1.

Arithmetic: The basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as
the properties and relationships of numbers.

2. Algebra: The study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols to
solve equations and describe relationships between variables.

3. Geometry: The study of shapes, sizes, dimensions, and the properties of space. This includes
Euclidean geometry, analytic geometry, and non-Euclidean geometry.

4. Calculus: The study of rates of change and accumulation, involving concepts such as derivatives,
integrals, limits, and differential equations. Calculus is fundamental in understanding motion,
change, and optimization.

5. Statistics: The branch of mathematics concerned with collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and
presenting data. It includes methods for summarizing data, making inferences, and testing
hypotheses.

6. Probability: The study of randomness and uncertainty, including the likelihood of events
occurring within a given context. Probability theory is essential in statistics, decision-making, and
various applications in science and engineering.

7. Number theory: The study of properties and relationships of integers, including prime numbers,
divisibility, and congruence. It has applications in cryptography, coding theory, and computer
science.

Mathematics is not only a theoretical pursuit but also has practical applications in fields such as physics,
engineering, computer science, economics, and finance. It provides powerful tools for modeling real-
world phenomena, making predictions, and solving problems. Moreover, mathematics plays a crucial
role in advancing technology, shaping our understanding of the universe, and driving innovation in
various domains.