LESSON PLAN

SUBJECT: Technical drawing

CLASS: Year 10
WEEK: 8
DURATION: 80mins
DATE: 30-03/11/2023
TOPIC: Triangles and its construction
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to do the following:

1. Define a triangle
2. State classification of triangles
3. Construct a triangle
4. Inscribe a circle in a triangle
5. Circumscribe and escribe and e a circle about and to a triangle.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
 Engineering drawing with worked examples volume 1, chapter 4, Page
43-64. Parker and pickup. Rhombic concept publication
 Technical drawing for school certificate and GCE. JN GREEN,
Spectrum Books.
 Elements of technical drawing for schools and colleges. Osuji U.S.A
 Geometrical aand technical drawing for secondary schools. Part one.
H.A Freebury.
 Technical drawing manual with solved solutions. School curriculum 1.
Ajayi E.K
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNICS: demonstration method, tee-square, set-
square, student centred method.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR: students have been taught triangles and its types in
junior school and in mathematics class.
INTRODUCTION:

CONTENT: A triangle is a two-dimensional closed shape with three sides.

properties of triangles
 A triangle has three sides, three vertices, and three angles.
 The sum of interior angles of a triangle is equal to 180°. This property is
called the angle sum property of a triangle.
 All the sides of a triangle may or may not be equal.
 All the angles of a triangle may or may not be equal.
 A triangle with vertices A, B, C is denoted as triangle ABC
Types of Construction of Triangles
Triangles can be classified based on angles and sides. Similarly, the construction of
triangles can also be classified as:
 Construction of Triangles Based on Sides
 Construction of Triangles Based on Angles
Construction of Triangles Based on Sides
Based on the properties of a triangle, all the sides of a triangle may
or may not be equal, therefore, we need to construct three different
types of triangles.
 An equilateral triangle in which all its sides are equal.
 An isosceles triangle in which two sides are equal.
 A scalene triangle in which there are three unequal sides.
Construction of Equilateral Triangle
To construct an equilateral triangle we need to remember that side 1 = side 2 = side 3.
Example: Draw an equilateral triangle XYZ with the sides of the triangle equal to 6
units each.
Solution: An equilateral triangle has all its sides of equal length. Therefore, keeping this in
mind we will use the following steps for the construction:
 Step 1: Draw a line segment YZ = 6 units.
 Step 2: Use a ruler and measure 6 units with the compass. With Y as the center draw an
arc above the line YZ.
 Step 3: With Z as the center and without changing the measure of length taken in the
compass draw another arc to intersect the previous arc.
 Step 4: Join the points XY and XZ to get an equilateral triangle XYZ.

Construction of Isosceles Triangle

To construct an isosceles triangle, we need to remember that side 1 = side 2, but side 3 is
different.
Example: Draw an isosceles triangle ABC with two sides of the triangle equal to 6 units
and one side equal to 5 units.
Solution:
An isosceles triangle has two equal sides and a different side. Therefore, keeping this in mind
we will use the following steps for the construction:
 Step 1: Using a ruler and a pencil draw a line segment BC of length = 5 units.
 Step 2: Place your compass needle at B and draw an arc with a measure of 6 units above
the line BC.
 Step 3: Now, place the needle of the compass at C and draw an arc with the same
measure of 6 units such that the two arcs should intersect at point A.
 Step 4: Join the points AB and AC to form an isosceles triangle ABC.
Construction of Scalene Triangle
To construct a scalene triangle the condition we need to remember that side 1 ≠ side 2 ≠ side
3.
Example: Draw a scalene triangle ABC with three sides of the triangle equal to 7 units, 5
units, and 6 units.
Solution:
In a scalene triangle, all the sides are of different lengths. Therefore, keeping this in mind we
will use the following steps for the construction:
 Step 1: Draw a line segment BC which measures 7 units.
 Step 2: With point B as the center and taking a measure of 5 units in the compass draw
an arc above the line BC.
 Step 3: With point C as the center and taking a measure of 6 units in the compass draw
an arc to intersect the arc drawn in step 2.
 Step 4: Now join the points AB and AC to get a scalene triangle ABC.

Construction of Triangles Based on Angles

The angle sum property of a triangle states that the sum of interior angles of a triangle is equal
to 180°. All the angles of a triangle may or may not be equal. With this, we can construct
three different types of triangles.
 An acute triangle
 A right-angled triangle
 An obtuse angle

Construction of an Acute Triangle

To construct an acute triangle, we should remember that all its angles are acute angles.
Example: Construct a triangle XYZ with the base as 8 units. ∠X = 45° and ∠Y = 65°
Solution: To construct an acute-angled triangle with the given dimensions we will use the
following steps for the construction:
 Step 1: Use a ruler and draw a horizontal line of length 8 units. Name the endpoints of
this line as XY.
 Step 2: Place the center of the protractor on X and look for 45° in the scale of the
protractor and mark it as point Z.
 Step 3: Now place the center of the protractor on Y and look for 65° in the protractor.
 Step 4: Join XZ and YZ.
 Step 5: We have an acute-angled triangle with ∠X = 45°, ∠Y = 65° and ∠Z = 70°

Construction of a Right Angled Triangle

To construct a right-angled triangle, it should be remembered that the triangle must have one
right angle.
Example: Construct a right-angled triangle PQR with one of its sides as 4 units.
Solution: To construct a right-angled triangle with the given dimensions we will use the
following steps for the construction:
 Step 1: Draw a horizontal line QR of length 4 units.
 Step 2: Place the center of a protractor on Q and look for 90°. Mark the point as 'P'.
 Step 3: Join PQ and PR.
 Step 4: ∠PQR is 90° and triangle PQR is a right angled triangle.

Construction of an Obtuse Triangle

To construct an obtuse triangle we should remember that the triangle must have one obtuse
angle. Let us construct an obtuse angle triangle.

Example: Construct a triangle XYZ with XY = 7 units, ∠X = 40°,∠Y = 105°.

Solution: To construct an obtuse triangle with the given dimensions we will use the following
steps for the construction:

 Step 1: Draw a line segment with XY = 7units.

 Step 2: With X as the center, use a protractor to measure ∠X = 40° and draw a ray 'XP'.
 Step 3: With Y as the center, use a protractor to measure ∠Y = 105° and draw a ray 'YQ'
such that it intersects with 'XP'. Mark the point of intersection as 'Z'.
 Step 4: Join the points ZX and ZY to make the triangle complete and form an obtuse
triangle XYZ.
It should be noted that the third angle, which is ∠Z can be found using the angle sum
property of triangles. So, ∠Z = 180 - (40 + 105) = 35°.
Construction of Triangles when Three Sides are Given

The construction of a triangle can be easily done with the help of a ruler and a compass when
three sides are given, Let us understand the process with the help of an example.

Example: Construct a triangle PQR with the given sides: PQ = 5 units, QR = 6 units,
and PR = 3.5 units

Solution: To construct a triangle with the above dimensions, we will use the following steps:

 Step 1: Draw a line segment QR measuring 6 units.

 Step 2: With Q as the center, take a measure of 5 units in the compass and draw an arc.
 Step 3: With R as the center, take a measure of 3.5 units in the compass and draw an arc
intersecting the previous arc.
 Step 4: Connect the lines PQ and PR to form a triangle PQR.

Inscribe, circumscribe and escribe circles within and about a triangle.

An Inscribed Triangle:
In this lesson, we'll see how we can draw two different circles by using a triangle. The first
type is called an inscribed triangle. This type of triangle is a triangle inside a circle. All three
vertices of the triangle touch the border of the circle. It looks like this:
Can you see that the three vertices of the triangle all touch the border of the circle? Whenever
you see a triangle being surrounded by a circle like this, you are looking at an inscribed
triangle.

Constructing an Inscribed Triangle

To draw or construct an inscribed triangle yourself, you'll need a ruler and a compass. There
are three steps you need to follow. In the first step, you draw your triangle. In the second step,
you draw the perpendicular bisector for each side of the triangle. The perpendicular bisector is
the line that is perpendicular to the side of the triangle and that cuts the side in half. You will
see that your three perpendicular bisectors intersect at just one point. This is the center of your
circle.

In the third step, you take your compass and you draw your circle from the center of the circle
so that the border touches each vertex of the triangle.

And there you have your inscribed triangle.

A Circumscribed Triangle
The second type is called a circumscribed triangle. This type is a triangle with a circle inside.
The border of the circle touches each side of the triangle. A circumscribed triangle looks
something like this:

Do you see how the border of the circle touches each side of the triangle?

Constructing a Circumscribed Triangle

To construct a circumscribed triangle, you need the same tools that you used to make your
inscribed triangle. You'll need a ruler and a compass just like before. To draw this type of
circle that gives you a circumscribed triangle, you'll need to follow four steps. In the first step,
just like before, you draw your triangle.
In the second step, instead of drawing your perpendicular bisectors, you'll now draw your
angle bisectors. Your angle bisector is the line that cuts your angle in half. You'll draw one
for each angle. Your three angle bisectors will intersect at one point. This point is the center
of your circle.

In the third step, you draw perpendicular lines from each side of the triangle to the center of
the circle. Where these perpendicular lines meet the sides of the triangle is where the circle
touches the triangle.
In the fourth step, you take your compass and you draw your circle from the center so that it
touches the triangle where the perpendicular lines cross each side of the triangle.

And there you have your circumscribed triangle.

PRESENTATION: DEMONSTRATION AND ILLUSTRATION
ACTIVITIES:
i. The topic triangles and its construction is introduced to the students by
explaining and defining the concept to the students.
ii. The classification of triangles is stated and explained to the students.
The students listen, take notes and ask questions.
iii. The step procedure for constructing a triangle is explained and
demonstrated on the board for the students.
iv. The step procedure of inscribing a circle to a triangle is explained and
demonstrated on the board for the students.
v. The step procedure of circumscribing and escribing circle to and about a
triangle is explained and demonstrated on the board for the students.
vi. The students listen, take notes, draws and ask questions.
Differentiation
Average students; defines triangles, state the classification of triangle and
inscribe a circle within a triangle.
Above average students: inscribes, circumscribes and escribe circle to
triangle.
.SUMMARY:
Triangles are plane rectilinear figure bounded by three straight lines and its
sum of angles is 180°.
EVALUATION:
1. Define a triangle
2. State and explain the classification of triangles
3. Construct a triangle whose length of sides is 60mm.
4. Inscribe a circle in a triangle of 50mm, 60mm and 70mm respectively
5. Circumscribe and escribe a circle about and to a triangle whose length of
sides are 55mm, 68mm and 82mm respectively.
ASSIGNMENT:
1. construct a triangle whose length of side is 50mm, 43mm and 62mm
respectively. Name the triangle.
2. A triangle has a vertical height of 50mm. Its base is 65mm and one of its
base angles is 45°. draw the triangle.
3. ABC are three points which form a triangle . AB= 30mm, BC= 57mm, CA= 44mm. Draw
the circumscircle to the triangle.
Remarks: _____________ H.O.D’S SIGNATURE & DATE:
__________________

LESSON PLAN
SUBJECT: Technical drawing
CLASS: Year 10
WEEK: 9
DURATION: 80mins
DATE: 06-10/11/2023
TOPIC: Quadrilaterals
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to do the following:
i. Define quadrilaterals
ii. State types of quadrilaterals
iii. Construct quadrilaterals
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
 Engineering drawing with worked examples volume 1, chapter 4, Page
43-64. Parker and pickup. Rhombic concept publication
 Technical drawing for school certificate and GCE. JN GREEN,
Spectrum Books.
 Elements of technical drawing for schools and colleges. Osuji U.S.A
  Geometrical aand technical drawing for secondary schools. Part one.
H.A Freebury.
 Technical drawing manual with solved solutions. School curriculum 1.
Ajayi E.K
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNICS: demonstration method, tee-square, set-
square, student centred method.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR:
Students have introduced to geometrical construction in the previous lesson.
INTRODUCTION:
Quadrilaterals are plane rectilinear figure with four sides.
CONTENT:
Quadrilaterals is a 4 sided figure. It has four sides and four angles and the
sum of its angles is 360 degrees.
Types of quadrilaterals.
1. Square
2. Rectangle
3. Rhombus
4. Parallelogram
5. Trapezium
6. Trapezoid
7. deltiod
Construct a square ABCD with AB = 60 mm
Solution:-
Steps Involved:-
1. Draw a line segment AB of 60 mm
2. At A, draw a perpendicular at B.
3. With A as centre, 60 mm as radius draw an arc and to intersect the ┴
to get the point D
4. With B as centre, 60 mm as radius draw an arc and to intersect the ┴
through B, to get the point C.
5. Now ABCD, is the perfect square

Construct a rectangle PQRS when PG = 70 mm, QR = 50 mm

Solution:-
Steps Involved:-
a. Draw a line segment PQ of 70 mm long
b. At P and Q erect perpendiculars
c. With P as centre, 50 mm as radius draw an arc, to cut the ┴ at the
point S
d. With Q as centre, 50 mm as radius draw an arc, to cut the ┴ at the
point R
e. Join R with S
 f. Now PQRS is the required rectangle

CONSTRUCTION OF RHOMBUS
Construct a rhombus ABCD, having its side equal to 40 mm and base angle
at B of 105°
Solution:-
Let us use the properties of rhombus here.
“All sides of a rhombus are equal”
Steps Involved:-
a. Draw a line segment AB of 40 mm length
b. At B, draw a line BX at an angle of 105°
c. B as centre 40 mm as radius draw an arc to cut the line BX.
Intersection point is C
d. With A and C as centres, 40 mm as radius draw arcs, intersecting
point is D
e. Join A with D and C with D
f. Thus ABCD is the required rhombus

CONSTRUCTION OF RHOMBUS
1. Construct a rhombus PQRS with diagonals 46 mm and QS = 60 mm
Solution:-
We know that, the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles
Steps Involved:-
a. Draw a line segment QS of 60 mm length
b. Draw a bisector of QS which passes through the point O
c. With O as centre, ½ PR (23 mm) as radius draw arcs above and below to
cut the ┴ bisector. Intersection points are P & R
d. Draw lines joining P with Q & S.
e. Thus PQRS is the required rhombus

CONSTRUCTION OF QUADRILATERAL

Construct a Quadrilateral with AB = 45 mm, BC = 55 mm, CD = 40

mm, AD = 60 mm, AC = 70 mm.

Solution:-
From our earlier classes, we learnt that, to draw a quadrilateral, minimum
five dimensions are required. Let u now draw this quadrilateral.
Steps Involved:-
a. Draw AB of 45 mm length
b. With B as centre, 55 mm as radius draw an arc
c. With A as centre, 70 mm as radius draw an arc to cut the previous
arc at the point C
d. With C as centre, 40 mm as radius draw an arc
e. With A as centre, 60 mm as radius cut the previous arc to get the
intersection point D
f. Draw lines joining D with C and A
g. Thus ABCD is the required quadrilateral
CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPEZIUM

1. Construct a trapezium ABCD, having its sides AD = 30 mm, DC = 25

mm, CB = 35 mm and the difference of parallel sides is 20 mm
Solution:-
Steps Involved:-
a. Draw a line segment AB of 45 mm, difference between parallel sides =
20 mm (20 + 25=45 mm)
b. With A as centre and 30 mm as radius draw an arc
c. With E as centre 35 mm as radius draw an arc to cut the previous arc
(ie; ED║BC)
d. Intersecting point is D. D as centre 25 mm as radius draw an arc
e. With B as centre, 35 mm as radius cut the previous arc. Intersection
point is C
f. Draw lines joining A with D, D with C and C with B
g. Thus ABCD is the required trapezium

PRESENTATION: DEMONSTRATION AND ILLUSTRATION

ACTIVITIES:
vii. The topic is introduced to the students by explaining and defining the
concept to the students.
viii. The methods of presenting orthographic drawing is stated and
explained to the students. The students listen, take notes and ask questions.
ix. The step procedure for drawing first angle orthographic drawing is
explained and demonstrated on the board for the students.
x. The students listen, take notes, draws and ask questions.
Differentiation
Average students; defines quadrilateral, state types of quadrilateral and
construct a square.
Above average students: construct a quadrilaterals such as square,
rectangle, trapezium, irregular quadrilaterals, deltiod and rhombus.
SUMMARY:
Quadrilateral is a plane figure bonded by four straight sides.
EVALUATION:
1. Define quadrilateral
2. State types of quadrilaterals
3. Construct a square ABCD with AB = 60 mm
4. Construct a polygon whose length of side is 55mm.
ASSIGNMENT:
1. Construct a square ABCD with AB = 60 mm
2. Construct a rectangle PQRS when PG = 70 mm, QR = 50 mm
3. Construct a rhombus ABCD, having its side equal to 40 mm and base
angle at B of 105°
4. Construct a polygon whose length of side is 60mm and name the
polygon.
Remarks: _____________ H.O.D’S SIGNATURE & DATE:
__________________
LESSON PLAN
SUBJECT: Technical drawing
CLASS: Year 10
WEEK: 10
DURATION: 80mins
DATE: 16-20/11/2023
TOPIC: Quadrilaterals
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to do the following:
iv. Define quadrilaterals
v. State types of quadrilaterals
vi. Construct quadrilaterals
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
  Engineering drawing with worked examples volume 1, chapter 4, Page
43-64. Parker and pickup. Rhombic concept publication
 Technical drawing for school certificate and GCE. JN GREEN,
Spectrum Books.
 Elements of technical drawing for schools and colleges. Osuji U.S.A
 Geometrical aand technical drawing for secondary schools. Part one.
H.A Freebury.
 Technical drawing manual with solved solutions. School curriculum 1.
Ajayi E.K
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNICS: demonstration method, tee-square, set-
square, student centred method.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR:
Students have introduced to geometrical construction in the previous lesson.
INTRODUCTION:
Quadrilaterals are plane rectilinear figure with four sides.
CONTENT:
Quadrilaterals is a 4 sided figure. It has four sides and four angles and the
sum of its angles is 360 degrees.
Types of quadrilaterals.
8. Square
9. Rectangle
10.Rhombus
11.Parallelogram
12.Trapezium
13.Trapezoid
14.deltiod
Construct a square ABCD with AB = 60 mm
Solution:-
Steps Involved:-
6. Draw a line segment AB of 60 mm
7. At A, draw a perpendicular at B.
8. With A as centre, 60 mm as radius draw an arc and to intersect the ┴
to get the point D
9. With B as centre, 60 mm as radius draw an arc and to intersect the ┴
through B, to get the point C.
10.Now ABCD, is the perfect square

Construct a rectangle PQRS when PG = 70 mm, QR = 50 mm

Solution:-
Steps Involved:-
g. Draw a line segment PQ of 70 mm long
h. At P and Q erect perpendiculars
 i. With P as centre, 50 mm as radius draw an arc, to cut the ┴ at the
point S
j. With Q as centre, 50 mm as radius draw an arc, to cut the ┴ at the
point R
k. Join R with S
l. Now PQRS is the required rectangle

CONSTRUCTION OF RHOMBUS
Construct a rhombus ABCD, having its side equal to 40 mm and base angle
at B of 105°
Solution:-
Let us use the properties of rhombus here.
“All sides of a rhombus are equal”
Steps Involved:-
g. Draw a line segment AB of 40 mm length
h. At B, draw a line BX at an angle of 105°
i. B as centre 40 mm as radius draw an arc to cut the line BX.
Intersection point is C
j. With A and C as centres, 40 mm as radius draw arcs, intersecting
point is D
k. Join A with D and C with D
l. Thus ABCD is the required rhombus

CONSTRUCTION OF RHOMBUS
2. Construct a rhombus PQRS with diagonals 46 mm and QS = 60 mm
Solution:-
We know that, the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles
Steps Involved:-
f. Draw a line segment QS of 60 mm length
g. Draw a bisector of QS which passes through the point O
h. With O as centre, ½ PR (23 mm) as radius draw arcs above and below to
cut the ┴ bisector. Intersection points are P & R
i. Draw lines joining P with Q & S.
j. Thus PQRS is the required rhombus

CONSTRUCTION OF QUADRILATERAL

Construct a Quadrilateral with AB = 45 mm, BC = 55 mm, CD = 40

mm, AD = 60 mm, AC = 70 mm.

Solution:-
From our earlier classes, we learnt that, to draw a quadrilateral, minimum
five dimensions are required. Let u now draw this quadrilateral.
Steps Involved:-
h. Draw AB of 45 mm length
i. With B as centre, 55 mm as radius draw an arc
j. With A as centre, 70 mm as radius draw an arc to cut the previous
arc at the point C
k. With C as centre, 40 mm as radius draw an arc
l. With A as centre, 60 mm as radius cut the previous arc to get the
intersection point D
m. Draw lines joining D with C and A
n. Thus ABCD is the required quadrilateral
CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPEZIUM

2. Construct a trapezium ABCD, having its sides AD = 30 mm, DC = 25

mm, CB = 35 mm and the difference of parallel sides is 20 mm
Solution:-
Steps Involved:-
h. Draw a line segment AB of 45 mm, difference between parallel sides =
20 mm (20 + 25=45 mm)
i. With A as centre and 30 mm as radius draw an arc
j. With E as centre 35 mm as radius draw an arc to cut the previous arc
(ie; ED║BC)
k. Intersecting point is D. D as centre 25 mm as radius draw an arc
l. With B as centre, 35 mm as radius cut the previous arc. Intersection
point is C
m. Draw lines joining A with D, D with C and C with B
n. Thus ABCD is the required trapezium

PRESENTATION: DEMONSTRATION AND ILLUSTRATION

ACTIVITIES:
xi. The topic is introduced to the students by explaining and defining the
concept to the students.
xii. The methods of presenting orthographic drawing is stated and explained
to the students. The students listen, take notes and ask questions.
xiii. The step procedure for drawing first angle orthographic drawing is
explained and demonstrated on the board for the students.
xiv. The students listen, take notes, draws and ask questions.
Differentiation
Average students; defines quadrilateral, state types of quadrilateral and
construct a square.
Above average students: construct a quadrilaterals such as square,
rectangle, trapezium, irregular quadrilaterals, deltiod and rhombus.
SUMMARY:
Quadrilateral is a plane figure bonded by four straight sides.
EVALUATION:
5. Define quadrilateral
6. State types of quadrilaterals
 7. Construct a square ABCD with AB = 60 mm
8. Construct a polygon whose length of side is 55mm.
ASSIGNMENT:
5. Construct a square ABCD with AB = 60 mm
6. Construct a rectangle PQRS when PG = 70 mm, QR = 50 mm
7. Construct a rhombus ABCD, having its side equal to 40 mm and base
angle at B of 105°
8. Construct a polygon whose length of side is 60mm and name the
polygon.
Remarks: _____________ H.O.D’S SIGNATURE & DATE:
__________________