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Expression of outdoor and indoor spaces in Indonesia demands buildings from the
aspect of the application of sustainable materials
The expression of the outer and inner spaces in Indonesian buildings
demands to be viewed from the aspect of the application of sustainable materials

Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan 1 , Quiny Fazel Nafila2 , Julia Dwina Rachmawaty3 ,

Fikri Baihaqi4 , Seruni Shafa Nurbaya5

1,2,3,4,5 Architecture Study Program, Bandung National Institute of Technology

grand.prabowo@itenas.ac.id

Abstract

Cultural heritage buildings can be interpreted as witnesses of a country's journey which can be found in
every city throughout Indonesia. In line with this, the preservation of Cultural Heritage Buildings (BGCB)
must meet technical requirements, preservation requirements, orderly management of buildings, and must
continue to be maintained. One of the Cultural Heritage Buildings (BGCB) in Bandung is the Indonesia
Menginjau Building which is located on Jl. Pioneers of Independence, No. 5, Babakan Ciamis, Sumur
Bandung, Babakan Ciamis, Kec. Bandung Well, Bandung City. In this research, the method used is a
qualitative method with primary data collection techniques (direct observation) and secondary data (references
and theory). Through these two techniques, it is hoped that it can produce a comprehensive understanding
of the research topic. This research variable focuses on 3 variables, namely pattern, color and texture of the
material. Field surveys and interviews were also carried out to support analysis in the preservation of the
Cultural Heritage Building (BGCB) of the Indonesia Mengtinggi Building in Bandung. The analysis carried
out refers to several parts of the outer and inner spaces of the Indonesian Claims Building, which use a lot
of old materials which are maintained and reused. Some of these materials, such as window openings, use
teak wood which is finished with polish

brown in color so that it has a natural impression and has good durability. The results of the study show that
the effect produced by the use of sustainable materials in the Indonesia Mengtinggi building can give the
impression of a natural building that is in accordance with the use of color in the materials. The Neo Classical
concept can be seen in the material texture which is regular and comfortable to look at. Roofs, walls and
openings have a positive influence on the expression of a building's outdoor space when viewed from color,
texture and pattern. In the interior, sustainable material elements dominate, creating an interesting and
expressive impression. The conclusion of the research shows that the application of sustainable materials
with an architectural ecological approach in the Indonesia Mengangkat Building has been implemented quite
well.

Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Color, Texture and Pattern.

Abstract

Cultural heritage buildings can be interpreted as witnesses to the journey of a country that can be found in
every city throughout Indonesia. In line with this, the preservation of Cultural Heritage Buildings (BGCB)
must meet technical requirements, preservation requirements, orderly operation of building buildings, and
must be continuously maintained. One of the Cultural Heritage Buildings (BGCB) in Bandung City is the
Indonesia Mengkuat Building located on Jalan Perintis Independen, No. 5, Babakan Ciamis, Sumur
Bandung, Babakan Ciamis, Kec. Bandung Well, Bandung City. In this research, the method used is a
qualitative method with primary data collection techniques (direct observation) and secondary data
(references and theories). These two techniques, it is expected to produce a comprehensive understanding
of the research topic. The variables of this research are focused on 3 variables, namely the style, color, and
texture of the material. Field surveys and interviews were also conducted to support the analysis of the
preservation of the Building of Cultural Heritage (BGCB)
Indonesian Building Sued in Bandung. The analysis carried out refers to several parts of the outer space
and inner space of the Indonesia Mengkuat Building which uses a lot of old materials that are still

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maintained and reused. Some of these materials such as window openings use teak wood material which is finished with brown
lacquer paint to have a natural impression and have good durability. The results of the study show that the effect produced by the
use of sustainable materials in the Indonesia Mengkuat Building can give the impression that the building feels natural under the
use of color in the material. The Neo Classic concept is seen in the texture of materials that are organized and comfortable to look
at. The roof, walls, and openings have a positive influence on the expression of the building's outer space when viewed from color,
texture, and pattern. In the inner space, sustainable material elements dominate, creating an attractive and expressive impression.
The research conclusion shows that the application of sustainable materials with an ecological approach to architecture in the
Indonesia Mengkuat Building has been applied quite well.

Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Colors, Textures and Patterns.

I. Introduction No. 19 of 2009 concerning Management of Cultural

Cultural heritage buildings can be interpreted
as witnesses of a country's journey which can be
found in every city throughout Indonesia. In line with
this, the preservation of Cultural Heritage Buildings
(BGCB) must meet technical requirements, preservation
requirements,
Heritage Areas and Buildings.
This cultural heritage status is also confirmed in the
Bandung City Regional Regulation no.
18 of 2011 concerning Bandung City Regional Spatial
Planning Plan for 2011-
2031 (Bandung City Regional Regulations, 2011).

orderly management of buildings, and must continue 1.1 Theory of Cultural Heritage Buildings
to be maintained. One of the Cultural Heritage
Regarding cultural heritage buildings, we
Buildings (BGCB) in Bandung is the Indonesia
cannot be separated from the historical heritage that
Menginjau Building which is located on Jl. Pioneers of
was built by our predecessors in building a culture.
Independence, No. 5, Babakan Ciamis, Sumur
Bandung, Babakan Ciamis, Kec.
Physical cultural heritage (tangible
heritage) is often classified into 2, namely immovable
Bandung Well, Bandung City. The Indonesia Meng
cultural heritage and movable cultural heritage .
Sue Building is a silent witness to Indonesia's struggle
Immovable cultural heritage is usually in the open and
against Dutch colonialism. This building is one of the
consists of: sites, historical places, land and water
well-preserved historical buildings. Indonesian Building
landscapes, ancient and/or historic buildings, statues
Sues
of heroes (Abdulla et al., 2014).

Originally a Dutch residence built in 1907. Then, in

1917, the building changed its function to Landraad,
or Dutch colonial administration. In 1930, Landraad
was used to try freedom fighters. In June 2007, the
Indonesia Mengtinggian Building (GIM) was officially
opened to the public and became a Class A cultural Regarding cultural heritage buildings, we
heritage building that requires care and maintenance. cannot be separated from the historical heritage that
In order to preserve Indonesian history and culture, was built by our predecessors in building a culture.
the Bandung City Government has now given the
Indonesian Building a cultural heritage label. Physical cultural heritage (tangible
heritage) is often classified into 2, namely immovable
cultural heritage and movable cultural heritage.
Immovable cultural heritage usually resides in place

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open and consisting of: sites, historical places, land
and water landscapes, ancient and/or historic buildings,
statues of heroes (Abdulla et al., 2014).
1.1.1 Facade
In the Dictionary of
Architecture & Construction, the definition of a facade
is the exterior part of a building that is sometimes
used to differentiate it from other buildings by adding
architectural details or
decoration(Harris, 2005). The composition of a facade,
taking into account all its functional requirements
(such as windows, doors, sun shading, and roof) is
basically done by creating a harmonious unity using a
balanced composition, organized vertical and
horizontal elements, materials, colors, and decorative
elements ( Ramadanta, 2010). Other factors that are
no less important are the proportion of openings, the
height of the building, the principle of repetition, good
compositional balance, as well as the themes included
in the variations in building form (Hermawan &
Setyowati, 2018).
1.2 Internal Space
1.2.1 Definition of Internal Space
Internal space or interior is the planning and
design of the room layout of a building. The interior
consists of elements, namely walls, floors and ceilings.
The aim of interior arrangement and design is to
improve the beauty, function and psychological quality
of the space so that the occupants feel comfortable
and safe (F.
DK Ching & C. Binggeli, 2012).
1.2.2 Principles of Space Design
In
Designing interior spaces aims to increase
For functionality,
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan
adds beauty and improves the welfare of the user, so
design principles are needed. Design principles in
interior space planning include ( Basic Design
Principles in Architecture," Medan Area University,
2023):
A. Unity and Harmony
Unity and harmony occur when several
elements are combined into one complete and
balanced whole.
In this condition, each element supports each other
and combines well to form a harmonious whole,
without any element deficiencies or excesses.
B. Balance
Balance is a characteristic possessed by
every object, where its elements are visually divided
in half in a balanced manner around the center of
attention.
Accent or elements that stand out must also be
balanced with the surrounding environment.
C. Focal Point
Focal Point refers to a particular element or
point in a room that attracts special attention. The
function of a focal point is to attract the attention of
people in the room or visitors to areas or elements
that are considered important or interesting.
These focal points can be a variety of things,
such as a striking piece of art, a unique piece of
furniture, a statement piece of furniture, an interesting
architectural feature, or even a stunning view of the
outside if the room has large windows. The selection
and placement of focal points is very important in interior
design, because it can provide specific nuances and
characteristics in creating a room. visual balance,
creates interest, and provides structure to the overall
design of the room.
Matter This
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D. Rhythm
In interior design, rhythm or rhyme refers to
a regular pattern of repetition of visual elements.
Rhythm is defined as regular movement or continuity
in space design. To create rhythm or rhythm, elements
such as shapes, colors, textures and patterns are
repeated in an orderly and organized manner.
This repetition creates a harmonious and
harmonious visual pattern in the room. Examples of
repetition in rhythm or rhyme can be the same
geometric shapes on the walls, regular patterns on the
floor, or certain colors repeated in decorative
accessories.
The eye is directed to move from one element
to the next, creating a pleasing visual flow and guiding
people's gaze throughout the room.
E. Details
Details or details in interior design refer to
detailed elements that are implemented to increase
the value and quality of a room.
These details pay special attention to the small
elements that contribute to the overall room.
Apart from that, details also include proportion, scale
and symmetry in room design.
For example, choosing furniture that suits the size of
the room, placing the right mirror or artwork on the
walls, or carefully thinking about lighting to create the
desired atmosphere.
By implementing these details, interior
design can enhance aesthetics, enrich the visual
experience, and create unique and memorable spaces.
Details are an important element in design that pays
attention to aspects of the beauty, comfort and function
of the room as a whole.
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan
1.2.3 Elements Forming Internal Space
Space cannot be separated from human life,
both from a psychological, emotional and dimensional
perspective.
Humans live in space, move, feel, think, and create and
express their forms (ISLAMI, 2018). The interior space
is generally formed by three room elements, namely
(Pramesiwara, 2023): (a) Floor processing (b) Wall
processing and (c)
Ceiling Processing.
Floor processing includes selecting, placing
and finishing floor materials in the room. Floor materials
can be tiles, ceramics, wood, carpet, or other types of
materials.
The choice of flooring material is considered based on
functional requirements, aesthetic appearance, and suitability
to the style and design theme of the room.
Wall processing includes the selection of
materials, finishes and wall decoration in the room.
Wall materials can be paint, wallpaper, wall tiles, or
other materials.
The choice of color, texture and pattern on the walls
can provide certain characteristics and atmosphere to
the room.
Ceiling processing involves the selection of
materials, textures and decorations applied to the
ceiling of the room. Ceilings can be left plain with
matching paint, or decorated with moldings, ceilings,
or patterned designs to create an interesting visual
effect.
The use of ceiling lighting can also create different
atmospheres and lighting effects inside
room.
These three elements that make up a room
work together to create the overall appearance of the
space
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in. The right combination of floor, wall and
ceiling processing can create a room that is
aesthetic, comfortable and in accordance with
the needs and intended use of the room.
(Pramesiwara, 2023)
1.3 Sustainable Materials
Sustainable materials, or often
referred to as sustainable materials, refer to
materials that are produced in required
quantities without consuming non-renewable
resources and without disturbing the balance
of the environment and major natural resource
systems.
Sustainable materials have several
important characteristics. First, these materials
are produced with resource efficiency in mind,
thereby reducing excessive use of energy,
water and raw materials. This helps maintain
ecosystem balance and reduces negative
impacts on the environment.
Second, sustainable materials are
recycled or have a long life cycle. This means
that the material can be reused after use or
can decompose naturally without causing
pollution or dangerous waste. The use of
recycled materials reduces the use of new
raw materials and reduces waste landfill.
Apart from that, sustainable materials
also pay attention to social and economic
aspects. These materials are produced to
provide economic benefits to local communities.
The application of sustainable materials can
also encourage innovation and sustainable
industrial development.
By using sustainable materials, we
can reduce negative impacts on the
environment and society, and maintain
sustainability
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan
natural resources. This is an important step in
building a sustainable future and maintaining
a balanced ecosystem for future generations.
Although this tradition has not been explored
further in the sustainable development of creative
designs and functions in the current era of modern
technology (Ervianto et al., 2012; Rahmat et al., 2018;
Sofiana et al., 2018).
II. RESEARCH METHODS
The research methodology used in
this study is a qualitative method consisting of
data collection and theory about building
materials
which forms the outer and inner spaces, as
well as field surveys.
Qualitative methodology aims to
understand the phenomenon under study in
depth and gain a comprehensive understanding
of the social, cultural and psychological context
related to the research topic. This research
variable focuses on 3 variables, namely
pattern, color and texture of the material. The
object of this research is a cultural heritage
building in Bandung, namely
Indonesian Building Sues. The location of the
research object is on Jl. Pioneers of
Independence, No. 5, Babakan Ciamis, Sumur
Bandung, Babakan Ciamis, Sumur Bandung
District, Bandung City.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Outdoor Space Analysis
3.1.1 Facade
The facade is a very important
element in a building because it is the face or
identity of the building. The facade has an
important role in determining the characteristics
of a property
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building. The main elements that form the face
of a building, namely the facade, include the
shape of the walls, the shape of the roof, the
shape of the openings, as well as other
supporting elements and ornaments.
On the front facade of the Indonesia
Mengtinggi Building, the walls use brick material coated
with plaster and colored with white paint.

The shape of the walls on the facade can
vary, such as flat, curved, or curved, which will give
visual character to the building. Apart from that, the
shape of the roof also affects the appearance of the
facade. The roof can have a flat, sloping, curved, wavy
shape, which will give a different aesthetic impression
to the building. or
A layer of plaster is used to level the surface
of the wall and provide additional protection.
The use of brick material coated with plaster and
painted white on the facade walls of the Indonesia
Mengtinggi Building not only provides structural
strength, but also provides an attractive and consistent
appearance with a strong character.

The shape of openings such as doors and

windows is also an important element in the facade.
The size, proportion and design of these openings will
affect the overall appearance of the facade. Other
supporting elements and ornaments such as columns,
decorative ornaments and other architectural details
can also provide a distinctive characteristic to the
building facade.

Overall, facades play a significant role in

determining the visual character of a building. Through Figure 1 Outdoor Wall
elements such as the shape of walls, roofs, openings, Source: Analysis results

and other supporting elements and ornaments, facades

are able to reflect the identity and architectural style of The visible elements on the building facade

a building. are:

A. Color:

On the front facade of the Indonesia

3.1.1.1 Walls Mengtinggi building, the color white symbolizes purity,
purity and simplicity. The use of this color reflects the
Walls are building elements that function as
values of honesty, transparency and truth to be
barriers and do not support structural loads. This means
conveyed.
that if the wall is torn down, the building will still stand
firmly because the main structure of the building does
not depend on the wall.

Apart from that, white is also neutral and can

reflect light well. It is a symbol of simple but elegant
beauty in Indonesian architecture.
Non-structural materials commonly used on
walls include wood, glass, brick and light brick. These
materials provide visual variations and different textures
on building facades. B. Texture:

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The use of brick material on the facade of the
Indonesian Mengguggat building provides an attractive
visual effect and natural impression. The rough,
unrefined texture of the brick, even when coated in
white paint, adds visual dimension and uniqueness to
the distinctive aesthetic.
It depicts strength, assertiveness, and connectedness
to nature.
The use of brick reflects Indonesia's cultural heritage,
creates an organic impression, and adds strength and
visual uniqueness to the building.
C. Pattern:
On the facade of this building, repeating
patterns are applied consistently, creating a cohesive
aesthetic impression.
The use of teak wood on window frames and openings
gives a natural impression and unique authenticity. Wide
window openings provide good ventilation and fresh air
enters the room, creating a comfortable and cool
environment.
Overall, the pattern and use of teak wood
material creates a facade appearance that is attractive,
comfortable and in harmony with the natural surroundings.
3.1.1.2 Roof
The Indonesian building sued using clay tiles
as a roof, with the main advantage of protecting it from
extreme weather such as rain and hot sun. Clay roof
tiles are resistant and prevent leaks and reduce the
effects
hot.
Apart from being functional, these tiles provide
a natural and traditional appearance to the building,
increasing the aesthetic value and beauty of the
architecture. Apart from that, clay roof tiles also support
environmental sustainability because the natural material
is easily recycled and environmentally friendly.
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan
With clay roof tiles, the Indonesia Mengtinggi
Building shows a commitment to the environment and
has a roof that is functional, aesthetic and sustainable.
Figure 2. Floor plan and front view of the roof
Source: Analysis results
The visible elements on the roof of the
Indonesia Mengtinggi Building are:
A. Color:
The roofs of Indonesian Suit buildings use the
original color of clay tiles, such as brick red, brown or
orange, according to the material. This original color
creates a natural impression and harmony with the
surrounding environment, enhancing the aesthetics and
visual appeal of the building.
The authenticity of the materials and beauty
of traditional architecture are maintained
maintains the natural colors of clay tiles. This approach
respects the characteristics of the natural materials used
and creates visual harmony and natural beauty in the
building design. The original color of the clay roof tiles
is an important element in achieving a natural impression
and blending with the environment, complementing the
uniqueness and aesthetics of the Indonesia Mengtinggi
Building.
B.Texture:
The texture of the roof tiles on Indonesian
Buildings is not finished after installation, so the surface
feels rough and natural. this decision
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gives a distinctive aesthetic impression, such as a Natural lighting and ventilation create
traditional and natural appearance. comfort and health indoors. Apart from that, doors
and windows are also interesting architectural
However, unfinished roof tiles are
elements.
susceptible to dirt and mildew, and require special
The use of doors and windows in this building is
care to maintain their beauty over time.
important in creating comfort, air circulation, natural
lighting, and a spatial layout that relates to the
The use of roof tiles without finishing is a design
surrounding environment.
choice that impacts the rough texture of the building,
and while providing uniqueness, still requires attention
Overall, the doors and windows in Indonesian
to maintenance.
Mengtinggi buildings have an important function and
functional aesthetic value.
C. Pattern:

The application of repeating patterns to the

roof tile material in the Indonesia Mengtinggi Building
creates an orderly and cohesive visual impression.
This pattern provides harmony, balance and a
distinctive visual identity to the building. By repeating
certain motifs or shapes on each tile, the roof of the
building looks attractive, orderly, and strengthens the
characteristics of the design.

Apart from that, the use of tile material also

provides a warm thermal effect on the building. Figure 3. Plan and drawing of exterior openings

Repeating patterns on roof tiles become design

Source: Analysis results
elements that differentiate and create uniqueness in
buildings, reflecting the desired culture, architectural
style, or design theme. The elements visible in the opening elements
of the Indonesia Mengtinggi Building are:

A. Color:

3.1.1.3 Aperture The window openings in the Indonesia

Mengtinggi Building use brown polish for a natural
Openings in buildings are doors and
and elegant appearance. This color creates a warm
windows that function as circulation access between
and welcoming atmosphere in the room, along with
spaces enclosed by walls in a building (Ervianto et
the natural characteristics of the wood material.
al., 2012).

The Indonesia Mengujit building has doors and
windows as circulation access between rooms. The
door functions as entry and exit access, giving an
aesthetic impression of security.
And Windows
provide natural light, air circulation, and views outside
the building.
The choice of natural brown also enhances
the aesthetic appearance of the opening, highlighting
the shape and texture of the wood with an attractive
artistic impression.
The decision to choose the color of this polish may
have been carefully considered to suit the architectural
style

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overall and achieve the desired impression of the
building.
B.Texture:
The use of teak wood in the Indonesian
Mengtinggi Building produces a semi-smooth texture
that maintains the natural beauty of the wood fibers.
Teak wood is used for various elements such as floors,
ceilings, and perhaps walls or decoration.
This semi-fine texture provides
natural impression, warm aesthetic, and comfortable
touch. The rich and varied colors of teak wood
enhance its natural appearance, while its smooth
nature makes care and maintenance easier. The use
of teak wood in this building may also reflect an
architectural theme that highlights natural and
sustainable elements in the design.
C. Pattern:
The pattern applied to the openings in the
Indonesia Mengtinggi Building uses a repeating
pattern with a vertical rhythm. This pattern repeats
design elements regularly in each part of the opening,
following vertical lines that give a distinctive and
aesthetic impression
dynamic in buildings.
The use of this pattern provides interesting
visual effects, such as the impression of height and
protrusion of the vertical shape of the building.
Repeating patterns with vertical rhythm create a
harmonious and strong impression in the Neo
Classical architecture of this building.
The choice of this pattern may have been carefully
considered by the architects to achieve the desired
design goals, highlight the characteristics of the
building and create a unique visual atmosphere.
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan
3.2 Internal Space Analysis
3.2.1 Floor
The floor is a flat and level area of space
that functions as a support for activities in the interior
and
existing furniture. Structured floors will be able to
carry loads well (Sulistiawan et al., 2020).
3.2.1.1 Old Building Floors
Figure 4. Floor plan and drawing of the room in the
old building
Source: Analysis results
Materials used in the area
Old buildings use tile materials. Apart from that, the
visible elements on the building floor are:
A. Color:
The floor of the Indonesian Claims Building
uses tiles with the original color of the material. The color
of the tiles is maintained from the original which gives a
firm, solid and strong impression when
entering the building. Earthy, gray, or other earthy tones
provide a warm, natural atmosphere.
The choice of tile color may have been
carefully considered by the building designer to
achieve the desired impression and strengthen the
unique characteristics of this building. The bold and
strong color of the tiles matches the theme and overall
architectural style of the Indonesia Mengtinggi Building.
B. Texture:
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The use of tiles with a rough texture in the 3.2.1.2 New Building Floors
Indonesia Mengtinggi building creates a natural
impression and distinctive aesthetic. Tile is a strong and
durable material used on floors and walls of buildings.
The rough texture of the tiles reflects the natural
character of the material without being overly processed.
Interesting visual impacts and a distinctive atmosphere
in the building are created from these textures. Apart
from that, the practical benefits of rough tiles are good Figure 5. Floor plans and drawings in new buildings
grip and reducing the risk of slipping on the floor.
Source: Analysis results

The material used in the new building area is

The selection material This granite. Apart from that, the visible elements on the
was considered to achieve the building's distinctive building floor are:
architectural identity, strengthening the overall character
and aesthetics of the Indonesia Mengtinggi building.
A. Color:

C. Pattern: The floors of the old building in the Indonesia

Mengtinggi building use granite material with natural
The use of a diagonal tile pattern on the floor
colors such as brown, gray, or other unique colors.
of the Indonesia Mengtinggi building emphasizes the
area as the main entrance with a distinctive visual effect.
The use of granite gives a firm and sturdy impression
This pattern creates the illusion of movement and a
when entering the building, reflecting the strong
formal, elegant feel, attracting visitors' attention from the character of the rock
start. The use of sustainable tile-type materials on the
natural. The color of the granite is maintained from its
floor gives a natural impression because of the unique
natural properties, providing an impressive effect on
color and texture.
visitors.

Apart from aesthetics, granite also has

In addition, this sustainable material reflects
practical advantages because it is durable and easy to
environmental responsibility, enhancing the building's
maintain. The choice of granite color was carefully
image as a building that cares for the environment and
considered by the building designer to strengthen the
contributes to sustainable development. The choice of
character and aesthetics of the Indonesia Mengtinggi
materials and patterns has been well considered for
building as a whole.
both aesthetic and practical purposes, creating an
attractive atmosphere and conveying a message of
concern for nature B. Texture:

The use of granite as a flooring material in

the Indonesia Mengtinggi building produces a semi-
smooth texture that gives a natural and aesthetic
impression.

Even though it is smooth, granite still has the typical

roughness of natural rock.
Surface granite that reflects fine
natural beauty and

building sturdiness. However, keep in mind

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that granite can be a little slippery, especially when
wet or in certain areas.
is considered Granite
mature for use because it is durable and easy to
maintain. The semi-fine texture of granite creates an
attractive impression and strengthens the aesthetic
character of the building.
For safety, you need to take precautions by adding
rugs or markers in areas that tend to be slippery.
C. Pattern:
The diagonal tile pattern was chosen to
define the area and create a unique impression. The
choice of granite patterns and materials strengthens
the character and architectural identity of the building.
Thus, granite gives a modern and attractive impression
to the Indonesia Mengtinggi building.
3.2.2 Walls
Walls are an important part of a building
because they have the main function of a space,
namely as a barrier between spaces in a building.
3.2.2.1 Old Building Walls
In the old building area, the material used
on the walls is brick covered with white paint. Apart
from that, there are living windows and doors as a
source of natural lighting.
Figure 6. Floor plan and wall drawings in the
old building
Source: Analysis results
A. Color:
On the walls of the old building of the
Indonesian Claims building, the paint color used was
white. White color
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan
gives a natural, clean and elegant impression to the
building. The cleanliness and purity associated with
the color white makes buildings look bright and vibrant.
This neutral color accentuates the
architectural form and design details of the building,
creating a neat and well-kept appearance. The choice
of white was carefully considered to achieve the
desired aesthetic impression and describe the
building's identity.
The white color provides a positive visual impact,
creating the impression of a natural, elegant and well-
maintained building in the Indonesia Mengtinggi
building.
B. Texture:
The use of plaster brick material in the
Indonesia Mengtinggi building, which is painted white,
creates a semi-rough texture and a classic impression.
Plaster brick is a brick with a flat surface that is coated
with plaster for a smooth finish. White paint gives the
building a clean, bright and elegant impression.
However, the semi-coarse texture of the plaster brick
gives it a distinctive hint of roughness.
This effect creates the building's timeless
charm and classic architectural characteristics. The
classic impression also shows historical values and
traditional elements in the design. The use of this
texture was carefully considered to achieve identity
and visual charm, enhancing the classic impression
desired in the Indonesia Mengtinggi building.
C. Pattern:
The pattern applied to this area of the old
building is a repetitive vertical pattern. This pattern is
displayed using elements that are regular and
sequential vertically. When seen
From a distance, this pattern gives the building a
visual impression of order and harmony.
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Applying this vertical pattern can also
provide an interesting visual effect, because vertical
lines give the building a slimmer impression. This
pattern creates a distinctive look and adds an aesthetic
dimension to the new building, giving it a visually
organized and harmonious feel.
3.2.2.2 New Building Walls
In new buildings, the wall material used is
brick coated with white paint. This gives the building a
clean and bright appearance. Apart from that, in the
building there are windows that function as sources of
natural lighting and also doors that can provide light
from the outside.
The existence of these windows and doors
allows sunlight to enter the room, thereby creating a
bright and comfortable atmosphere in the building.
Figure 7. Plan and wall drawings in the new
building
Source: Analysis results
A. Color:
In this new building, the color used comes
from white paint applied to the building. The use of
white gives the impression that the building looks
natural.
The white color in the paint creates a clean
and bright appearance, while giving the building a
classic impression of simplicity. Apart from that, white
also has the ability to
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan
reflects light, so the building appears brighter and
blends with its environment. Thus, the white paint
color succeeds in creating a natural impression and
giving the old building a unique visual appeal.
B. Texture:
The texture resulting from the use of plaster
brick material painted white in this building feels semi-
rough, giving a distinctive classic impression.
The smooth surface of the plaster brick naturally adds
visual dimension to the building.
With a touch of white paint applied, this
texture becomes more prominent and gives a different
impression compared to a smooth and flat surface.
This semi-rough texture creates a warm feel and gives
the building unique characteristics. The classic
impression that arises from this texture also provides
a traditional touch that enriches the overall aesthetics
of the building.
C. Pattern:
A repeating vertical pattern was applied to the walls
of a new building in Indonesia Mengault to create an
attractive aesthetic impression and distinctive visual
character. This pattern can highlight the elegance or
artistic expression of the building.
The use of vertical patterns provides a unique and
striking appearance, providing an engaging visual
experience for residents and visitors.
This pattern was carefully chosen by the
architect to suit the overall theme and purpose of the
building. In other parts of the building, the use of
plaster bricks painted white gives a natural impression
and strengthens the Neo Classical concept. The clean
and bright white surface gives a classic impression
and
light on the building.
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3.2.3 Ceiling
The ceiling is an area that is located above
the human line of sight. Its function is to protect the area
or space beneath it. The ceiling provides protection from
external elements such as weather, dust and insects
that can enter the room. Apart from that, the ceiling
also has an important role in helping maintain the
temperature and acoustics in the room.
With a ceiling, sound will be better distributed
and reduce excessive echo. The ceiling is also often
used as a place to install lights, cables and ventilation
systems. Thus, ceilings have an important role in
providing protection and comfort indoors, as well as
playing an aesthetic role in the overall design and
appearance of the building.
3.2.3.1 Old Building Ceilings
Figure 8. Plan and drawing of the ceiling in an old
building
Source: Analysis results
A. Color:
The ceilings throughout this old building use
wooden ceiling frames. Apart from that, the elements
visible on the ceiling are:
The use of white on the ceiling creates an
effect that gives the building a classic impression.
The white color on the ceiling paint creates
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan
clean, bright and elegant appearance.
The white color chosen has a classic appeal and
gives a bright impression to the building.
The white color on the ceiling can also
create a spacious impression and give the impression
of a more open room. The classic effect that arises
from the white color on the ceiling also strengthens
the traditional characteristics and adds aesthetic
value to the old building.
B. Texture:
The texture resulting from the use of white
painted ceiling material in this building creates a
distinctive classic impression. The smooth and even
ceiling surface with a touch of white paint gives the
building an elegant and classic appearance. The
resulting texture gives a clean and orderly impression.
C. Pattern:
In this old building, a repeating vertical
pattern applied to the ceiling creates a sense of order
and elegance. This pattern provides additional
dimension and the visual effect of lengthening the
room. Horizontal ceilings on the walls of the room
give a natural and open impression, creating a modern
and minimalist look.
Horizontal stripes of the ceiling visually
expand the room.
Both succeed in creating an organized, harmonious
appearance and giving the building a distinctive visual
appeal.
The application of vertical patterns and horizontal
ceilings succeeded in creating a spacious, orderly
and aesthetically attractive impression in the old
building.
3.2.3.2 New Building Ceilings
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Figure 9. Ceiling plan and drawing in a new building
Source: Analysis results
In this new building, the entire ceiling uses
white ceiling with a repeating horizontal pattern. The
use of white ceilings gives the ceiling a clean, bright
and modern appearance.
The white color creates a bright impression and gives
the illusion of a larger room. Apart from that, the
elements visible on the ceiling are:
A. Color:
The use of white on the ceiling creates an
effect that gives the building a classic impression. The
white color on the ceiling creates a clean, bright and
elegant appearance. The white color chosen gives a
classic impression and gives a bright feel to the
building. The use of white on the ceiling also gives a
timeless impression, which remains relevant and
beautiful from time to time.
The classic effect that arises from the white
color on the ceiling also provides a traditional touch
that enriches the overall aesthetic of this new building.
The white color on the ceiling creates an elegant
impression, gives the impression of luxury and gives
the building a unique visual appeal.
B. Texture:
The use of white painted ceiling material
with a smooth texture in the building creates a
distinctive and stunning classic impression. Ceiling
surface
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan
The smooth one gives a neat, clean and elegant
appearance. The smooth texture adds a sense of
order and organization to the ceiling.
The touch of white paint further emphasizes
the impression of elegance and classic elegance. This
finely textured ceiling maintains its beauty over time
and provides a traditional touch
which enriches the overall aesthetics of the building.
C. Pattern:
The repeating vertical pattern on the ceiling
of the new building creates a visual impression of
order and symmetry over the space. This pattern
elongates the room, giving the impression of being
taller and more spacious. The application of vertical
patterns gives an elegant and modern look to interior
design.
On the other hand, the horizontal ceiling on
the walls of the room gives a natural, open and
spacious impression. Horizontal lines create the visual
illusion of expanding the room. The horizontal ceiling
blends with the surrounding environment and gives a
minimalist impression and emphasizes the height of
the room. The effect of applying these vertical and
horizontal patterns creates a distinctive visual appeal
and aesthetic value in the new building.
IV. CONCLUSION
This research in-depth examines the
application of materials in the outer and inner spaces
of the Indonesia Mengtinggi Building, both in old and
new buildings. The old building with white brick walls
gives a natural impression and a clean appearance.
Windows and doors that provide natural lighting add
to the beauty.
Meanwhile, the newThat,
building uses white plaster brick
with a semi-rough texture and a classic impression.
Windows and doors still create refreshing and natural
lighting
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bright room. The difference in the application of
materials to old and new buildings provides unique
characteristics and aesthetics. This study provides
important insights into designing the MengSuing
Indonesia Building with an identity and design purpose
that shines through.
This research does not specifically mention
floor materials, but it is assumed to be in accordance
with the architectural concepts and styles of old and
new buildings.
Doors and windows provide good access, air
circulation and natural lighting and beautify the
building as a whole. The ceiling in the old building is
white with a classic effect, while in the new building,
the white ceiling with a horizontal pattern creates the
impression of a spacious and modern space. Old
materials, such as teak wood, are maintained with
brown polish for authenticity and durability. The use
of sustainable materials gives a natural impression
that is in harmony with the surrounding environment.
The results of the study highlight the importance of
choosing wise colors to create a natural impression in
the Indonesian Mentinggi Building with an elegant
Neo Classical concept and classic aesthetics. An
attractive and expressive expression of outdoor space
is achieved through the application of color, texture
and pattern to the exterior of the building.
The application of sustainable materials,
both in color, texture and pattern, creates an attractive
indoor environment and is in line with the commitment
to maintaining environmental sustainability and
resource efficiency. This study concludes that the
architectural ecological approach in the Indonesia
Mengtinggi Building can be a good example in the
construction of sustainable environmentally friendly
buildings, creating attractive expressions in the outer
and inner spaces of the building.
And
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