Modal -4 Beguence and Veries n Seguenwe. An infinite segeuente Siinply, 4 Seqeuunte in a definite 8 an assangenent of numbers cada. A sequence can be cvatlen as 4,03,43)-°° where a i called che ask tum 43 u Setond tern nh team and 60 %, an rr) LU can be conten as fan}, Fa) Ge foon-if ‘ “hen ahe deams of the Sequanee aw 13% 00 a tsk a J 1 je Teams one ay BEy : Convergene and diveag ence fa segeuner, bs: i A ey fan} is gard ty be convergent i fin an= & y where hk ta Shile no, nO pis calcd diveagent if, Lira I= © (dees aa. | | IPO — ; “eat —= ved 9 Determine ahethea he Felloccing cequen ts Conveiges 08 aivLges. ree @ fants Nei 00 bn a) 2m 2 = OLS n> noo antl aot! oo! 7 So we apply 4 “Hospitals ful, : Asin) no me = ar = = 4 (enn) a — do “he 4. convesge § (es) bin bn a ayo 130 ant ~ jeped) n(a+fy) nee if ee ee0) () fF s-anf, Que) 2. an = 6-200 n->00 coche sy a as n be W i a8 J =I Qin 2 _ hin Ma. = 1+3/n nso N43 n>co n(\+2n) lee oo ! —= he seq. gs é 4 20. cy ttf 4ntt n=l 2 \ 2 in = ue en a hae ee “00 4p ie| Ppeos.er A seq. Cos to a Limik kh, 1H de veg. oD. puen nenobesed teams and odd nenbesed 4esms both O78 BA. 2 check whethea the follecsing veg. gy a bys i 20 ¢ / io fev?” oe Gel, ty A at Consider the evn nenobered tegms ye Je ys Bane thi : Constr. the odd numbed terms =',-1,-1,.... il gs Coney. the Linck ae dheuntl, the eg. bys. GD Fes gh? Consr. the even new bered teams, LWT g2 Ye ee id gs th. 0. Cons). fe edd nanbewd teams, t,t ~l6,-- wt 5 te Ohod a Fr 38s 3h! L am = Bn a) ples tO. Asoo 2 gO ee Hers both odd numbered terms and evel nunobered teams C45 to 0. -he Ge 5e4,. oe, to oO. —_———ry p peteroine whether he Staresy Ys a bys wfit oe t 0,8, 0, 2, OR, - = dhe give Seq. oscillates by 0 And @ ste 0g. BS 0 i inn w ef, Luo i bet a0 Alon ap ; >o = Kin = Gh eae = 30. othe seares ys ed -Y(n+a) en & Nol wi) j hy 7 aa go cou Cra) = fun v(t - Yo)" (1+%) fae ee ee an are N00 = i: 4 ang fo MOOT en) a gp ea, d . den Ling an wm ne n> bee @ wo 7. nso & Sli SP (1 'Wospdals sus.) n 2 ee ”) fay ( } nso ©” Be as en oO 2 2X0: Bo ~ the se, cys to 0 w {cost ® NS ney ‘ y 10 ay. fain 868 Yn — aos 08 Wy ned = ———__ 7m. nw Yn : _ Sin T -T =}, ( : "h). ne ( r'Mospitals Pe) “Wate_ bin = on TT n> a 9 =. =: Sino 2-7 dos : = 6 00 to pola fn es he VP %HE0 -2 = (R50 -n) (130 +0) a ee he N°+3D tPA ag 2 =ny43an—-n? +B a an MAS, oa Ger Soa ny VO% 30 pgp tH lun a = 1 gi Zs; on 922 Un% 30 tN = 200 Ky *Z, 41 At = Ly _3 fee 232 VreZpy +1 Vit og +1 3 a » Sonia: gs & 2 =Pofirit Seaves : ‘an Wal @ 40 infiniti Sewes 19 ex pAess1a0 that hy he eositen no He doin, 2 Ut +- ez Uk: Kel te The 20.9 Ui, Ug, Ua, - au caled he Le of he Serres. hei op denok abe Sur of se initial Lei, of the veares Upto and jacluding Me term with index 1. Thus, Sa Sa= U4 Ug S83 = Ut 4Q4 Sy = heat --- +n, G ts cated the 1” potbal San of be seues and he ce. [Sof & cdlod he segtten ce of portal Stuns. If $94 gst a lini &then the sesies w gud b & ad g ts called the aun of -he werves. & $= EF tr. k=)yr gp ben BE pal es ie ee Pe js oid to dveige and @ bergen pitt fas 10 ttn, felti-iltl--- air The 504. of partal sams 21, O-- 495. > the Serres As. x boometare Series. Tf the wninal team of a estos /s a’ Md aah team 18 obtained bg moaltiplying We procedling tea by 41 chen Ut & Caled & geamelsic geses and il fas te farm, 2 zat = a taht Qr--: + heater - Convesgence of genetic SOMES. 4 gconnetare SOULS FAA HAUT GF bleh oma gs af fal > Ji Ho the Seaies GS, then the sang 1s fim 6 4 & I-k beeSavy 2 petesmine echeboes te telocoing sees Feo JP ak G3, theo fnd the sur). OP 2° tebh+ Bt kzo 4% + se a-f, wee FG cgs Sam - # oe ae ie 14 2 (2)" ee (ashley oe “(2)” se Hla 3 a e als Ge San = —* Cae 5) ne \- 4/4 ele 5 ( C Ke a) - (#) (=) “5 - (2)? C3)? +(4)"*a-@)", pa Jal -2 zt the cagits ags al I-K 0 OX ae = kei Ms ~~» a A t x kK ul] i = 9.6 tg GB git = 72% aa t- Ga aoe 4 p42 _ 7 Jal = 2 i, : the Sones ays. : i k 4 | wo & ae a deep Foe BP i, ght 7? 7! ze | 3 4 Dah = = laf e284 Sik @s poet og ME ! 4 2-3 3 |ee ee ay * P_ Sehieg psesies 1S a inhnih Sees of Me Pay tt ! 2 ! KO ee gee okie Ma~ K * Theoson — Conv eagen of p-seates 0 | : >! and A po seaies Zee. I ue kz gs of pel. 2. fos cach of the give pee? idlenbly A and detesmine cohethea the Seaies ue : (ies i P34 <1 dys Ws ys Pep >) po tgs ae ‘a J al W 3 = FET = 2 0% f= >) ae qs Bl, | ames v2 ke hee 1 Ogs As (ak pes. : a ag wre # Hasmontc Seaies . i A P-Seares corp pel ¢s knocn as Hammic: ; , suies. cba fasmenic serves 43 of Me tw, Ma x\~ |= rs A hauon’c Seares 15 @ divesgent Seaies.Convergena of pve tern ae 4 + Ratio test lel Seu be a series cylh 4+ve foams “ad uppase at phage! bse UK LF ¥<1, chen the Seuees 98 OT 31 en he sevtes dys Wt P=! | en po test faib + Root fest he Ste be a weries with +ve dorms and Sppose that, : Ns Klue = ho (Ue) k>a Ot PEI, then the server cas Ow P>1, phen the Seater dys WIF Pet, then tho st fails. + i thst ket 2 ae and oh be seates caith sve tows kei and. Suppose that géh, for al k. /beoise 4 Wit the bigger seater Sh C7, Men te Smakea Seaces Day also oe. (bit de Smaller sees Sexy ys, Shr Be. bigg e4 eM es Zh qlso oe « kind - Gurpasivon fast ft Xa amd Shy be too ceaces cold tve teams ard Suppose Hat 2 hg, & Th - ae He 4?) Fak and Poe, Men foth Ube series COOv Cage On eye : ; © Detcsmune we = k= VK -Yo &.- Vk- Yo 1 #1 fot by = Veo oR which 43 a pers witb pele aly . tt dogs. Abe d & 0d bx teeta 0 (hw We © oO Use «Hospitals Aule . bin 4 Be pie AUR ey ze lek : by eats Counpasisen ust — bolh Sones cos on gs tegetbes Less by = ah ts 4 peseawes col 2%) . 4k digs. beth Series des.LY 9S Kel / foe ts Hl — > Bish \.« K vk +l ” Uk fs Prog PA CDi ts. aq / Te * Bis SOR OS Malo: eat fone) bx k2% = Uk chia | Se pur uk kx vk tl = ue Kee Jie C+ Wi) 1D shah ko Ak PTO 5 @ bq Laat e Coupponiser Test — fob Sues ops 0 dgs ageless | Here by = e ay on : wohich oa PEE) wilh pe “vehi gen SOAS dosee SOD. OKT key i L a es ee te ay » Fen ky) | Pets Meet fy. KE kn Ate k>oo (kif 2 hin. els Sd ONS koe K+ 0D “Theo by Rawetio Lost the ge SCC as, K AK-5 ” a a) K-5 4 dx = ae Qktt J: fun f@ De K>00 . af 4K-5 yy AHS Ik K+ Okt! ko 24+ Vk s 2.6 out 2 gee Qyo a Then by nook fest the gfe? seaies ays; # kil a (Au) A jp. he Beko len 3 Ga EL k00 Ak eS a at k>00 (el oe ofp AE or ) Lr brea (Kk 11)eh _ fo A k - fe Ct) 1G) _ Luo eS eh ery) iso RY pee = Wo (%) x ae EZ ko ; = e227 eee zy =e@ 2 bq, patio fest,the Given Stites eg $s.: (2 (ev)! eal af | i | Pa fria OR (ey A>0 4, Tyo kt! (ax)! | ein RBI! | KFOO oo pe | 4 (wl | - Lio ie (2k) Corr) Ds seta 4 koro | - 2 4 Gennesa 9 oS oe — kt! gq Mp = aqk aa & a4 KE ) Ke oes (kn)! } fz Lun WK 4) : qq** . al k>00 Ok koe (KH)! ae 7 94 ae Oat dhe Sears Fee2 ar kel . k kal 7 1 a sas Rep op k Kd Kar (Ke) ! ' K+ i 2. lim Qe) - fro a os ks ak k-7 08 (ea! Z Belli A a ty ey k>oo KH 8 a by Aatio fast , the Senies ae g oo 8k aK EG b # bE KK tea, a = 2 ay 3 Spe. aa = 52 kei k= S 7 20s = I> Ki which aba pr ben ee coh fl" ae Si Oss Kolee Ler Mk _lua 3k o Qk 4 kee 6K. FkYO 1 TRI HG /! eto 3k7_ ak 4K? KTR op x a bin, BH ez) k ee Be C- Va t Wet) 1 fo 3-%¥E + UF I~ Wyn + Ug? - the genres cgé of Ags fegelbea otk gow eeaes CGS 20 < 3 Ge S bel ae ee kr ra PEF bet Ka pa senes ath prt 5 be Gey ah _ fw ve k>® bk a 4K CK + ‘300 ekt4k = £ poe & . Bolb — Seates gS ‘ given seges Ke os is & “eS ok dys together Ce ow Vep2 fey 0 -f t ne =o a~o (An) kK] : k f Fe k3o0 (kik gp' Kerek® - fe (k (Ree 90 (Kt, kuy* @ ey! jas * £900 (ku)* 2 hin « ko [kt oO ok (2k+1) fo ar =0 Lede PE 1.3... (2k-1) af G&+)-1) q Cy Uecry ba Ck) kay lin 1-3... (cei-1) Ks bk Bek IB. (@k-1)yr ee Kt Dips hk FL Nag)s a BY - bo | aK +1 4200 K@r Yk) = Best, am by patio test fhe Seles ops. * Diveng en a Test. Theoner @if ws {ke #0, then the sores ze doe. Kz 5 a vy 2, ii OF Hos dk =0 the seals ¥ gp may, bes converge os deiesge oO. Kk eg!- ee d J seh kei meek BK+f Lin / n= hwo K = kin ko KO ky Kae FL KR he setos. dys. ete YH the senres OS, bi . eno. the k Cat be Stated .Altesnating Besos blo we and Gases whose teams attesnate ve ate called attesnating Searls » In genesal, tbe attesnating. gontes Bas oy of He lwo Pine ; h 2 KAI ir CU = 4g +45 -4g tS 7 wy DW “A = 4 +439 -4g tag 2. - ket whete &'s ae we to botd cases. a I= Yo + Vg lg: on Kebrite lest Atteanating senes list An altexnatiang SCH es os wf he Jotowng fo cncttine ae cetifed @ bw ax =9 k> D242 2+ She. FL a altexnatiog. csestes Vokles ang of these @ ConditO05, pen po sozips deNA A Use atlennating Seas test on Ledboutl hd | 7 ge hat He folleasng cents Ys /dor OF cw kK kel / y = ae H ae 2) s Ole, - foe ~? eee pag ples GB. ach Oker fF, er = Gy 1 HHO SPs Be > Aas 5b Ba decacasing capaci he fiveo altesnatng senies | sotshes bob condi tian of Lodbule test, oi Cas pO KH Keo Y rey ol" Ae Kt k Ckt1) Oho ae = Lin KtZ k2 KKH)} Qk = ke 3 WAL = OSEE GW) Jerre) & 4 k+4 cy Ss . O fio gd ak Kee) Ce+2) a Gres kee &r3)lere) KCK, oe ~ +4 Po a K4 5 K+ 6 fe > Akt sly atecnaig, sever tt He Gren SCMOS Gis ey oR COX Cy kU ket Gkt Og = Katt 7 4ey = ATP 4K Ces @fin te bro Ke Di ko kod 4K 41 ee lhe eeéros dys (in Sy"e Bia ~O. 00 rato a Gage OF ‘wt / — OO A ae de > Mk+ : by koibpile ast, he soues GS. oO. kt Kel (0. a) Terr O fio ee ben Kt 2 btn boo peo Ue Deke? ae 8 GCMs dos fi, 20. if 0 5 yee =I Qk = o k O fin Ge =. him. k>@ O 4 oe J; aresa - fo 4 A Dk, AW ak kK =o — by Ckn) k Lo (kn) At dubsti k= F- 4 met Lo F = hog 2/. gh Ft dk > CKel : by Kubrite test, He Sones He. * Absolute Conveagen 00 A Series > Ue = Ut Ug #3. kz *e gata to Conveswye absolutely if the cesies of absolut values, © SS lug oq + Jeigf ee. + [Melee ket 7 converges and is said to ane abs oluutoley if -the seates of absolute values diverges = AO t-: eSyr 9, peteamning coheler the Aaloaing sores. Converge abaplelely - co dey a Nahe eli ie the Oi g oce Mga ot ange The weates of absolute oe 48 ae le - als Its cb 5 kG ms + = = 3 x kei wf which 45 a Geemnetate seates coth Ampal. ade gearos of absolute values cos . he ge wehios ds ab eolttly convergent We VE} (i I-Z 15 = 73 The eentes of absolut valews ws, i t ae" / 1 lp Hp ah ehh et. BL atg ty ok ket ee hich 4g a hamon’c seatos and at dvage ft the given SOares diveages absolulely™% Theorem) i) Tf the sestes > Ieyl ENCES, wen kal © So does the estos S “kh. k=1 Ratio test fos gbsolab Convespente Lee Ste be a sens wilh non-Kezo wp (en) terms and stppose at oe hip °o Tag? @1F Pst, eo the sestes Tle GS ' absolately and Wesefore ws: OY Prt, sis Pe tO, son FU dys Ov Pel no conclusion gbout- conweggene at absolut convergence an be dtadd fron Wis Cast:” 9 Use Bato fost tos absolub Convesgena tb diamine cohetbos Ape seontes cowesged Dik k x 626 "i ke kel k+ Kk = tee B= jdry = ED kK) Cen)! k k+l Jax] = = OV de a1 f= (ke) / fin Mes) gy ko psa (kt)! [ax | ak Ki / = Lin ak? k/ %, the weaces 9s absoleitly -: the Ge SCAles OSwm 2 yk Gey! M > (cv — fel 3 kl A = cyt Ca! 2 Ges) = & i Ger wy Ge : ght! 2a" bk +i! gkt/ [a1 = @k-y)} a ae) < Gah, gk ght lin Fad 2 tip Ct! kom 1% ksco gktl Gay I gk ~ Lo @x+1) z eh k>0Q0 —~=— x ght (®k-1 4h we ak (xn) 3 cons the weeates aes absolaely. -. che given seaies das ——Condthonal Convercuncn. A Series £g Uk = vs said Converge cnd:tanally ee ‘Y he Staite FS tp ae but the seates of absolué valews 5 af divenges . oe & a series 1% cndhanall Convegept if Me GMCS Cones ges babe Avesses absdltly. 2 Classify each series as abseletaly meget, coe canceagent OL Te () : en dj | ket 4B | & co | Pa |a/ gs. . the given Sones ab solulely @OE coX Hk K=3 kK ag = (y tok kK lax] = ook © 3 : \ Ee 64 “hasmonée series — vohich bys. Ks) : a J2A] a aloo aye. ache given Sesies gs cndbenat nl 00 (ty) > £05 ‘=I cos K ane to Paes (es Ke- bg Comparison test, pec ake 6. | : the Given Seats ys absohitly . a Sik w 2 ye dy = S04 ; ||» 4] . if, [mel «ea, Ig gs by P -tst. re M4 conpaaisen “lst , 7a) gf. | othe given Len es Gs absolecily 4 we Ku we kal Sin kt - Ja | Ge aes : / Sin Kt ! Ka < oF ; hich Gp fon anisan test, Tho % = (-y eo. absolute t.w SOE k= gy winpfactivee gaa 9 , e a kel liso SW. ce 5 Bleeady dow 2 fe ays " nm) “dhe. giveo Seas es gs condihiaoaly