Razelle Joy C.

Rodriguez November 11, 2021

1 BSN – NB Ma’am Florence Baluran

Laboratory Assignment 10

1. Assume you have been chewing a piece of bread for five or six minutes. How
would you expect its taste to change during this time?
• As part of the starch is broken down into sugar owing to salivary amylase's
chemical digestion of carbs, the bread will begin to taste sweet. Because
polysaccharides are digested into disaccharide maltose with the aid of
salivary amylase, which is released together with saliva, the bread feels
sweet after a lengthy time of chewing. Because only amylase enzyme is
present in saliva, only sugars (polysaccharides) are digested in the mouth.
Salivary amylase, a salivary enzyme, begins to degrade the starch in your
bread before it goes from your mouth and down your esophagus. That is
where chemical digestion begins. A sandwich's chewed bulk is referred to
as a bolus.
2. The bowel(colon) occasionally can become impacted. Given what you know
about the functions of the colon and the factors that determine the movement of
substances across the colon wall, predict the effect of the impaction on the
contents of the colon above the point of impaction on the contents of the colon
above the point of impaction.
• Water, minerals, and electrolytes are removed from partially digested food
by the colon. Stool passes through the colon, is stored in the rectum, and
leaves the body through the anus. The digestive system includes the
colon. Your feces become dry and refuse to move when you have an
impacted colon. It'll be difficult to get them off your body. Feces that have
been impacted obstruct the passage of new waste out of the body,
causing it to back up.
3. Sometimes food becomes “stuck” in the esophagus. How does sipping a liquid
help the food become “unstuck”
 • A few large sips of liquids may aid in the removal of food lodged in your
esophagus. Saliva normally provides enough lubrication to allow food to
travel down the throat effortlessly. It's possible that your meal is overly dry
since it wasn't chewed correctly. Sips of water taken repeatedly may
moisten the trapped food, allowing it to pass more readily.
4. Some people claim that occasionally fasting for short periods can be beneficial.
How can fast be damaging?
• Fasting for a few days won't harm most healthy people as long as they
don't become dehydrated. Fasting over lengthy periods of time, on the
other hand, is harmful to your health. To keep healthy, your body need
vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients from diet. Dizziness, headaches,
low blood sugar, muscular pains, weakness, and weariness are all side
effects of fasting. Fasting for an extended period of time can cause
anemia, a weaker immune system, liver and kidney issues, and an erratic
heartbeat. Vitamin and mineral shortages, muscular breakdown, and
diarrhea are all possible side effects of fasting. If you undertake
intermittent fasting, you may encounter digestive disorders such as
constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and bloating. The reduction in food intake
that various intermittent fasting regimes entails may have a severe impact
on your digestion, resulting in constipation and other unpleasant side
effects.

5. Why can some people lose weight on a 1200 kcal/day diet but others cannot?
• According to several studies, weight reduction is about more than how
many calories a person consumes and burns. Depending on how many
calories a person consumes, the body's rate of calorie burning may alter.
As a result, someone on a 1,200-calorie diet may burn less calories.
Weight reduction may be slowed as a result of this. Another reason might
also be due to a stalled metabolism. being overly strict with your food and
exercise routine might cause your metabolism to slow down. If a 1,200-
calorie diet results in a calorie deficit of more than 1,000 calories and you
 exercise on top of that, your body may slow down the calorie-burning
process as it adjusts to the low calorie intake. Consider it a kind of self-
preservation.

According to an October 2016 paper in Obesity Reports, adaptive

thermogenesis generally happens shortly after initial weight loss, when
your metabolism slowly adjusts to meet your low calorie intake, causing
weight loss to stall or stop.

REFERENCES:

DerSarkissian, C. (2020, July 22). Are fasting diets safe and effective? WebMD.
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Jill Weisenberger, M. S. (2020, February 25). Food and our digestive tract. Innerbody.
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our-digestive-tract.

Kubala, J. (2021, April 23). 9 potential intermittent fasting side effects. Healthline.
Retrieved November 11, 2021, from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/intermittent-
fasting-side-effects.

Leaf Group. (n.d.). Eating 1,200 calories a day and not losing weight? here's why.
LIVESTRONG.COM. Retrieved November 11, 2021, from
https://www.livestrong.com/article/415893-eating-1-200-calories-per-day-
exercising-and-not-losing-weight/.

MediLexicon International. (n.d.). 1,200 calorie diet: Safety and how to do it. Medical
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20also%20suggests%20that,This%20can%20slow%20weight%20loss.
Osborn, C. O. K. (2019, March 8). Food stuck in throat when you can still breathe.
Healthline. Retrieved November 11, 2021, from
https://www.healthline.com/health/food-stuck-in-throat#medical-treatment.

Team, V. C. (2020, November 16). If you chew on a piece of bread long enough, it
begins to taste sweet because(a) maltose is formed by Maltase(b) fatty acids are
formed by lipase(c) disaccharides are formed by breaking down of Starches by
amylase(d) glucose is formed from disaccharides. If you chew on a piece of bread
long enough it begins class 11 biology CBSE. Retrieved November 11, 2021, from
https://www.vedantu.com/question-answer/if-you-chew-on-a-piece-of-bread-long-
enough-it-class-11-biology-cbse-5fb25347b8881b0c519f4840.

Zelman, K. M. (n.d.). Diet myth or truth: Fasting is effective for weight loss. WebMD.
Retrieved November 11, 2021, from https://www.webmd.com/diet/features/diet-myth-
truth-fasting-effective-weight-loss#1.