CONTENTS

1 PRINCIPLES 1
1.1 RECOMMENDED COLOURS 1
1.2 USING THIS HANDBOOK 2
1.3 RECOMMENDED CHARACTERISTICS 3

2 APRON AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS FOR AIRCRAFT 4

2.1 STAND LEAD-IN LINE, TAXIWAY AND TAXILANE CENTRE LINE 4
2.2 STAND LEAD-IN LINES FOR MULTIPLE AIRCRAFT TYPE PARKING STANDS 5
2.3 APRON AND TAXIWAY EDGE 6
2.4 MAXIMUM WINGSPAN MARKING 8
2.5 NO ENTRY MARKING 9
2.6 ALTERNATIVE AIRCRAFT STAND TAXILANE 10
2.6.1 OPTION 1 11
2.6.2 OPTION 2 11
2.6.3 EXAMPLE OF T-SHAPED ALTERNATIVE AIRCRAFT STAND TAXILANES 12
2.7 STAND INFORMATION MARKING 13
2.7.1 OPTION 1 – STAND DIRECTION 13
2.7.2 OPTION 2 – STAND LOCATION 14
2.8 DIRECTION TO PARKING STAND 15
2.8.1 OPTION 1 15
2.8.2 OPTION 2 19
2.8.3 OPTION 3 21
2.9 DIRECTION TO AN AREA OF PARKING STANDS 23
2.10 STAND IDENTIFICATION ON PARKING STAND 24
2.11 BASIC AIRCRAFT STOP LINE 25
2.12 MULTIPLE AIRCRAFT STOP LINE 27
2.13 BASIC MARSHALLER AND TOWING STOP LINE 29
2.14 MULTIPLE MARSHALLER AND TOWING STOP LINE 30
2.15 POWER OUT, TURN BAR AND ALIGNMENT LINE 33
2.16 ONE WAY ARROW 34

3 APRON MARKINGS FOR VEHICLES 35

3.1 BOUNDARY OF RESPONSIBILITY LINE 35
3.2 STAND SAFETY LINE 36
3.3 STAND-BY AREAS – RESTRICTED FOR AIRCRAFT MANOEUVRES 37
3.4 STAND-BY AREAS – HEIGHT RESTRICTED 38
3.5 STAND DIVIDING LINE 38
3.6 TRACTOR PUSHBACK LINE AND PUSHBACK LIMIT LINE 39
3.7 EQUIPMENT PARKING AREA 40
3.8 NO PARKING AREA 41
3.9 AIR BRIDGE WHEEL POSITION 42
3.10 UNDERGROUND SERVICES INCLUDING FUEL HYDRANT MARKINGS 43
3.11 SERVICE ROAD 44
3.12 VEHICLE LIMIT LINE 45
3.13 STAND IDENTIFICATION ON SERVICE ROAD 46
3.14 TAXIWAY AND TAXILANE CROSSING 47
 3.15 PEDESTRIAN CROSSING 48
3.16 PEDESTRIAN GUIDE LINE 48

4 APRON SIGNS 49
4.1 STAND IDENTIFICATION SIGN FOR AIRCRAFT 49
4.2 NO ENTRY SIGN FOR AIRCRAFT 49
4.3 SIGN “ATTENTION TO CROSSING AIRCRAFT” FOR VEHICLES 49
4.4 JET BLAST SIGN FOR VEHICLES 49
4.5 EXAMPLES OF ROAD AND OTHER TRAFFIC SIGNS 50
4.6 EXAMPLES OF EMERGENCY SIGNS 52
4.7 FOD BIN 53

5 FORM AND PROPORTIONS OF LETTERS AND NUMBERS 54

5.1 CHARACTERS ACCORDING TO ICAO ANNEX 14 (VOL I) APPENDIX 3 FOR MARKINGS 54
5.2 CHARACTERS ACCORDING TO ICAO ANNEX 14 (VOL I) APPENDIX 4 FOR SIGNS 55

6 EXAMPLES OF APRON MARKINGS 56

6.1 EXAMPLE 1 56
6.2 EXAMPLE 2 57

7 APPLICATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MARKINGS 58

7.1 GENERAL 58
7.2 QUALITY MANAGEMENT 58
7.2.1 QUALITY CONTROL 58
7.2.2 COMMON PROBLEMS 58
7.3 SURFACE PREPARATION 61
7.3.1 METHOD 61
7.3.2 CONTAMINANTS 61
7.3.3 CLEANING 62
7.4 MATERIALS 62
7.4.1 MATERIALS ACCEPTANCE 62
7.4.2 MARKING MATERIALS 62
7.4.3 USE OF GLASS BEADS ON PAVEMENT MARKINGS 63
7.4.4 PREFORMED THERMOPLASTIC AIRPORT PAVEMENT MARKINGS 64
7.5 PAINT APPLICATION 65
7.5.1 METHOD 65
7.5.2 FRICTION 65
7.5.3 STRIATED MARKINGS 65
7.5.4 WEATHER LIMITATIONS 66
7.5.5 EQUIPMENT FOR PAINT APPLICATION 66
7.5.6 PROTECTION AND CLEAN-UP 67
7.5.7 TEMPORARY MARKINGS 67
7.6 REMOVAL OF MARKINGS 67
7.6.1 CONSIDERATIONS 67
7.6.2 EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVAL OF MARKINGS 68
7.6.3 WATER BLASTING 68
7.6.4 SHOT BLASTING 69
7.6.5 GRINDING 69
7.6.6 BROOMS, VACUUM EQUIPMENT, OR AIR COMPRESSOR 69
7.6.7 CHEMICALS 69