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MODULE 4:
INTRODUCTION
But the effects they have on the body and the mind are expressed in
profoundly different ways. While stimulants work to activate the central
nervous system (CNS), depressants work to quiet it. That‘s why stimulants are
known as ―uppers‖ and depressants are known as ―downers.‖
The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord. It takes in information
from the peripheral nervous system and sends information to the network of
nerves outside the brain. It then integrates the information and coordinates
and influences the activity of all parts of the body.
The brain and the body can easily become dependent on the stimulating
or sedating effects of stimulants or depressants respectively. Over time, the
individual might need to consume more and more of a drug — or mix the drug
with other substances — to achieve the same initial effects. This process is
known as developing a tolerance.
SAQ #1 – 15 points
Why do only some people get addicted to drugs? (5 points)
Are all drugs addictive? What
makes them addictive? (10 points)
B. COMPETENCY #1 :
OBJECTIVES
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Stimulants a drug that speed up the brain and central nervous system
CONTEXT
Drugs can be classified in many ways. For example, they can be classified
according to:
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STIMULANT DRUGS
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Description: Synthetic drugs (or designer drugs) are substances that are
b. Synthetic drugs
obtained by chemically synthesizing other drugs. Usually they are derived
from drugs that, because of their contraindications, have not come into use
or whose use was abandoned due to having scant therapeutic interest.
Types of cathinones commonly used:
Mephedrone (4-MMC), M-CAT)
Methylone
Methcathinone
Buphedrone
Bupropion
Pyrovalerone
Alpha-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (alpha-PVP)
MDPV
How it is Used: Synthetic cathinones are usually snorted, swallowed or
injected.
When taken orally the desired effects are typically seen within 15–45
minutes. After snorting the desired effect is anecdotally reported to occur
within a few minutes.
The effects usually last for approximately 2-4 hours.
College of Education
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College of Education
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2nd Semester (Batch
Enhanced sociability
Enhanced appreciation of music
Increased desire to move, also slight increase in stereotypy
Skin tingling
Decreased appetite
Repetitive thought patterns
Actual and perceived changes in body temperature
Mild jaw clenching/bruxism
Increased heart rate
No deaths have been reported following a sole ingestion of BZP,
although there have been at least two deaths from the combination of
BZP and MDMA.
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SAQ # 2: 10 points
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DEPRESSANT
How depressants are used depends on the specific type, for example
alcohol is drunk and benzodiazepines are usually swallowed but can also be
injected. Generally speaking, depressants can be swallowed, drunk as a
beverage, injected, snorted or inhaled.
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ENDORPHINS
Description:
HEROIN
It can be mixed with water and injected with a needle. Heroin can also be
smoked or snorted up the nose.
All of these ways of taking heroin send it to the brain very quickly. This
makes it very addictive.
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People who inject the drug also risk getting infectious diseases, including
HIV/AIDS and hepatitis.
BARBITURATES
OXYCOCDONE
Description:
ALCOHOL
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Effects on the Body: From a physical standpoint, the short term effects of
alcoholic beverage intake are impaired balance, movement, speech and vision,
hurried and unintelligible expression, decreased ability to concentrate,
drowsiness, and despondency, irritability, nausea, vomiting and/or headaches.
Effects of depressants
There is no safe level of drug use. Use of any drug always carries some
risk. It‘s important to be careful when taking any type of drug.
Depressants affect everyone differently, based on: size, weight and health
whether the person is used to taking it whether other drugs are taken around
the same time the amount taken the strength of the drug (this varies from
batch to batch with illegally produced drugs).
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The onset and effects of depressants vary according to the type and
specific chemical. Some depressants may work instantly, with effects only
lasting for a short time (such as inhalants), while other depressants may take
longer for the effects to start and the duration of effects may last longer.
C. SUMMARY
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For other drugs of abuse the precise relationship, if any, to the brain
reward system is unclear.
Repeated administration of all drugs of abuse is associated with
neuroadaptive responses.
In general, tolerance develops to at least some of their effects although
the specific details of the biological mechanisms underlying these
changes are not completely understood.
In terms of promoting substance abuse, an important action is the
development of tolerance to the reinforcing properties of a drug.
D. REFERENCES
Book:
Website/Journals:
1. www.wikepedia.com
2. www.researchgate.com
3. www.coursehero.com
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4. www.google.com
5. A resillince approach to druG education, 2016
6. Drug Education Module TREDTWO Class, DLSU
7. The Relationship between Psychoactive Drugs, the Brain and Psychosis
Sutapa Basu1*and Deeptanshu Basu2,
8. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2004
9. Guidelines for the identification and management of substance use and
substance use disorders in pregnancy, WHO
1. People who abuse drugs are weak-willed. They could control their craving
for drugs if they tried.
a. True b. False
a. True b. False
3. "Club drugs" got their start at all-night dance parties among teens. These
illicit drugs have moved into mainstream culture.
a. True b. False
4. Over the last few years, the number of people abusing controlled
prescription drugs in the U.S. has grown.
a. True b. False
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5. Anabolic steroids are the same as corticosteroids. Both drugs have the
same dangerous side effects.
a. True b. False
a. True b. False
7. Different drugs cause different symptoms, so it's not always easy to tell
when someone is abusing a substance. One possible sign of substance-
use disorder in teens is when grades slip and school attendance becomes
irregular.
a. True b. False
8. If you suspect that a loved one is abusing drugs, check that the person
isn't in any immediate danger. If the person isn't in immediate danger,
wait to discuss the abuse issue until they aren't high. If they are in
immediate danger, take them to the closest emergency department or call
911.
a. True b. False
9. Most people who are treated for substance-use disorder need to stay in
treatment for at least 3 months.
a. True b. False
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a. Alcohol
b. Cocaine
c. Nicotine
d. Amphetamine