PRELIM EXAMINATION

BSCE 2201 Lect (Construction Material & Testing )

Liceo de Cagayan University ,RN Boulevard ,Carmen, CDOC
SY : 2023 - 2024, 2nd Semester

Name : Sabo, Ellah Cielo P. Date : March 10, 2024

Course & Year : BSCE – 2 Instructor : Engr. Loreto Hingpit
Permit No.:_________________ Score : _______________________

I Fill in the blanks with the correct answer which can be found inside the rectangle shown below.
Durability Cohesion Hardness
Aggregate Borrow Limestone
Initial Set Stiffness Corrosion
Fatigue Structural Safety Slag
Concrete Flexible Pavement Workability
Cement Strength Creep
Rigid Pavement Final Set Toughness

TOUGHNESS 1. This is the ability to absorb energy by impact or sudden blow.

CONCRETE 2. It eventually is a mixture of cement ,aggregate and water.
STIFFNESS 3. The term normally relates to elastic deformation which is recovered
when the load is removed.
AGGREGATE 4. A mixture of sand, gravel, sandstone, rocks, slag and other non-
metallic minerals.
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT 5. The base and subbase carrying the load and distribute to the soil
under two thin layers of asphalt concrete.
FINAL SET 6. In which indicate that the cement has hardened and the point at
which it can sustain.
HARDNESS 7. It depends on a combination of strength and stiffness properties.
BORROW 8. A large pile of earth that was put over for important purposes.
COHESION 9. The ability of fresh concrete to resist segregation.
LIMESTONE 10.The most common source of carbon dioxide.
SLAG 11.The scum formed by oxidation at the surface of molten metals.
CREEP 12.The effect of long term stresses under which some materials
gradually deform and eventually break.
INITIAL SET 13.It indicates that the paste is beginning to stiffen considerably.
WORKABILITY 14.The property of concrete which determines its ability to be
placed, compacted and finished.
RIGID PAVEMENT 15.The concrete slab is the chief load bearing of Portland cement
concrete.
STRENGTH 16.The ability to resist failure or excessive deformation under stress.
FATIGUE 17.This is the effect load reversal such as vibration which lead to
failure at relatively low stresses.
STRUCTURAL SAFETY 18.The ability to withstand stress resulting from gravity, wind,thermal
or moisture movement or other source.
DURABILITY 19. It depends mainly on the permeability and hence on the porosity.
CEMENT 20. An organic material used to bind other organic material to produce
a solid or cohesive mass.

II ENUMERATION : Enumerate the following as indicated.

 (1 - 2 ) Two important terms in concrete mix design.
1. Water Cement Ration
2. Aggregate Cement Ration
(3 - 5) General types of Portland Cement
3. High Early Strength
4. Low Heat
5. Sulphate Resistant
(6 - 12)The quality of Cement with short detail
6. Fineness - the greater the fineness the faster the hydration
7. Soundness - measure the potential of or shrinkage after setting
8. Time of Setting - the rate at which portland cements hardened
9. Compressive Strength - is a sample mixed with sand to form cube (5.08cm cube) to be
tested.
10. Heat of Hydration - the heat is liberated when cements set
11. Loss of Ignition - an indication of prehydration or pre carbonation
CaO + O3→ CaCO3 (Limestone)
12. Specific Gravity of Cement - (3 > H2O = 1)
(13-16)Type of hydraulic cement
13. Slag Cement
14. Natural Cement
15. Portland Cement
16. Pozzolan Cement
(17-19) Measurement of Workability
17. Slump Test
18. Compacting Factor Test
19. Vebe Test
(20-22) Standard Test for Hydraulic Cement with corresponding apparatus.
20. Test for Setting Time - Using Vicat Apparatus
21. Test for Soundness - The Le Chatelier apparatus
22. Test for Strength - Leighton Buzzard sand
(23-25) Criteria in making concrete
23. Quality
24. Economy
25. Workability
(26-27) Process of aggregate according to texture.
26. Fine
27. Coarse
(28-30) Apparatus for measuring workability
28. Slump Test
29. Compacting Factor Apparatus
30. Vebe Consistometer

III OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS : Write the answer of the following questions briefly.
1. What are some criteria in selecting aggregate for bituminous concrete? (5 pts.)
Strength - it is the result of friction and interlocking between adjacent particles.
Failure to resist the shearing results in the particle being forced close together.

Shape - the shape of aggregate should be angular not smooth.

Toughness - It can sustain great strain or deformation, quality of aggregate

subjected to mixing in a Portland Cement through the concrete mixing.If the
 aggregate particles do not equal toughness,the loss of weight in fine particle
increase in direct preparation.If they are some very weak particles,they will be
completed crushed in early part of the test while tougher particles will continue to
lose weight at a constant rate throughout the test.

Porosity - absorption of porous structure determine the freeze through resistance

of an aggregate. If an aggregate particle absorbs too much water when it was
exposed to freezing,there will be little for water expansions.

2. Discuss briefly the outlined flow chart on the processing of aggregates. (5 pts.
Excavation and Quarrying - This refers to the origin or source of the aggregates
where it is taken from.

Transportation - Using a damp track upon delivery of the raw materials to the
batching plant.

Washing - The aggregate shall undergo cleaning thoroughly.

Crushing - Using the equipment for grinding and crushing the aggregates.

Sizing - This the point of classifying aggregates according to sizes such as 1 ½, ¾

and ½ inches.

Gradation and Blending of Aggregates

 The aggregate must have gradual gradation from coarse to fine.
 Dense graded compacted
 Open graded non-compacted
 Aggregate use as base course for material in pavement
 Segregation of aggregate below the pavement

3. Explain the measurement of workability of fresh concrete which include the interpretation
of the value of (a) slump test, (b) compacting factor and (c ) vebe test. (12 pts.)
Workability - the most important term relating to fresh (plastic) concrete

4. Write your comments on the workability test in terms of advantages and disadvantages
of the three tests. in measuring workability.(8 pts.)
The slump test is the most suitable test for the measurement of medium to high
workabilities. The test has the advantage that the equipment is simple ,portable
and does not require an electricity supply.The compacting factor test is sensitive
to medium and low workabilities though its use is not included in the current DoE
design document Design of normal concrete mixes since ‘it Is not possible to
establish relationship between it and the slump or Vebe test, The compacting
factor test may nevertheless be useful as a control test for drier concretes and is
used in civil engineering applications.The Vebe test has the disadvantage of
requiring mains electricity,though it is very sensitive to changes in the water
content of dry mixes,this providing the main basis for its use It is important to
appreciate that all above tests are used to check the workability of the
 concrete ,once mixed; and that,since design methods rarely give a very accurate
water batch.

5. A sample of concrete was divided into three and result from slump test, compacting factor
test, and vebe test was obtained. They were as folows :
slump test 12 mm, compacting factor ;0.37; vebe test : 17 sec
Compare the following results for the workability of concrete in terms of their category of
workability and give also the corresponding application of each result. (10 pts.)

Extremely 0 0.65-0.7 Over 20 Lean mix concrete

low for roads(compacted by
vibrating roller) Precast
Paving slabs
Very low 0-10 0.7-0.75 12-20 Roads compacted by power
operated machines
Low 10-30 0.75-0.85 6-12 High-quality structural
Concrete. Mass concrete
compacted by vibration

Good Luck !