OB Chapter 6

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS
POWER AND POLITICS IN

AN ORGANIZATION

What is Stress?

THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING STRESS
– It can cause
– Increased levels of stress have also been associated

with adverse effects on
– Certainly, such factors severely limit the potential

success of an organization.
.
– Many modern organizations spend a great
deal of money treating stress-related
employee problems through medical
programs, and they must absorb expensive
legal fees when handling stress-related
lawsuits.

• Stress can be
called .
1. Organizational stressors:

a. Task demands
– The more interdependence between an employee’s

tasks and the tasks of others is, the greater the
potential for stress.
– So, too, can working in an overcrowded room or

in a visible location where interruptions are
constant.
b. Role demands:
–
c. Role conflicts:
.
d. Interpersonal demands:
e.

f. Organizational leadership

2. Personal factors

• Physical
• Psychological
• Behavioral-
– Changes in

a methodology to integrate body and mind and
achieve a required level of harmony with the God.
Meditation involves sitting at quite place,
closing eyes and concentrating on some symbol with
uttering of simple world like ‘OM’. It is aimed at total
concentration thus forgetting routine situations.is
combination of body, concentration of mind on a
particular symbol, utterance of words, regulating of
breathing thereby achieving a total concentration of body
and mind to achieve a super natural personal power.

• Organizational Level Strategies

– They should be provided with suitable time to time
counseling by way of advice, reassurance, good
communication, release of emotional tension and clarified
thinking. Re-orientation is important to keep employees
free of stress for increased productivity.
• The
–
• It’s not something that can be physically touched or
seen, but employees perceive it on the basis of what they
experience within the organization.
• It’s concerned with how members perceive the culture

and describe it, not with whether they like it.

– Expresses the core values that are shared by a
majority of the organization’s members.
• Subcultures
– Mini- cultures within an organization, typically
defined by department designations and
geographical separation.
• Core values
– The primary or dominant values that are
accepted throughout the organization.
• Culture is a liability when

An organization’s culture can often be described
in terms of
: the degree to which

management focuses on results rather than on
processes.
– People orientation: the degree to which
management decisions take into
consideration the effect of outcomes on people
within the organization.
the degree to which work
activities are organized around teams rather
than individuals.
the degree to which people are
aggressive and competitive rather than
easygoing.
the degree to which organizational
activities emphasize maintaining the status
quo in contrast to growth.
The degree to which
individuals identify with the
organization as a whole rather than
some subgroup or specialization.
The amount of
encouragement of coordinated,
interdependent activity among unites.
the degree to which rules and
supervision is used to control employees
The extent to which
rewards are based on performance
rather than seniority or favoritism
the degree to which
open airing of conflict is encouraged
The extent of
managerial focus on outcomes and
results rather than processes
The amount of
monitoring of external developments

–

• An organization’s culture, especially a strong one,
influences and constrains the way managers’ plan,
organize, lead, and control.
– The degree of risk that plans should contain.

– Whether plans should be developed by
individuals or teams.
– The degree of environmental scanning in which
management will engage.

– How much autonomy should be designed into
employees’ jobs?
– Whether tasks should be done by individuals or in
teams?
– The degree to which department managers interact
with each other?

MANAGING CULTURAL CHANGE
• Changing an organization’s culture is difficult
because it is made up of relatively stable
characteristics that developed over a long period
of time or can be difficult to change such as:

CREATING AN ETHICAL CULTURE

POWER AND POLITICS IN AN
ORGANIZATION

What is Power and Authority?
– When used for the good of the organization, power can be a

positive force for higher levels of organizational
effectiveness.
– However, when power is used in selfish or destructive ways,
it can dramatically decrease the morale and productivity of
employees in an organization.

hierarchy
• Persons in higher positions have legal
authority over subordinates in lower
positions.
• Authority has the following characteristics:
–
• An individual has authority because of the
position that he holds, not because of any
specific personal characteristics.

• The individual in an official authority position
exercises authority and can gain compliance
because she has a legitimate right.
– Authority is used vertically and flows from
the top down in the hierarchy of an
organization.

SOURCES/BASES OF POWER
a. Legitimate Power:
b. Reward Power:
– Reward power is derived from the person’s ability

to control the allocation of rewards valued by
others and to remove negative sanctions (i.e.,
negative reinforcement).
c. Coercive Power:
– A manager may block a promotion or fire a

subordinate for poor performance.
d. A person with special
expertise that’s highly valued has expert
power.
– An administrative assistant who has a relatively

low-level organizational position may have high
expert power because she knows the details of
operating the business—where everything is or
how to handle difficult situations.
– Another example of

e
• A person with charisma is admired because of

her personality, vision, and the means she
uses to speak from her heart.
• Charisma is a term often used to describe the
magnetic personalities of some politicians,
entertainers, or sports figures.
• Some managers are also regarded by their
subordinates as charismatic.
CONTRASTING LEADERSHIP AND POWER
Differences between Leadership and Power:

• Goal compatibility:
• The direction of influence:

POLITICAL BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS
.
• Political behavior in organizations as those
activities that are not required as part of one’s
formal role in the organization but that influence,
or attempt to influence, the distribution of
advantages and disadvantages within the
organization.
• The perception of politics leads to anxiety or

stress.
• In general political behavior is ;
– Behavior that is designed to benefit an

individual or subunit, often at the expense of
the organization in general.
– Behavior that is intentional and is designed
to acquire and maintain power.

Organizational Factors that Contribute to
Political Behavior

Individual Factors Which Contribute to
Political Behavior

RELATIONSHIP OF POWER AND POLITICS


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May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

POWER AND POLITICS IN

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

– Increased levels of stress have also been associated

– Certainly, such factors severely limit the potential

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

– The more interdependence between an employee’s

– So, too, can working in an overcrowded room or

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

• It’s concerned with how members perceive the culture

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

: the degree to which

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

– The degree of risk that plans should contain.

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

– When used for the good of the organization, power can be a

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

– Reward power is derived from the person’s ability

– A manager may block a promotion or fire a

– An administrative assistant who has a relatively

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

• A person with charisma is admired because of

Differences between Leadership and Power:

• The direction of influence:

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

• The perception of politics leads to anxiety or

– Behavior that is designed to benefit an

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

May 11, 2022 By: Fanta Tariku BAIS

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