moving a fully germinated
seedling (or mature plant) and placing it in I. Planting
a permanent location for the growing season
___ 7. The natural substance containing J. PPE
The elements that improve growth and
productiveness of plants K. Organic Fertilizer
___ 8. Used for pulling and pushing agriculture
machine for plowing, tilling, disking, harrowing,
and planting
___ 9. Used to protects farmers from pesticide
health effects
___ 10. Is to water crops by bringing in water from
pipes, canals, sprinklers, or other man-made means,
rather than relying on rainfall alone

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
V. ESSAY. Give a profound explanation of the following questions.
1. Which part of the seedling would you hold upon removing from the
seedling tray for transplanting? Why?
2. Why do we need to water the newly transplanted seedlings even if the soil
is wet due to rainfall?
3. Why is it necessary to follow prescribed distances in planting seedlings?
4. Why is pruning necessary?
5. Why is mulching necessary?

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
ANSWER KEY (Written Test)
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. B 4-6 hours 6. C transplanting
2. A 2-3 true leaves 7. D pollination
3. A. trimming 8. C harvesting
4. B mulch 9. C packaging
5. B mulching 10. D trimming
II. TRUE-FALSE
1. F 6. F
2. T 7. T
3. F 8. T
4. T 9. T
5. F 10. T
III. IDENTIFICATION
1. plow 6. Vermi cast
2. mulch 7. Maturity index
3. cucurbits 8. prunning
4. seedbed 9. Alliums
5. harrowing 10. Organic farming
IV. MATCHING TYPE
1. A Harrowing 6. C. Transplanting
2. D. Organic Farming 7. K. Organic Farming
3. E. Cucurbits 8. G. Tractor
4. F. Allium 9. J. PPE
5. B. Mulching 10. H. Irrigate
IV. ESSAY. (5 POINTS EACH QUESTION)

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Performance Test
Specific Instruction for the Candidate
Qualification Organic Agriculture Production NC II
Unit of Competency Plant Seedlings
General Instruction:
Given the necessary and appropriate tools, materials and equipment, you
are required to prepare the land, transplant seedlings, and water newly
transplanted seedlings
Specific Instruction:
1. Having the appropriate PPE, tools and materials, remove the seedling
from the seedling tray.
2. Using appropriate digging tools, plant the seedlings you’ve removed from
the seedling tray within reasonable/prescribed distances
3. Water the newly planted seedlings

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
QUESTIONING TOOL
Satisfactory
Questions to probe the candidate’s underpinning knowledge
response
Extension/Reflection Questions Yes No
1. What is the approximate distance per cm in between hillsand
in between rows in planting leafy vegetables like pechay and
mustasa?
❑ ❑
Answer:
15 cm in between hills and 20cm in between rows
2. Why is it necessary to water and how much amount of water
be put in the newly transplanted seedlings?
Answer: newly transplanted seedlings must be heavily watered ❑ ❑
so as not to shock the roots for the new environment
3. Why is it necessary to hold the leaves of the seedlings upon
transplanting?
Answer: ❑ ❑
The seedling be held on their leaves so as not to destroy the soft
stem of the seedlings
4. Why is it needed for seedlings to have 2-3 true leaves before
transplanting?
Answer: ❑ ❑
They provide photosynthesis as the plant grows because when it
four leaves, it becomes to large and the leaves are hardened off
Safety Questions
5. Why is it necessary to follow the CODE provided in the ❑ ❑
Philippine National Standards?
Answer:
To promote organic agriculture and enhance yield and
market competitiveness by providing a uniform approach to
the requirements on conversion, crop production, livestock,
processing, special products
6. Why do we need to maintain training facilities? ❑ ❑
Answer
To meet and obtain/achieve training standards and
competencies
7. If the contaminants are found to be at unacceptable levels, ❑ ❑
will you still use the site for production? If Yes, No. Why?

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Answer: Yes but suspend the usage of the area for the time
being while problem is being assessed and treated. Once
recovered, its time to use again
No. Destroy first the contaminants by incineration; encouraging
natural organisms in the soil to break them down; or adding
material to the soil to encapsulate the contaminants
8. Why do cucurbits, alliums, solanaceous and crucifiers differ ❑ ❑
in their distances and positions in planting?
Answer: They have different characteristics (size, length etc)
Contingency Questions
9. What does agriculture sustainability mean? ❑ ❑
Answer
In the context of agriculture, sustainability refers to the
successful management of agricultural resources to satisfy
human needs while at the same time maintaining or enhancing
the quality of the environment and conserving natural resources
for future generations. Sustainability in organic farming must
therefore be seen in a holistic sense, which includes ecological,
economic and social aspects.
10. What is social sustainability? ❑ ❑
Answer
Social sustainability is also about equity among and between
generations. Organic agriculture contributes to the social well-
being by reducing the losses of arable soil, water contamination,
biodiversity erosion, GHG emissions, food losses, and pesticide
poisoning.
11. Cite an approach or practice usually involve a lot of ❑ ❑
learning and intensive observation of crop development, and
dynamics of pests, diseases and natural enemies
Answer
Stop using high input external fertilizer, instead, use in-farm
compost and green manure
12. In a very warm and dry climate, losses of water through ❑ ❑
transpiration from plants and evaporation from soils are high,
any suggestion can be done to plant to yield much fruit?
Answer
The key to increasing crop productivity lies in protecting the soil
from strong sun and wind and increasing the supply of organic
matter and water to the soil. Soil organic matter can either be
increased through compost or through cultivation of green
manure crops. In the case of compost production the challenge

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
is to increase production of plant biomass, which is needed for
compost production
Job Role/Environment Questions ❑ ❑
13. Is organic farming better for the environment? ❑ ❑
Answer
Organic farming is better for the environment because its
practices involve less pollution soil erosion, and energy
14. What are the environmental impacts of organic farming?
❑ ❑
Answer
Organic farming is widely considered to be a far more
sustainable alternative when it comes to food production. The
lack of pesticides and wider variety of plants enhances
biodiversity and results in better soil quality and reduced
pollution from fertilizer or pesticide run-off
15. What are the challenges for organic agriculture?
❑ ❑
Answer
A recent review of organic farming listed several challenges
facing organic agriculture (Halberg et al. 2005a) including:
• ecological justice; • animal welfare; • fair trade; • supply chain
development; • productivity limitations; and • regional
adaptation and global harmonization for standards
16. Is there a need to practice organic farming? ❑ ❑
Answer
YES, for organic agriculture reduces non-renewable energy use
by decreasing agrochemical needs (these require high quantities
of fossil fuel to be produced). Organic agriculture contributes to
mitigating the greenhouse effect and global warming through its
ability to sequester carbon in the soil
Rules and Regulations ❑ ❑
17. What make organic food organic? ❑ ❑
Answer
“Organic” must consist of a minimum of 95% organically
produced ingredients, excluding water and salt, and the
remaining ingredients must consist of nonagricultural
substances approved on the National List, and/or specific non-
organically produced agricultural substances
18. What requirements do organic products have to meet? ❑ ❑

Answer

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Organic products must be produced using agricultural
production practices that foster resource cycling, promote
ecological balance, maintain and improve soil and water quality,
minimize the use of synthetic materials, and conserve
biodiversity.
19. What are organic standards?
❑ ❑
Answer
Organic standards is a labeling term that indicates that the food
or other agricultural product has been produced through
approved methods. The organic standards describe the specific
requirements that must be verified by a USDA-accredited
certifying agent before products can be labeled USDA organic
20. Which of the following is allowed in organic farming?

❑ ❑
Answer
Organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally-
occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting
synthetic substances. For instance, naturally-occurring
pesticides such as pyrethrin and rotenone are permitted, while
synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are generally prohibited.
The candidate’s underpinning ❑ Satisfactory ❑ Not

knowledge was: Satisfactory

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Templates for Inventory of Training Resources
Resources for presenting instruction
● Print Resources As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
CBLM 1 set 1 set Complete
Vegetable Production Manual 20 copies 20 copies Complete
(VPM)
Assorted Organic Farming books, 4 sets in 4 sets in Complete
magazines, and journals each kind each kind
● Non Print Resources As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
Power Point Presentation Complete
Video Demonstrations and Complete
Presentations
Video clips Complete
Resources for Skills practice of Competency #1 ______________________________

● Supplies and Materials As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
Seedling tray 6 pcs 6 pcs Complete
Assorted vegetables seedlings 10 packs 10 packs Replenished
Bamboo sticks, straws, etc 5 pcs 5 pcs Complete

● Tools As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
Pruning shears 5 pcs 5 pcs Complete
Bolos, digging shovel/tools 15 pcs 15 pcs replenished
Cutting tools 5 pcs 5 pcs Complete

● Equipment As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
Tractor 1 unit 1 unit maintenance
Wheel barrow 1unit 1 unit Complete

Carbonizer 1unit 1 unit Complete

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.
Note: In the remarks section, remarks may include for repair, for
replenishment, for reproduction, for maintenance etc.

Trainers
Date Revised:
Developed by Sr.

PTS December 9

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PTS December 9

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Competency-Based Learning Material

Sector : AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY SECTOR

Qualification Title: ORGANIC AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION NC II

Unit of Competency: Produce Organic Vegetables

Module Title: Producing Organic Vegetables

Carmelite College of Siquijor, Inc.

Date Developed: Document No.

UNIT CODE : AGR611306

UNIR DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and

SUGGESTED DURATION : 24 hours

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the students/trainees will be able to:

LO1. Establish Nursery

LO2. Plant Seedlings

LO3. Perform Plant Care Activities and management

LO4. Perform Harvest and Post-Harvest Activities

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

4. Perform 4.1 Products are checked using maturity indices

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

2. Land Preparation 2.1 Clearing

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

LO1. ESTABLISH NURSERY

2.Seedbed is prepared in accordance with planting requirements based on

3.Care and maintenance of seedlings are carried out in accordance with

4.Potting media are prepared in accordance with enterprise procedure.

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

LO2. PLANT SEEDLINGS

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

2. Organic fertilizers and applicable concoctions are incorporated in the

3. Seedlings are transplanted/ planted based on VPM recommendations

4.Watering of seedlings are performed based on VPM recommendations

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

LO3. PERFORM PLANT CARE AND MANAGEMENT

1. Effective control measures were determined on specific pests and

2. All missing hills were re-planted to maintain the desired plant

3. Organic fertilizers were applied in accordance with fertilization policy

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

LO4. PERFORM HARVEST AND POST HARVEST ACTIVITIES

2.Marketable products are harvested according to PNS, PNS-organic

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

4.Appropriate harvesting tools and materials are used in accordance with

5.Post harvest practices were applied according to PNS and GAP

6.Production record was accomplished.

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

Data Gathering Instrument for Trainee’s Characteristics

Language, literacy Average grade in: Average grade in:

Cultural and Ethnicity/culture:

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

Education & Highest Educational Attainment:

Previous List down trainings related to TM

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

Special courses Other courses related to TM

Learning styles a. Visual - The visual learner takes mental

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

INSTRUCTIONS: This Self-Check Instrument will give the trainer necessary

1.1 Select healthy stocks √

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

Form 1.2: Evidence of Current Competencies acquired related to

Current competencies Proof/Evidence Means of validating

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

Date Developed: Document No. NTTA-TM1-01

From the accomplished Self-Assessment Check (Form 1.1) and the

Form 1.3 Summary of Current Competencies Versus Required