REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY

TACLOBAN CITY

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED

DISCIPLINE

ARCH 363 – SITE PLANNING AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

ENDEMIC PLANTS AND TREES IN

THE PHILIPPINES

SUBMITTED BY:
LENNI KATHERINE D. MATILLA
BSAR – 3B

SUBMITTED TO:
AR. BERNIE G. TUDIO, UAP
INSTRUCTOR

APRIL 6, 2024
ENDEMIC PLANTS

1. Areca Parens
Areca parens is a species of flowering plant in
the family Arecaceae. It is found only on the
island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is
threatened by habitat loss and listed on the
IUCN Red List as Endangered.

2. Ascoglossum Calopterum
Renanthera caloptera is a species in the
family Orchidaceae. It was formerly the
only species in the monotypic genus
Ascoglossum, abbreviated Ascgm in the
horticultural trade. It is endemic to Dinagat
Island in the southern Philippines and is
critically endangered by collection as an
ornamental plant and habitat loss. Its
flowers are a vivid purple.

3. Areca Whitfordii
Areca whitfordii is an
evergreen, single-stemmed
palm that can grow up to 10
metres tall. The unbranched
stem can be up to 20cm in
diameter and is topped by a
crown of large leaves, each up
to 2.5 metres long. The plant is
sometimes harvested from the
wild for local use of its seed,
which is used as a substitute for
betel nut (Areca catechu). Slash and burn agriculture affects most localities
 where this plant grows. It is classified as 'Vulnerable' in the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species (2013),

4. Baccaurea Glabrifolia
Baccaurea glabrifolia is a species of plant in
the family Phyllanthaceae. It is endemic to the
Philippines.

5. Artocarpus Rubrovenus
Artocarpus rubrovenia is a
species of plant in the family
Moraceae. It is endemic to the
Philippines. It is threatened by
habitat loss. The species was
first described in 1904.

6. Artocarpus Treculianus
Artocarpus treculianus is a
species of plant in the family
Moraceae. It is endemic to the
Philippines. It is threatened by
habitat loss. Local names
include chipuho and tipuho.

7. Balakata Luzonica
 Balakata luzonica is a species of
flowering plant in the family
Euphorbiaceae. It is distributed
from the Philippines to New
Guinea.

ENDEMIC TREES

1. Bani
Scientific Name: Milletia pinnata; syn.
Pongamia pinnata
Conservation Status: Least Concern

Named after a town in Pangasinan, the

magnificent Bani is a legume tree that grows
to about 15-25 meters in height. Its large
canopy of branches and leaves spread wide,
which makes it the perfect addition to
verdant gardens. This bright green-colored tree may be found in southern and
eastern Asia and Australia, but it has also been cultivated in Africa and the USA. Bani
trees are often used as a windbreak or as a shade owing to their large canopy and
attractive fragrant flowers. This native tree’s flowers are small clusters of white,
purple, and pink and are often used by gardeners as compost for plants that require
rich nutrients. While Bani is known to produce beautifully grained wood, it has been
known to split easily when cut, which makes it more suitable to manufacture
firewood, posts, and tool handles. Bani trees also produce Pongamia oil which has
been used as lamp oil or in soap making or as a lubricant for thousands of years.

2. Malabulak
Scientific Name: Bombax
Ceiba
Conservation Status: Not
vulnerable

Often mistaken for the Fire

Tree (Delonix regia), which is
 native to Madagascar, or the Caballero (Caesalpinia Pulcerrima), which is
introduced from Tropical America, the Malabulak tree is known primarily for its
vibrant red waxy flowers. In the native language, the Malabulak tree is also
known as Taglinau and Buboi-gubat. It bears a strong resemblance to the
Kapok (Ceiba pentandrum), which is an introduced species in the Philippines.
The Malabulak tree grows up to 25 meters. Often regarded as the “silent
doctor,” this magnificent tree is known for its range of medicinal purposes.
While it usually blooms in February, it attracts a lot of insects and birds by the
time it sheds its leaves and gets covered by beautiful red flowers.

3. Banaba
Scientific Name: Scientific
Name: Lagerstroemia speciosa
Conservation Status: Not
vulnerable

Native to areas in tropical

southern Asia, the Banaba tree is
also known as the Pride of India.
It is widely cultivated as an
ornamental plant in tropical and
subtropical areas owing to its lavender blooms. Its leaves and other parts,
however, are widely used in Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines in tea
preparation. The Banaba tree blooms only once a year at the peak of summer
and produces flowers with six white to purple petals. Banaba is also
recognized as one of the sixty-nine herbal plants that are being promoted by
the Department of Health.

4. Katmon
Scientific Name: Dillenia
philippinensis
Conservation Status:
Vulnerable

Found exclusively in the

Philippines, Katmon is
common in forests of low
and medium altitudes
throughout the islands in
primary and secondary
forests. This medium-sized
evergreen tree grows as high as 10-15 meters and is a favorite among Filipino
garden enthusiasts. Also, this native tree is commonly used for urban
greening. It bears fruit known as the elephant apple and grows large white
flowers that are fifteen centimeters in diameter with reddish pistils and
 stamens. This native tree is featured on the tail side of the Philippine twenty-
five centavo coin that has been in circulation since 2018 as part of the New
Generation Currency Coin Series. The fruit of Katmon is edible. Its acid is
extracted and is traditionally mixed with sugar to make a traditional cure for
cough. With its flavor profile similar to that of a sour green apple, elephant
apple is commonly used to flavor fish, make sauces and jams. Also, this
evergreen tree produces wood suitable for furniture. When quartered, its wood
bears a resemblance to the beautiful silver grain of a quartered oak which is
typically used for cabinet and furniture-making.

5. Ilang-Ilang
Scientific Name: Cananga odorata
Conservation Status: N/A

Originating from areas in the

Philippines, Indonesia, and
Malaysia, the Ilang-ilang tree
is by no means an uncommon
tree in the country. This
medium-sized native tree can
reach a height of up to forty
meters tall and is known for its distinct fragrant smell. When grown for perfume
extraction, however, the Ilang-ilang tree is grown not more than three meters
tall so that perfume extractors can easily collect the flowers. The Ilang-ilangs
flowers are dropping and long-stalked with six narrow, greenish-yellow
(sometimes pink) petals. These blooms produce a highly fragrant oil that is
often strung with Sampaguita to make leis that are typically offered in religious
ceremonies. The world-renowned perfume called Chanel No. 5 is known to
use extracts from the flowers of this native tree.

6. Molave
Scientific Name: Vitex parviflora
Conservation Status: Vulnerable

The Philippines is peppered with Molave

forests. These native trees commonly grow in
both secondary and open primary forests at low
altitudes. While it is common to the country,
Molave is also native to Malaysia and
Indonesia.Known to be one of the trees that
produce the hardest wood, Molave can grow up
to thirty meters. It is typically used in high-grade
construction where strength and durability are
 necessary. Similarly, Molave wood is also used in railroad ties and
shipbuilding. Molave trees grow purplish flowers that grow in numerous
clusters at the end of their small branches. The native tree’s leaves are known
to be resistant to most pests—whether fungal, termites, or beetle attacks and
are used as fodder. As Molave is one of the vulnerable native tree species in
the country, it has often been used in reforestation endeavors and projects all
over the country.

7. Dap-Dap
Scientific Name: Erythrina
Orientalis
Conservation Status: Least
Concern

A thorny and deciduous

(shedding) tree, the Dap-dap
tree grows up to twenty-seven
meters tall. It is commonly found
along seashores and frequently
planted and grown inland. This
native tree’s flowers are quite big and numerous with bright red petals.
The flowers are typically extracted and used in traditional medicine across
native areas in the Philippines, China, and India. It has been known to have
medicinal properties that treat a range of ailments, including joint pain and
parasitic infections.

8. Narra
Scientific Name: Pterocarpus
indicus
Conservation Status:
Vulnerable

Known as the national tree of the

country, the Narra tree is a native
tree found in primary and
secondary forests at low and
medium altitudes throughout the
country. Highly sought-after for its purplish rose-scented hardwood, Narra’s
wood is often used in the furniture-making industry primarily because it is
generally termite-resistant. Narra trees also grow fragrant yellow or yellow-
orange flowers that bloom from February to May. Narra’s flowers are also a
good source of honey.