DISTRISHIT

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Morong, Rizal
COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
AND
SUBSTATION DESIGN
Jerry P. Calub Jr.

1011900565
BSEE - 4C
ENGR. MICHAEL L. PASCUA, REE, MSCM Instructor
2nd Sem. S.Y. 2023-

2024
April 12, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS
• LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
• APPROVAL SHEET
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• DEDICATION
• INTRODUCTION
• DESIGN PROPER
 RESIDENTIAL
 INDUSTRIAL
 COMMERCIAL
 SUBSTATION
 FAULT CALCULATION
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ENGR. MICHAEL L. PASCUA, REE, MSCM

Faculty
Electrical Engineering Department
University Of Rizal System
Morong, Rizal
SIR,
I take the pleasure in presenting the Distribution System and Substation Design as
a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the subject of Distribution System and
Substation Design.
I am hoping that the design will merit your approval.
Respectfully yours,
Jerry P. Calub Jr.

APPROVAL SHEET
This design entitled Electrical Power Transmission and Distribution System
presented by Jerry P. Calub is hereby approved and accepted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in
Electrical Engineering – Distribution System and Substation Design.
ENGR. MICHAEL L. PASCUA, REE, MSCM

Instructor
April 12, 2024

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study would not have been possible without the guidance and help of several
individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance
in the preparation and completion of this study. To our respective professor, Engr. Michael
L. Pascua for all the knowledge and information we had acquired and for your patience
and fairness.
The researcher’s FAMILY, for their love, support and care;
And above all, the LORD ALMIGHTY, for giving the researchers the knowledge,
strength, patience, and for the blessing and guidance he provided.
Jerry P. Calub Jr.

DEDICATION
This project will serve as a way to express my heartfelt gratitude for my

family and loved ones for their unwavering support throughout my project
journey. Their love, encouragement, and understanding have been a source
of strength and motivation for me. I could not have completed this project
without their constant support.
This project is not just a personal accomplishment but a family achievement.

It is a testament to our collective effort and resilience. It would not have
been possible without sacrifices, patience, and understanding. I am forever
grateful for the sacrifices they’ve made to ensure that I had the resources and
time to complete this project.
Thank you to my family, my girlfriend and my friends.

I love you all more than words can express.
With love and gratitude,

Jerry P. Calub Jr.
INTRODUCTION
The power transmission and distribution design provide a ready reference for the
electrical engineering student researchers. The design is comprehensive format, that the
topic desired can be located easily.
The design covers the complete primary and secondary distribution of a certain
city. The distribution map of the system laid out showing the location of the distribution
poles, the service wires from poles to customer’s houses and the route of the feeder serves
as the primary distribution of the residential, commercials and industrial loads. The
capacity and location of the distribution transformers required to serve the group of
customers, commercial and industrial areas is determined, the ratings and the locations of
transformers are indicated, the size of primary and secondary wire use is also determined.
On the separate sheet is the schematic one-line diagram of the distribution system from
the substation to all distribution transformers showing the number and its rating. The load
of the system is then prepared in which phase each distribution transformer is connected.
In addition, the necessary structures and materials commonly use in a transmission and
distribution systems have been compiled.

ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
I. INTRODUCTION
The components of an Electric Power System share similarities and represent a
fascinating study in the conversion of different forms of energy into electrical energy,
which is then distributed to consumers. Electricity is generated at a power plant, where a
fuel source like coal, oil, natural gas, or nuclear energy produces heat to create steam. This
steam is used to spin a turbine, which interacts with a magnetic system to produce
electricity. The electricity is then transmitted through wires to homes and businesses. The
primary objective of an electric power system is to supply electrical energy to customers
efficiently, with consistent quality, and at an affordable cost. However, random equipment
failures and system issues beyond the control of power system personnel can disrupt the
continuity of the power supply, making it impossible to meet the high expectations of
modern society for continuous and uninterrupted electricity.
II. COMPONENTS OF AN ELECTRIC POWER

SYSTEM
Electric Power Systems typically share several common components and can be
categorized into three main functions: generation, transmission, and distribution (as
depicted in Figure 1). These systems consist of six primary elements: a Power/Generating
Station, transformers that increase the generated power to the high voltage level required
for transmission, transmission lines for delivering the high voltage to substations,
substations where the voltage is stepped down to match the sub-transmission lines, and
transformers that lower the sub-transmission line voltage to a level that can be utilized by
the devices used by consumers.
A. Power Station/Generating Station

A power station, also known as a power plant or generating station, is an industrial
facility that produces electrical energy. Power stations are typically connected to an
electrical grid and may contain one or more generators, which are machines that convert
mechanical power into three-phase electric power by utilizing the relative motion between
a magnetic field and a conductor to generate an electric current. The energy source used to
drive the generator can vary greatly, with the majority of power stations worldwide
utilizing fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas to generate electricity. However, there is
an increasing focus on clean energy sources such as nuclear power, as well as renewable
energy sources like solar, wind, wave, geothermal, and hydroelectric power.
Figure 1. Schematic View of Classical Power System

B. Transformer
Transformers, which are also referred to as "voltage transformers," are utilized in
electrical circuits to alter the voltage of the electricity flowing within the circuit. These
devices can increase the voltage (known as "stepping up") or decrease it ("step down").
When electricity is transmitted over long distances, such as from a power plant to homes,
energy is lost in the process. Electrical utilities utilize high voltage in long-distance
transmission wires to minimize energy loss. However, this high voltage is too hazardous
for home use, so transformers are employed to modify the voltage of electricity as it
travels from the power plant to consumers. Transformers are used to step up the voltage of
electricity from the power plant to the appropriate level for long-distance transmission and
step it down again before it enters homes. In order for the power distribution network to
operate effectively, voltages must be stepped up before the power is transmitted over long
distances through power lines. However, power is lost between the power plant and
consumers due to the heating of the transmission lines by currents. The amount of power
transmitted along the line equals the voltage multiplied by the current, and the higher the
voltage, the lower the current that must flow within the transmission lines to deliver the
same amount of power. This results in less heating and lower power loss. Nonetheless, the
high voltages needed to drive the low currents must be stepped down before power is
supplied to homes, and transformers are the critical components responsible for stepping
up and down the voltages at each end of the line.
C. Transmission line
A transmission line is an electrical circuit that carries electrical power from a
generating substation to different distribution units. It transfers electrical energy in the
form of voltage and current waves from one point to another. The transmission line
consists of a conductor that maintains a consistent cross-sectional area throughout its
length. The space between the conductors is filled with air, which serves as an insulating
or dielectric medium.
D. Supplementary Equipment
Additional equipment is used to regulate and correct the power factor of an
electrical system, as well as protect any component of the electric distribution system
(such as transformers, generators, motors, and transmission lines) from short circuits and
overloads caused by sudden increases in current or other abnormal conditions.
III. POWER FAILURES

The supply of electricity involves a complex and integrated system, and any
failures in any part of it can lead to interruptions ranging from minor inconveniences to
major disruptions. The impact of such outages is not limited to just loss of revenue by the
utility or energy utilization by customers but can also cause indirect costs to society and
the environment. For example, the 1977 New York blackout incurred a total cost of up to
$350 million, with 84% of it attributed to indirect costs.
There are three categories of fault location techniques: those based on fundamental
frequency currents and voltages, those based on travelling wave and high frequency
components, and those based on knowledge-based approaches. Fault indicators can be
installed either in substations or on poles/towers along the transmission line. This review
discusses the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each fault location technique,
and suggests an advanced fault indicator based on fault-generated high-frequency noise
signal (FI-HF) mounted between the earth wire and tower. The FI-HF captures the fault
generated high-frequency noise signal using a specially designed "earth trap" and stack
tuner.
IV. VOLTAGE REGULATION

The behavior of a transmission line is determined by its parameters, which can be
divided into four categories: resistance, inductance, shunt conductance, and capacitance.
These parameters are evenly distributed over the length of the line, giving it the name
"distributed parameter" transmission line. The term "performance" encompasses various
calculations related to the transmission line, such as determining the sending end voltage,
current, and power factor, calculating power losses in the line, evaluating transmission
efficiency, and determining power flow limitations during steady-state and transient
conditions. Performance calculations are an essential aspect of system planning. Here are
some of the parameters that are commonly used in performance calculations.
The term Voltage regulation is defined as the change in the magnitude of the voltage
between the sending and receiving ends of the transmission line.
V. WORLD ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION

The global trend towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementing
mixed energy sources is causing a significant shift in the way electrical power is
generated. However, the power network faces various challenges in transmitting and
distributing power to meet fluctuating demands. The annual gross production of electricity
has significantly increased over the past decade, with fossil fuels accounting for around
70% of global electricity generation. To maintain network stability, fossil fuel power
plants have traditionally been relied upon to balance the load. However, as the goal of
reducing CO2 emissions becomes more pressing, the need to rely on fossil fuels is
diminishing, and renewable energy sources are being increasingly used. Despite their
benefits, most renewable energy sources are intermittent, making energy generation and
load balancing difficult. To address this challenge, several solutions, such as Electrical
Energy Storage, demand management, and grid interconnection, have been explored.
Among these, Electrical Energy Storage is considered to be one of the most promising
solutions.
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Electrical transmission is the transportation of generated electricity to the
distribution grid situated in urban areas, usually over long distances. Transformers play a
significant role in this process, as they elevate voltage levels to enable long-distance
transmission. The electrical transmission system, power plants, distribution systems, and
sub-stations are interlinked to create the electrical grid that satisfies the electricity
requirements of society and moves electrical power from its source to its ultimate
utilization. Due to the remote location of power plants, the transmission system must be
substantial in size.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
A distribution system starts at a distribution substation and includes the necessary
equipment, such as lines, transformers, and poles, to deliver electric power to customers at
required voltages. The customers are divided into four categories: industrial, commercial,
residential, and transportation. The distribution system connects the transmission system
to the customer's equipment, and it comprises facilities such as substations, distribution
feeder circuits, switches, protective equipment, primary circuits, distribution transformers,
secondaries, and services. Figure 2, presented on the following page, depicts the flow of
energy through a typical substation.
Figure 2
Energy Flow through a Typical Substation
The components of a distribution system collectively make up a typical system
that delivers voltage ranging from 120 volts to as high as 34,000 volts (34 kV). Here are
some examples of these components:
Figure 3
Typical residential service drop
Figure 4
Substation Pull-off Structure
Figure 5
Substation Pull-Off Structure (connects substation buss work to overhead lines)
Figure 6
Substation Underground Distribution Bus
Figure 7
Distribution Primaries and Secondaries on Subtransmission Pole
Figure 8 Distribution Underbuild
INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMER
Most industries need 2,400 to 4,160 volts to run heavy machinery and usually their
own substation to reduce the voltage from the transmission line to the desired level for
distribution throughout the plant area. They usually require three motors. Figure 8 on next
page shows Industrial Facility Distribution Transformer.
Figure 9
Industrial Facility Distribution Transformer
COMMERCIAL CUSTOMER
Commercial customers usually receive electricity at distribution voltages, ranging
from 14.4 kV to 7.2 kV. The power is supplied through a service drop line, which connects
to a transformer on or near the distribution pole and then to the customer's structure. In
some cases, 3-phase lines may be required to power 3-phase motors.
For residential customers, the distribution voltage is reduced to end-use voltage
(120/240 volts single phase) through a pole-mounted or pad-mounted transformer. The
power is delivered to their structure through a service drop line, which connects to the
distribution pole transformer either overhead or underground.
Electric transportation systems, such as light rail and subway systems, are served
by a small distribution substation that reduces the local distribution voltage to meet the
transportation system requirements. The overhead lines supply electric power to the
transportation system motors, and the return current lines are connected to the train tracks.
Figure 10
Distribution Transformer to Three Phase Service- Commercial Facility
Figure 11
Commercial Service Drop
Figure 12
Residential Distribution Transformer and Service Drop
Figure 13
Pad Mounted Residential Distribution Transformer
Figure 14
Public Transit Train Powered by Overhead Electric Lines
Figure 15
Substation where electricity is conditioned for powering commuter trains
PRIMARY FEEDERS
In a distribution system, primary feeders refer to the conductors that connect the
distribution sub-stations to the distribution center for power transfer. These feeders can be
designed in different configurations such as radial, loop, or network systems, and they can
be installed either overhead or underground.
RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Figure shows a schematic diagram of a radial distribution system which consists of
primary feeders that transfer power from the distribution substation to load areas through
sub-feeders and lateral-branch circuits. It is the most widely used distribution system due
to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, it may not be the most reliable system as
a fault in the main feeder can cause a power outage to all users served by the system. To
improve service on this type of system, automatic circuit breakers can be installed to
reclose the service at predetermined intervals. If the fault persists after a certain number of
closures, the breaker will be locked out until the fault is cleared and service is restored.
PRIMARY LOOP (OR RING) DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
The loop (or ring) distribution system starts at a distribution substation and serves
one or more areas by running through or around them. Although it is more expensive to
build than the radial system, it is more reliable and may be necessary in areas where
service continuity is crucial - such as at a medical center.
In the loop system, circuit breakers are used to sectionalize the loop on both sides
of each distribution transformer connected to the loop. This means that a fault in the
primary loop will not affect most of the connected loads. If a fault occurs in a section
adjacent to the distribution substation, the entire load can still be supplied from one
direction over one side of the loop until repairs are made.
NETWORK SYSTEM
The most flexible type of primary feeder system is the network system, as
illustrated in Figure 2-5. It provides the highest level of service reliability due to the
presence of fused or automatic cutouts. Figure 2-6 depicts a network system that includes
distribution substations or load centers, especially when the system is supplied by multiple
distribution substations. Power can flow from any substation to any distribution
transformers or load center within the network system. Service can be easily extended to
new usage points with relatively little new construction. However, the network system
requires a large amount of equipment and is thus more expensive than the radial system.
PRIMARY MAINS
The primary mains are linked to the primary feeders and are typically positioned
below the feeders on a pole in overhead setups. The distribution transformers are linked to
the primary mains through the specific primary main to which they are connected. To
safeguard the transformers against overloading and short circuits, the cutouts on each
primary line contain fuses.
DISTRIBUTIONS TRANSFORMERS
In Navy shore installations, the primary voltage is typically 2,400/4,160 volts,
while most electrical equipment on board operates at 120/208 volts. To step down the high
primary voltage to the utilization voltage, a distribution transformer is necessary. Figure
26 displays various types of transformer arrangements and installations. Regardless of the
type of installation or arrangement, transformers must be protected by fuses or circuit
breakers, as well as lightning protection.
There are three general types of single-phase distribution transformers. The
conventional type necessitates a fused cutout and lightning arrester on the primary phase
conductor that feeds it. The self-protected (SP) type features a built-in lightning protector.
The completely self-protected (CSP) type has the lightning arrester and current overload
devices linked to the transformer, thus requiring no separate protective devices.
SECONDARY MAINS
Secondary circuits or mains are responsible for transmitting electrical power from
the secondary side of transformers to the distribution system and then to the loads. They
may or may not be situated on the same pole as the feeder lines, and if they are, they can
be mounted on a crossarm below them. The secondary circuits may contain multiple
wires, known as service drops, that connect to different buildings to meet their electrical
requirements. In instances where a significant load is required, a transformer or a
transformer bank may be installed at the building location.
SINGLE PHASE
Single-phase secondary circuits are typically used to power lighting loads, small
electrical appliances, and small single-phase electric motors with a power rating of 1
horsepower or less. These circuits consist of two hot conductors and one neutral
conductor. In overhead installations, they are usually mounted on the lower cross-arm of a
pole or on spools attached to the side of a pole. If the load to be served is not too heavy, a
single transformer can feed this circuit. However, if the load is heavy or if multiple
buildings are to be served, a bank of three transformers may be required. The standard
voltage of a single phase circuit is 120 volts between either one of the hot conductors and
the neutral conductor, or 240 volts across the two hot conductors.
THREE PHASE
In certain installations like motor pools, industrial shops, and water and sewerage
plants, there may be machinery that uses three phase motors and requires three phase
power supply. To provide this power, transformer banks are installed. If multiple buildings
in the vicinity need three phase power, cluster mounts can be set up. These mounts have
three phase secondaries extending in two or three directions, with service drops going
from the secondary to the buildings.
SERVICE DROPS
In the EA3 TRAMAN, it is explained that each building needing electricity must
have lead-in conductors referred to as service drops. These service drops can either be
two-, three-, or four-wire conductors or a single cable with the required number of
conductors. When a transformer bank supplies a building that requires a large power load,
the secondary of the transformer serves as the service drop since it supplies current to only
one load. In most Navy buildings, there are no meters to measure electricity consumption.
However, if it is necessary to measure consumption, a meter is installed before the main
switch of the building. In this case, the service drop is connected to the meter before it is
connected to the mains.
CONTROL AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES

To ensure the proper functioning of a power-distribution circuit and to prevent
harm to the system or people, it is necessary to utilize specific equipment for controlling
and safeguarding the circuit against both internal and external factors.
DISTRIBUTION CUTOUTS, SWITCHES,
RECLOSERS, AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS
In order to protect the power distribution system and the equipment connected to
it, special devices are utilized, just as in any other electrical circuit. Distribution cutouts
are commonly used in conjunction with transformers, capacitors, cable circuits, and at
sectionalizing points on overhead circuits. Two common types of switches used in power
distribution are the air switch and the oil switch. While the air switch is utilized for the
overhead section of the distribution system, the oil switch is used with the underground
portions. In the event of an overload, reclosers are designed to open a circuit and then
automatically reclose the circuit. These devices come in both single and three-phase
models and can be either pole mounted or installed in a substation. In order to switch
electric circuits and equipment in and out of the system, oil, air, gas and vacuum circuit
breakers are employed. These circuit breakers can be manually operated, remotely
controlled, or automatically activated when predetermined conditions or electrical failures
occur within the system.
LIGHTNING ARRESTER
Lightning arresters are installed on primary lines for two reasons: firstly, to
provide a safe pathway for a lightning impulse to pass through a ground wire to the earth
without damaging any equipment or line insulators, and secondly, to prevent any
subsequent power current from flowing to the ground. To ensure protection, lightning
arresters should be installed on the primary side of substation, distribution centers,
distribution transformers, and capacitor banks.
CONDUCTOR SUPPORTS
A crucial component of any overhead electrical distribution system is a supporting
structure that can withstand the weight of the conductors and equipment mounted on it.
The structure must also ensure that the conductors maintain required clearances from the
ground and between each other. Wood poles, reinforced concrete poles, metal poles, and
metal towers are commonly used for this purpose. This section will focus on poles.
In the Navy, poles may be made of wood, reinforced concrete, or metal (steel or
aluminum). However, concrete and metal poles should only be used when they are more
cost-effective or when specific circumstances justify their use.
WOODEN POLES
Various types of wood poles are used in electrical distribution systems, with the
choice depending on the availability of tree species in the area. The poles are available in
5-foot incremental lengths and with top circumference varying in 2-inch increments. Poles
are classified from 1 to 10 based on their strength, determined by the circumference of the
pole at a point 6 feet up from the butt. Wood poles are commonly used in distribution
systems and light-duty transmission lines. The choice of pole class and length depends on
the purpose of the pole, whether as a line pole, corner pole, or transformer pole, as well as
the required clearances for voltage circuits and linemen working on the lines. Clearance
requirements are specified by the American National Standards Institutes (ANSI) and the
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) in the National Electrical Safety Code
(NESC) and the National Electrical Code (NEC). Engineers also consider local conditions
when determining pole height, with poles in densely populated areas requiring more
height. In the Navy, the minimum height for a wooden transformer pole is 35 feet, and for
other wood poles, it is 30 feet. Further guidance on pole heights and classes can be found
in Power Distribution System, MIL-HDBK-1004/2.
CONCRETE POLE
In areas where local conditions can shorten the life of wooden poles, alternative
options such as concrete poles are often preferred. Concrete poles can be made in either
solid or hollow form, with the latter being lighter and allowing for connections to be made
through the pole for underground cables or services. The shape of concrete poles can be
customized to suit specific needs, with gains and holes for crossarms and bolts already
cast in. Pole steps can also be installed through either solid casting or rethreaded holes.
Although concrete poles have the advantage of lasting longer and being stronger than
wooden poles, they are typically more expensive to manufacture and install. However, the
increasing costs associated with wooden poles, including their treatment and maintenance,
and a greater emphasis on aesthetics have led to a rise in the use of concrete poles.
PROPOSED
LOADS
RESIDENTIAL LOAD TYPE A
COLOR DESIGNATION: BLUE
SQ. MTRS. 75m2
MIN G.L.L.: 75m2 x 24 = 1800W
TOTAL
GENERAL LIGHTING LOADS WATTS WATTAGE
6 FLOURESCENT LAMP 40W = 240W
3 INCANDESCENT LAMP 50W = 150W

8 PIN LIGHT 10W = 80W
1 CHANDELIER 100W = 100W
2 SPOT LIGHT 200W = 400W
1 CIRCULAR LAMP 20W = 20W
TOTAL G.L.L. 990W
SMALL APPLIANCE LOAD

1 VACUUM CLEANER 100W = 100W
1 FLAT IRON 1000W = 1000W
1 TV SET 100W = 100W
1 ELECTRIC FAN 75W = 75W
1 SET OF P.C 200W = 200W
TOTAL S.A.L. 1475W
GENERAL POWER SERVICE
1 1/6 HP 124.33W = 124.33W

REFRIGERATOR
1 1/2 HP ACU 920W = 920W
1 MICROWAVE OVEN 100W = 100W
1 HP WATER PUMP
1 1/4 HP WASHING MACHINE 186.5W = 186.5W
1 ELECTRIC RANGE 3000W = 3000W
1 1/4 CLOTHES DRYER 186.5W = 186.5W
TOTAL G.P.S. 7257.33W
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD

FOR TYPE A = 9722.33W
RESIDENTIAL LOAD TYPE B
COLOR DESIGNATION: RED
SQ. MTRS. 100m2
MIN G.L.L.: 80m2 X 24 = 1920W
TOTAL

TOTAL G.L.L. 930W

1 TV SET 100W = 100W
1 SET OF P.C 200W = 200W
TOTAL S.A.L. 1375W

1 1/6 HP 124.33W = 124.33W
REFRIGERATOR
1 1/2 HP ACU 920W = 920W
1 ELECTRIC RANGE 3000W = 3000W
1 1⁄2 HP WATER PUMP
@8A 920W = 920W
1 1/4 HP WASHING
MACHINE 186.5W = 186.5W

FOR TYPE B = 7455.83W
RESIDENTIAL LOAD TYPE C
COLOR DESIGNATION: ORANGE
SQ. MTRS. 85m2
MIN G.L.L.: 85m2 X 24 = 2040W
TOTAL
TOTAL G.L.L. 1900W

2 TV SET 100W = 100W
1 SET OF P.C 200W = 200W
TOTAL S.A.L. 1550W

1 1/6 HP 124.33W = 124.33W
REFRIGERATOR
1 1 HP ACU 1840W = 1840W
1 1 HP WATER PUMP @8A 1840W = 1840W
1 1/4 HP WASHING
MACHINE 186.5W = 186.5W

FOR TYPE C = 7727.33W
RESIDENTIAL LOAD TYPE D
COLOR DESIGNATION: GREEN
SQ. MTRS. 60m2
MIN G.L.L.: 60m2 X 24 = 1440W
TOTAL
TOTAL G.L.L. 1040W

1 TV SET 100W = 100W
TOTAL S.A.L. 1250W

1 1/6 HP 124.33W = 124.33W
REFRIGERATOR
1 1 HP ACU 1840W = 1840W
1 1 HP WATER PUMP @8A 1840W = 1840W
1 1/4 HP WASHING
MACHINE 186.5W = 186.5W

FOR TYPE D = 6667.33W
RESIDENTIAL LOAD TYPE E

COLOR DESIGNATION: YELLOW
SQ. MTRS. 50m2
MIN G.L.L.: 50m2 X 24 = 1200W
TOTAL
TOTAL G.L.L. 1050W

1 TV SET 100W = 100W
TOTAL S.A.L. 1325W

1 1/6 HP 124.33W = 124.33W
REFRIGERATOR
2 1 HP ACU 1840W = 3680W
1 1/4 HP WASHING
MACHINE 186.5W = 186.5W

FOR TYPE E = 6714.66W
RESIDENTIAL LOAD TYPE F

COLOR DESIGNATION: PINK
SQ. MTRS. 40m2
MIN G.L.L.: 40m2 X 24 = 960W
TOTAL
TOTAL G.L.L. 870W

1 TV SET 100W = 100W
TOTAL S.A.L. 1250W

1 1/6 HP 124.33W = 124.33W
REFRIGERATOR
1 1 HP ACU 1840W = 1840W
1 1/4 HP WASHING
MACHINE 186.5W = 186.5W

FOR TYPE F = 4270.83W
FEED
ER 1
(RESIDENTIAL LOADS)
RESIDENTIAL LOADS: F-1
Maximum Demand of each type of transformer, at 85% p.f.
Maximum Demand General Maximum Expected
G.L.L & S.A.L Power Service Demand per number
TYPE OF of Customer (KVA)
(GLL+SAL) x 0.72 GPS x 0.85
CUSTOMER X+Y
3.5 0.72 x 1.5
0.85
X Y
A 507.09 6168.7305 7.32
2A 1015.8 12377.461 14.63
3A 1523.7 18506.1915 21.95
4A 2031.6 24674.922 29.27
5A 2539.5 30843.6525 36.58
B 695.3 5746.7 7.58

2B 1390.6 11493.4 15.16
3B 2085.9 17240.0 22.74
4B 2781.3 22986.7 30.32
5B 3476.6 28733.4 37.89
C 668.6 3366.4 4.75

2C 1337.1 6732.8 9.49
3C 2005.7 10099.3 14.24
4C 2674.3 13465.7 18.99
5C 3342.9 16832.1 23.74
D 454.6 3366.4 4.50

2D 909.3 6732.8 9.0
3D 1363.9 10099.3 13.5
4D 1818.5 13465.7 18.0
5D 2273.1 16832.1 22.5
E 489.6 1918.3 2.8

2E 979.2 3836.5 5.7
3E 1468.8 5754.8 8.5
4E 1958.4 7673.1 11.3
5E 2448 9591.3 14.2
F 460.8 1692.8 2.5

2F 921.6 3385.6 5.1
3F 1382.4 5078.3 7.6
4F 1843.2 6771.1 10.1
5F 2304 33855.7 42.5
RESIDENTIAL LOADS: F- 2
Transformer No: 1 _
No. & Type of Maximum Number of
Pole Number KVA SPAN
Customer Demand SPAN
P-1 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-2 3D+F 16.75 1 16.75
P-3 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-4 4F 10 1 10
P-5 E+3F 10.3 1 10.3
P-
P-
Total Maximum Demand of Transformer 59.32 KVA

USE: 1-75 KVA
Selection of Transformer Location
T1 1 2 3 4 5
Transformer No. 1 is installed at Pole No. T1
Left Side
Pole Number KVA/ Pole No. of SPAN KVA SPAN
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-1 10.6 1 10.6
P-2 16.75 1 16.75
P-3 11.2 1 11.2
P-4 10 1 10
P-5 10.3 1 10.3
P-
Total 59.32
RESIDENTIAL LOADS F-3

Use 1-75 KVA, 34.4KV, 230/115V, grounded, 60 Hz distribution transformer with
5% impedance.
% loading = Total Max. Demand of Transformer x 100%
KVA Rating of Transformer
= (59.32 KVA/ 75KVA) x 100%
= 79.46%
1. I (full load) = KVA Rating of Transformer/34.5 kV
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
2. The maximum setting of the overcurrent protection device in the primary.
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
3. The KVA short circuit in the primary
= KVA of the Transformer/ (% impedance)
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
4. I (s.c sym) = KVA of Transformer x 100%
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere
5. The asymmetrical short circuit in the primary is:
I (s.c sym) = 1.6 x I sym = 69.57 Ampere
The rating of the transformer shall be 1-75 KVA, 34.5 KV, 230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, single
phase distribution transformer with 5% impedance, the total expected load is 78.46%,
the rating of the fuse cutout shall be 12 ampere fuse link. The maximum rating is
6.51 Amp.: the Lightning Arrester shall be line type rated 30 kV.
SECONDARY WIRE COMPUTATION

F-4 KVA SPAN RIGHT SIDE
To determine the size of the wire of the secondary line, assume Vdrop = 5% of the operating
voltage for number of span for 1 phase system 2 wire.
From pole T1 to P5: Total load = 58,85 KVA I =
Load KVA/230 = 59.32 KVA /230 = 255.87 Ampere
Distance = number of span x 100 = 5 x 100 = 500ft.
Total Load KVA:
500 ft span, 11 volts , assume voltage drop at 5%
Refer to Table:
CM = 24 x d x I = 24 x 500 x 255.87 = 279130 CM: 299700 (from table)
11 11
Refer to Table:
Actual DC voltage drop, 50 C, 60 Hz, 8” spacing
R = 3.39 / mile Xa = 0.48 / mile Xsf = -0.049/ mile
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029
R
Actual DC Voltage Drop = (24 x d x l)/ CM
= (24 x 500 x 225.87) / 299700 = 9.04 volts
Actual Voltage Drop Factor @ .85 p.f. = 0.94

Voltage Regulation = (AVD x p.f/230) x 100% = ( 9.04 x 0.94 / 230) x 100% = 3.69%
USE: 299700 CM: Hard Drawn Conductor
KVA LEFT SIDE

To determine the size of the wire of the secondary line, assume Vdrop =5% of the operating
voltage for the number of span for 1 phase system 2 wire. From pole ____ to ____: Total
load = ______ KVA I = Load KVA/ 230 = _____/230 = ____ amp.
Distance = number of span x 100 = _____ x 100 = ______ ft.
Total Load KVA:
_____ft span, 11 volts, assume voltage drop at 5%
Refer to Table:
CM = 24 x d x I = 24 x _________ = _________ CM: _______(from table)’
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

Voltage Regulation = (AVD x p.f/230) x 100% = (_____x 0.94 /230) x 100% = ______%
USE: ________ CM: Hard Drawn Conductor
Transformer No: 2 _
P-6 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-7 4F 10 1 10
P-8 E+3F 10.3 1 10.3
P-9 2D+2E 14.5 1 14.5
P-10 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
2 6 7 8 9 10
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-6 10.6 1 10.6
P-7 10 1 10
P-8 10.3 1 10.3
P-9 14.5 1 14.5
P-10 11.2 1 11.2
Total 57.5

5% impedance.
= (57.5 KVA/ 75KVA) x 100%
= 77.83%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere
5. The assymetrical short circuit in the primary is:
The rating of the transformer shall be 1-75 KVA, 34.5 KV, 230 / 115 V, 60 Hz,
single phase distribution transformer with 5% impedance, the total expected load is
75.46%, the rating of the fuse cutout shall be 12 ampere fuse link. The maximum
rating is 6.51 Amp. : the Lightning Arrester shall be line type rated 30 kV.
SECONDARY WIRE
COMPUTATION
F-4
KVA SPAN RIGHT SIDE
voltage for number of span for 1 phase system 2 wire. From pole T2 to P10: Total load =
54.95 KVA
I = Load KVA/230 = 54.95KVA /230 = 238.91 Ampere Distance
= number of span x 100 = 5 x 100 = 500ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 238.91) / 299700 = 9.56 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

Transformer No: 3 _
P-11 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-12 2D+2F 14.5 1 14.5
P-13 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-14 E+3F 10.3 1 10.3
P-15 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
3 11 12 13 14 15
Transformer No. 3 _is installed at Pole No. T3
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-11 12.25 1 12.25
P-12 14.5 1 14.5
P-13 11.2 1 11.2
P-14 10.3 1 10.3
P-15 10.6 1 10.6
Total 58.85

5% impedance.
= (58.85 KVA/ 75KVA) x 100%
= 78.46%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere
rating is 6.51 Amp. : the Lightning Arrester shall be line type rated 30 kV
SECONDARY WIRE
COMPUTATION
F-4
KVA SPAN RIGHT SIDE
58,85 KVA
I = Load KVA/230 = 58.85KVA /230 = 255.87 Ampere Distance
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 225.87) / 299700 = 9.04 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

Transformer No: 4 _
P-16 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-17 E+3F 10.3 1 10.3
P-18 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-19 2D+2F 14.5 1 14.5
P-20 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
4 16 17 18 19 20
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-16 10.6 1 10.6
P-17 10.3 1 10.3
P-18 11.2 1 11.2
P-19 14.5 1 14.5
P-20 12.25 1 12.25
Total 58.85

5% impedance.
= (58.85 KVA/ 75KVA) x 100%
= 78.46%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

58,85 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 58.85KVA /230 = 255.87 Ampere Distance = number
of span x 100 = 5 x 100 = 500ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 225.87) / 299700 = 9.04 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

Transformer No: 5 _
P-21 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-22 E+3F 10.3 1 10.3
P-23 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-24 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-25 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
5 21 22 23 24 25
Transformer No. 5 is installed at Pole No. 5
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-21 10.6 1 10.6
P-22 10.3 1 10.3
P-23 12.25 1 12.25
P-24 11.2 1 11.2
P-25 10.6 1 10.6
Total 54.95

5% impedance.
= (54.95 KVA/ 75KVA) x 100%
= 73.25%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

54.95 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 54.95KVA /230 = 238.91 Ampere Distance = number
of span x 100 = 5 x 100 = 500ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 238.91) / 299700 = 9.56 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

Transformer No: 6 _
P-26 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-27 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-28 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-29 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-30 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
6 26 27 28 29 30
Transformer No. 6 is installed at Pole No. T6_
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-26 11.2 1 11.2
P-27 10.6 1 10.6
P-28 12.25 1 12.25
P-29 10.6 1 10.6
P-30 11.2 1 11.2
Total 55.85

5% impedance.
= (58.85 KVA/ 75 KVA) x 100%
= 74.46%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

55.85 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 55.85KVA /230 = 242.82 Ampere Distance = number
of span x 100 = 5 x 100 = 500ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 242.61) / 299700 = 9.71 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

Transformer No: 7 _
P-31 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-32 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-33 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-34 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-35 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
7 31 32 33 34 35
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-31 11.2 1 11.2
P-32 10.6 1 10.6
P-33 12.25 1 12.25
P-34 12.25 1 12.25
P-35 10.6 1 10.6
Total 56.9

5% impedance.
= (56.90 KVA/ 75 KVA) x 100%
= 75.87%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere
SECONDARY WIRE
COMPUTATION
F-4
KVA SPAN RIGHT SIDE
From pole T7 to P39: Total load = 56.90 KVA I =
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 247.39) / 299700 = 9.91 volts

Voltage Regulation = (AVD x p.f/230) x 100% = ( 9.91x 0.94 / 230) x 100% = 4.05%
KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

Transformer No: 8 _
P-36 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-37 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-38 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-39 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-40 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
8 36 37 38 39 40
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-36 12.25 1 12.25
P-37 12.25 1 12.25
P-38 12.25 1 12.25
P-39 12.25 1 12.25
P-40 11.2 1 11.2
Total 60.2

5% impedance.
= (60.2 KVA/ 75 KVA) x 100%
= 80.6%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

Load KVA/230 = 60.20KVA /230 = 261.74 Ampere
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 261.74) / 299700 = 10.48 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

Transformer No: 9 _
Pole Number Customer Demand SPAN KVA SPAN
P-41 D+3E 10.3 1 10.3

P-42 D+3E 10.3 1 10.3
P-43 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-44 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-45 D+3E 10.3 1 10.3
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
9 41 42 43 44 45
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-41 10.3 1 10.3
P-42 10.3 1 10.3
P-43 11.2 1 11.2
P-44 11.2 1 11.2
P-45 10.3 1 10.3
Total 53.3

5% impedance.
= (53.3 KVA/ 75 KVA) x 100%
= 71.06%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere
rating is 6.51 Amp. : the Lightning Arrester shall be line type rated 30kV.

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 261.74) / 299700 = 10.48 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

Transformer No: 10 _
P-46 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-47 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-48 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-49 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-50 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-
P-

USE: 1.75 KVA
10 46 47 48 49 50
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-46 11.2 1 11.2
P-47 12.25 1 12.25
P-48 11.2 1 11.2
P-49 12.25 1 12.25
P-50 11.2 1 11.2
Total 58.1

5% impedance.
= (58.1 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 77.46%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

58.10 KVA
I = Load KVA/230 = 58.10 KVA /230 = 252.61 Ampere Distance
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 252.61) / 299700 = 10.11 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

P-51 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-52 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-53 2E+2F 11.2 1 11.2
P-54 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-55 D+3E 12.25 1 12.25
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
11 51 52 53 54 55
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-51 11.2 1 11.2
P-52 12.25 1 12.25
P-53 11.2 1 11.2
P-54 11.2 1 11.2
P-55 12.25 1 12.25
Total 58.1

5% impedance.
= (58.1 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 77.46%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

58.10 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 58.10 KVA /230 = 252.61 Ampere Distance = number
of span x 100 = 5 x 100 = 500ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 252.61) / 299700 = 10.11 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

P-56 4F 10 1 10
P-57 4F 10 1 10
P-58 4F 10 1 10
P-59 4F 10 1 10
P-60 4F 10 1 10
P-
P-
Total Maximum Demand of Transformer 50 KVA

USE: 1-75 KVA
12 56 57 58 59 60
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-56 P-56 1 10
P-57 P-57 1 10
P-58 P-58 1 10
P-59 P-59 1 10
P-60 P-60 1 10
Total 50

5% impedance.
= (50 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 60.67%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere
66.67% the rating of the fuse cutout shall be 12 ampere fuse link. The maximum

50 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 50 KVA /230 = 217.39 Ampere Distance = number of
span x 100 = 5 x 100 = 500ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 217.39) / 250003 = 10.43 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

P-61 4F 10 1 10
P-62 4F 10 1 10
P-63 4F 10 1 10
P-64 4F 10 1 10
P-65 4F 10 1 10
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
13 61 62 63 64 65
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-61 10 1 10
P-62 10 1 10
P-63 10 1 10
P-64 10 1 10
P-65 10 1 10
Total 50
5% impedance.
= (50 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 66.67%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

span x 100 = 5 x 100 = 500ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 217.39) / 250003 = 10.43 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

P-66 4F 10 1 10
P-67 4F 10 1 10
P-68 4F 10 1 10
P-69 4F 10 1 10
P-70 4F 10 1 10
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
14 66 67 68 69 70
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-66 10 1 10
P-67 10 1 10
P-68 10 1 10
P-69 10 1 10
P-70 10 1 10
Total 50

5% impedance.
= (50 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 66.67%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere
SECONDARY WIRE
COMPUTATION
span x 100 = 5 x 100 = 500ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 217.39) / 250003 = 10.43 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= 24 x ____ x _____ /_____ =______ volts

FORM 5
PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, KILO-VOLT RATING PER MD OF TRANSFORMER Load

Schedule of Feeder No: 1
Tranformer No. Phase A Phase B Phase C Three Phase
1 75
2 75
3 75
4 75
5 75
6 75
7 75
8 75
9 75
10 75
11 75
12 75
13 75
14 75
SUBTOTAL 300 375 375
TOTAL LOAD: 1050
PRIMARY WIRE COMPUTATIONS
FEEDER NO. 1 LOAD: 1050 KVA

FROM POLE: 1 TO 14 Total Length: 1400 ft
100 ft x 14 = 1400ft
SPAN
DC Voltage Drop per No. of SPAN, assume 3%voltage drop
DC Voltage Drop = 3% x operating final voltage
= 0.03 x 34.5
= 1.035 KV
Feeder Load Current = kVA Load /√3kV = 1050/ √3 x 34.5 kV
= 17.57 Amp
SIZE OF PRIMARY WIRES
C.M = C.M.
DC Voltage Drop
Use 4099.5 CM, 50°C, 60 Hz, 100ft spacing

R per mile = 3.79 Ω /mile; Xa per mile = .153 Ω /mile; Xaf = 0.2523 Ω / mile
__X__ = __Xa + Xaf = 0.153 + 0.2523 = 0.11
R R 3.79
Actual DC Voltage Drop = __
C.M. 493.97
= 1011.43 Volts From
Table 2:
AC Voltage Drop Factor at 0.85 p.f. = 0.98
ACTUAL AC VOLTAGE DROP. = AC Voltage Drop Factor x DC Voltage Drop
= 0.98 x 1011.43
= 991.2 volts
%Voltage Regulation = 991.2/ 34.5KV x 100% = 2.87%
Use: 4099.5 C.M. : HARDRAWN conductor
FEED
ER 2
(RESIDENTIAL LOADS)
P-71 B+E+2F 15.38 1 15.38
P-72 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-73 2F 5 1 5
P-74 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-75 4F 10 1 10
P-76 F+F 5 1 5
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
71 72 73 15 76 75 74
Left Side
P-71 15.38 1 15.38
P-72 11.2 1 11.2
P-73 5 1 5
P-
Total 31.58
Right Side
P-74 10.6 1 10.6
P-75 10 1 10
P-76 5 1 5
P-
Total 25.6
5% impedance.
= (57.18 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 76.24%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere
rating is 6.51 Amp. : the Lightning Arrester shall be line type rated 30 kV
25.6 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 25.6 KVA /230 = 111.30 Ampere Distance = number of
span x 100 = 3 x 100 = 300ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 300 x 111.30) / 83770 = 9.57 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

voltage for the number of span for 1 phase system 2 wire. From pole T15 to P71 : Total
load = 31.58 KVA I = Load KVA/ 230 = 31.58 /230 = 137.30 amp.
Distance = number of span x 100 = 3 x 100 = 300 ft.
Total Load KVA:
300 ft span, 11 volts, assume voltage drop at 5%
Refer to Table:
CM = 24 x d x I = 24 x 300 x 137.30 = 24415 CM: 26218(from table)
11 11
= (24 x 300 x 137.30) / 26218 = 37.71 volts

Voltage Regulation = (AVD x p.f/230) x 100% = ( 37.71 x 0.94 /230) x 100% = 15.41%
P-77 A+3F 15.06 1 15.06
P-78 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-79 B+F 10.08 1 10.08
P-80 E+F 5.3 1 5.3
P-81 A+F 10.06 1 10.06
P-82 E 2.8 1 2.8
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
77 78 79 16 82 81 80
Left Side
P-77 15.06 1 15.06
P-78 10.6 1 10.6
P-79 10.08 1 10.08
P-
Total 35.74
Right Side
P-80 5.3 1 5.3
P-81 10.06 1 10.06
P-82 2.8 1 2.8
P-
Total 18.16
5% impedance.
= (53.9 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 76.24%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

18.16 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 18.16 KVA /230 = 78.95 Ampere Distance = number of
span x 100 = 3 x 100 = 300ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 300 x 78.95) / 52618 = 10.80 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

load = 35.74 KVA
I = Load KVA/ 230 = 35.74 KVA /230 = 155.39 amp.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= (24 x 300 x 155.39) / 105455 = 10.61 volts

P-83 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-84 E+3F 10.3 1 10.3
P-85 2E 5.6 1 5.6
P-86 E+3F 10.3 1 10.3
P-87 4F 10 1 10
P-88 A+F 10.06 1 10.06
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
83 84 85 17 88 87 86
Left Side
P-83 10.6 1 10.6
P-84 10.3 1 10.3
P-85 5.6 1 5.6
P-
Total 26.5
Right Side
P-86 10.3 1 10.3
P-87 10 1 10
P-88 10.06 1 10.06
P-
Total 30.36
5% impedance.
= (56.86 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 75.81 %
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

30.36 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 30.36 KVA /230 = 132 Ampere Distance = number of
span x 100 = 3 x 100 = 300ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
CM = 24 x d x I = 24 x 300 x 132 = 28800 CM: 33134 (from table)
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 300 x 132) / 33134 = 28.68 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

load = 26.5 KVA
I = Load KVA/ 230 = 26.5 KVA /230 = 115.22 amp.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= (24 x 300 x 115.22) / 83770 = 9.90 volts

Pole Number Customer Demand SPAN KVA SPAN
P-89 2D+E+F 14.8 1 14.8

P-90 2C+2D 19 1 19
P-91 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-92 C+E+2F 12.55 1 12.55
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
90 89 18 91 92
Left Side
P-89 14.8 1 14.8
P-90 19 1 19
P-
P-
Total 33.8
Right Side
P-91 10.6 1 10.6
P-92 12.55 1 12.55
P-
P-
Total 23.15
5% impedance.
= (56.95 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 75.93%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere
rating is 6.51 Amp. : the Lightning Arrester shall be line type rated 30kV.

Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 200 x 100.65) / 52618 = 9.18 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

load = 33.8 KVA
I = Load KVA/ 230 = 33.8 KVA /230 = 146.96 amp.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= (24 x 200 x 146.96) / 66407 = 10.62 volts

P-93 B+2F 12.58 1 12.58
P-94 ABE 17.94 1 17.94
P-95 A+F 10.06 1 10.06
P-96 2D+F 12 1 12
P-97 F 2.5 1 2.5
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
93 94 95 96 97 19
Left Side
P-93 12.58 1 12.58
P-94 17.94 1 17.94
P-95 10.06 1 10.06
P-96 12 1 12
P-97 2.5 1 2.5
Total 55.08
Right Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total

5% impedance.
= (55.08 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 73.44%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere
SECONDARY WIRE
COMPUTATION
From pole to : Total load = KVA
I = Load KVA/230 = /230 = Ampere Distance
= number of span x 100 = x 100 = ft.
Total Load KVA:
ft span, 11 volts , assume voltage drop at 5%
Refer to Table:
CM = 24 x d x I = 24 x x = CM: (from table)
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
Actual DC Voltage Drop = (24 x d x l)/
= (24 x x ) / 52618 = volts

Voltage Regulation = (AVD x p.f/230) x 100% = ( x 0.94 / 230) x 100% = %
USE: CM: Hard Drawn Conductor
KVA LEFT SIDE

load = 55.08 KVA
I = Load KVA/ 230 = 55.08 KVA /230 = 239.48 amp.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= (24 x 500 x 239.48) / 299700 = 9.59 volts

P-98 B+2E+F 15.68 1 15.68
P-99 2A+B+F 25.2 1 25.2
P-100 B+E 10.08 1 10.08
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
98 99 100 20

Left Side
P-98 15.68 1 15.68
P-99 25.2 1 25.2
P-100 10.08 1 10.08
P-
Total 50.96
Right Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
5% impedance.
= (50.96 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 67.95%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

From pole to : Total load = KVA
I = Load KVA/230 = /230 = Ampere Distance
= number of span x 100 = x 100 = ft.
Total Load KVA:
ft span, 11 volts , assume voltage drop at 5%
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
Actual DC Voltage Drop = (24 x d x l)/
= (24 x x ) / = volts
Voltage Regulation = (AVD x p.f/230) x 100% = ( x 0.94 / 230) x 100% = %
USE: CM: Hard Drawn Conductor
KVA LEFT SIDE

load = 50.96 KVA
I = Load KVA/ 230 = 50.96 KVA /230 = 221.57 amp.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= (24 x 300 x 221.57 ) / 167884 = 9.50volts

P-101 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-102 2E+2F 10.6 1 10.6
P-103 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-104 4F 10 1 10
P-105 2E 5.6 1 5.6
P-106 3E 8.4 1 8.4
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
21 101 102 103 104 105 106

Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-101 10.6 1 10.6
P-102 10.6 1 10.6
P-103 11.2 1 11.2
P-104 10 1 10
P-105 5.6 1 5.6
P-106 8.4 1 8.4
Total 56.4

5% impedance.
= (56.4 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 75.2%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

voltage for number of span for 1 phase system 2 wire. From pole T21 to P106 : Total
load = 56.4 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 56.4 KVA /230 = 245.22 Ampere Distance =
number of span x 100 = 6 x 100 = 600 ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
Actual DC Voltage Drop = (24 x d x l)/CM
= (24 x 600 x 245.22 ) / 350290 = 10.08 volts

Voltage Regulation = (AVD x p.f/230) x 100% = ( 10.08 x 0.94 / 230) x 100% = 4.12 %
KVA LEFT SIDE

voltage for the number of span for 1 phase system 2 wire. From pole to : Total load
= KVA I = Load KVA/ 230 = /230 = amp.
Distance = number of span x 100 = x 100 = 300 ft.
Total Load KVA:
ft span, 11 volts, assume voltage drop at 5%
Refer to Table:
11 11
= (24 x x ) / = volts

Voltage Regulation = (AVD x p.f/230) x 100% = ( x 0.94 /230) x 100% = 3.88% USE:
CM: Hard Drawn Conductor
P-107 A+C 12.31 1 12.31
P-108 A+C 12.31 1 12.31
P-109 A+B 15.14 1 15.14
P-110 A+2C 17.06 1 17.06
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
22 107 108 109 110
Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-107 12.31 1 12.31
P-108 12.31 1 12.31
P-109 15.14 1 15.14
P-110 17.06 1 17.06
Total 56.82

5% impedance.
= (56.82 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 75.76%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

load = 56.82 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 56.82 KVA /230 = 247.04 Ampere Distance
= number of span x 100 = 4 x 100 = 400 ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 400 x 247.04 ) / 250003 = 9.48 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

= KVA I = Load KVA/ 230 = /230 = amp.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= (24 x x ) / = volts

P-111 3E+F 10.9 1 10.9
P-112 3D+F 16.75 1 16.75
P-113 E+3F 10.3 1 10.3
P-114 4F 10 1 10
P-115 4E 11.2 1 11.2
P-
P-

USE: 1-75 KVA
23 111 112 113 114 115

Left Side
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total
Right Side
P-111 10.9 1 10.9
P-112 16.75 1 16.75
P-113 10.3 1 10.3
P-114 10 1 10
P-115 11.2 1 11.2
Total 59.15
5% impedance.
= (59.15 KVA / 75 KVA) x 100%
= 78.86%
= 75 KVA / 34.5KV
= 2.17 Ampere
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x 2.17 A
Im = 6.51 Ampere
= 75 KVA / 0.05
= 1500 KVA
(% Impedance x kV)
= 75 KVA / (34.5 x 0.05 )
= 43.48 Ampere

load = 59.15 KVA I = Load KVA/230 = 59.15 KVA /230 = 257.17 Ampere Distance
= number of span x 100 = 5 x 100 = 500 ft.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
Refer to Table:
X = Xa+ (-0.049) = 0.148 + (-0.049)/ 3.39 = 0.029

R
= (24 x 500 x 257.17 ) / 299700 = 10.30 volts

KVA LEFT SIDE

= KVA I = Load KVA/ 230 = /230 = amp.
Total Load KVA:
Refer to Table:
11 11
= (24 x x ) / = volts

FORM 5
PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, KILO-VOLT RATING PER MD OF TRANSFORMER Load

Schedule of Feeder No: 2
15 75
16 75
17 75
18 75
19 75
20 75
21 75
22 75
23 75
SUBTOTAL 225 225 225
TOTAL LOAD: 675
F-6 PRIMARY WIRE

COMPUTATIONS
FEEDER NO. 2 LOAD: 675 KVA

FROM POLE: 15 TO 23 Total Length: 900 ft
100 ft x 9 = 900ft
SPAN
DC Voltage Drop per No. of SPAN, assume 3%voltage drop
DC Voltage Drop = 3% x operating final voltage
= 0.03 x 34.5
= 1.035 KV
Feeder Load Current = kVA Load /√3kV = 675/ √3 x 34.5 kV
= 11.29 Amp
SIZE OF PRIMARY WIRES
C.M = C.M.
DC Voltage Drop
Use 6512 CM, 50°C, 60 Hz, 100ft spacing

R per mile = 3.79 Ω /mile; Xa per mile = .153 Ω /mile; Xaf = 0.2523 Ω / mile
__X__ = __Xa + Xaf = 0.153 + 0.2523 = 0.11
R R 3.79
Actual DC Voltage Drop = __
C.M. 6512
= 32.43 VoltsFrom Table 2:
AC Voltage Drop Factor at 0.85 p.f. = 0.98
ACTUAL AC VOLTAGE DROP. = AC Voltage Drop Factor x DC Voltage Drop
= 0.98 x 32.43
= 31.78 volts
%Voltage Regulation = 32.42 / 34.5KV x 100% = 0.09%
Use: 6512 C.M. : HARDRAWN conductor
FEEDE
R3
(COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL LOADS)
F-7
COMMERCIAL / INDUSTRIAL LOADS
TRANSFORMER NO. = 24 POLE NO.: T24
LOAD / S = EVER
MAXIMUM DEMAND = 300 KVA
Total maximum Demand = 300 KVA
Air cooling transformer Bank

%Loading = __Total maximum Demand of Transformer bank__ x100
Kva rating of Bank Transformer
= 300 KVA /3 -167 KVA x100%
= 59.88 %
1. IFL (primary full load current ) = __kVA Rating of Bank__ = 501 kVA
x 34.5 kV. x
34.5kV
= 8.38 Amp.
2. The Max setting of the over current protective device in the primary.
𝐼𝑀𝐴x = 3 x 𝐼𝐹𝐿 = 25.14 Amp
3. The KVASC = __KVA of the bank x 100%__ = 501 KVA x100%
Z% 0.05
= 10020 kVA
4. The symmetrical short circuit in the primary (𝐼𝑆𝐶 𝑆𝑌𝑀 )
ISC SYM = KVA SC = 10020 = 167.68 Amps
x KV x 34.5
5. The asymmetrical short circuit in the primary (𝐼𝑆𝐶 𝑠𝑗𝑚)

ISC sjm = 1.6 x ISC SYM
= 1.6 x 167.68 A
= 268.29 A
The rating of the transformer shall be 3- 167 KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ
distribution transformer with 5% impedance, total expected load is 59.88 %, the rating
of the fuse cut out shall be 40 Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is 25.14 Amp.,
the L.A. shall be line type.
F-7
LOAD / S = AMA

= 250 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 83.33 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41A
= 160.66 A
F-7
LOAD / S = ICCT

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 6000 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41A
= 160.66 A
distribution transformer with 5% impedance, total expected load is 66.67 %,
the rating of the fuse cut out shall be 20 Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is
15.06 Amp., the L.A. shall be line type.
30
MAPUA
250 KVA Total
maximum Demand = 250 KVA

= 250 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 83.33 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA

x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
The rating of the transformer shall be 3

%, the rating
of the fuse cut out shall be 15.06 Amp., the L.A. shall be line type.
31
BCC
250 KVA

= 250 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 83.33 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV = 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
The rating of the transformer shall be 3

%, the rating
of the fuse cut out shall be 20 15.06
Amp., the L.A. shall be line type.
FORM 5
PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, KILO-VOLT RATING PER MD OF TRANSFORMER
Load Schedule of Feeder No: 3

24 501
25 300
26 300
27 300
28 300
29 300
30 300
31 300
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL LOAD: 2601

FEED
ER 4
(COMMERCIAL/ INDUSTRIAL LOADS)

LOAD / S = ALFAMART

F-7

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
1. IFL (primary full load current ) = __kVA Rating of Bank__ = ( 300 )
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
of the fuse cut out shall be 20 Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is 15.06
FAMILY MART
200 KVA Total

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
The rating of the transformer shall be 3 100

%, the rating
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

distribution transformer with 5% impedance, total expected load is 66.67
Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is
F-7

LOAD / S = UNILEVER

= 700 KVA /3 -333 KVA x100%
= 70.07 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 16.72 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 19980 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 334.36
= 534.98
of the fuse cut out shall be 65 Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is 50.16 Amp., the
L.A. shall be line type.
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
ST.FRANCIS SQUARE
500 KVA Total

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 15000 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 251.02 A
= 401.63

%, the rating
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7
of the fuse cut out shall be 50 37.65 Amp.,
LOAD / S = SKYRANCH

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
PUREGOLD
200 KVA Total

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7
%, the rating
of the fuse cut out shall be 20 15.06 Amp.,
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
MASERATI
500 KVA Total

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 15000 kVA
x KV x 34.5

The rating of the transformer shall be 3- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

distribution transformer with 5% impedance, total expected load is 66.67 of
the fuse cut out shall be Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is the
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
= 1.6 x 251.02 A
= 401.63
250
%, the rating
50
TOYOTA
500 KVA Total

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 15000 kVA

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 251.02 A
= 401.63
250
%, the rating
50
FLEX FUEL
200 KVA Total

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
100
%, the rating
20 15.06 Amp.,

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
LESLEY’S
500 KVA Total

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 15000 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 251.02 A
= 401.63
The rating of the transformer shall be 3- 250

%, the rating
KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
50
NISSAN
700 KVA

= 700 KVA /3 -333 KVA x100%
= 70.07 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 16.72 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 19980 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 334.36
= 534.98
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
of the fuse cut out shall be 65 Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is 50.16 Amp., the
O!SAVE
200 KVA

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66

KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
%, the rating
NESTLE
500 KVA

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 15000 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 251.02 A
= 401.63
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7

LOAD / S = UNION BANK

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
FORM 5

32 300
33 300
34 999
35 750
36 300
37 300
38 750
39 501
40 300
41 750
42 999
43 300
44 750
45 300
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL LOAD: 7599

FEEDE
R5
F-7
TRANSFORMER NO. = POLE NO.: T46

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
46
WATSONS
500 KVA Total

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 15000 kVA

x KV x 34.5
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
= 1.6 x 251.02
= 401.63

47
GENERIKA
200 KVA Total

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV = 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =

x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66

%, the rating
of the fuse cut out shall be 20 15.06 Amp., the L.A. shall be line type
48
ALL HOMES
500 KVA Total

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 15000 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 251.02 A
= 401.63

- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7
POLE NO.: T50

TRANSFORMER NO. = 49
LOAD / S = JBL

= 300 KVA /3 -167 KVA x100%
= 59.88 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 8.38 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 10020 kVA
x KV x 34.5

- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

distribution transformer with 5% impedance, total expected load is
F-7
POLE NO.: T51

= 1.6 x 167.68 A
= 268.29 A

59.88 %, the rating
LOAD / S = PRIVATO HOTEL

= 700 KVA /3 -333 KVA x100%
= 70.07 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 16.72 Amp.
Z% 0.05

distribution transformer with 5% impedance, total expected load is %, the rating of the
fuse cut out shall be Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is Amp., the L.A. shall
be line type.
F-7
POLE NO.: T52

= 19980 kVA

x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 334.36 A
= 534.98
333
70.07 65 50.16
LOAD / S = FLYING V

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %

be line type.
F-7
POLE NO.: T53

x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA

x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
100
66.67
20 15.06
LOAD / S = RPN

be line type.
F-7
POLE NO.: T54

= 700 KVA /3 -333 KVA x100%
= 70.07 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 16.72 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 19980 kVA

x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 334.36 A
= 534.98
333

be line type.
F-7
POLE NO.: T55

70.07 65 50.16

be line type.
F-7
POLE NO.: T56

LOAD / S = LAKEVIEW HOSPITAL

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 10020 kVA

x KV x 34.5


distribution transformer with 5% impedance, total expected load is %, the rating
of the fuse cut out shall be Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is Amp.,
F-7
POLE NO.: T57

= 1.6 x 167.68 A
= 268.29
250
66.67
50 37.65
LOAD / S = MANDAUE FOAM

= 300 KVA /3 -167 KVA x100%
= 59.88 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 8.38 Amp.
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

distribution transformer with 5% impedance, total expected load is of the
fuse cut out shall be Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is Amp., the
F-7
POLE NO.: T58

Z% 0.05
= 10020 kVA

x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 167.68 A
= 268.29 A

59.88 %, the rating
40 25.14
LOAD / S = OMRON

KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ
F-7
POLE NO.: T59

= 300 KVA /3 -167 KVA x100%
= 59.88 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 8.38 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 10020 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 167.68 A
= 268.29 A

59.88 %, the rating
40 25.14
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7
POLE NO.: T60

LOAD / S = ANGEL’S BURGER

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA

x KV x 34.5
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7
POLE NO.: T61

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66

%, the rating
of the fuse cut out shall be 20 15.06 Amp., the L.A. shall be line type.
LOAD / S = GAISANO MALL

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 10020 kVA
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ
F-7
POLE NO.: T62

x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 167.68 A
= 268.29

%, the rating
LOAD / S = MEDICAL CITY

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7
POLE NO.: T63

x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 15000 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 251.02 A
= 401.63

%, the rating
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7
POLE NO.: T64

LOAD / S = GLOBE

= 800 KVA /3 -333 KVA x100%
= 80.08 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 16.72 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 19980 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 334.36 A
= 534.98

80.08 %, the rating
FORM 5
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ


46 750
47 300
48 750
49 501
50 999
51 300
52 999
53 750
54 501
55 501
56 300
57 750
58 750
59 999
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL LOAD: 9150

FEED
ER 6
F-7
POLE NO.: T60

LOAD / S = PANASONIC

= 300 KVA /3 -167 KVA x100%
= 59.88 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 8.38 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 10020 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 167.68 A
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7
POLE NO.: T61

= 268.29 A

59.88 %, the rating
LOAD / S = HAIER

= 300 KVA /3 -167 KVA x100%
= 59.88 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 8.38 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 10020 kVA
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ
Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is Amp.,
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 167.68 A
= 268.29 A

59.88
of the fuse cut out shall be 40 25.14 62 PEPSI
500 KVA Total

= 500 KVA /3 -250 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 12.55 Amp.
Z% 0.05
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

distribution transformer with 5% impedance, total expected load is %, the rating Amp.
Fuse Link. The maximum rating is
F-7
POLE NO.: T63

= 10020 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 167.68 A
= 268.29

66.67
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
63
LANDBANK
300 KVA Total

= 300 KVA /3 -167 KVA x100%
= 59.88 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 8.38 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 10020 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 167.68 A
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
= 268.29 A

59.88
of the fuse cut out shall be 40 25.14 64
RICHMOND HOTEL
700 KVA Total

= 700 KVA /3 -333 KVA x100%
= 70.07 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 16.72 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 19980 kVA
x KV x 34.5
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =

= 1.6 x 334.36 A
= 534.98

70.07
65
MARCO POLO HOTEL
700 KVA Total

= 700 KVA /3 -333 KVA x100%
= 70.07 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 16.72 Amp.
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
Z% 0.05
= 19980 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 334.36 A
= 534.98

70.07
66
TESDA
300 KVA Total

= 300 KVA /3 -167 KVA x100%
= 59.88 %
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV = 8.38
Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 10020 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 167.68 A
= 268.29 A

59.88
- KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
67
SHAKEY’S
200 KVA Total

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66

66.67
KVA, 34.5kV,230 / 115 V, 60 Hz, 1Φ

F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
68
DOMINO
200 KVA Total

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
of the fuse cut out shall be 20 15.06 the L.A. shall be line type.
F-7
%, the rating Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is

Amp.,

LOAD / S = SOUTHSTAR DRUG

= 200 KVA /3 -100 KVA x100%
= 66.67 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 5.02 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 600 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 100.41 A
= 160.66
F-7

LOAD / S =
MAXIMUM DEMAND =
%, the rating Amp. Fuse Link. The maximum rating is

Amp.,
F-7

LOAD / S = STAR CITY

= 700 KVA /3 -333 KVA x100%
= 70.07 %
x 34.5 kV. x 34.5kV
= 16.72 Amp.
Z% 0.05
= 19980 kVA
x KV x 34.5

= 1.6 x 334.36 A
= 534.98
FORM 5

60 501
61 501
62 750
63 501
64 999
65 999
66 501
67 300
68 470
69 470
70 999
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL LOAD: 6991

SUBSTATION
INTRODUCTION
The power substation is a crucial component of the electrical distribution system,
particularly in industrial or large commercial applications. It converts the purchased-
power voltage into a lower level suitable for secondary distribution. The complexity of
the substation varies based on the establishment's size and needs. Adequate protective
relaying is essential to ensure the continuity and reliability of service, maintenance ease
and safety of equipment and operators. A simple radial substation requires basic
protective relays like fuses and overcurrent relays, while larger double-ended substations
require more complex relays like differential and directional relays. This paper outlines
standard practices for employing protective relays in simple radial and double-ended
parallel substations. While this paper does not provide protection setting details, it
provides practitioners with basic knowledge of the importance of proper protection and
its condition.
GENERAL PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY

Protective relays are applied in power system to detect faults or intolerable operating
conditions and isolate as fast as possible the faulted or troubled portion or equipment
from the healthy or unaffected portion of the power system. The protective relays shall as
much as possible cover overlapping zones to ensure complete protection at the zone
boundaries.
1. MANDATORY STANDARDS
System and equipment protection shall at a minimum requirement conform to the
Philippine Electrical Code.
2. STANDARD PRACTICE IN POWER SUBSTATION RELAYING
2.1 Protection for Simple-Radial Substation
The protection of a simple radial substation is shown in Fig. 1. The following are
discussions in the way the protections are selected.
4.1.1 Feeders to non-motor load s are selected to be protected by Molded Case Circuit
Breaker (MCCB) with thermal-magnetic elements. The thermal element will protect
circuit against overload, while the magnetic element will protect circuit against faults
4.1.2 Feeders to motor loads are usually of the combination motor starter type. It is
consisting of thermal overload relay to protect the motor and conductor against overload,
and a Motor Circuit Protection (MCP) to protect the circuit against faults. The larger size
of motors must be protected against ground faults by an instantaneous ground over-
current relay (50GS) through a zero-sequence current transformer.
4.1.3. The low voltage bus incomer is usually protected by low Voltage Power circuit
breaker (LVPCB) with Solid State Electronic Trip Unit having Long-Time, Short-Time,
Instantaneous, and Ground Fault adjustments. In the case of a bus incomer, the
instantaneous element shall be kept inoperative because it cannot coordinate with the
outgoing feeder fault protective devices. Also, PEC mandates (except for the power
supply to fire pumps and the likes) that service disconnecting means rated 1000 amperes
or more to be provided with ground fault protection.
4.1.4 The primary side of the power transformer is protective with a dual element Current
Limiting Fuse (CLF). The thermal element of the CLF will protect the circuit against
heavy overloads, while the magnetic element will provide protection against short
circuits. The proper selection of CLF is as described in Art. 4.3.1.
4.2 Protection for MV Radial Substation (2.4kV,
4.16kV) (See fig. 2)
4.2.1 Loads on MV systems are usually MV motors. These systems are low resistance
grounded so that combination motor starter can be used.
4.2.2 Instantaneous ground overcurrent relay (50GS) is very efficient for motor circuit
ground fault protection. Note that a residual ground fault relay (51N) is not sensitive fir
the purpose because of the limited ground fault current.
4.2.3 Instantaneous phase overcurrent relay is also not suitable in the motor circuit
because the contactor is not capable to interrupt phase faults.
4.2.4 Instantaneous ground fault overcurrent relay (50G) is not recommended at the
primary side especially for large systems because of the possibility of saturating the zero
sequence current transformers.
4.2.5 HV side fuse is not allowed. The reflected secondary side ground fault current is too
low for a HV side fuse to provide back-up for unclean downstream faults.
4.3 Double-Ended Substation with Fuses in the HV
Side (See fig. 3)
4.3.1 Transformer differential (87T) is required for transformer above 5 MVA.
4.3.2 Directional phase (67) is required to protect against back feeding to unclear faults.
4.3.3 Partial differential relay (51) is provided to improved selectivity on feeder and bus
faults.
4.3.4 Auxiliary CT is required to balance the main CT current when the system is
resistance grounded.
4.3.5 Residually connected ground fault relays (51N) are not applicable at the low voltage
side.
4.3.6 87N is added to provide differential ground fault protection at the secondary side of
the power transformer.
3. DIFFERENTIAL GROUND FAULT PROTECTION (87N OR 64)
A simple ground fault (51N) will not provide effective protection to cover for a wye
connected transformer winding especially when the neutral is grounded though a resistor.
The degree of protection is very much improved when a differential or restricted ground
fault protection is applied as shown in Fig. 5. In this scheme, the residual current of the
three-line current transformers has to be balanced against the output of the current
transformer in the neutral circuit by an auxiliary transformer. The system is operative for
faults within the zone of the current transformers, and will remain stable for all faults
outside this zone.
Gener Device Definition
al No. and Function:
Techni 1. Master element is the initiating
cal
device, such as a control switch voltage
and
relay, float switch, etc. which serves
Applic
ation either directly, or through such
Infor permissive devices as protective and
matio time-delay relays to place equipment in
n or out of operation.
Device Definition and Function The 2. Time-delay starting, closing
devices in switching equipment are relay is a device, which function is to
referred to by numbers, with appropriate give a desired amount of time delay
suffix letters when necessary, according before or after any point of operation in a
to the function they perform. switching sequence or protective relay
These numbers are based on a system system, except as specifically provided
adopted as standard for automatic by device functions 48, 62 and 79.
switchgear by IEEE, and incorporated in 3. Checking or interlocking relay
American Standard C37.2-1970. This is a device which operate in response to
system is used in connection diagrams, in the position of a number of other
instruction books, and in specifications. devices, (or to a number of
predetermined conditions), in equipment, 8. Control power disconnecting
to allow an operating sequence to device is a disconnecting device – such
proceed, to stop, or to provide a check of as a knife switch, circuit breaker or
the positions of these devices or of these pullout fuse block, used for the purpose
conditions for any purpose. of connection and disconnecting the
4. Master contactor is a device, source of power to and from the control
generally controlled by device No. 1 or bus of equipment. Note: Control power
equivalent, and the required permissive is considered to include auxiliary power,
and protective devices, that serve to which supplies such apparatus as small
make and break the necessary control motors and heaters.
circuits to place equipment into 9. Reversing device is used for the
operation under the desired conditions purpose of reversing a machine field or
and to take it out of operation under for performing any other reversing
other or abnormal conditions. functions.
5. Stopping device is a control 10. Unit sequence switch is used to
device used primarily to shut down change the sequence in which units may
equipment and hold it out of operation, be placed in and out of service in
[This device, may be manually or multiple-unit equipment. 11. Reserved
electrically actuated, but excludes the for future application. 12. Over-speed
function of electrical lockout (see device device is usually a direct-connected
function 86) on abnormal conditions.] speed switch which functions on
6. Starting circuit breaker is a machine over-speed.
device whose principal function is to 13. Synchronous-speed device, such
connect a machine to its source of as a centrifugal-speed switch, a slip
starting voltage. frequency relay, a voltage relay, an
7. Anode circuit breaker is one undercurrent relay or any type of device,
used in the anode circuits of a power operates at approximately equal to that of
rectifier for the primary purpose of other machine, source or system.
interrupting the rectifier circuit if an arc 14. Under-speed device functions
back should occur. when the speed of the machine fails
below a pre-determined value.
15. Speed of frequency, matching Note: The function of the valve may be
device function to match and hold the indicated by the use of the suffixes, see
speed or the frequency of a machine or page 5.
of a system equal to that of another 21. Distance relay is a device, which
machine, source or system. 16. Reserved functions when the circuit admittance,
for future application. impedance or reactance increases or
17. Shunting or discharge switch decreases beyond pre-determined limits.
serves to open or to close a shunting 22. Equalizer circuit breaker which
circuit around and piece of apparatus serves to control or to make and break
(except a resistor), such a machine field, the equalizer of the current balancing
a machine armature, a capacitor or a connections for a machine field, or for
reactor. Note: This excludes devices, regulating equipment, in a multiple unit
which perform such shunting operations installation.
as may be necessary in the process of 23. Temperature control device,
starting a machine by devices 6 or 42, or functions to raise or to lower the
their equivalent, and also excludes temperature of a machine or other
device 73 function which serves for the apparatus of any medium, when its
switching of resistors. temperature fails below, or rises above,
18. Accelerating or decelerating pre-determined value.
device is used to close or to cause the Note: An example is a thermostat which
closing of circuits which are used to switches on a space heater in a
increase or to decrease the speed of a switchgear assembly when the
machine. temperature falls to a desired value as
19. Starting to running distinguished from a device, which is
transmission contactor device, which used to provide automated temperature
operates to initiate or cause the automatic regulation between close limits and
transfer of a machine from the starting to would be designated as 90T. 24.
the running power connection. Reserved for future application. 25.
20. Electrically operated valve is an Synchronizing or synchronismcheck
electrically operated, controlled or device operates when two ac circuits are
monitored valve in a fluid line. within the desired limits of frequency,
phase angle or voltage, to permit or to synchronous converter, to a source of
cause the paralleling of these two separate excitation during the starting
circuits. sequence; or one which energizes the
26. Apparatus thermal device excitation and ignition circuits of a
functions when the temperature of the power rectifier.
shunt field or the amortisseur winding of 32. Directional power relay is one
a machine, or that of a load limiting or which function on a desired value of
load shifting resistor or of a liquid or power flow in a given direction, upon
other medium exceeds a pre-determine reverse power resulting from arc back in
value; or if the temperature of the the anode or cathode circuits of a power
protected apparatus, such as power rectifier.
rectifier, or any medium decreases below 33. Position switch makes or breaks
a pre-determined value. contact when the main device or piece of
27. Under voltage relay is a device, apparatus, which has no device function
which functions on a given value under number, reaches a given position.
voltage. 34. Master sequence device is a
28. Frame detector is a device that device such as motor operated multi-
monitors the presence of the pilot or contact switch, or the equivalent or a
main flame in such apparatus as a gas programming device, such as a computer
turbine or steam boiler. that establishes or determines the
29. Isolating contactor operating sequences of the major devices
disconnecting one circuit from operation, in the equipment during starting and
maintenance, or test. stopping or during other sequential
30. Annunciator relay is a switching operations.
nonautomatically reset device that gives 35. Brush operating, or slip ring-
a number of separate visual indications short circuiting device is used for
upon the functioning of protective raising, lowering, or shifting the brushes
devices, and which may also arrange to of a machine, or for short-circuiting its
perform a lockout function. slip rings, or for engaging or disengaging
31. Separate excitation device the contacts of a mechanical rectifier. 36.
connects a circuit as the shunt field of a Polarity or polarizing voltage device
operates or permits the operation of 42. Running circuit breaker is a
another device on predetermined polarity device whose principal function is to
only or verifies the presence of a connect a machine source of running or
polarizing voltage in equipment. operating voltage. This function may
37. Undercurrent or underpower also be used for a device such as a
relay functions when the current or the contactor, that is used in series with a
power flow decreases below a series breaker or other fault protecting
predetermined value. means, primarily for frequent opening
38. Bearing protective device and closing of the circuit.
function on excessive bearing 43. Manual transfer or selector
temperature, or on other abnormal device transfers the control circuits so as
mechanical conditions, such as undue to modify the plan of operation of the
wear, which may eventually result in switching equipment or some of the
excessive bearing temperature. devices.
39. Mechanical condition monitor 44. Unit sequence starting relay is a
is a device that function upon the device which functions to start the next
occurrence of an abnormal mechanical available unit equipment on the failure or
condition (except that associated with the non-availability of the normally
bearings as covered under device proceeding unit.
function 38), such as excessive vibration, 45. Atmospheric condition monitor
eccentricity, expansion, shock tilting or is a device that functions upon the
seal failure. occurrence of the abnormal atmospheric
40. Field relay functions on a given condition, such as damaging fumes,
or abnormally low value or low or failure explosives mixture, smoke or fire.
of the machine field current in an ac 46. Reverse-phase or phase-
machine indicating abnormally low field balance, current relay is a relay which
excitation. functions when the polyphaser currents
41. Field circuit breaker is a device, are of reverse phase sequence, or when
which function to apply or to remove, the polyphaser currents are unbalance or
the field excitation of a machine. contain negative phase sequence
components above a given amount. 47.
Phase sequence voltage relay functions excessive rate of current rise, thus
upon predetermined value of polyphaser indicating a fault in the apparatus of
voltage in the desired phase sequence. circuit being protected.
48. Incomplete sequence relay is a relay 52. Ac circuit breaker is a device that is
that generally returns the equipment used to close and interrupt an ac
to the normal, or off, position and power circuit under normal
locks it out if the normal staring, conditions or to interrupt this circuit
operating or stopping sequences is under fault or emergency conditions.
not properly completed within a 53. Exciter or DC generator relay is a
predetermined time. If the device is relay that forces the dc machine field
used for alarm purposes only, it excitation to build up during starting
should preferably be designed as 48A or which functions when the machine
(alarm). voltage has built up to a given value.
49. Machine or transformer, thermal 54. Reversed for future application.
relay is a relay that functions when 55. Power factor relay is a relay that
temperature of a machine armature or operates when the power factor in an
other load carrying winding or ac circuit rises above or
element of a machine, or the below a predetermined value.
temperature of a power rectifier or 56. Field application relay is a relay
power transformer (including a that automatically controls the
power rectifier transformer) exceeds application of the field excitation to
a predetermined value. an ac motor at some predetermined
50. Instantaneous overcurrent, or point in a slip cycle. 57. Short
rateof-rise relay is a relay that circuiting or grounding device is a
functions instantaneously on an primary circuit switching device that
excessive rate of current rise, thus functions to short-circuit or to ground
indicating a fault in the apparatus of a circuit response to automatic or
circuit being protected. manual means.
51. Ac time overcurrent is a relay that 58. Rectification failure relay is a
functions instantaneously on an device that functions if one or more
excessive rate of current, or an anodes of a power rectifier fail to fire, or
to detect an arc back or an failure of as power circuit of a normally grounded
diode to conduct or block properly. system.
59. Over voltage relay is a relay that 65. Governor is the assembly of
functions on a given value of fluid electrical or mechanical control
overvoltage. 60. Voltage or current equipment used for regulating the flow
balance relay is a relay that operates on of water, steam or other medium to the
a given difference in voltage, or current prime mover such purposes as starting,
input or output of two circuits. holding speed or load or stopping.
61. Reserved for future application. 62. 66. Notching or jogging device
Time delay stopping or opening relay functions to allow only a specified
is a time-delay relay that serves in number of operations of a given device,
conjunction with the device that initiates or equipment or a specified number of
the shutdown, stopping, or opening operations within a given time of each
operation in an automatic sequence. other. It is also functions to energize a
63. Pressure Switch is a switch circuit periodically or for fraction of
which operates on given value or on a specified time intervals or that is used to
given rate or change of pressure. permit intermittent acceleration or
64. Ground protective relay is a jogging of a machine at low speeds for
relay that functions on failure of the mechanical positioning.
insulation of a machine, transformer or 67. Ac directional overcurrent
of other apparatus to ground or on relay is relay that functions on a desired
flashover of a dc machine to ground. value of ac overcurrent flowing in a
Note: this function is assigned only to a predetermined direction.
relay, which detects the flow of current 68. Blocking relay is a relay that
from the frame of the machine or initiates a pillow signal for blocking of
enclosing case or structure of piece tripping on external faults in a
apparatus to ground or detects a ground transmission line or other apparatus
on a normally ungrounded winding or under predetermine condition or
circuit. It is not applied to device cooperates with other devices to block
connected in the secondary neutral of tripping or block reclosing on an out-of-
current transformers connected in the step condition or on power swings. 69.
Permissive control devices is generally 75. Position changing mechanism is a
a two position, manually operated switch mechanism that is used for moving a
that in one position permits the closing main device from one position to another
of the circuit breaker of the equipment in equipment, as for example, shifting a
from being operated. removable circuit breaker unit to and
70. Rheostat is a variable resistance from the connected, disconnected and
device used in an electric circuit, which test positions.
is electrically operated or has other 76. DC overcurrent relay is a relay
electrical accessories, such as auxiliary, that function when the current in a dc
position or limit switches. circuit exceeds a given value.
71. Level Switch is a switch which 77. Pulse transmitter is used to
operates on given values or on given rate generate and transmit pulses over
of change, of level. telemetering or pilot-wire circuit to the
72. Load resistor contactor is used remote indicating or receive device.
to close and interrupt a dc power circuit 78. Phase angle measuring, or out-of-
under normal conditions or to interrupt step protective relay is a relay that
this circuit under fault or emergency functions at predetermined phase angle
conditions. between two voltage and current.
73. Load resistor contact is used to 79. AC reclosing relay is a relay that
shunt or insert a step of load limiting, controls the automatic reclosing and
shifting, or indicating resistance in a locking out of an ac circuit interrupter.
power circuit, or to switch a space heater 80. Flows switch is a switch which
in circuit or to switch alight, or operates on given values, or on given
regenerative load resistor of a power rate of change of flow.
rectifier or other machine in and out of 81. Frequency relay is a relay that
circuit. functions on a predetermined value of
74. Alarm relay is a device other frequency-either under or over or on
than annunciator as covered under device normal system frequency or rate of
number 30, which is used to operate, or change of frequency.
to operate in connection with a visual 82.DC reclosing relay is a relay that
audible alarm. controls the automatic closing and
reclosing of a dc circuit interrupter, 88. Auxiliary motor or motor
generally in response to load circuit generator is one used for operating
conditions. auxiliary equipment such as pumps,
83. Automatic selective control or blower, exciters, rotating magnetic
transfer relay is a relay that operates to amplifiers, etc.
select automatically between certain 89. Line switch is used as
sources of condition in equipment or disconnecting load interrupter or
performs a transfer operation isolating switch in an ac or dc power
automatically. circuit, when the device is electrically
84. Operating mechanism is the operated or has electrical accessories,
complete electrical mechanism or such as an auxiliary switch, magnetic
servomechanism, including the operating lock, etc.
motor, solenoids, position switches, etc., 90. Regulating device functions to
for a tap changer, induction regulator or regulate a quantity, or quantities such as
any similar piece of apparatus which has voltage, current, power speed, frequency,
no device function number. temperature, and load at a certain
85. Carrier or pilot-wire receiver (generally close) limits for machines tie
relay is a relay that is operated or lines or other apparatus.
restrained by signal used in connection 91. Voltage device relay is a relay
with carriercurrent or dc pilot-wire fault which operates when the voltage across
directional relaying. the open circuit breaker or contractor
86. Locking-out relay is an exceeds a given value in a given
electrically operated hand, or electrically direction.
reset relay that functions to shut down 92. Voltage and power directional
and hold an equipment out of service on relay is a relay that permits or causes the
the occurrence of abnormal conditions. connection of two circuits when the
87. Differential protective relay is voltage difference between them exceeds
protective relay that functions on a a given value in a predetermined
percentage or phase angle or another direction and causes these two circuits to
quantitative difference of two currents or be disconnected from each other when
of some other electrical quantities.
the power flowing between them exceeds that it is desirable to identify both these
a given value kin the opposite direction. functions, this may be done by using a
93. Field changing contactor double functions number and name such
functions to increase or decrease in one- as:
step the value of field excitation on a 50/51
machine.
Instant
94. Tripping or trip-free relay aneous
functions to trip a circuit breaker, And
Time
contactor, or equipment or to permit
Overcu
immediate tripping by other devices; or rrent
to prevent immediate reclosure of a Relay
Suffix
circuit interrupter, in case it should open Numbe
automatically even though its closing rs
circuit is maintained closed. 95. Used If two or more devices with the same
only for specific function number and suffix letter (if
96. applications on individual used) are present in the same equipment,
98. the assigned numbered they may be numbered suffixes as for
99. Functions from 1 to 94 suitable. example: 52X-1, 52X-2, and 52X-3
Devices when necessary.
Perfor Suffix
Letters
ming
Suffix Letters are used with device
More
functions numbers for various purposes.
Than
In order to prevent possible conflict each
One
suffix letter should have only one
Functio
n
If one device performs two relatively
important functions in an equipment so
meaning in individual equipment. all other 52 or 43
words should use an abbreviation as CC A
contained in ANSY 1.1 latest revision or

should use some other distinctive
abbreviation, or be written out in fell each
time they are used. The meaning of each
single suffix letter, or combination of letters,
should be clearly designated in the legend in
the drawings or publication applying to the
equipment.
Lower case (small) suffix letter is used
in practically all instances’ diagrams for
the auxiliary, position, and limit
switches. Capital letters are generally for
all other suffix letters.
The letter should generally form part of
the device function designation, are
usually written directly after device
function number as for example, 52DC,

71w, or 49D.When necessary to use two
types of suffix letters in connection with
one function number it is often desirable
for clarity to separate them by slanted
line or dash as for example, 20D/CS or
20DCs.
The suffix letters which denote parts of the
main device, and those which cannot or
need not form part of the device function
designation, are generally written
directly below the device function number
on drawings as for example
DRAWINGS
THREE PHASE TRANSMISSION LINE DEAD END STRUCTURE AT 150 SPAN
ELECTRICAL SERVICE FROM THE

GENERATOR TO THE CUSTOMER
TRANSMISSION LINE POLE FRAMING FOR
STRUCTURE TP-1
ITEM DESCRIPTION OF MATERIALS A

MANUFACTURERS MARK & DATE OF
TREATMENT B IF INSURED
WARRANTED POLE BRAND “IW”
C BRAND WITH PROPER LENGTH & CLASS D BRAND
WITH SPECIES PRESERVATIVE CODE & RETENTION
E BRAND WITH PROPER LENGTH & CLASS ON BUTT
POLE FRAMING
ALL POLES TREATED FULL LENGTH
MUST BE BORED ROOFED & GAINED BEFORE
TREATMENT GAINS ARE TO BE FLAT
WITH PLANE AT RIGHT ANGLE TO BOLT HOLES
FOR FIELD GAINS FULL LENGTH TREATED POLES METAL GAINS
ARE PREFERRED.ROOFS MAY BE FLAT OR AT AN ANGLE OF 15⁰ AT THE
SUPPLIERS OPTION.
AIR BREAK SWITCH IN CLOSED POSITION
(WITH ARCING HORNS)
POLE MOUNTED AIR-BRAKE SWITCH IN OPEN

POSITION
CONDUCTOR HANGER MOUNTING
CONTACT PRONGS
CONDUCTOR
PORCELEIN HOUSING
CUTOUT DOOR
CONTACT PRONG
HANGER MOUNTING
FUSE & FUSE HOLDER
(CARTRIDGE) CONVENTIONAL DISPOSABLE
TRANSFORMER
SPOOL INSULATOR BONDING IN CLAMP
MOUNTED ON ASECONDARY RACK

INSULATOR
POST TYPE
PIN TYPE
PIN AND POST TYPE INSULATOR
3 PHASE DOUBLE CKT. VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION WITH DOUBLE DOWN
GUY, 90⁰ TO 30⁰ ANGLE
MATERIAL
ITEM NO. d WASHER, 2.25’X2.25’X3/16”
14 π SUSPENSION INSULATOR
24 ch LOCKNUT, 5/8’
14 sg 8
EYENUT 5/8”
b 9 COMPRESION CONNECTOR t 14
DEAD END CLAMP
c 14 MACHINE BOLT 5/8’
j 4 LAG SCREW 1/2”X4”
v 2 GUY ATTACHMENT; THROUGH BOLT TYPE y
2 GUY WIRE 5-14 7 STRANDS 50’ u 4
GUY CLAMP 3-BOLTS; HD
th 2 CLAMP GUY BOND g 2
ANCHOR EXPANDING TYPE n 2
ANCHOR NOD TWIN EYE THREE 6-PIN
ARM MOUNTED ON A POLE
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM FROM GENERATOR TO FEEDER
LIGHTING ARRESTER
DIM SWITCH
OCB GROUND
HIGH TENSION BUS
TRANSFORMER
LOW TENSION BUS
GENERATOR
G
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
FEEDER 4 FEEDER 5 FEEDER 6 FEEDER 1

FEEDER 3 FEEDER 2
TRANSFORMER
G
POLE PIN FOR ATTACHING PIN INSULATOR
MOUNTING A SINGLE DISTRIBUTION ARM ON A POLE
CROSS SECTION OF THE

ARM
PROFILE CROSS-SECTION
SHOWING POLE MOUNTING A

DOUBLE CROSS ARM
REFERE
NCE
REFERENCE:
TO COMPUTE FUSE LINK
Use:
FUSE LINK SIZES:
CIRCULAR MIL TABLE:

DISTRISHIT

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DISTRISHIT

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UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

Jerry P. Calub Jr.

ENGR. MICHAEL L. PASCUA, REE, MSCM Instructor

2nd Sem. S.Y. 2023-

April 12, 2024

ENGR. MICHAEL L. PASCUA, REE, MSCM

I am hoping that the design will merit your approval.

Jerry P. Calub Jr.

This design entitled Electrical Power Transmission and Distribution System

presented by Jerry P. Calub is hereby approved and accepted in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in

Electrical Engineering – Distribution System and Substation Design.

ENGR. MICHAEL L. PASCUA, REE, MSCM

April 12, 2024

The researcher’s FAMILY, for their love, support and care;

strength, patience, and for the blessing and guidance he provided.

Jerry P. Calub Jr.

This project will serve as a way to express my heartfelt gratitude for my

This project is not just a personal accomplishment but a family achievement.

Thank you to my family, my girlfriend and my friends.

With love and gratitude,

topic desired can be located easily.

distribution systems have been compiled.

II. COMPONENTS OF AN ELECTRIC POWER

A. Power Station/Generating Station

Figure 1. Schematic View of Classical Power System

III. POWER FAILURES

IV. VOLTAGE REGULATION

V. WORLD ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION

RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

CONTROL AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES

3 INCANDESCENT LAMP 50W = 150W

SMALL APPLIANCE LOAD

GENERAL POWER SERVICE

1 1/6 HP 124.33W = 124.33W

TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD

3 INCANDESCENT LAMP 50W = 150W

SMALL APPLIANCE LOAD

GENERAL POWER SERVICE

TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD

SMALL APPLIANCE LOAD

GENERAL POWER SERVICE

TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD

SMALL APPLIANCE LOAD

GENERAL POWER SERVICE

TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD

RESIDENTIAL LOAD TYPE E

SMALL APPLIANCE LOAD

GENERAL POWER SERVICE

TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD

RESIDENTIAL LOAD TYPE F

SMALL APPLIANCE LOAD

GENERAL POWER SERVICE

TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD

B 695.3 5746.7 7.58

C 668.6 3366.4 4.75

D 454.6 3366.4 4.50

E 489.6 1918.3 2.8

F 460.8 1692.8 2.5

Total Maximum Demand of Transformer 59.32 KVA

Transformer No. 1 is installed at Pole No. T1

RESIDENTIAL LOADS F-3

SECONDARY WIRE COMPUTATION

Actual DC Voltage Drop = (24 x d x l)/ CM

= 24 x __ x _ /_ =____ volts

= 24 x __ x _ /_ =____ volts

= 24 x __ x _ /_ =____ volts

= 24 x __ x _ /_ =____ volts

= 24 x __ x _ /_ =____ volts

= 24 x __ x _ /_ =____ volts

= 24 x __ x _ /_ =____ volts