HYDRAULICS PRELIM

QUIZ#2 SOLUTION
SET A
Situation 1. For the dam shown, what is the minimum width of b for the base of a dam, 100ft high if hydrostatic
uplift is assumed to vary uniformly from full hydrostatic head at the heel to zero at the toe, and also assuming
an ice thrust P1 of 12,480 lb per linear foot of dam at the top. The resultant of the reacting forces is at the
downstream edge of the middle third of the base and the specific gravity of the concrete is 2.5.

𝐹𝐻 = 62.4pcf 50ft 100ft 1𝑓𝑡 = 312,000𝑙𝑏

𝑊1 = 2.5(62.4𝑝𝑐𝑓) 20𝑓𝑡 100𝑓𝑡 1𝑓𝑡 = 312,000𝑙𝑏

1
𝑊2 = 2.5 62.4 𝑏 − 20 100 1 = 7800𝑏 − 156,000
2
1
𝑈 = 62.4𝑝𝑐𝑓 100𝑓𝑡 𝑏 1𝑓𝑡 = 3120𝑏 𝑙𝑏
2
Situation 1. For the dam shown, what is the minimum width of b for the base of a dam, 100ft high if hydrostatic
uplift is assumed to vary uniformly from full hydrostatic head at the heel to zero at the toe, and also assuming
an ice thrust P1 of 12,480 lb per linear foot of dam at the top. The resultant of the reacting forces is at the
downstream edge of the middle third of the base and the specific gravity of the concrete is 2.5.

෍ 𝑀𝑅𝑦 = 0

100𝑓𝑡 2 𝑏 2 20𝑓𝑡
312,000 + 3120𝑏 𝑏− − 312,000 𝑏−
3 3 3 3 2
2 𝑏 − 20 𝑏
− 7800𝑏 − 156,000 − + 12,480 100𝑓𝑡 = 0
3 3

𝑏 = 75𝑓𝑡
Situation 2: The trapezoidal vessel shown, with 0.3m deep of water, is moving to the right

ℎ
tan 60° = ; ℎ = 0.433𝑚
0.25𝑚

𝑦 = 0.433𝑚 − 0.3𝑚 = 0.133𝑚

𝑥 0.25𝑚
= ; 𝑥 = 0.173𝑚
0.3𝑚 0.433𝑚
Situation 2: The trapezoidal vessel shown, with 0.3m deep of water, is moving to the right

a. Maximum horizontal acceleration without spilling any water.

𝑉𝑎𝑖𝑟1 = 𝑉𝑎𝑖𝑟2 0.302𝑚 (sin 60°)

tan 𝜃 =
4.5𝑚 − 0.302𝑚 (cos 60°)
1 1
(4.5𝑚 + 4.346𝑚)(0.133𝑚) = (4.5𝑚)(𝑧)(sin 60°)
2 2 tan 𝜃 = 0.06014

𝑧 = 0.302𝑚 𝑎 = 9.81𝑚/𝑠 2 0.06014 = 0.59𝑚/𝑠²

Situation 2: The trapezoidal vessel shown, with 0.3m deep of water, is moving to the right

b. Volume of water spilled in liters when a = 1m/s².

1
𝜃= tan−1 = 5.82°
9.81

The tetha required for water to be at corner:

−1
0.433𝑚
𝜃 = tan = 5.82°
4.5𝑚 − 0.25𝑚

Volume Spilled:

1 1
𝑉𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 4.346𝑚 + 4𝑚 0.3𝑚 1𝑚 − 0.5𝑚 4𝑚 (sin 120°)(1𝑚)
2 2

𝑉𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 1.2519𝑚3 − 0.866𝑚3 = 0.3859𝑚³

Situation 3: If a 4kg steel plate is attached to one end of a 0.15m x 0.35m x 1m wooden pole, what is
the length of the pole above the water? Use s.g. of wood of 0.45 and that of steel 7.85.

𝑊𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 = 1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 0.45 0.15 (0.35)(1) = 23.625𝑘𝑔

𝑊𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 4𝑘𝑔

𝐹𝐵𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 = 1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 0.15 0.35 𝑑 = 52.5𝑑

4𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = = 0.00050955𝑚³
𝑘𝑔
1000 3 (7.85)
𝑚

𝐹𝐵𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 0.00050955𝑚³ = 0.5096𝑘𝑔

23.625𝑘𝑔 + 4𝑘𝑔 = 52.5(1 − 𝑦) + 0.5096𝑘𝑔

𝑦 = 0.484𝑚
Situation 4: A spherical balloon, 8m in diameter, is filled with helium gas weighed 1.79 N/m³. The
balloon is anchored by a rope to the ground. If the balloon weighs 15kg without inflating it, and the
unit weight of air is 11.76N/m³, Determine the tension on the rope.

𝑊1 = 15𝑘𝑔 9.81𝑚/𝑠 2 = 147.15𝑁

3
4 8𝑚
𝑊2 = 1.79𝑁/𝑚3 𝜋 = 479.87𝑁
3 2

3
4 8𝑚
𝐹𝐵 = 11.76𝑁/𝑚3 𝜋 = 3152.65𝑁
3 2

𝑊 + 𝑇 − 𝐹𝐵 = 0

147.15 + 479.87 − 3152.65 + 𝑇 = 0

𝑇 = 2,525.63 𝑁
SET B
Situation 1. For the dam shown, what is the minimum width of b for the base of a dam, 100ft high if hydrostatic
uplift is assumed to vary uniformly from full hydrostatic head at the heel to zero at the toe, and also assuming
an ice thrust P1 of 12,480 lb per linear foot of dam at the top. The resultant of the reacting forces is at the
downstream edge of the middle third of the base and the specific gravity of the concrete is 2.5.

𝐹𝐻 = 62.4pcf 50ft 100ft 1𝑓𝑡 = 312,000𝑙𝑏

𝑊1 = 2.5(62.4𝑝𝑐𝑓) 20𝑓𝑡 100𝑓𝑡 1𝑓𝑡 = 312,000𝑙𝑏

1
𝑊2 = 2.5 62.4 𝑏 − 20 100 1 = 7800𝑏 − 156,000
2
1
𝑈 = 62.4𝑝𝑐𝑓 100𝑓𝑡 𝑏 1𝑓𝑡 = 3120𝑏 𝑙𝑏
2
Situation 1. For the dam shown, what is the minimum width of b for the base of a dam, 100ft high if hydrostatic
uplift is assumed to vary uniformly from full hydrostatic head at the heel to zero at the toe, and also assuming
an ice thrust P1 of 12,480 lb per linear foot of dam at the top. The resultant of the reacting forces is at the
downstream edge of the middle third of the base and the specific gravity of the concrete is 2.5.

෍ 𝑀𝑅𝑦 = 0

100𝑓𝑡 2 𝑏 2 20𝑓𝑡
312,000 + 3120𝑏 𝑏− − 312,000 𝑏−
3 3 3 3 2
2 𝑏 − 20 𝑏
− 7800𝑏 − 156,000 − + 12,480 100𝑓𝑡 = 0
3 3

𝑏 = 75𝑓𝑡
Situation 2: The trapezoidal vessel shown, with 0.4m deep of water, is moving to the right

ℎ
tan 60° = ; ℎ = 0.520𝑚
0.3𝑚

𝑦 = 0.52𝑚 − 0.4𝑚 = 0.12𝑚

𝑥 0.3𝑚
= ; 𝑥 = 0.231𝑚
0.4𝑚 0.52𝑚
Situation 2: The trapezoidal vessel shown, with 0.4m deep of water, is moving to the right

a. Maximum horizontal acceleration without spilling any water.

𝑉𝑎𝑖𝑟1 = 𝑉𝑎𝑖𝑟2 0.273𝑚 (sin 60°)

tan 𝜃 =
4.6𝑚 − 0.273𝑚 (cos 60°)
1 1
(4.6𝑚 + 4.462𝑚)(0.12𝑚) = (4.6𝑚)(𝑧)(sin 60°)
2 2 tan 𝜃 = 0.052969

𝑧 = 0.273𝑚 𝑎 = 9.81𝑚/𝑠 2 0.052969 = 0.52𝑚/𝑠²

Situation 2: The trapezoidal vessel shown, with 0.4m deep of water, is moving to the right

b. Volume of water spilled in liters when a = 1.185m/s².

1.185
𝜃= tan−1 = 6.89°
9.81

The tetha required for water to be at corner:

−1
0.52𝑚
𝜃 = tan = 6.89°
4.6𝑚 − 0.3𝑚

Volume Spilled:

1 1
𝑉𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 4.462𝑚 + 4𝑚 0.4𝑚 1𝑚 − 0.6𝑚 4𝑚 (sin 120°)(1𝑚)
2 2

𝑉𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 1.6924𝑚3 − 1.0392𝑚3 = 0.6532𝑚³

Situation 3: If a 5kg steel plate is attached to one end of a 0.1m x 0.3m x 1.2m wooden pole, what is
the length of the pole above the water? Use s.g. of wood of 0.5 and that of steel 7.85.

𝑊𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 = 1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 0.5 0.1 (0.3)(1.2) = 18𝑘𝑔

𝑊𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 5𝑘𝑔

𝐹𝐵𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 = 1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 0.1 0.3 𝑑 = 30𝑑

5𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = = 0.00063694𝑚³
𝑘𝑔
1000 3 (7.85)
𝑚

𝐹𝐵𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 0.00063694𝑚³ = 0.6369𝑘𝑔

18𝑘𝑔 + 5𝑘𝑔 = 30(1.2 − 𝑦) + 0.6369𝑘𝑔

𝑦 = 0.455𝑚
Situation 4: A spherical balloon, 9m in diameter, is filled with helium gas weighed 1.85 N/m³. The
balloon is anchored by a rope to the ground. If the balloon weighs 20kg without inflating it, and the
unit weight of air is 8.95N/m³, Determine the tension on the rope.

𝑊1 = 20𝑘𝑔 9.81𝑚/𝑠 2 = 196.2𝑁

3
4 9𝑚
𝑊2 = 1.85𝑁/𝑚3 𝜋 = 706.15𝑁
3 2

3
4 9𝑚
𝐹𝐵 = 8.95𝑁/𝑚3 𝜋 = 3416.25𝑁
3 2

𝑊 + 𝑇 − 𝐹𝐵 = 0

196.2 + 706.15 − 3416.25 + 𝑇 = 0

𝑇 = 2,513.9 𝑁