Razelle Joy C.

Rodriguez

BSN – 1NB

November 20, 2021

AHA MOMENT

Ludwig von Bertalanffy, a biologist, proposed systems theory in the 1940s. He is

widely regarded as the creator and primary author of comprehensive systems theory.
Systems Theory is described as a theory of homologies/isomorphisms that are
typical of the organization of "wholes". Systems in the domains of physico-chemical
sciences, biological sciences, social sciences, and humanities. It was seen as a
metatheory capable of uniting disparate disciplines, as well as a new world view –
and hence a new paradigm for all sciences and humanities. In my humble opinion, I
am astonished on the strengths it gives. One of the merits of systems theory is that it
allows for the investigation of interrelationships. Another significant advantage of
systems theory is that it defines the system in respect to its surroundings. As a
result, the company is obligated to investigate its relationship with the environment.

Another thing tackled in this week’s discussion was Kurt Lewin where he devised a
three-step change model namely; unfreezing, altering, and refreezing. The process
of change, according to Lewin, comprises first generating the notion that a change is
required, then progressing toward the new, desired level of conduct, and lastly
consolidating that new behavior as the norm. Habits and routines naturally develop
once a framework has been in place for some time. The company is on the right
track. People or procedures may have gotten off track, as depicted in the figure.
Tasks that are no longer relevant or beneficial, for example, are nonetheless carried
out out of habit, and no one questions their legality. Similarly, people may have
learnt to do things a certain way without considering alternative, more efficient
approaches. Unfreezing entails helping people get a fresh perspective on their daily
activities, unlearn negative habits, and consider new approaches to achieving their
goals. Current methods and procedures have a negative impact on the environment.

After this stage goes the Implementation stage where change can begin after team
members have opened their minds. The change process may be quite dynamic, and
it will almost certainly take some time and include a transition phase if it is to be
effective. People will have to take on new activities and responsibilities in order to
achieve efficiency, which will require a learning curve that will initially slow down the
organization. A transformation initiative must be considered as a long-term
investment. This procedure is time-consuming as well as resource-intensive. The
inevitable turmoil that follows the implementation of the new organization and
processes is unavoidable, but it is the price to pay for increased structure
effectiveness.
Lastly, Refreeze. Only if the adjustment is made permanent will it have its full impact.
Once the organizational changes have been implemented and the structure has
recovered its efficacy, every effort must be taken to solidify the changes and ensure
that the new organization becomes the norm. Later on, more adjustments might be
done. Still, "re-freezing" will allow employees to thrive in the new organization and
take full benefit of the shift after the structure has discovered a method to enhance
the way it conducts its operations. Many people describe the model as suggesting
that the third phase of this strategy is to re-freeze, when it was "freeze" in Lewin's
original paper.

Also discussed was Psychosexual Theory of Sigmund Freud. The oral, anal, phallic,
latency, and genital phases, according to Freud, are the five psychosexual stages in
which a child's psyche develops. Sexual energy (libido) is expressed in diverse ways
and through different regions of the body at different stages.

The first stage, which is called oral stage. Occurs at birth to 1 year where The libido
in a baby's mouth is concentrated in the first stage of psychosexual development.
Putting all sorts of items in the mouth to fulfill the libido and hence the id needs gives
the infant a lot of pleasure throughout the oral phases. Which are oral, or mouth-
oriented, at this period of life, such as sucking, biting, and nursing.

Oral stimulus, according to Freud, might lead to oral fixation later in life. Smokers,
nail-biters, finger-chewers, and thumb suckers are all examples of oral personalities.
Such oral habits are common with oral personalities, especially when they are
stressed. The next stage, named Anal Stage, 1-3 years where the libido becomes
centered on the anus during the anal stage of psychosexual development, and the
infant takes immense pleasure from defecating. The youngster is now fully aware
that they are individuals in their own right, and that their desires may conflict with
those of the outside world (i.e., their ego has developed).

This form of tension, according to Freud, usually comes to a head during toilet
training, when parents place limitations on when and where a kid can defecate. The
child's future connection with all types of authority is influenced by the character of
this initial clash with authority. The third stage called, Phallic Stage which comprises
of ages 3 to 6 years. The phallic stage is the third stage of psychosexual
development, lasting from three to six years, during which the infant's libido (desire)
is focused on the erogenous zone of their genitalia. The infant becomes aware of
anatomical sex differences, which puts in motion the Oedipus complex (in males)
and the Electra complex (in girls) conflict between sensual desire, resentment,
competition, jealously, and terror (in girls). This is handled through the identification
process, which entails the kid acquiring the same sex parent's traits. The Latency
Stage where it was discussed that The latency stage, which lasts six years until
puberty, is the fourth stage of psychosexual development. The libido is dormant at
this point, and no further psychosexual development occurs. Most sexual desires are
repressed during the latent stage, according to Freud, and sexual energy can be
channeled towards schoolwork, hobbies, and friendships. Much of the child's energy
is directed into learning new skills and expanding his or her knowledge, and play is
limited to youngsters of the same gender. Finally, The Genital Stage, which begins at
puberty, is the final step in Freud's psychosexual theory of personality development.
It's a period of adolescent sexual exploration, with the successful ending being
settling down in a loving one-on-one relationship with another person in our twenties.
Unlike during the phallic stage, sexual urge is geared toward heterosexual pleasure
rather than self-pleasure. Adults' sexual instincts should be expressed through
heterosexual intercourse, according to Freud. Fixation and conflict may impede this,
resulting in the development of sexual perversions.

Defense Mechanism was also discussed, and what stood out the most was Denial.
In my humble opinion, Denial is A defense mechanism in which one refuses to
acknowledge anxiety provoking stimuli. For me, this is the most relatable and easy to
relate to. Denial is described as a remark that contradicts someone or something
else, or a refusal to accept or believe anything. The denial of God's existence is an
example of a denial. A declaration that you don't agree with what has been
expressed about your behavior is an example of a denial. Another defense
mechanism is Repression. Growing up I had developed the phobia of darkness. The
ego's unconscious protective strategy for keeping upsetting or threatening thoughts
from becoming conscious is repression. Those thoughts that might cause the
superego to feel guilty are frequently suppressed. One good example is when an
adult who was bitten by a horrible spider as a child develops a severe phobia of
spiders later in life with no remembrance of the incident. He or she may not
comprehend where the phobia comes from because the memory of the spider bite
has been suppressed.