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 Modern Strip Production TRY FOR FREE

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Abstract: Search Knowledge Base

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Compact Strip Production (CSP) is a novel technology developed in
1980s for casting-hot-rolling of thin slabs. It is new technological
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innovation following converter steelmaking and continuous casting Search by
Keywords Abstracts
technology in steel industry. This technology provides a more compact
line and a more simple procedure as compared with the traditional
Finding casting materials in the Total
hot rolling technology.
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Introduction The Total Materia (page.aspx?ID=Home&LN=EN)

database contains many thousands of casting

The strip casting process that can produce steel strip directly from molten materials across a large range of countries and

steel thus bypassing the hot rolling process has been a dream of steel
engineers since Henry Bessemer published his theory in 1856. Since the late
1980’s the development or near net shape casting regained momentum, and
this lead to the revival of twin-drum (or twin-roll) casting machines of the
Bessemer type.
Compact Strip Production (CSP) is a novel technology developed in 1980s for
casting-hot-rolling of thin slabs. It is new technological innovation following
converter steelmaking and continuous casting technology in steel industry.
This technology provides a more compact line and a more simple procedure
as compared with the traditional hot rolling technology.
standards.
Where available, full property information can be
viewed for materials including chemical
composition, mechanical properties, physical
properties, advanced property data and much more.
Using the Advanced Search page, it is possible to
search for materials by their key descriptive words
detailed in the standard title by using the Standard
Description function of Advanced Search.
It maybe that you need to further narrow the search

The Main Technical Features of CSP criteria by using the other fields in the Advanced
Search page e.g. Country/Standard.

The CSP concept is based on the designs of Schlömann Siemag Ag (SMS) in Then click Submit.
Germany, where it was tested on a pilot plant basis starting in 1985.
Marketed by SMS/Concast, the first commercial unit was ordered by NUCOR
late in 1986, and construction was started at Crawfordsville, Indiana, in the
fall of 1987. In July 1989, the first compact strip production (CSP) plant started
up and a year later, in June 1990, profitable operations were first attained.
The steelmaking section of Nucor’s CSP plant consists of two ABB-supplied,
Fuchs constructed electric arc AC furnaces with water cooled side walls and
roofs, oxy fuel burners, and eccentric bottom tapping.

After steelmaking, the liquid is teemed into the tundish of the caster, after
A list of materials will then be generated for you to
which it is solidified to the desired thickness of 40 to 70 mm. The slab is then
choose from.
sheared to the proper length and transported to the tunnel or equilibrating
furnace normally set at 1150°C. At this point, the slab exhibits an austenite
grain size of 500-1000 μm.

After the 20 minute residency time in the furnace, the slab exits the furnace,
is crop sheared, and then enters the finishing mill at approximately 1000°C.
After the slab passes through the finishing mill of 5, 6 or even 7 stands, it
enters the run-out table (ROT) where it undergoes cooling to the coiling
temperature, after which it is coiled to room temperature. This process is
shown schematically in Figure 1.
After clicking a material from the resulting list, a list
of subgroups derived from standard specifications
appears.

From here it is possible to view specific property

data for the selected material and also to view
similar and equivalent materials in our powerful
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 For example, by clicking on the chemical
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of an integrated production line of the hot-rolled
composition link on the subgroup page it is possible
plates in the CSP (Compact Strip Production) process.
to view chemical composition data for the material.
As mentioned above, the most CSP plants have 6 stands, with small portion
of them which use 5-stand or 7-stand layouts. CSP plants come with profile
and flatness control systems adopting the well known CVC technology for
adjustment.

The systems enable defined profile heights to be set for the finished strip
irrespective of the distribution of pass reductions in the mill. Elastic
deformation and thermal crown and roll wear are assessed by the profile and
flatness control system and compensated when presetting the roll gaps.

Compensation for roll gap presetting for the undesired profile and flatness For you’re a chance to take a test drive of the Total
resulting from: Materia (page.aspx?ID=Home&LN=EN) database, we
invite you to join a community of over 150,000
Changes in the elastic deformation of the set of rolls
registered users through the Total Materia Free
Changes in the thermal crown Demo. (page.aspx?ID=Register&LN=EN)
Changes in the roll crown caused by wear.

For Nucor’s installations, a newer technology called PFC-CFC was available,

based on the combination of the contour and flatness control with the so-
called contour and flatness control systems. The contour and flatness control
system is designed for the purpose of eliminating any profile anomalies
resulted roll wear and thermal crown. Such roll wear and thermal crown are
likely to occur when rolling is done either with constant width or with
changing widths over extended periods of time.

For high pressure de-scaling ahead of the rolling mill, there are 400 bar
variable pressure pumps for recent installations, or 250 bar high pressure
pumps for older ones. If requested, for example for rolling some sensitive
grades, a roller side guide (edger) is available to be installed in front of stand
F1 for improved guidance and edge quality, etc.

In most plants, production capacity is about 1 million tons per year, ranging
from 0.9-1.5 million tons/year. Slab dimensions range from 40 to 70 mm in
thickness and 900 to 1600 mm in width in the most of installations. Minimum
finish size of strip is from 1.2 mm to 2 mm in most cases; newer mills usually
have thinner finish size. Heat size usually is 120 to 180 tons, ranging from less
than 100 tons to over 200 tons.

In-line Strip Production

Almost at the same time developing of CSP process, the In-line Strip
Production (ISP) was under intensive development by then Mannesmann
Demag AG and Arvedi Group. Now, the both technologies have since long
achieved worldwide recognition.

Though there are slight differences in the layouts of the two strip production
technologies, they both cast the steel into a thin gage, reheat it, and roll it into
finish gage in a limited number of passes, thus greatly reducing the
production stages and lower the energy consumption. Continuous casting
and rolling steel strip was a revolution in steel industry at the end of the last
century. Some thin gauges that conventionally have to be produced by cold
rolling, can be obtained now from hot rolling with the new CSP or ISP process,
which can roll 1.2 mm now and maybe 0.7-0.8 mm in the future.
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 One of the most striking characteristics of the ISP process is the overall
compactness of a plant. A plant with a line length of only 180 m from liquid
steel to hot-rolled output today is 50% above its original design capacity of
0.6Mt/yr. However, the extended commissioning at Cremona (Italy) combined
with the declining financial fortunes of Mannesmann Demag hampered sales
opportunities for ISP technology during a period of global mini-mill expansion
in the early- to mid-1990s; nevertheless several other ISP installations are
now operational. For example, Posco’s Kwangyang works in South Korea
operates a twin-strand ISP, while Saldanha Steel in South Africa and Corus’s
Ijmuiden works in the Netherlands are equipped with single strand units.

An Example of Plant Features

The production of steel at Acciaieria ISP di Cremona commences with the
charging of a 110t, 110MVA EAF equipped with eccentric bottom tapping,
using scrap stored in a covered scrap yard. There is an average of 25 heats
per day, and liquid steel is refined in two 18MVA ladle furnaces before casting
in a multi-bending mould with servo-hydraulic oscillation and an exit
thickness of 70mm.

The slab undergoes soft reduction as it travels down the 5.2 m radius caster,
to emerge at a speed of 5.5 m/min and at a maximum thickness of 55 mm.
The tundish nozzle is designed to ensure homogeneous shell growth and the
casting of long sequences.

Immediately on leaving the caster the slab enters a 3-stand roughing mill for
reduction to a 10–18 mm thick transfer bar, which is then cut-to-length by a
transverse pendulum shear. Liquid core reduction allows the production of a
homogenous steel slab of high cleanliness, virtually free of segregation and
with good grain refinement to give better mechanical characteristics to the
finished steel. Also, the combination of liquid core reduction with the direct
entry of the slab into the roughing mill brings energy saving advantages over
conventional interrupted rolling sequences.

After passing through an induction heating furnace to raise the steel

temperature by 150–250°C, the transfer bar reaches the “Cremona furnace”.
This unit comprises two coilers housed in insulated chambers, or boxes, and
while one coiler is accepting and coiling a transfer bar arriving from the
induction furnace, the other is decoiling the previous transfer bar to feed the
hot-rolling mill.

The steel is de-scaled at high pressure before entering a 5-stand hot mill
equipped with work roll shifting and bending plus automatic gauge control
on all 4-high stands. A mill entry gauge of 20mm or less enables Arvedi to
produce hot-rolled strip down to 1mm in a single pass with high profile and
gauge precision, a crown level of 1–3%, low surface roughness and good cold
deformability.

The dimensional tolerances of the hot-rolled strip are comparable with those
of cold rolled product, with 1–1.2mm gauge coil showing a flat transversal
value when measured 25mm in from the strip edge.

Tests on the finished product by other steelmakers around Europe have

confirmed its suitability for galvanizing, shaping, welding and cold rolling, and
reports from two German research institutes note the high degree of
consistency in the mechanical characteristics, the low surface roughness, the
crystalline structure, and the similarity of the steel formability curve to that of
a cold-rolled product.

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 A great feature of the ISP is the short production circle compared with the
traditional processes and the cast-rolling capability compared with other new
processes. The overall ISP plant is only 180 meter long from liquid steel to
finished coil, with a production cycle of only 15 minutes. Production capacity
is in the range of 0.7-0.9 million tons for one casting line, and up to 2 million
tons for two casting lines. Several key features of ISP are summarized in the
Table 1.

Table 1: Key features of ISP process.

ISP Conventional
Capacity 0.8 - 2 M t/y 3.5 - 4 M t/y
Energy consumption 100% cold charging
50%
(CC+Rolling) 80% hot charging
Liquid to coil yield 1.025 - 1.030 1.040 - 1.060
Thin gauges produced 1.2 mm
1.7 - 3 mm
without additional costs possible 0.7 - 0.8 mm
Investment intensity 40 - 60% 100%
100% cold charging
Conversion cost 40 - 50%
75% hot charging

Date Published: Apr-2010

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