Mid-West University

Central Campus of Engineering

Surkhet

Repair & Retrofitting Techniques of Structure (MSTR708)

By:

Vijay Kumar Pandit

Asst. Professor, MSc in Structural Engineering

Email: vijaykpst@gmail.com or vijay.pandit@mu.edu.np

Cell: 9848057598
 Chapter-1
(Introduction to the seismic evaluation and retrofit)

Basics of Seismic evaluation and rehabilitation

Table of Content
• Basics principles of Seismic Evaluation
• Terminology such as Repair, Restore and Retrofitting
• Basics of seismic retrofitting
 Seismic Evaluation:
Seismic Evaluation is the assessment of existing buildings
for:
• Available Strength
• Expected performance in earthquakes
• Structural Safety
• Necessity of rehabilitation
Objectives of seismic evaluation:
 Access ability of an existing building to reach an adequate
level of performance related to life safety of occupants.
 Emphasis is on identification of unfavorable characteristics of
the building that could damage either part of a building or the
entire building
Seismic Evaluation
Seismic Assessment and Damage Assessment
Building Performance Levels
Definition of Structural Performance
Definition of Structural Performance
 Seismic Retrofitting

Reasons for Seismic Retrofitting:

 Lack of understanding by designers
 Deficiencies in design codes
 Up-gradation of seismic design requirements
 Advancement of engineering knowledge
 Inconsistency between the design and actual construction
at site
 Damage during past Earthquake
 Seismic Retrofitting

Three levels of Improvement

• Repair: Cosmetic Modification
• Restore: Structural Repair (Original performance)
• Strengthen: Higher performance
Comparison of Repair/Restore/Strengthening
 Repair

• Repair is a Cosmetic Treatment

• It Brings back original architectural shape
• It does not restore the original strength of the structure
• It is patching up in areas of cracks and fall of plaster;
repairing doors, windows, replacement of glass panes; re-
building partition walls, parapet walls, chimneys; re-
plastering of walls; redecoration, etc.
 Restore

• Structural strengthening to regain the original strength of

the structure
• Removal of portions of cracked walls and rebuilding them
strongly with richer mortar; addition of reinforcing mesh
on the cracked walls; Injecting grout into the cracks, etc.
 Strengthening

• Increase the strength of the structure to withstand the

future earthquakes
• Providing reinforcements or increasing wall areas or the
number of walls and columns; giving unity to the structure
by providing proper connection between structural
members such as connections between roofs or floors and
walls, etc.
Restoration of Buildings
Strengthening Strategies: Technical
 Strengthening Strategies: Managerial
• Management Strategies
• Occupancy change
• Demolition
• Temporary Retrofit
• Phased Retrofit
• Retrofit during occupancy
• Retrofit of vacant building
• Interior Retrofit
• Exterior Retrofit
Strengthening Methods
 Feasibility of Retrofitting

Controlling Factors:
• Cost
• Estimated Time of Implementation
• Disturbance to Occupants

If the cost of retrofitting exceeds 30% of cost of

construction of new building, retrofit is not feasible.
Relative Cost of Rehabilitation objectives
Rehabilitation Cost Components
Options for Seismic Risk Reduction
Thank You