Lý thuyết : RELATIVE CLAUSE

Relative clause: Mệnh đề quan hệ được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ dùng để bổ nghĩa từ chỉ người,
sự vật đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề quan hệ bắt đầu bằng đại từ quan hệ.
A. Relative pronoun:
1. Who: người mà – Thay cho chủ ngữ chỉ người
Form: ... who + V + (O)...

Eg/ - I know a lot of people. They live in Ha Noi ( they đứng liền sau people thì chỉ
cần thay who -> they và bỏ dấu chấm là được )
- The boy is my son . He is in red hat.-> The boy who is in red hat is my son.
( they và he đứng xa nhau nên khi thay he-> who thì đưa cả mệnh đề who lên đứng
ngay sau the boy và phần còn lại chuyển về sau cùng
- This is Lan . She comes from Hue.
- The man comes from France. He is sitting at the door.
2. Whom: người mà – Thay cho tân ngữ chỉ người
Form: ... whom + S + V...
Eg/ - This is the girl. I met her yesterday. -> This is the girl whom I met yesterday
- The man comes from France. We are sitting next to him.
- The woman works here. I saw her last night.
-> The woman whom I saw last night works here.
3. Which: cái mà, điều mà- Thay cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ chỉ vật.
Form : ...Which + V +O ( thay chủ ngữ)
S + V ( thay tân ngữ)
Eg/ - Could you give me the pen ? It is on the table.
- My mother gave me many books. They are interesting.
- This is the dictionary. I bought it yesterday.
4.Whose:Thay cho tính từ sở hữu ( her, his, their, our, its.....) hoặc danh từ sở hữu cách
( Nam’s....)
Form: ...whose + N + V + O
S+V
Eg/ - The girl is beautiful.Her dress is red -> The girl whose dress is red is beautiful.
N
- The house is on sale. Its door are green -> The house whose door are green is on sale
- Have you seen the girl ? I’m keeping her bike
-> Have you seen the girl whose bike I’m keeping
N S+V
Notes: - That có thể thay cho who, whom, which nhưng không được dùng trong (câu)
mệnh đề có dấu phẩy và sau giới từ.
- Dùng “that” bắt buộc khi nó thay thế danh từ có tính từ so sánh nhất,
everybody,everyone,someone,somebody,anybody, nobody, everything,
anything, nothing, something.
Eg/ He’s the best teacher that I have ever known
I like anyone that lives in the countryside.
That: bắt buộc phải dùng khi trước nó là cấp so sánh nhất the first /last / only / very ; sau các đại từ bất
định: everybody/ thing, anybody /thing, all, nobody / thing, somebody/thing,much, little…; Sau các
danh từ hỗn hợp(người và vật ) : I saw the men and cattle that went to the field.

B. Relative adverbs:
 5. Where : nơi mà – Thay cho trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn ( there, in this house, at the
beach)
Where = in /at which
Eg/ The house is very old. He was born in this house
 The house where/ in which he was born is very old.
6. When:khi mà- Thay thế cho trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Eg/ The day was nice. They met on that day
 The day when/ on which they met was nice.
When = on/in/at which
7. Why: Lý do mà
Eg/ The reason why he refused to go with us was unknown
Why = for which
The reason for which he refused to go with us was unknown

Tóm lại: ... Who + V

... Whom + S + V
... Whose + N
.... Which + V +O ( thay chủ ngữ)
S + V ( thay tân ngữ)

B. Exercises
E1: §iÒn ®¹i tõ quan hÖ ®óng (who, whom, which, whose) vµo c¸c kho¶ng trèng:
1. The boys……… are playing in the garden are my cousins.
2. He finally married the girl……. he loved.
3. The flowers…….my friend gave me have withered.
4. Mary is the girl……..bicycle was stolen yesterday.
5. The vegetables……..Mr Green sells are not fresh.
6. Is this the book….you lost?
7. The singer…..you like best is Miss White.
8. The street…..leands to my school is very wide.
9. Your friend, …… name I can’t remember, made a lot of noise.
10. The rever from…….we get our water-supply is nearly empty.
E2: KÕt hîp c¸c cÆp c©u sau, sö dông ®¹i tõ quan hÖ Who, Whom, Which, Whose
1. Alice is my friend. Alice’s mother died last year.
2. The boy will be punished. He threw that stone.
3. My sister wants to speak to you. You met my sister yesterday.
4. The flowers were roses. I bought the flowers for my sister.
5. Do you know the boy? He sat next to me at the dinner party.
6. Swimming makes people strong. Swimming is a good sport.
7. The woman is a nurse. Wwe saw the woman’s daughter last week.
8. The man is the doctor. My parents bought the man’s house.
9. The car was very modern. Mr Green was driving the car.
10. the paint on the chair is still wet. You are sitting on that chair.
11. The man is a secretary. You saw the man at the desk.
12. The house was built twenty years ago. We are living in the house.
13. The girl is very beautiful. Her dress is red.
14. Wiliam is my uncle. I went fishing with Wiliam last Sunday.
15. Jane is a woman. Jane is going to China next year.
E3: Nèi c¸c cÆp c©u sau ®©y dïng cÆp tõ quan hÖ When, Where.
1. That’s the room. The meeting is help in that room.
2. I’ll always remember the day. I first saw that sight on that day.
3. She was born in Malaysia. Rubber trees grow well there.
4. No one knows the school. My uncle taught at that school 10 years ago.
5. Please ask them the time. The train started the trip at that time.
6. New Year’s Day is a day. All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner then.
7. There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holidays there.
8. We’ll take you to Dalat. You can enjoy pure air there.
9. You can’t enjoy hiking in winter. Snow covers everything in winter.
10. The field is very fertile. They plant potatoes in the field