NSTP 1 - MODULE 2 - REVIEW - 1 - 15 - 24 - Studes

Module 2: SPECIAL TOPICS FOR FORA
 Environmental Awareness
 Mental Health Awareness
 Health Awareness (COVID 19)
 Indigenous Peoples’ concern
 Other relevant topics
TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
• identify present social issues needed to be addressed;

• present practical ways to solve social issues; and,
• participate in promoting awareness to the different
issues/topics discussed.
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NSTP ACT – RA9163
NATIONAL SERVICE PROGRAM ACT OF 2001
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Module 2: SPECIAL TOPICS FOR FORA
 Environmental Awareness
 Mental Health Awareness
 Health Awareness (COVID 19)
 Indigenous Peoples’ concern
 Other relevant topics
TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
• identify present social issues needed to be addressed;
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ENGAGE Activity: Complete the table about the present social issues that needs to be
addressed and provide possible solution in handling these issues. Give
one identified problem and two possible solutions for the identified problem.
Social Issues Identified Problem Possible Solutions

Health Issues
Environmental problems
Mental Health issues
Indigenous
Other issues?
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Retrieved from https://pediaa.com/difference-between-issue-and-problem/
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Main differences
issue problem
- Small or no impact on people - Significantly affect people
example: health issue example: COVID 19 pandemic
- death
- An issue is not life-altering. It does not - life-altering, it can often create bad
create any other serious situations. conditions in the relationship with other
example: game issues – video games people and can cause some harm in other
situations that a person might have.
example: violence in video games
– school shooting
Retrieved from https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-issue-and-problem

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Main differences
issue problem
- Needs a discussion or debate - Requires an urgent solution
example: safety issues and mental health example: legal application
issue – Violence Against Women and
Children (VAWC law)
– RA9262 - Anti-Violence
Against Women and
Their Children Act
of 2004 (physical
violence, sexual
violence,
psychological
violence, and
economic abuse)
Retrieved from http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/Philippines/RA%209262%20-
%20Law%20Against%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20Their%20Children.pdf
Retrieved from https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-issue-and-problem

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Main differences
issue problem
- can continue for a long time, but with that - Whereas a problem can not continue for a
time, it loses its essence. It does not remain long time, because in that case, it can
the same as it was in the beginning become even more severe
example: Indigenous People - culture example: rights of properties with
preservation of culture
(ancestral land) IPs (GCIP course)
- Not a barrier to success - Barrier of success – if no support
example: environment issue example: sewerage system
- is neutral, i.e., it can have a good impact
and lousy impact as well
- different for different people - negative effect
example: health issue on hygiene example: hygiene depends on outlook of
a person but can be of
problem with other people
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Retrieved from https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-issue-and-problem/
Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/7479677/ 10
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMukeq6jBg4 13
Retrieved from https://www.slideserve.com/nerina/social-problem 15
Social Issues
Health Issues
Mental Health issues
Environmental problems
Indigenous
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Coronavirus
disease
(COVID-19)
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an
infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2
severe
virus. acute
respiratory
syndrome
SARS-CoV-2 was first known coronavirus
to infect people in 2019 2
Retrieved from https://intermountainhealthcare.org/blogs/topics/live-well/2020/04/whats-the-difference-between-a-pandemic-an-epidemic-endemic-

and-an-outbreak/
virus.
In humans, the viruses
can cause mild Coronaviruses are named for the
respiratory infections, crown-like spikes on their
like the common cold, surface.
but can lead to Human coronaviruses were first
serious illnesses, like identified in the mid-1960s.
pneumonia.
(pulmonya – ang baga
ay namamaga)
Retrieved from https://www.nfid.org/infectious-
diseases/coronaviruses/#:~:text=In%20humans%2C%20the%20viruses%20can,identified%20in%20the%20mid%2D19
60s.
virus.
In humans, the viruses can cause mild
respiratory infections, like the common
cold, but can lead to serious illnesses, like
pneumonia. Coronaviruses are named
for the crown-like spikes on their
surface. Human coronaviruses were first
identified in the mid-1960s.

and-an-outbreak/
Retrieved from https:// https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/virus-vs-bacteria-
difference#:~:text=A%20virus%20is%20not%20a,and%20healthful%20roles%20in%20nature.
Retrieved from https://www.who.int/images/default-source/searo---images/countries/indonesia/covid-19-tobacco-en-2.png?sfvrsn=fb93bdef_2
Retrieved from https://www.who.int/images/default-source/searo---images/countries/indonesia/covid-19-tobacco-en-4.tmb-
1920v.png?Culture=en&sfvrsn=de0b181a_1
Retrieved from https://healthmatters.nyp.org/vaping-and-covid-19-can-vaping-increase-complications/
The new coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19 is from a family of
viruses that causes respiratory infections. That’s why people with chronic
lung disease or moderate to severe asthma are among individuals at
higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19.
This also means that people whoengage in behavior that

affects their lungs — including smoking and
vaping — also may be at a higher risk of complications if they contract
the disease, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found that 20% of
patients sick enough to be hospitalized are ages 20 to 44, and some
health authorities are speculating whether there is a connection between
this age group’s hospitalization rate and the high rate of vaping among
this same cohort.
Retrieved from https://www.who.int/images/default-source/wpro/health-topic/covid-19/slide353ed8000-7bc6-4f01-b8c9-
554e7242faf8.png?sfvrsn=6817d018_12
DOH
March
2023
Retrieved from https://www.who.int/images/default-source/wpro/health-topic/covid-19/slide353ed8000-7bc6-4f01-b8c9-
554e7242faf8.png?sfvrsn=6817d018_12
- Risk of the virus is

still present
- Sundin pa rin ang

health protocol
dahil nandiyan pa
rin ang banta ng
COVID 19
Let’s start with basic definitions:
AN EPIDEMIC is a disease that affects a large number of people within a

community, population, or region.
A PANDEMIC is an epidemic that’s spread over multiple countries or continents.
ENDEMIC is something that belongs to a particular people or country.
AN OUTBREAK is a greater-than-anticipated increase in the number of endemic

cases. It can also be a single case in a new area. If it’s not quickly controlled, an
outbreak can become an epidemic.

and-an-outbreak/
example
endemic Endemic is derived from Caribbean Dengue
Greek en meaning - Dengue first appeared in
in and demos meaning the Americas and the
people. It is used to describe Caribbean
a disease that is present at - ailure to eradicate its
an approximately constant presence in the
level within a society or Caribbean resulted in the
country. Each country may continued transmission
have a disease that is throughout the region
unique, for example - Varicella, more
commonly known as
chickenpox in the UK
- Malaria is another
infectious disease that is
and-an-outbreak/ endemic to Africa
example
epidemic The term epidemic is not The rise in obesity globally
just used with infectious (often described as an
diseases. It is also used with "obesity epidemic"). Over
any scenario that leads to a the last 3 decades, the
detrimental rise of health United States has seen an
risks within a society. increase in the number of
people who have a BMI
higher than the
recommended average
Epidemics can follow A typical example of this is

predictable patterns and seasonal flu (trangkaso).
these trends are often used
to monitor, predict and
and-an-outbreak/ control the spread of the
infection.
example
outbreak An outbreak is a sudden rise Legionnaires’ disease and
in the number of cases of a Pontiac fever outbreaks occur
disease. when two or more people are
An outbreak may occur in a exposed to Legionella in the
community or geographical same place and get sick at
area, or may affect several about the same time. People
countries. can get Legionnaires’ disease
It may last for a few days or or Pontiac fever when they
weeks, or even for several breathe in small droplets of
years. water in the air that
Some outbreaks are expected contain Legionella.
each year, such as influenza. 1 nasawi, 11 naospital sa
Legionnaires’ disease
outbreak sa California, USA
(August 5, 2022)
and-an-outbreak/
example
pandemic A pandemic is derived from Coronavirus - 19
Greek pan meaning
all and demos meaning
people and is the term used
to describe the rapid spread
of a
transmissible infectious/com
municable disease over
several continents or
worldwide. Once an
epidemic becomes global
and affects a large percent of
the population it becomes
known as a pandemic. The
terms pandemic and
and-an-outbreak/
epidemic are used to
describe the rate and
example
pandemic 1. Affects a wider geographical area, Coronavirus - 19
often global - Worldwide
2. Infects a very large number of
people - Billions of billions
3. Often caused by a new virus or a
new strain of a virus that has been - Variants – omicron
dormant for many years.
4. Spreads quickly in humans as there - Everyday news of new cases
is little to no existing immunity
5. Can cause a high number of deaths - Billions
6. Because of the need to control the - Loss of jobs, loss of opportunities
spread of the disease, there is often
social disruption, unrest and
economic loss
and-an-outbreak/
outbreak endemic pandemic
pandemic 1. Affects a wider geographical area, Coronavirus - 19
often global - Worldwide
2. Infects a very large number of
people - Billions of billions
3. Often caused by a new virus or a
new strain of a virus that has been - Variants – omicron
dormant for many years.
4. Spreads quickly in humans as there - Everyday news of new cases
is little to no existing immunity
5. Can cause a high number of deaths - Billions
6. Because of the need to control the - Loss of jobs, loss of opportunities
spread of the disease, there is often
social disruption, unrest and
economic loss
and-an-outbreak/
outbreak epidemic pandemic
Biglaang Biglaang pagtaas ng bilang ng kaso ng Isang epidemic na kumalat sa iba’t
paglaganap isang sakit kumpara sa inaasahang ibang bansa at kontinente
ng isang bilang o “normal expectancy” sa Mas Malaki ang sakop nito
sakit isang rehiyon Nararanasan worldwide at
- Maliit ang - - Biglaang pagkalat ng COVID-19 sa karaniwang nakakaapekto sa mataas
sakop ng Wuhan, China mula Disyembre, 2019 na bilang ng mga indibidwal
outbreak - Kapag kumalat na ang sakit sa - COVID-19
- Mas labas ng isang komunidad
limitadon - China, South Korea, Iran at Italy
g
heograpiy
ang lugar
na sakop
ng sakit
- Retrieved
Wuhan, from https://intermountainhealthcare.org/blogs/topics/live-well/2020/04/whats-the-difference-between-a-pandemic-an-epidemic-endemic-
and-an-outbreak/
China
(Dec. 31,
outbreak epidemic pandemic
Biglaang paglaganap Biglaang pagtaas ng bilang ng kaso Isang epidemic na kumalat sa
ng isang sakit ng isang sakit kumpara sa iba’t ibang bansa at
- Maliit ang sakop ng inaasahang bilang o “normal kontinente
outbreak expectancy” sa isang rehiyon Mas malaki ang sakop nito
- Mas limitadong - - Biglaang pagkalat ng COVID-19 Nararanasan worldwide at
heograpiyang lugar sa Wuhan, China mula Disyembre, karaniwang nakakaapekto sa
na sakop ng sakit 2019 mataas na bilang ng mga
- Wuhan, China - Kapag kumalat na ang sakit sa indibidwal
(Dec. 31, 2019) labas ng isang komunidad - COVID-19
- China, South Korea, Iran at Italy
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfwpTMteKMk

©2023 De La
Salle Medical
and Health
Sciences
Institute. All
Rights
Reserved
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Retrieved from https://www.dlshsi.edu.ph/dlsumc/covid-19-facts-resources/mga-paalala-upang-maiwasan-ang-covid-19
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Retrieved from https://www.who.int/images/default-source/wpro/health-topic/covid-19/slide2fa46e3e9-e886-41be-95f6- 41
004f60bd459d.png?sfvrsn=8f6d1017_6
Retrieved from https://www.healthnavigator.org.nz/health-a-z/h/herd-immunity/ 42
Retrieved from https://www.healthnavigator.org.nz/health-a-z/h/herd-immunity/ 43
BONUS Material:
MONKEYPOX
Rod V. Reyes Jr., RN, RM, CRN
Senior Lecturer
Rescue 177
MONKEYPOX
MONKEYPOX
What:
• Discovered in 1958 when 2 outbreaks of pox-like dx
occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research
• Despite being named “monkeypox”, the source of the dx
remains unknown.
• Rodents and non-human primates (like monkeys) might
harbor the virus and infect people.
• First human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970.
• Prior to 2022 outbreak had been reported in people in
several central and western African countries.
MONKEYPOX
What:
• Previously, almost all cases outside Africa were
linked to:
– International travel to countries where diagnosis (dx)
commonly occurs
– Imported animals
MONKEYPOX
What:
• Same family of viruses as variola (smallpox)
• Similar in symptom to smallpox but milder
• Rarely fatal
• 2 types
– West African (outbreak)
– Congo Basin
• NOT RELATED TO CHICKENPOX!
MONKEYPOX
Is it deadly?
• West African = rarely fatal
– Over 99% who get this form of dx are likely to survive
– Symptoms can be extremely painful, permanent scarring
– Likely to get seriously ill or die:
• People w/ weak immune systems
• Children under 8yo
• Hx of eczema
• Pregnant/breastfeeding
• Congo Basin = 10% fatality rate
MONKEYPOX
How does it spread?

• Person-to-person through direct contact with the
rash, scabs or body fluids
• Respiratory secretions during prolonged face to
face contact
• Intimate physical contact (kissing, cuddling, sex)
• Pregnant people can spread virus to fetus through
placenta
MONKEYPOX
How does it spread?

• Touching items, such as clothing or linens) that
previously touched the infectious rash or body
fluids
• Infected animals via:
– Bite/scratched
– Meat or animal products
MONKEYPOX
How does it spread?

• People who do not have monkeypox symptoms
CANNOT SPREAD the virus to others.
MONKEYPOX
Am I at Risk?
• Risk at this time is low
• Does not spread easily between people
• However, anyone in close contact w/ a person w/
monkeypox can get it and shout take protective
measures
• If you don’t have MP symptoms, you cannot
spread the virus to others
MONKEYPOX
Symptoms?
• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle aches and
backache
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Chills
• Exhaustion
MONKEYPOX
Symptoms?
• Respiratory
symptoms
– Sore throat
– Nasal Congestion
– Cough
• Rash that can look
like pimples or
blisters (face, inside
the mouth, hands,
MONKEYPOX
Symptoms?
• The rash goes through different stages before
healing completely, typically 2-4 weeks.
• Sometimes rash comes first ff’d by other
symptoms
• Others experience only a rash
• Symptoms usually appear 1-2 weeks after
infection.
MONKEYPOX
What should I do if I have symptoms?

• If you notice a new or unexplained rash or other
monkeypox symptoms consult with a healthcare
provider.
• Avoid close contact (including intimate physical
contact) until a HC provider examines you.
• Avoid close contact with pets or other animals
until a HC provider examines you.
MONKEYPOX

• While waiting for the test results, follow the same
precautions.
• If test result is positive, stay isolated and observe
preventive practices until your rash has healed, all
scabs have fallen off, and a fresh layer of intact
skin has formed.
MONKEYPOX

• Remain isolated if with fever or respiratory
symptoms, including sore throat, nasal
congestion or cough.
• Only go out if you are seeing a HC provider (avoid
public transportation)
• If you need to leave isolation, you should cover the
rash and wear a well fitting mask.
MONKEYPOX
Prevention.
• Avoid close, skin-to-skin contact w/ people who
have a rash that looks like MP:
– Do not touch the rash/scabs of someone who has
MP.
– Do not kiss, hug, cuddle or have sex with someone
who has MP.
• Avoid contact w/ objects used by person w/ MP
– Do not share eating utensils or cups
MONKEYPOX
Prevention.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water or
use alcohol-based sanitizer, esp. before eating or
touching your face and after using the bathroom.
MONKEYPOX
Vaccines.
• CDC recommends vaccination for people exposed
to MP and those more likely to get MP:
– Contact of someone with MP
– Sexual partner in the past 2 weeks of someone
diagnosed with MP
– People who had multiple sexual partners in the past 2 weeks
in an area with known MP
MONKEYPOX
Vaccines.
– People whose jobs may expose them to orthopoxviruses:
• Lab workers who perform testing for orthopoxviruses
• Lab workers who handle cultures or animals with orthopoxviruses
• Some designated HC or Public Health workers
MONKEYPOX
Treatment.
• There are no treatment (tx) specifically for MP virus
infections.
• However, MP and smallpox viruses are genetically
similar, w/c means that antiviral drugs and vaccines
developed to protect against smallpox may be used to
prevent and tx MP virus infections.
• Antivirals (like tecovirimat) may be recommended for
people who are likely to get severely ill, like pts w/
weakened immune systems.
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYfvXnGhvi0
“Kung may nararamdaman ng symptoms na medyo kamukha ng COVID ay mahalaga
pong magpatingin para sa appropriate management”
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYfvXnGhvi0
Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/nowyouknowph/photos/a.379062062834568/523490368391736
Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/nowyouknowph/photos/a.379062062834568/523490368391736
Fitness for All
The Benefits of Fitness

Fitness and Health
• The word health is often associated
only with physical fitness, but there
are other components of health.
• FITNESS means “readiness”. Fit
people are better equipped than non-
fit people.
• The level of fitness includes all
aspects of health and life.
What is Physical Fitness?
• Physical Fitness is the ability of
your body systems to work
efficiently. A fit person is able to
carry out the typical activities of
living, such as work, and still have
enough energy and vigor to
respond to emergency situations
and to enjoy leisure time
activities.
Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/rpmjen/definitions-of-fitness 72
Retrieved from https://www.askthetrainer.com/definition-of-physical-fitness/ 73
Base Level
- highlights the primary reason why physical fitness is important
- relates to quality of life
- A physically fit body has less chance of acute health problems
and chronic disease.
- represents your ability to efficiently perform the anaerobic
and aerobic activities of daily living (ADLs) which exist in your
environment on a daily basis in addition to novel tasks which may
arise during day to day living
Mid Level
- Only after your body has grown accustomed to the base level of
physical fitness you can advance to the mid level.
- The middle level of the pyramid is about adaptation and
improvement.
- Most people remain at the mid level for their entire lifetime as
they adapt and progress only to regress and start the process
over and over again.
- In order to improve mid level physical fitness it is important to
have a balanced exercise program. Exercise selection should focus
on all 5 components of fitness.

Top Level
- Very few are able to reach the top level of the physical fitness
hierarchy
- The top level of physical fitness tends to mesh (tangle)
physiology and psychology.
- In order to reach the top level of physical fitness one must
reach their full potential.

Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/iamcarloluna/mapeh-8-physical-education-unit-1-physical-fitness 77
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Health and Wellness Benefits of Physical
Activity
• Regular physical activity can do much to prevent disease and illness.
• It can help you look your best (with proper nutrition, good posture, and good
body mechanics).
• Besides looking better, people who do regular physical activity feel better, do
better on academic work, and are less depressed than people who are less active.
• Regular physical activity results in physical fitness which is the key to being able to
do more of things you want to do and enjoy life.
• It allows you to be fit enough to meet emergencies and day-to-day demanding
situations.
• Being physically active can build fitness, which, in turn, provides you with many
health and wellness benefits.
Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/moveph/advocacies/road-crashes-philippines-awareness-safety
Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/378091331217735743/
Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=796649902466814&set=pb.100063654357230.-2207520000&type=3/
Retrieved from https://https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/FMfcgzGtxSvtTSMLGFpPsDWxcdgVZjvc?projector=1&messagePartId=0.1/
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MARCH 18-23, 2024
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adjective
mental
involving the
mind or an adjective
intellectual of or
process relating to
the mind
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physical or mental weakness
Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/sivanandareddy52/definition-

concept-of-health 97
Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/sivanandareddy52/definition-
concept-of-health 98
particular condition that someone
or something is in at a specific
time.
Retrieved from https://www.innerworkout.co/well-being/what-is-mental-health

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Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/health-and-family/2024/01/12/2308964/silent-epidemic-emerging-rising-
mental-health-concern
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Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/health-and-family/2024/01/12/2308964/silent-epidemic-emerging-rising-
mental-health-concern
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Simpleng pakikinig, malayo
ang mararating
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_abnlpOI-g 112

November 9, 2022
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_abnlpOI-g 113

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Retrieved from https://meetmonarch.com/health-resources/articles/therapy-101/50-of-the-best-quotes-about-mental-health
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Retrieved from https://northluzon.politiko.com.ph/2023/02/12/health-officials-flag-60-increase-in-suicide-rates-in-baguio-
city/daily-feed/#google_vignette 120
Local health authorities in Baguio City have flagged
the alarming increase of suicide cases in the city,
which have logged a 60 percent increase compared
to the pre-COVID-19 period.
Dr. Khezy Colas, medical officer of the City Health

Services Office (CHSO), said that their office have
recorded 59 cases of suicide from 2017 to 2019,
while cases from 2020-2022 have skyrocketed to 95.
She noted that the majority of the cases are related to
mental health.
To address the issue, Colas cited, CHSO’s

mental health and wellness program that is available
for counselling its residents. Under the program, she
reported that the top five issues addressed are
depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia,
bipolar disorder and personality disorder.

Retrieved from https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1211404
123
“Mental health-related issues affect Filipinos of all ages
and backgrounds - young or old, rich or poor. It is a silent
epidemic that we need to confront head-on,” he added.
In the Philippines, mental illness is becoming a common

disability and at least 3.6 million Filipinos suffer from
mental, neurological and substance use disorder,
according to the Department of Health (DOH).

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“The mental health crisis in the Philippines requires a
united effort from all sectors of society – local and
national governments, private sector and the workplace,
healthcare providers, communities, schools, and
individuals,” Banaag said.
“Everyone has a role to play to
improve Filipinos’ mental
wellness.” (PNA/PR)
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Global Mental Health Statistics
Mental illness and health are human rights issues
and need to be discussed in today’s world. These
global mental health statistics give us an overview
of how mental illness affects people.
Understanding how mental illness affects people
around the world can help us better solve the
mental health crisis we are in.
Retrieved https://www.hopechest.org/global-mental-health-statistics/ September 19, 2022
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Retrieved from https://www.hopechest.org/global-mental-health-statistics/
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Depression and Anxiety Disorder Statistics
•Depression affects over 300 million people worldwide, regardless

of culture, age, gender, religion, race or economic status.
•more than 75% of people in low- and middle-income countries

receive no treatment for depression.
•Although high-income countries offer “minimally-adequate”

treatment for depression in 23 per cent of cases, this drops to just
three per cent in low and lower middle-income countries.
•Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among people aged

15-29.
Retrieved https://www.hopechest.org/global-mental-health-statistics/
128
Depression and Anxiety Disorder Statistics
• 284 million people suffer from an anxiety disorder worldwide

Anxiety disorders disproportionately affect women, and 2.8% of
males suffer from an anxiety disorder, where 4.7% of females
suffer from anxiety disorders
• In a 2020 survey, 62% of respondents reported experiencing

some degree of anxiety.
• In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, global prevalence

of anxiety increased by a massive 25%
Retrieved https://www.hopechest.org/global-mental-health-statistics/
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What are the main causes of mental illness?
childhood abuse, trauma, or neglect.
social isolation or loneliness.
experiencing discrimination and stigma,
including racism.
social disadvantage, poverty or debt.
https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-
problems/mental-health-problems-
introduction/causes/#:~:text=childhood%20abuse%2C%20trauma%2C%20o
r%20neglect,social%20disadvantage%2C%20poverty%20or%20debt
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Bullying can cause feelings of rejection,
exclusion, isolation, low self-esteem, and some
individuals can develop depression and
anxiety as a result.
In some cases it can even develop into Acute

Stress Disorder or Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder
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Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/studentmentalhealth/chapter/the-language-of-
mental-health/
Retrieved from https://startswithme.ca/mental-health-is-not-mental-illness-why-we-need-
to-get-clear-on-the-difference/
Retrieved from https://www.ramsaymentalhealth.com.au/en/resources--
support/resources--support/article-25/
WORRY FEAR STRESS ANXIETY DEPRESSION
Think about A normal Reaction to The individual is Depression is a
problems or reaction to a environmental frightened but common mental
unpleasant known, external changes or the source of disorder that
things that might source of danger forces that danger is not presents with
happen in a way exceed the known, not depressed
that makes the individual’s recognized or mood, loss of
feeling of being resources. inadequate to interest or
unhappy and account for the pleasure,
frightened symptoms feelings of guilt
or low self-
worth, disturbed
sleep or
appetite, low
energy, and poor
concentration.
Schizoaffective disorder is a mental illness
that can affect your thoughts, mood and
behaviour. You may have symptoms of
bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
These symptoms may be mania, depression
and psychosis. About 1 in 200 people develop
schizoaffective disorder at some time during
their life.
https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/learn-more-about-
conditions/schizoaffective-
disorder/#:~:text=Schizoaffective%20disorder%20is%20a%20mental%20illness%20that%20c
an%20affect%20your,some%20time%20during%20their%20life.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-
disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504
Retrieved from https://www.skipprichard.com/asking-for-help-is-a-sign-of-strength/
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/environment-sustainable-
development-goals-sdgs-barigye-haron
152
Encircle – encompass, border, surround, enclose
Aggregate – collection, total
154
155
Retrieved from https://unacademy.com/lesson/introduction-of-environment-meaning-of-environment-concept-of-environmental-protection/NRK4UEML 156
Retrieved from https://brainly.ph/question/7792322 157
158
159
160
Retrieved from https://byjus.com/biology/difference-between-flora-and-fauna/
161
Retrieved https://twitter.com/cnnphilippines/status/1179991324864348160
Retrieved https://twitter.com/cnnphilippines/status/1179991324864348160
Retrieved http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/phi41009.pdf
Retrieved http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/phi41009.pdf
Poaching, in law, the illegal shooting, trapping,
or taking of game, fish, or plants from private
property or from a place where such practices
are specially reserved or forbidden.
Poaching is a major existential threat to

numerous wild organisms worldwide and is an
important contributor to biodiversity loss.
Retrieved https://www.britannica.com/topic/poaching-law
Retrieved https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1193336
Retrieved https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1193336
169
Philippine Environmental Policy
Presidential Decree No. 1151 (06 June 1977): In the pursuit of
advancing both the productive and harmonious relationship of nature
and the Filipino people of today and the future, the Philippine
Environmental Policy mandates an intensive and integrated national
environmental protection program mainly by requiring
environmental impact assessments and statements.
Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System

Presidential Decree No. 1586 (11 June 1978): This policy established the Philippine
Environmental Impact Statement System (PEISS) as the framework for all
environmental impact assessment activities nationwide. In consonance with the
Philippine Environmental Policy (PD 1151), the PEISS includes the classification of
every development project as either environmentally critical or environmentally
non-critical. All projects that can potentially cause any form of significant impact
to the environment are regarded as environmentally critical and are therefore
required to secure an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC).
170
Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act of 1992
Republic Act No. 7611: The Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) is “a
comprehensive framework for the sustainable development of
Palawan.” All projects of government agencies, from planning to
implementation, in the province should be coordinated and aligned
to this framework. The main strategy here is to establish an
“Environmentally Critical Areas Network” or ECAN which is a
graded system of protective control over all terrestrial and marine
natural resources, as well as the tribal ancestral lands in Palawan.
The Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) was
created pursuant to this policy.
171
Climate Change Act of 2009
Republic Act No. 9729: In light of the climate vulnerability of the Philippines and
its people, the Climate Change Act of 2009 integrates climate change adaptation
and mitigation strategies into policy formulation and development activities of
all government agencies.
It also created the Climate Change Commission, chaired by the President of the
Republic of the Philippines, as the central entity for all climate change-related
plans and programs in the country.
172
Writ of Kalikasan
Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases (A.M. No. 09-
6-8-SC, 29 April 2010): The Writ of Kalikasan (A.M. No.
09-6-8-SC Rule 7) is one of the two (2) special civil actions
that any person or entity can avail of whenever their
constitutional right to a balanced and healthy
environment is violated or threatened. The other civil
action that can be availed of is the Writ for Continuing
Mandamus (A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC Rule 8) which applies
when a government agency or officer violates an
environmental policy.
173
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
Republic Act No. 10121: Making the then National Disaster
Coordinating Council (NDCC) into what we know today as the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
(NDRRMC) to serve as the lead agency for disaster-related
programs in the Philippines such as but not limited to the
development of the comprehensive guides for DRR efforts
nationwide (referred to as the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Framework [NDRRMF] and National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Plan [NDRRMP]).
174
Philippine Sanitation Code
Presidential Decree No. 856 (23 December 1975): The Philippine Sanitation
Code sets sanitary standards for drinking water, food and other business
establishments, industrial hygiene, schools, health services, markets,
slaughterhouses, transport vehicles, terminals and other service stations,
and lodging areas and infrastructures among many others. It regulates
nuisances (anything that injures health, endangers life, offends senses, or
produces discomfort to the community), and activities concerning dead
persons, their funeral, and remains. Importantly, it regulates other forms of
pollution not covered in the above-mentioned places like that caused by
certain substances, radiation, noise, and biological pollutants among others. It
also sets the requirements for the collection of sewage, operation of
sewerage works and sewage treatment plants, construction of septic tanks,
and disposal of septic tank effluents (Chapter XVII).
175
Marine Pollution Decree of 1976
Presidential Decree No. 979 (18 August 1976):
Pursuant to this policy, dumping of wastes and
other hazardous matter into the ocean and inland
waters of the Philippines is considered unlawful
unless due to unavoidable accidents or otherwise
prescribed by the National Pollution Control
Commission or the Philippine Coast Guard.
176
Water Code of the Philippines
Presidential Decree No. 1067 (31 December 1976): The Water Code of the Philippines
governs the ownership, allocation, utilization, control, conservation, and the overall
administration of all waters and water resources in the country through the National Water
Resources Board. Filipinos of legal age and entities, including government agencies, must
acquire a water permit (the written evidence of having a water right) in order to be able to
appropriate and use water. Any activities affecting water resources shall likewise acquire a
permit first.
The water permit specifies among others the
(1) maximum amount and rate as well as the schedule of water diversion or withdrawal,
(2) location of wells,
(3) place of use, and
(4) purpose/s of water use
The streambank easement zones of three (3) meters for urban areas, twenty (20) meters for
agricultural areas, and forty (40) meters for forest areas along the entire length of the rivers
and streams are also mandated under Article 51 of this Code.
177
Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act
of 1990
Republic Act No. 6969: Importation, manufacturing, processing,
sale, distribution, use, and disposal of substances that pose an
unreasonable risk and/or injury to the health of the people and
the environment are prohibited under this Act. All chemicals
being presently imported, manufactured, or used in the country
are listed in an inventory with full details and any new substances
must undergo pre-manufacturing or pre-importation regulations.
178
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
Republic Act No. 8749: One of the salient features of this Act is the establishment of a
multi-sectoral Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework and Air Quality Control
Action Plan which will serve as the primary guide for air pollution management and
control in the country. Adopting a multi-sectoral or participatory approach (also called
“partnership approach to healthy air” or “people-driven approach”) means that ideas
and comments should be gathered from all stakeholders, and information is largely
disclosed to the public. Alongside many other regulatory measures, all sources of air
pollutant emissions are also mandated by this Act to secure a permit to operate apart
from the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). Importantly, this Act sets the
emission limits for various types of pollutants both stationary and mobile, including
smoking, fuel and fuel additives, ozone-depleting substances, greenhouse gases, and
organic pollutants among many others.
179
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
Republic Act No. 9003: Aimed at establishing a nationwide ecological solid
waste management program, this Act provides for the furtherance of
proper segregation, collection and transport, recycling, and composting of
wastes in the Philippines. Article 6 of RA 9003 promulgates the guidelines
for a comprehensive waste management strategy including but not limited
to: Prohibition of open dumps, Requiring a permit for solid waste
management facility construction and expansion, Guidelines for controlled
dumps, and Criteria for siting, establishment, and operations of sanitary
landfills in the country.
180
Republic Act No. 9275: The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 is the
comprehensive strategy for the protection and conservation of the
country’s water resources, both freshwater and marine. This Act requires
the acquisition of water pollution permits through the “Wastewater
Charge System” which ensures that there are no unauthorized,
undocumented, and unregulated discharges in any water body in the
Philippines. Project and program proponents are also required to establish
an environmental guarantee fund (EGF) in order to finance the
preservation and/or rehabilitation of the health of the affected
ecosystems, especially that of the watersheds and aquifers among others.
All persons or organizations that cause pollution are likewise required to
clean-up any pollution they have caused at their own expense.
181
182
183
The High-Level Political Forum 2019
The theme of the HLPF in 2019 was “Empowering
people and ensuring inclusiveness and equality”.
The SDGs in focus were:
•Goal 4: Quality Education for all;
•Goal 8: Economic Growth and Decent Work;
•Goal 10: Reducing inequality within and between
countries; and
•Goal 13: Climate Action.
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
UN Definition of Indigenous Peoples (1993)
Indigenous communities, peoples and nations are those which,
having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial
societies that developed on their territories, consider themselves
distinct from other sectors of societies now prevailing in those
territories, or parts of them. They form at present non-dominant
sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and
transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their
ethnic identity, as the basis of their continued existence as peoples,
in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institutions
and legal systems.
Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/16847401/

191
Retrieved from webinar presentation 12-6-21
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
Retrieved from webinar presentation 12-6-21 – Dr. Maria C. Aplaten
206
207
208
209
210
(edition of book, 2015)
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmHic35yGxQ March 31, 2016 211

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGILKvhvrm4 February 4, 2021 212
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGILKvhvrm4 February 4, 2021 213
Retrieved https://www.wowcordillera.com/2021/02/writer-of-erroneous-learning-material.html February 4, 2021 214
Retrieved https://www.wowcordillera.com/2021/02/writer-of-erroneous-learning-material.html February 4, 2021 215
216
217
Retrieved http://visitpinas.com/local-government-units-lgu-in-the-philippines/
Election Management Bodies
Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/12769037/

Retrieved https://www.rappler.com/voices/ispeak/why-youth-register-2016-elections
Retrieved https://www.slideshare.net/JaiminBrahmbhatt1/importance-of-voting-in-india
Retrieved https://www.sti.edu/student-development/stories.asp?id=14
Retrieved ocialworker.com/feature-articles/practice/voting-is-social-work-voter-empowerment-national-social-work-voter-mobilization-campaign/
Definition of Social Work
“Social work as a practice based and academic
discipline that promotes change and social
development. Accordingly, the principle of social
justice, human rights, collective responsibility,
and respect of diversities are vital in the field.
- International Federation of Social Workers
Retrieved https://www.slideshare.net/JoemMagante/introduction-to-social-work-76994041
Retrieved https://www.slideserve.com/haruki/social-justice
Retrieved https://examples.yourdictionary.com/what-are-natural-rights-concept-key-examples
Retrieved https://www.slideshare.net/sathishalu/human-rights-education-108756159
Retrieved https://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/human-rights.html
Collective responsibility
refers to a situation where
individual members of a
group are held responsible
for the group’s actions as a
whole. Once a position has
been agreed and voted on
then, members must abide Retrieved https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/collective-responsibility.html
by that position.
Retrieved https://www.thecorporategovernanceinstitute.com/insights/lexicon/what-does-collective-responsibility-mean-for-boards-and-directors/
Respect is to
admire,
appreciate,
consider,
esteem,
regard.
Retrieved https://slideplayer.com/slide/9523576/
SLU KASAMA –
STUDENT SUPREME COUNCIL (SSC)
VOTE WISELY

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Module 2: SPECIAL TOPICS FOR FORA

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

• identify present social issues needed to be addressed;

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

• identify present social issues needed to be addressed;

Social Issues Identified Problem Possible Solutions

Mental Health issues

Retrieved from https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-issue-and-problem

Retrieved from https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-issue-and-problem

Mental Health issues

Retrieved from https://intermountainhealthcare.org/blogs/topics/live-well/2020/04/whats-the-difference-between-a-pandemic-an-epidemic-endemic-

Retrieved from https://intermountainhealthcare.org/blogs/topics/live-well/2020/04/whats-the-difference-between-a-pandemic-an-epidemic-endemic-

This also means that people whoengage in behavior that

- Risk of the virus is

- Sundin pa rin ang

AN EPIDEMIC is a disease that affects a large number of people within a

A PANDEMIC is an epidemic that’s spread over multiple countries or continents.

ENDEMIC is something that belongs to a particular people or country.

AN OUTBREAK is a greater-than-anticipated increase in the number of endemic

Retrieved from https://intermountainhealthcare.org/blogs/topics/live-well/2020/04/whats-the-difference-between-a-pandemic-an-epidemic-endemic-

Epidemics can follow A typical example of this is

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfwpTMteKMk

How does it spread?

How does it spread?

How does it spread?

What should I do if I have symptoms?

What should I do if I have symptoms?

What should I do if I have symptoms?

The Benefits of Fitness

Retrieved from https://www.askthetrainer.com/definition-of-physical-fitness/ 75

Retrieved from https://www.askthetrainer.com/definition-of-physical-fitness/ 76

Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/sivanandareddy52/definition-

Retrieved from https://www.innerworkout.co/well-being/what-is-mental-health

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_abnlpOI-g 112

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_abnlpOI-g 113

Dr. Khezy Colas, medical officer of the City Health

To address the issue, Colas cited, CHSO’s

Retrieved from https://northluzon.politiko.com.ph/2023/02/12/health-officials-flag-60-increase-in-suicide-rates-in-baguio-

In the Philippines, mental illness is becoming a common

Retrieved from https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1211404

•Depression affects over 300 million people worldwide, regardless

•more than 75% of people in low- and middle-income countries

•Although high-income countries offer “minimally-adequate”

•Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among people aged

• 284 million people suffer from an anxiety disorder worldwide

• In a 2020 survey, 62% of respondents reported experiencing

• In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, global prevalence

In some cases it can even develop into Acute

Poaching is a major existential threat to

Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System

Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/16847401/

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmHic35yGxQ March 31, 2016 211

Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/12769037/

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