New Era University

No.9 Central Avenue, New Era

Quezon City 1107, Philippines

Marcial, Christopher Ivan E. 1/23/2024

2-CED BEED
PED 8-18
1. Assessment of learning has a long history dating back to ancient times, with key figures

such as Socrates, Plato, and the Renaissance influencing its development. In the medieval

period, universities emerged in Europe, and assessment methods included oral

examinations and disputations.

The Renaissance saw a resurgence of interest in classical education, and the

Enlightenment period brought about a shift towards empirical methods and

scientific inquiry.

The 19th century saw the need for standardized testing due to the industrial

revolution, leading to the development of written examinations. Notable figures

include Sir Francis Galton and Alfred Binet.

The early 20th century saw the rise of behaviorism, leading to the development of

objective and standardized testing methods. The educational measurement

movement gained momentum in the mid to late 20th century, with the

development of computer-based testing and alternative forms of evaluation.

2. Definitions of basic terms

Assessment is the process of gathering information about an individual's knowledge,

skills, abilities, or performance to make informed decisions about learning, teaching, and

educational programs. Formative assessment is an ongoing evaluation used to monitor

and provide feedback on learning progress. Summative assessment determines the extent

of learning and the overall achievement of educational goals. Criterion-referenced

assessment measures a student's performance against predetermined criteria or standards.

Norm-referenced assessment compares an individual's performance to that of a group of

peers. A rubric is a scoring guide or set of criteria used to evaluate a student's work.

Validity refers to the degree to which an assessment instrument measures what it is

intended to measure. Reliability is the consistency or stability of measurement. Bloom's

Taxonomy is a hierarchical framework that classifies educational objectives into six

levels. Learning outcomes describe the knowledge, skills, and abilities that learners are

expected to demonstrate after completing a course or educational program.

3. Assessment plays a crucial role in various fields, including education, healthcare,

psychology, human resources, government and policy, market research, sports and

athletics, language proficiency, criminal justice, environmental sciences, and finance and

economics. Formative assessments in classrooms monitor student learning, while

summative assessments evaluate overall performance. Standardized testing is used by

educational institutions and policymakers to compare student performance. In healthcare,

assessments measure clinical skills, patient care, and medical knowledge. Psychologists

use assessments to measure cognitive abilities, personality traits, and emotional well-

being. Human resources use assessments for employee recruitment, training, and
development, while corporations use them for training needs assessment. Governments

use assessments to evaluate educational policies, while companies use them for product

testing and consumer preferences. In sports and athletics, athletes' abilities are evaluated,

and language proficiency tests like TOEFL and IELTS are used. Assessments are

essential for informed decision-making, improvement, and accountability across various

disciplines.