GARVEY'S VOICE

The Official Publication of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
new york may 2019 price $3.00

Marcus Garvey Malcolm X

3 From Marcus
to Malcolm
to Michael

Michael R. Duncan
 garvey's voice
May 2019

Page 3 President General

Hon. Michael R. Duncan
Page 6-7 Our Shining Black Prince
Born a UNIA baby and returned home
to the UNIA for fulfillment
Page 8-10 Campaign Finance Legislation
Page 11 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Page 12-13 How To Reclaim Artifacts
Page 14-15 Dr. Tony Martin Interview
Page 20 THE GREAT PYRAMID
Page 21 Why BLACK Businesses Fail

News Briefs
Pg 26-27 Azania Uprising
Was that the Plan?

BLACK HISTORY
Pg 16 African Queen
Foremost of Noble Ladies

Pg 17-18 African King

The World's First Multi-Genius

May 2019 new york garvey's voice price $3.00

official publication of the universal negro improvement association • african communities league
www.unia-aclgovernment.com
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president general hon. Michael r. duncan
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 May 2019 garvey's voice

reflections of an editor
“All of us may not live to see THE PEOPLE'S FORUM
the higher accomplishments of
an African empire, so strong
and powerful as to compel the
respect of mankind, but we in
our lifetime can so work and
act as to make the dream a possibility within another
generation.” So says the Hon. Marcus Garvey. That
means our success today is an absolute necessity so
as to lay the groundwork for the rebuilding of the
empire. We must first become an economic empire.
By that, we have to engage in commercial and
economic activities, and trade. To enhance our
culture we MUST advance our economic activities.
As an example, in 2400 BCE in Kemet, economics
was the driving force. The hold on the sea-coasts by
the Asian invaders not only blocked the Africans
from world trade, but that fact enabled the Asians
and coloureds to control the domestic economy in loving memory of Lucile DIRI [RICE]
frances Foster
indirectly. The record shows that every time this PEYI'M [AYITI]
Dear Editor: Mrs. Foster Dear Editor: Pa m nan se
Asian stranglehold was broken, African foreign trade instilled in her children to
flourished again and national prosperity began to diri peyi ak mixed
always be respectful of others
vegetables ak aransò.
rise. The South actually had all of Egypt (Kemet) at and to follow their own minds Dahoud André
its mercy. The South was the real source of Egypt's when it came to right and
wealth as it had been of Egypt's civilization. The gold wrong - not someone else's.
mines were there, and also it was where the vast She and her husband raised
their four sons to be True
stone quarrying, copper, and tin mining were carried
Black Men. Asé. RIP 3/24/19
on. Here most of the papyrus plants from which the
Africans invented paper and built the first and finest
boats from the same tough leaves. In short, Egyptian
foreign trade depended almost entirely on Southern
Ethiopia which led to the greatness of Kemet.
FACA ROC
We welcome letters to The People's Forum, but they must Dear Editor: I went by the
include (for verification purposes) the writer's name, ROC with Brother Runoko
address and cellular number. This includes letters sent via and Brother Duncan took
email. The name may be withheld upon request. Letters some pictures.
ANOTHER AMERICA: THE
signed simply 'Name Withheld' are not considered for print. STORY OF LIBERIA AND THE James McIntosh, MD
Letters should be as brief as possible, and, of course, all FORMER SLAVES WHO
letters are subject to editing. Letters containing the proviso RULED IT
'Do Not Edit' are not considered for print. Email letters to Dear Editor: Greetings. I hope
hch@unia-aclgovernment.com. you are feeling better health
wise. Yesterday I received a
HON. CARLOS COOKS copy of James Ciment's book on
Dear Editor: My research is basically done. Writing Liberia and started reading last
stage. If any research is left, it is that I am working on night. I will share with our study
additional request for FBI files. I have a first set of group over the coming weeks.
Clyde Banks, UNIA Saturday, May 25, 2019 in
documents. Need other documents I understand are
Washington, DC
available. PEDRO RIVERA, PhD
Charles Fleming
May 2019 garvey's voice
OMOWALE
In English, the name Omowale translates to "The son who has come home". It is common with Yoruba in Nigeria.
This was the appellation bestowed upon Malcolm X (born May 19, 1925) in Spring 1964 as he visited the Ibadan
University in Nigeria. Little did he know, but Malcolm X would return back home to the UNIA. Allow me to explain.
Both of his parents - his father, Reverend Earl Little, and his mom, Louise Little, were both UNIA members. In fact,
Earl Little was President of the UNIA Division that
he belonged to while his mom, Louise Little, was a
contributor to the Negro World newspaper as well
as the secretary assisting her husband as President of
the UNIA Division. As per the UNIA Historian, the
Hon. Marcus Garvey spent a night at the home of
the Littles as he visited the Midwest (of the USA) in
1922. More importantly, in the Autobiography of
Malcom X , on Page 1, in the first paragraph, it
states that the KKK [Ku Klux Klan] with their rifles
and guns surrounded the Littles' home (in Omaha,
Nebraska) while Louise was pregnant with Malcolm
to demand that Earl Little, who was at a meeting, to
cease and desist the preaching's of Marcus Garvey.
In the second paragraph, the reader learns that Earl
Little was a Baptist minister and a dedicated
organizer for Marcus Garvey's U.N.I.A. "With the
help of such disciples as my father, Garvey, from his
headquarters in New York City's Harlem, was
Sharing a laugh in Harlem (Hotel Theresa), October 19, 1960 raising the banner of Black-Race purity and exhorting
the Negro masses to return to their ancestral African homeland - a cause which had made Garvey the most
controversial Black man on earth. He (Earl Little) was from Reynolds, Georgia, where he had left school after the
third or maybe fourth grade. He believed, as did Marcus Garvey, that freedom, independence and self-respect could
never be achieved by the Negro in America, and therefore the Negro should leave America to the white man and
return to his African land of origin." On Page 3, "Our family stayed briefly in Milwaukee, for my father wanted to find
a place where he could raise our own food and perhaps build a business. The teachings of Marcus Garvey stressed
Visiting the Great Pyramid in Kemet

At Ibadan
University in
Nigeria

becoming independent of the white man. My father bought a house and soon, as had been his pattern, he was doing
free-lance christian preaching in local Negro Baptist churches, and during the week he was roaming about spreading
the word of Marcus Garvey. He never pastored in any regular church of his own; he was always a visiting preacher.
I remember especially his favorite sermon: That little black train is a-comin' … an' you better get all your business
right! I guess this also fit his association with the back-to-Africa movement, with Marcus Garvey's Black Train
Homeward ." Further on, the book states, "I knew that the collections my father got for his preaching were mainly
what fed and clothed us, and he also did other odd jobs, but still the image of him that made me proudest was his
crusading and militant campaigning with the words of Marcus Garvey." "One of the reasons I've always felt that
May 2019 garvey's voice
OMOWALE
my father favored me was that to the best of my remembrance, it was only me that he sometimes took with him to
the Garvey U.N.I.A. meetings which he held quietly in different people's homes. I noticed how differently they all
acted, although sometimes they were the same people who jumped and shouted in church. But in these meetings both
they and my father were more intense, more intelligent and down to earth. It made me feel the same way. I
remember seeing the big, shiny photographs of Marcus Garvey that were passed from hand to hand. My father had a
big envelope of them that he always took to these meetings. The pictures showed what seemed to me millions of
Negroes thronged in parade behind Garvey riding in a fine car, a big Black man dressed in a dazzling uniform with
gold braid on it, and he was wearing a thrilling hat with tall plumes. I remember hearing that he had Black followers
not only in the US but all around the world, and I remember how the meetings always closed with my father
saying, several times, and the people chanting after him, "Up, you mighty race, you can accomplish what you will!""
Malcom X was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. As per Malcolm X in The Ballot or the Bullet:
The economic philosophy of Black Nationalism only means
that we should own and operate
and control the economy of our community.
The political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means
that the Black man should control the politics and the
politicians in his own community.
The economic - The political philosophy of Black
Nationalism only means that we have to become involved in
a program of re-education to educate
our people into the importance of knowing that when you
spend your dollar out of the community in which you live,
the community in which you spend
your money becomes richer and richer;
the community out of which you take your money becomes
poorer and poorer.
And you and I are in a double-trap,
because not only do we lose by taking our money
someplace else and spending it,
when we try and spend it in our own community
we're trapped because we haven't had sense enough
to set up stores and control the businesses
of our community.
The man who's controlling the stores in our community is a
man who does not look like we do.
He's a man who doesn't even live in the community.
But the economic and political philosophy of
Black Nationalism shows our people the importance of
setting up these little stores and developing them and
expanding them into larger operations.
And you and I have to make a start and the best place SHOP AT THE
to start is right in the community where we live. R♦O♦C
May 2019 garvey's voice
The following are excerpts from the Dr. Tony Martin [TM] interview with noted betrayer
Stanley Nelson [SN] as Nelson prepared to attack Mr. Garvey in his 2001 documentary.
SN: What was the main problem with the Black Star Line?
TM: The main problem with the Black Star Line was government harassment. That
harassment began very, very early even before the first ship was bought. In addition to
government harassment, there was some dishonest employees who actually sabotaged some of
the ships and took kickbacks, inflated bills coming into Garvey and so on. But having said that,
one must say that the Black Star Line was a great success despite these problems.
SN: What do you mean that the Line was a great success?
Garvey managed to buy four ships over the years. They made successful journeys to Panama,
to Costa Rica, to Jamaica, to the Bahamas. They went up and down the eastern seaboard. On
one occasion, the Black Star Line brought 500 passengers from Panama to Santiago de Cuba.
So, in that sense it was a highly successful undertaking despite the ultimate failure.
SN: What was the reaction to the BSL (not just in the US but also in Latin America)?
TM: Garvey thought the Black Star Line was his greatest propaganda device of all. In many
countries hundreds of people came out to see the ships. In Harlem, hundreds of people came
out to see the ships. In Costa Rica, workers gave up their work for an entire day. They literally
showered the ships with fruits, with flowers. They actually took the ropes and pulled the ship in
along side you know manually, as some sort of their indication of their great enthusiasm.
Stevedores in Havana, Cuba bought thousands of dollars worth of shares in a matter of one
day. This gives you an idea of the enthusiasm.
SN: Was the Garvey movement a success or a failure?
Very few reformers ever live to see their movement achieve ultimate success. I would say that
Garvey was a great success. He built the largest pan African movement of all time. He
mobilized millions of people around the world in over 40 countries. He had over 1200
branches. He was able to build a Black Star Line Corporation. He was able to build the most
successful internationally distributed African newspaper in the world in his day: the Negro
World . He was able to mobilize what came to be known as the Harlem Renaissance. Many of
the major figures in the Harlem Renaissance did their apprentice writing in Garvey's organization.
He was able to influence a later generation. People like Malcolm X whose parents came out of
his movement, people like the Honorable Elijah Muhammad who was a member of his
movement in Detroit, people like Namdi Azikiwe, Governor General of independent Nigeria in
the 1960's, people like Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya. people like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana who
named his own shipping company the Black Star Line after Garvey's corporation. And the list
goes on and on. So Garvey was a great success.
SN: How did Marcus Garvey make being Black a virtue?
TM: One of Garvey's main idea was the notion of Race First. Garvey told Black people that they had to see physical
beauty in themselves. He refused to allow advertisements in his own newspapers that sort of brought the Race in disrepute.
For example in those days there were many ads that showed dark skin people and described them as ugly. He portrayed
Black skin people as beautiful. He told Black people that they should wear their hair naturally as possible although all the
women in the movement did not necessarily wear their hair natural. He told Black folks that they had to see God in
themselves. If God was a spirit, they had to portray God in their own image and likeness to look like themselves. He wrote
poetry that elevated the Black race. He wrote a famous poem that for example called the Black Woman . It begins: Black
Queen of Beauty, thou hast given color to the world. This may or may not be good poetry but the idea sort of made
Black folk feel good about themselves. He published photographs in his newspaper the Negro World showing beautiful
Black women. He though that Black men should take down white pinups from their walls. He wanted to provide them an
alternative. So he put pictures of beautiful Black women in his newspaper. He manufactured Black dolls so that young
Black girls could have images of beauty looking like themselves. These were some of the kind of things Garvey did.
And finally, Garvey sold the Black man to himself.