CAUSES OF BLOCKAGE

1.Fecaliths: Hardened fecal matter.

2.Intestinal worms: Parasitic infestations.
APPENDICITISInstructor: Audai hayajneh
PATHOLOGY
Appendicitis is triggered by luminal obstruction,
leading to mucus accumulation creating a favorable
3.Tumors: Rarely, tumors in the GI tract. Abdulrahman Nasser Qaddoura -

environment for bacterial growth, such as E.coli.

Rana Muhammad Bani Bakar
4.Enlarged lymphoid follicles: Inflammation of Continued inflammation can result in purulent
Shatha Muhammad Al-Dhayab
lymph nodes in the wall of the appendix. buildup within the appendix, raising intraluminal
Hossny Ismail Jarrad
-

pressure and the potential for rupture.

Malak Muhammad Al-Nahari -

Osama Nasser Ahmed

~
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS immediate
MEDICAL INTERVENTION
1- Surgery: the surgical removal of the appendix
Pain that may start at the belly button and
NURSING INTERVENTIONS

↓
indecated

(appendectomy) it’s the principal intervention for

as it develops shifts to the LRQ, Pain with jarring treating & preventing appendicitis.
movements, Nausea and vomiting, Loss of
PRE:
aestetia
POST:
unfavorable -

appetite, fever, Constipation and diaries,
bloating,Guarding on abdominal palpation.
Maintain NPO status.
Initiate IV access and administer IV fluids.
place pt in high fowlers position.
administer opioid analgesic.
Old method
↓ general
- Laparotomy: open abdominal surgery, pose high
risk for complication. (Highly invasive) RLQ
Favorable

Avoid administering cathartics or enemas. - Laparoscopy: alternative to open surgery. works

increase food&fluid intake gradually.
Assess and treat the patient's pain. by inserting a laparoscope, a tiny lighted camera,
teach pt when he can resume activity.
COMPLICATIONS
-

through a small “keyhole” incision in your

teach pt&family about appropriate diet:
record I&O.
-

abdomen. (Minimally invasive) early return

should include: buttermilk, brown rice,
-

normal
teach pt&family wound care:
76
until activites
& iven
1-Pus can enter the bloodstream, causing a uivegetable juice, ginger, mint, high fiber diet. 2-Antibiotics thereby: this option is for patients
Surg

wash the area with warm, soapy water 24 to

septic shock due to the presence of bacterial who can't undergo surgery, if appendicitis was
should avoid: fried food, Alcohol, fatty oi48 hours after your surgery, Keep the area
toxins in the blood. detected early or was less severe, risk for
jjjfood, sugar. iiiclean and dry.
↓ 24 reoccurrence. Prophilates ↓5 days
Prophilatis
-

infection perforated
2- The bacteria can reach the peritoneum, Sur site
perforated + T
+ non

triggering a lethal inflammation known as CONTRAINDICATIONS TO SURGERY-E

peritonitis. 1. Severe peritonitis. ~
2.Unstable hemodynamics: patient's blood pressure,
heart rate, or breathing is unstable. temporary until Stabra
3- Abscess formation: This is a localized
3. Inability to tolerate anesthesia. anaphy lactic reaction
collection of pus that can form in the abdomen.
or

4. Pregnancy.
Laxatives given in this instance may result in perforation of the inflamed appendix. In general, a laxative or cathartic should not be given when a
person has fever, nausea, and abdominal pain.
 Peritonitis: Peritonitis is a serious infection that occurs when the appendix ruptures and spreads bacteria into the
abdominal cavity. In severe cases of peritonitis, immediate surgery may not be feasible due to unstable medical
conditions or extensive spread of infection. In these situations, initial treatment may involve stabilizing the patient with
intravenous antibiotics and fluids before performing a delayed appendectomy once the patient’s condition improves.

Pregnancy: Appendicitis can occur during pregnancy and may require surgical intervention. However, performing an
appendectomy during pregnancy carries additional risks due to the physiological changes that occur in a pregnant
woman’s body. The risks associated with surgery and anesthesia must be weighed against the potential risks of leaving
an inflamed appendix untreated.

2. Severe Medical Conditions: In some cases, individuals with severe medical conditions may not be suitable
candidates for surgery. Conditions such as advanced heart disease, severe respiratory problems, or liver failure may
increase the risks associated with anesthesia and surgery. The decision to perform an appendectomy in these cases
must be carefully evaluated by a medical professional weighing the risks and benefits.
 CAUSES OF BLOCKAGE
1.Fecaliths: Hardened fecal matter.
2.Intestinal worms: Parasitic infestations.
APPENDICITISInstructor: Audai hayajneh
PATHOLOGY
Appendicitis is triggered by luminal obstruction,
leading to mucus accumulation creating a favorable
3.Tumors: Rarely, tumors in the GI tract. Abdulrahman Nasser Qaddoura
environment for bacterial growth, such as E.coli.
Rana Muhammad Bani Bakar
4.Enlarged lymphoid follicles: Inflammation of Continued inflammation can result in purulent
Shatha Muhammad Al-Dhayab
lymph nodes in the wall of the appendix. buildup within the appendix, raising intraluminal
Hossny Ismail Jarrad
pressure and the potential for rupture.
Malak Muhammad Al-Nahari
Osama Nasser Ahmed
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS MEDICAL INTERVENTION
1- Surgery: the surgical removal of the appendix
Pain that may start at the belly button and
as it develops shifts to the LRQ, Pain with jarring
NURSING INTERVENTIONS (appendectomy) it’s the principal intervention for
treating & preventing appendicitis.
movements, Nausea and vomiting, Loss of
appetite, fever, Constipation and diaries, PRE: POST: - Laparotomy: open abdominal surgery, pose high
bloating,Guarding on abdominal palpation. Maintain NPO status. place pt in high fowlers position. risk for complication. (Highly invasive)
Initiate IV access and administer IV fluids. administer opioid analgesic.
Avoid administering cathartics or enemas. - Laparoscopy: alternative to open surgery. works
increase food&fluid intake gradually.
Assess and treat the patient's pain. by inserting a laparoscope, a tiny lighted camera,
teach pt when he can resume activity.
COMPLICATIONS teach pt&family about appropriate diet:
record I&O.
through a small “keyhole” incision in your
abdomen. (Minimally invasive)
should include: buttermilk, brown rice,
teach pt&family wound care:
1-Pus can enter the bloodstream, causing a uivegetable juice, ginger, mint, high fiber diet. 2-Antibiotics thereby: this option is for patients
wash the area with warm, soapy water 24 to
septic shock due to the presence of bacterial who can't undergo surgery, if appendicitis was
should avoid: fried food, Alcohol, fatty oi48 hours after your surgery, Keep the area
toxins in the blood. The major complications of appendicitis are gangrene or perforation detected early or was less severe, risk for
jjjfood, sugar. iiiclean and dry. reoccurrence.
2- The bacteria can reach the peritoneum,
triggering a lethal inflammation known as CONTRAINDICATIONS TO SURGERY
peritonitis. Perforation generally occurs within 6 to 24 hours after the onset of pain and leads to peritonitis
1. Severe peritonitis.
2.Unstable hemodynamics: patient's blood pressure,
heart rate, or breathing is unstable.
3- Abscess formation: This is a localized
3. Inability to tolerate anesthesia.
collection of pus that can form in the abdomen.
4. Pregnancy.