Nepal Safer Schools Project

(NSSP)

Engineers Training on
“Design for Seismic Retrofitting of Masonry Building”

Case Study of Retrofit in Masonry

Buildings: Rigid floor with Splint and
Bandage Method

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Objectives of the Session
At the end of the session, you should be able to:

• Know about the seismic evaluation and retrofit of

masonry building with rigid floor using RC splint and
bandage method

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Retrofit Design of Masonry
Building: Splint and Bandage
Method

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Building Description

Name of School Shree Bunglamukhi Radha

Krishna Tharu Ma V.
Block No. 1
Address Gulariya-6, Bardiya, Nepal
Age of Building 18 years
Shape of Building Rectangular
Footprint area 82.26 sq. m
Length 16.575 m
Width 5.15 m
Attached to another No
block
No. of story 1
Building Typology Unreinforced Brick Masonry in Cement Mortar
Roof RCC Slab, 100 mm thick
Beam Size 230 mm x 230 mm
Wall thickness 350 mm
Buttress 100 mm x 350 mm
Foundation Wall footing of width 1250 mm at foundation depth
of 900 mm
Floor height 3.1 m
Plinth height 150 mm (approx.)
NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)
 Building As Built Drawing

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Building As Built Drawing

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Building As Built Drawing

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Modifications

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Field Investigation and Testing
1. In-situ Shear Test

Shear Strength = 0.26 N/mm2

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)
 Field Investigation and Testing
2. Mortar Penetration Test

Mortar Compressive Strength = 2.5 N/mm2

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Field Investigation and Testing
3. Brick Compressive Strength Test
• Three sample bricks extracted from the building in
its current state
• Compression test performed on them at lab
• Average of the compressive strength from these
samples taken – found to be 12.67 N/mm2

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Field Investigation and Testing
4. Foundation exploration

Intact 1250 mm wide and 900mm deep masonry

wall footing observed
NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)
 Material Properties
Existing Masonry (Brick in Cement Masonry)
S.N. Properties Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Modulus of Elasticity Em 2569 MPa Em= 550fk
2 Poisson’s Ratio ν 0.25
3 Shear Modulus G 1028 MPa
4 Unit Weight W 19 KN/m3
5 Characteristic compressive fk 4.67 MPa fk= K x fb0.7 x fj0.3 for
strength of masonry fb =12.67 MPa and
fj = 2.5 MPa
(Laboratory test)
6 Average compressive strength fm 6.67 MPa fk/0.7
of masonry
7 Shear strength under zero fvmo 0.26 MPa In-situ shear test
compressive stress
8 Upper limit value of the shear fvlim 2.20 MPa fvlim= 0.065 x fb
resistance
9 Tensile strength fta 0.04 MPa
10 Confidence factor FC 1.35
NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)
 Material Properties

Existing RCC properties

Material Properties Symbo Value Unit Remarks
l
Characteristic fck 15 MPa M15 grade
compressive
strength of concrete
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity Ec 19365 MPa 5000 𝑓𝑐𝑘
Poisson’s Ratio ν 0.2
Shear Modulus G 8069 MPa
Unit Weight W 25 KN/m3
Yield strength fy 415 MPa Fe415
grade
Modulus of Elasticity Es 2 x 105 MPa
Rebar
Poisson’s Ratio ν 0.3
Shear Modulus G 76920 MPa
Unit Weight W 78.5 KN/m3

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Material Properties
Retrofitting material properties

Material Properties Symbo Value Unit Remarks

l
Characteristic fck 20 MPa M20 grade
compressive (splints and
strength of concrete bandages)
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity Ec 22360 MPa 5000 𝑓𝑐𝑘
Poisson’s Ratio ν 0.2
Shear Modulus G 9316 MPa
Unit Weight W 25 KN/m3
Yield strength fy 500 MPa Fe500
grade
Modulus of Elasticity Es 2 x 105 MPa
Rebar
Poisson’s Ratio ν 0.3
Shear Modulus G 76920 MPa
Unit Weight W 78.5 KN/m3

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Load Assessment
Design Gravity Loads

S.N. Materials/ Occupancy Pattern Name Value Unit Type

1. Brick in Cement Masonry Self-weight 19 KN/m3 Dead Load
2. RCC Self-weight 25 KN/m3 Dead Load
3. Cement Screeding and Floor Finish 0.715 KN/m2 Dead Load
Punning
4. Inaccessible Roof Live Load 0.75 KN/m2 Live Load

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Seismic Parameters

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Seismic Parameters
Seismic load calculation (NBC 105:1994)
Design parameters Remarks
Height of the building, h = 3.1 m Refer dwg.
Dimension of the building along X, Dx = 16.575 m Refer dwg.

Dimension of the building along Y, Dy = 5.15 m Refer dwg.

Time period of the building along X, Tx = 0.069 sec NBC 105:1994 cl. 7.3
Time period of the building along Y, Ty = 0.123 sec NBC 105:1994 cl. 7.3

Soil Type Type II (Medium)

Basic Seismic Coefficient Cx/ Cy = 0.096 475 years return
period
Seismic Zone Factor, Z = 1.167 Bardiya
Importance Factor, I = 1.5 School Building
4.0 As-built unreinforced
Performance Factor, K = masonry
2.5 Retrofitted masonry
Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient, = 0.420 Coefficient for
Cd = CZIK retrofitted masonry
NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)
 Modelling in SAP2000

Final model of the building

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Analysis and Design
In-plane stress analysis

In-plane tensile and compressive stress S22

in Grid A-A wall for 0.7DL+EQy (N/mm2)

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Analysis and Design
Out of plane analysis for horizontal bending

Out-of-plane horizontal bending moment M11 in

Grid 1-1 wall for 0.7DL+EQy (KN.m/m)

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Analysis and Design
Out of plane analysis for vertical bending

Out-of-plane tensile stress

S22 in Grid A-A wall for
0.7DL+EQx (N/mm2)

Out-of-plane compressive
stress S22 in Grid A-A wall
for 0.7DL+EQx (N/mm2)

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Analysis and Design
Shear stress

In-plane shear stress S12 in Grid 1-1 wall for

DL+LL+EQx (N/mm2)

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Retrofit Design Drawings

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Retrofit Design Drawings

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Retrofit Design Drawings

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Retrofit Design Drawings

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Retrofit Design Drawings

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Retrofit Design Drawings

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Retrofit Design Drawings

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Retrofit Design Drawings

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Retrofit Design Drawings

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Cost Estimation
Total Retrofit cost (NRs.) 513175.425

Plinth Area of Building (sq. ft.) 885.44

Retrofit cost per sq. ft. (NRs.) 579.78

Retrofit cost per classroom (NRs.) 256587.713

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Implementation
1. Surface Preparation

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Implementation
2. Placement of Rebar and its Anchorage
3. Micro-concreting and Plastering

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Implementation
8. Curing and Completion of Retrofit

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Review of Objectives
At the end of the session, you should be able to:

• Know about the seismic evaluation and retrofit of

masonry building with rigid floor using RC splint and
bandage method

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)

 Thank You

NEPAL SAFER SCHOOLS PROJECT (NSSP)