“A STUDY ON POSSIBLE AUTOMATIONS IN ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SYSTEM WITH REFERENCE TO C. H. HARIHARAN & CO”

By

SUDHARSHANA. V

(Reg. No. 31081819631058)

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to the

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI

CHENNAI 600 025

May 2021

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 JEPPIAAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
JEPPIAAR NAGAR, RAJIV GANDHI ROAD,

CHENNAI - 600119.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “A Study on possible automations in

accounting and management information system with reference to
C. H. Hariharan & CO, Chennai” is the bonafide work of Ms. SUDHARSHANA. V,
Registration Number: 31081819631058 who carried out the research under my
supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported
herein does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of
which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other
candidate.

SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR SIGNATURE OF HOD

SUBMITTED TO PROJECT VIVA VOCE HELD ON ……………….

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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03
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled “A Study on possible automations in

accounting and management information system with reference to
C. H. Hariharan & CO, Chennai” submitted for the M.B.A. Degree is my original
work and the dissertation has not formed the basis for the award of any degree,
associate ship, fellowship or any other similar titles.

Place:

Date:

Signature of the Student

(SUDHARSHANA. V)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With the blessings of our Founder Chairman (Late) Col.Dr. Jeppiaar M.A; B.L.;
Ph.D., this project work is done, as a part of the curriculum of MBA, affiliated to Anna
University.

We are very much indebted to the Chairman and Managing Director Dr. M. Regeena
Jeppiaar, B. Tech, M.B.A., Ph.D., and the Principal Dr. V. Natarajan, M.E.,
M.Phil., Ph.D., and Dr. N. Padmavathy, M.B.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., Head of the
department-MBA.

I would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to our guide Dr. N. Padmavathy,
M.B.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., for giving valuable suggestions for making this project a grand
success.

I take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to our external guide
Mr. C.S Hariharan (C.A) and Mr. SARAVANAN (C.A) for giving us the
opportunity to do this project under her esteemed guidance.

I also thank the teaching and non-teaching staff members of the Department of
Management of Studies for their constant support.

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 ABSTRACT

Management information Systems (MIS), sometimes referred to as Information

Management and Systems, are the discipline covering the application of people,
technologies, and procedures — collectively called information systems — to solving
business problems. Management Information Systems are distinct from regular
information systems in that they are used to analyse other information systems applied
in operational activities in the organization.
Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information
management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e.g.
Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information systems. The
terms MIS and information system are often confused. Information systems include
systems that are not intended for decision making. MIS is sometimes referred to, in are
restrictive sense, as information technology management. That area of study should not
be confused with computer science. IT service management is a practitioner-focused
discipline. MIS has also some differences with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as
ERP incorporates elements that are not necessarily focused on decision support.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO: TITLE PAGE NO:

1 INTRODUCTION 10
1.1 INTRODUCTION – BRIEF STUDY 10
1.2 COMPANY PROFILE 11
1.3 PRODUCT PROFILE 11
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 13
1.5 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 13
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 13
2 CONCEPTUAL AND THEORATICAL 15
BACKGROUND
2.1 STUDY OF CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND 15
2.2 FUNCTIONS OF ACCOUTING AUTOMATION 15
2.3 NEED OF ACCOUNTING AUTOMATION 16
2.4 THE CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT 16
INFORMATION SYSTEM
2.5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 17
3 RESEARCH METHOD 18
3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18
3.2 NEED OF THE STUDY 18
3.3 RESEARCH PROBLEM 18
3.4 SOURCES OF DATA 18
3.5 RESEARCH DESIGN 19
3.6 SAMPLING DESIGN 19
3.7 SAMPLING USED 19
3.8 AREA OF THE SURVEY 19
3.9 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES 19
4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 20
4.1 DATA ANALYSIS 20
4.2 STATISTICAL TOOLS AND INTERPRETATION 42
5 FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS 46
5.1 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY 46
5.2 SUGGESTIONS 47
5.3 CONCLUSION 48
6 APPENDIX 49
6.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 49
6.2 QUESTIONNAIRE 50

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 LIST OF TABLES

S NO: CONTENTS PAGE NO:

4.1.1 AGE (YEARS) 20

4.1.2 GENDER 21
4.1.3 DECISION MAKING AND CONTROL 22
4.1.4 ORANIZATION HAVE A SEPARATE 23
DEPARTMENT OF CAS
4.1.5 ORGANIZATION USE CAS IN THE AREA 24
4.1.6 BRANCH OF ACCOUNTING APPLIED FOR CA 25
4.1.7 THE PERIODICITY OF REPORT GENERATION 26
4.1.8 CAS (ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE) FOR 27
EXTERNAL REPORT.
4.1.9 CAS FOR INTERNAL DECISION MAKING & 28
CONTROL PURPOSE
4.1.10 DECISION MADE WITH THE HELP OF CAS 29
4.1.11 SECURITY & QUALITY 30
4.1.12 MAINTAINING OF ACCOUNT 31
4.1.13 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT 32
4.1.14 MARKETING AND SALES DEPARTMENT 33
4.1.15 AGE VS CAS COST MAINTAINING, 34
DUPLICATES OF EFFECTS, SAVE TIME,
EFFETIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY, TASK
EASILY MORE QUICKLY
4.1.16 GENDER VS CAIS ELIMINATES THE DATA, 36
EFFIECTIVELY IMPLEMENTED, STRONG
INTERNAL AUDIT, MANAGEMENT SUPPORT,
FIXED ASSETS
4.1.17 GENDER VS CAIS THE ENTERPRISES RULES & 38
REGULATIONS, SERVICES PROVIDED, EASY
UNDERSTANDABLE, ACCOUNTING DUTIES,
DIFFERENT FILE FORMAT
4.1.18 GENDER VS CAIS SUPPORT TO CHANGING 40
ENVIROMENT, THE REAL TIME STATE OF THE
ENTERPRISE’S, PASSWORD PROTECTION

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 LIST OF CHARTS

S NO: CONTENTS PAGE NO:

4.1.1 AGE (YEARS) 20

4.1.2 GENDER 21
4.1.3 DECISION MAKING AND CONTROL 22
4.1.4 ORANIZATION HAVE A SEPARATE 23
DEPARTMENT OF CAS
4.1.5 ORGANIZATION USE CAS IN THE AREA 24
4.1.6 BRANCH OF ACCOUNTING APPLIED FOR CA 25
4.1.7 THE PERIODICITY OF REPORT GENERATION 26
4.1.8 CAS (ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE) FOR 27
EXTERNAL REPORT.
4.1.9 CAS FOR INTERNAL DECISION MAKING & 28
CONTROL PURPOSE
4.1.10 DECISION MADE WITH THE HELP OF CAS 29
4.1.11 SECURITY & QUALITY 30
4.1.12 MAINTAINING OF ACCOUNT 31
4.1.13 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT 32
4.1.14 MARKETING AND SALES DEPARTMENT 33
4.1.15 AGE VS CAS COST MAINTAINING, 34
DUPLICATES OF EFFECTS, SAVE TIME,
EFFETIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY, TASK
EASILY MORE QUICKLY
4.1.16 GENDER VS CAIS ELIMINATES THE DATA, 36
EFFIECTIVELY IMPLEMENTED, STRONG
INTERNAL AUDIT, MANAGEMENT SUPPORT,
FIXED ASSETS
4.1.17 GENDER VS CAIS THE ENTERPRISES RULES & 38
REGULATIONS, SERVICES PROVIDED, EASY
UNDERSTANDABLE, ACCOUNTING DUTIES,
DIFFERENT FILE FORMAT
4.1.18 GENDER VS CAIS SUPPORT TO CHANGING 40
ENVIROMENT, THE REAL TIME STATE OF THE
ENTERPRISE’S, PASSWORD PROTECTION

09
 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION – BRIEF STUDY

An information system – is any combination of information technology and people’s activities that
support operation, management and decision making. In a very broad sense, the term information
system is frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, processes, data and technology. In
this sense, the term is used to refer not only to the information and communication technology (ICT)
that an organization uses, but also to the way in which people interact with this technology is support
of business processes. Information system are also different from business processes. Information
system help to control the performance of business processes.
Information system are the primary focus of study for the information system discipline and for
organizational informatics. During the past several decades’ personnel function has been transformed
from a relatively obscure record keeping staff of central and top level management function. There are
many 2 factors that have influenced this transformation like technological advances, professionalism,
and general recognition of human beings as most important resources.
The entire information has maintained in the database or files and whoever want to retrieve can’t
retrieve, only authorization user can retrieve the necessary information which can be easily be
accessible from the file.
Management of data provides information needed to serve as an effective and efficient tool in decision
making in every forward-thinking venture. It is worth noting that of the total number of computers
installed in the world today, over 80% is used in organization for Management Information Systems
(MIS). MIS helps the top management in goal setting, strategic planning and evolving business plans
and their implementation. The MIS plays the major role in information generation, communication,
problem identification and helps in the process of decision-making. It creates an impact on the
organization’s functions, performance and productivity.
The objective of this paper is to study the need for a good financial management information system at
an organizational level, and to develop a system to enable an efficient information retrieval. This also
throws light on the problems faced during the implementation of the same.
The following factors influence greatly on successful development and implementation of such a
system:
1) The users and developers should have a close interaction in discussing the business goals.
2) The managers should interact with the developers at every phase of the development to see if the
system being developed supports business objectives.
3) The users must be really cooperative in discussing their needs.
4) Degree of reliability of database of an organization.
MIS can at times be a failure, when there is diverse software used in the organization to store the data,
when integrating isn’t possible. MIS aids only formal decisions that can be codified in the form of
systems and procedures. Care must be exercised to note that some decision situations may have far
reaching consequences and yet be out of the reach of MIS. This includes innovative and intuitive
decisions, emotional and personal decisions that may not lend themselves to formal framework of
analysis.
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1.2. COMPANY PROFILE

C.S. HARIHARAN & CO is a leading chartered accountancy firm in Chennai. The Firm partly owned
by 2 chartered accountants namely Mr. C.S Hari Haran C.A and Mr. Saravanan C.A. The
Organization consists of qualified, semi-qualified chartered accountants, cost accountants, Article
assistant, paid assistant and others, who are technically competent, well trained, vigorously
incentivized and have in-depth cognizance and opulent experience. Professional accounting practice is
the foundation stone of C.S. HARIHARAN & CO. They study the client’s portfolio thoroughly and
assist them in choosing the best possible alternative to optimize his wealth.
The firm represents a combination of specialized skills, which are geared to offers sound financial
advice and personalized proactive services. Those associated with the firm have regular interaction
with industry and professionals which enables the firm to keep pace with contemporary developments
and to meet the needs of its clients.
C.S. HARIHARAN & CO has a clear vision for the future growth and development of financial
markets and services and researches to stay ahead of these trends and developments.
C.S. HARIHARAN & CO moulds its operations and areas of competencies and introduces services so
as to assist clients in their business operations and growth.

1.3 PRODUCT PROFILE

 GOODS AND SERVICES TAX (GST)

GST registration of business is to enable selling of goods with turnover value beyond a certain limit.
Limit may differ from state to state. It is necessary to get GST Input Tax Credit. Experienced CA
firms can ease out the process within reasonable fees.
GST returns to be filed on periodic basis by business to provide information about value of turnover &
total GST liability & mode of payment. Frequency may differ from state to state. Delays will attract
penalty. Experienced CA firms can ensure compliance with reasonable fees.

 Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST)

 Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST)
 State Goods and Services Tax (SGST)
 Import-Export (Customs)

 AUDIT AND ASSURENCE

The firm is gathering information during our auditing process to understand fully the client’s business,
internal controls and risk spectrum then make the audit decisions, and made financial advice to the
client’s experts deliver perfect diagnostic tests. Our methods help our clients achieve their targeted
demand for enhanced accountability. C.S. HARIHARAN & CO do their job closely with the clients,
independently, and encourage open communication

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  Financial statement and other audit & assurance engagements.
 Independent assessment of financial statements.
 Audit of prospective financial information.
 Financial reporting, auditing and accounting standards advice.
 IT system review.
 Checking the genuineness of the expenses booked in accounts.
 Reporting inefficiencies at any operational level.
 Issue of Audit Reports under various laws.
 Certification of the books of account being in agreement with the.
 Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account.
 Ensuring compliance with policies, procedures and statutes.

 TAXATION SERVICES

The C.S. HARIHARAN & CO provides tax services, the firm fully aware that due to technological
advancement, the business atmosphere globally is becoming increasingly charged. As such, tax
management and planning is now taking. However, with our leading edge technology and our
experience in outsourcing and consulting, it will help you resolve your tax management issues. We
have a track record in helping corporate businesses address challenges on their tax operations in the
different areas.

 Filling of Income tax return for individuals, firms/LLP, companies, trust or HUF.
 Tax Planning/Specific advice on taxation.
 Rectification, revision or appeal of income tax orders.
 Other Compliances as per Income Tax Act, etc.,
 Tax Planning & Tax Advice.
 Business Activity Statements for all types of businesses.

 OTHER SERVICES

 PROJECT FINANCING.
 E-VERIFICATION.
 VOUCHING.
 INCOME TAX FILING (SALARIED/BUSINESS).
 LLP REGISTRATION.
 ONE PERSON COMPANY.
 COMPANY REGISTRATION.
 ROC FILING.
 TDS RETURN.
 TALLY AUDITING.

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1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1. Terms of the Audit Engagement.

2. Requirement of Relevant Statute.
3. Pronouncements of the ICAI.
4. Audit should cover the examination of all aspects of an entity relevant to financial statements.
5. Auditor should assess the sufficiency and appropriateness of the information contained in the
accounting records and other source data. For this purpose, auditor should
 Evaluate accounting systems and internal controls.
 Perform necessary tests, enquiries and other verification procedure of accounting transactions
and account balances.
6. To determine whether the information is properly disclosed in the financial statements, audit may
involve
 Comparing the financial statements with the underlying records.
 Considering the judgements used by management in preparing the financial statements.

1.6 OBJETIVE OF THE STUDY

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE

The primary objective is to study about Possible Automations in Accounting and MIS with reference
to C.H. HARIHARAN & CO, that emphasis on reducing human errors and ensuring speed and
accuracy.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE

 Future changes in the methods of accounting Job because of adopting automation.

 This study helps to compare and find the level of difference in accounting automation between
India and other developed foreign countries.
 This study helps us to suggest the automation that accounting process in the country deserves.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The main limitations of CAS are being dependent upon the operating environment they work in. Some
of them are listed as follows:
 Computer hardware needs replacement and software needs to be updated from time to time
with the availability of newer versions.

 To ensure effective and efficient use of computerised system of accounting, newer versions of
hardware and software are to be introduced. These require special training and hence, cost is
incurred to train the staff personnel.

 On account of the introduction of computerised accounting system, the employees feel

insecure that they may lose employment and show less interest in computer related work.

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 When computerised system is introduced, the existing process of accounting and other works
are interrupted. This results in certain changes in the working environment.

 The danger of a system crashing due to some failure in hardware can lead to subsequent
interruption of work. This is more when no back-up is made.

 When there is system failure, an alternative arrangement needs to be made to avoid loss of
work. This consumes some time to bring the regular processes back.

 Unlike human beings, computers do not have the capability to judge or detect unanticipated
errors in the system.

 The danger of viruses and hacking into the system from outside creates a strong need for
security of the system. Similarly, the person who has created the specific programme can
easily defraud by tampering with the original records.

 Extensive use of computers may lead to many health problems such as eye strain, muscular
complaints, back ache, etc. resulting in reducing work efficiency as well as increased medical
expenditure.

 The study's primary concern is with business organizations. No attempt is made to correlate
any of the discussions with the needs and requirements of non-business organizations. In most
cases, if not all, the material presented is equally applicable to other forms of organizations.

 The study does not attempt to present answers to many of the important questions confronting
those concerned with the areas discussed— for example, the role and importance 10 of
automation in information systems, or the type of information system that will best fill the
needs of specific, or even general, types of organizations. These questions are important, but
they are outside the intended scope of the study. Specific recommendations regarding such
things as the design of information systems or courses of instruction in this area also fall
outside the scope of the study. However, the study does attempt to give the reader a better
understanding of# and thus some insight into# the problems that might confront him in these
areas.

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 CHAPTER 2 - CONCEPTUAL AND THEORATICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 STUDY OF CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND

Accounting or accountancy is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial and non-
financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. Accounting, which
has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic
activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors,
management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are called as accountant. The terms
"accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used as synonyms.
Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting, management accounting,
external auditing, tax accounting and cost accounting. Accounting information systems are designed to
support accounting functions and related activities. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an
organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to the external
users of the information, such as investors, regulators and suppliers; and management accounting
focuses on the measurement, analysis and reporting of information for internal use by management.
The recording of financial transactions, so that summaries of the financials may be presented in
financial reports, is known as bookkeeping, of which double-entry bookkeeping is the most common
system.

2.2 FUNCTIONS OF ACCOUNTING AUTOMATION

Accounting automation focuses on the entire accounting lifecycle, not just one part of financial
management. This means that the entire accounting process, the capturing, manipulating, and
interpreting of transactional data, is done by software, with less dependence on manual transactional
entries by people.
Companies are lining up to get their hands on new technologies that will impact their bottom dollar.
C.H. Hariharan & co, a sole proprietorship firm, technology services, and digital transformation,
labelled automating the back office as one of the ‘quick-wins’ to automation. A quick win means it’s
not only easy to implement, but also has a high benefit upside.
Based on a survey of more than 400 business owners of small to mid-sized consulting firms by
Accounted and CPATrendlines, IT budgets are up from 75 percent of those surveyed. These
companies are spending their money on audit and risk support, sales tax, and accounting software
systems.
Accounting is being automated right now. Software like Accounting Seed is leading the way in
delivering accurate, streamlined financial management and access to real-time data to make better
decisions faster. Does this eliminate the human factor? Will accountants be replaced by robots? Not at
all. Automated accounting software simply helps businesses and financial professionals to do their job
more efficiently. Automating repetitive accounting processes gives accountants the freedom to focus
on being the critical advisors that help steer the organization to new heights.

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2.3 NEED OF ACCOUNTING AUTOMATION
Automation is found everywhere, in every production and service sectors. Need of automation is to
Improve speed, accuracy and to reduce time consumption, cost involved and errors. Automation
eliminates the involvement of human interaction in workplace.
So, the dependency on human resources is reduced due to Involved automation. Day by automation
also gets improved technically and makes work even more better. In order to suit with the modern day
requirements automation is highly approached and appreciated. The process of accounting also needs
automation, because accounting is done manually and it takes more time to collect and feed data in the
ledgers. So automation helps accounting process to be simple and errorless. There are so many
software’s being prepared to make accounting automated. Right from scanning the invoices to
preparing performance indicators etc., Sourcing of Data’s from one Area of accounting to other is
made easier through automation. Automation software’s selectively traces data from various platforms
of accounting to perform a specific task marked under time or organisation.
Studying the money spending habits of leading companies in 2019, it’s apparent that the best way to
go about preparing your company for the future is to invest in automation. Automated financial
management is becoming more and more prominent as a way for companies to enhance their strategic
positioning.
Accounting automation helps your business reach new heights through the use of our innovative,
transformative software. Whether it’s the power of our flexible API, the capability of our automated
reporting feature, or the instant access to our cloud-based software, we want our users to realize the
benefits of working with an automated accounting solution.
2.4 THE CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
A management information system (MIS) is a computer system consisting of hardware and software
that serves as the backbone of an organization’s operations. An MIS gathers data from multiple online
systems, analyses the information, and reports data to aid in management decision-making.
MIS is also the study of how such systems work.
The goal of an MIS is to be able to correlate multiple data points in order to strategize ways to
improve operations. For example, being able to compare sales this month to sales a year ago by
looking at staffing levels may point to ways to boost revenue. Or being able to compare marketing
expenditures by geographic location and link them to sales can also improve decision-making. But the
only way this level of analysis is possible is due to data that is compiled through an MIS.
Running reports that pull together disparate data points is an MIS’ key contribution. That feature,
however, comes with a significant cost. MIS implementation is an expensive investment that includes
the hardware and software purchases, as well as the integration with existing systems and training of
all employees.

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2.5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Doost, (1999), in the article he stated that accounting was one of the first functional areas to benefit
from computerization when computers were initially introduced to organizations.
Hotch (1992)19, in his article on accounting financial software he stated that though computerized
accounting systems handle financial data efficiently, they should generate immediate accounting
reports related to the organization.
According to Taragola, et.al., (2001), the willingness to adopt accounting software is positively co
related to a favourable attitude towards accountancy and ‘intrinsic objectives’. He further stated that
adoption of computerization is based on the business size, computer training of the firm manager,
creativity, growth.
Clark, et.al, (1985)9, found that the use of computer- based AIS has become widespread in all
organization including SMEs. According to them the use of IT at that time was limited only to
transactional system. They also suggested that IT knowledge and skills are important for 15
accountants, together with their business skill, for successful implementation of computerization of
accounting in their business entity.
46Mc Mahon (2001)2, found that Growing small and medium enterprises face increased challenges
and consequently there is a greater need for careful attention to financial management and financial
reporting. He pointed out that weaknesses and careless in financial management lead to business
failure. Burgess (1997) 3, in his study of IT adoption by Australian small businesses concluded that
implementing of a CAS in an organization helps to increase efficiency in business and provide timely
information. He also concluded that the main software application package used was accounting.
Report of Yellow pages (1997) 4, on technology in the small business sector of Australia says that
76% of the small businesses surveyed had at least one computer and 75% of these used accounting
software.
Porter and Millar (1985)5, mentioned that with the introduction of information technology and more
user friendly software, computerized accounting system appears to reduce the problem in book
keeping practice. New and rapid financial information, new updates and changes will be available for
others in making decisions. To survive and grow, SMEs need more non- financial information like
customer behaviour, market needs, price changes, besides the fundamental of financial reports.
Changes in information are constant and therefore the use of technology (CAS) is required in small
businesses.

17
 CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a way systematically solves the research problem. It may be considered as a
science of studying how research is being done scientifically.

3.2 NEEDS OF THE STUDY

1. The study of this research have discovered benefits and disadvantages of automation in other
sectors as well as started to shine a light on some of the sub concepts of automation.
2. This study have also focused on accounting divisions within firms and neglected the accounting
firms.
3. Since this field of research is nascent, the purpose of this thesis is to extend the current knowledge
of the potential effects and explain the phenomena of automation in the context of accounting firms
and their consultants.
4. The need for understanding the impacts has both academic value, where we want to encourage more
focus on accounting firms, and practical usefulness, where one can expect many changes in the future
accounting profession and thereof a need for both employers and graduates to be aware of how the
profession may change.
5. While the impacts can have a severe implication on the accounting firm, the accounting consultants
are also affected by the change in tasks and the varying demand of their capabilities. Hence, the aim is
also to extend the knowledge of the accounting consultants’ attitude towards automated accounting,
the effects generated by automation and what they perceive as threats and opportunities. Such
understanding is important to provide since it can impact the adoption of automation.

3.3 RESEARCH PROBLEM

The research problem is to study the Automation in Accounting with reference to C.S. HARIHARAN
& CO
3.4 SOURCES OF DATA

Primary data and secondary data were used to collect the data for this study.
Primary data

The primary data are those, which are collected fresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be
original in character. Primary data was collected in the form of direct contact method with the dealers
through questionnaire.
Secondary data

The secondary data are those which have already been passed through the statistical process.
Secondary data was collected from various books, project books, etc...

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3.5 RESEARCH DESIGN

Descriptive research studies are those studies, which are concerned with describing the characteristics
of a particular individual, or of a group. The Major purpose of descriptive research is description of
the state of affairs, as it exists at present.
3.6 SAMPLING DESIGN

Convenience sampling method is used in this research paper

3.7 SAMPLING USED

This refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute a sample. The sample
size 45 respondents.
 C.S. HARIHARAN & CO
 RR ASSOCIATES
 VK RAMAN & CO
 SARADA ASSOSIATES
 NHPM & ASSOSIATES

3.8 AREA OF THE SURVEY

The area of survey conducted in C.S. HARIHARAN & CO, Chennai

PACKAGE

The software package, which used in this study, is MS Office 2013, SPSS 19.0

3.9 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

 Chi Square
 Anova

 Regression

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 CHAPTER 4 - DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 DATA ANALYSIS

TABLE 4.1.1

AGE (YEARS)

AGE OF THE REPONDENTS

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
20-25 25 55.6 55.6 55.6
26-30 7 15.6 15.6 71.1
31-35 6 13.3 13.3 84.4
36-40 4 8.9 8.9 93.3
41& above 3 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.1

INFERENCE

From the above table it is inferred that 56% of respondents belongs to age group of 20-25, 16% of
respondents belongs to age group 26- 30, 13% of respondents belongs to age group of 31-35, 9% of
respondents belongs to age group 36-40 and 7% of respondents belongs to age group of 41 and above.
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TABLE 4.1.2

GENDER

GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Male 23 51.1 51.1 51.1
Female 22 48.9 48.9 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.2

INFERENCE

From the above table inferred that 51% of respondents are Male, 49% of respondents are Female.

21
TABLE 4.1.3

DECISION MAKING AND CONTROL

Organization recognize Computer Accounting System (CAS) as an important system

for decision-making and control

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Yes 43 95.6 95.6 95.6
No 2 4.4 4.4 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.3

INFERENCE

From the above table inferred that 96% of respondents agree towards Organization recognize
Computer Accounting System (CAS) as an important system for decision-making and control.

22
TABLE 4.1.4

ORANIZATION HAVE A SEPARATE DEPARTMENT OF CAS

Organization have a separate department of CAS

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Yes 20 44.4 44.4 44.4
No 25 55.6 55.6 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.4

INFERENCE

From the above table inferred that 44% of respondents agree towards organization have a separate
department of computerized accounting system.

23
TABLE 4.1.5

ORGANIZATION USE CAS IN THE AREA

Organization use CAS In the area

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Financial 14 31.1 31.1 31.1
reporting to stake
holders
Control 4 8.9 8.9 40.0
Decision making 1 2.2 2.2 42.2
All the above 26 57.8 57.8 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.5

INFERENCE
From the above table inferred that 31% of respondents have experience of Financial reporting to stake
holders, 9% of respondents have experience of Control, 2% of respondents have experience of
Decision Making, and 58% of respondents have experience of All the above.

24
TABLE 4.1.6
BRANCH OF ACCOUNTING APPLIED FOR CA

Branch of accounting applied for CA.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Financial 4 8.9 8.9 8.9
accounting
Financial 4 8.9 8.9 17.8
management
Management 2 4.4 4.4 22.2
Taxation 6 13.3 13.3 35.6
Accounting 29 64.4 64.4 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.6

INFERENCE

From the above table inferred that 9% of respondents applied Financial Accounting, 9% of
respondents applied Financial Management, 4% of respondents applied Management, and 13% of
respondents applied Taxation. 64% of respondents applied Accounting.

25
TABLE 4.1.7
THE PERIODICITY OF REPORT GENERATION

The periodicity of report generation:

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Annually 3 6.7 6.7 6.7
Half yearly 4 8.9 8.9 15.6
Quarterly 5 11.1 11.1 26.7
Monthly 4 8.9 8.9 35.6
Fortnightly 5 11.1 11.1 46.7
Weekly 8 17.8 17.8 64.4
As and when required 5 11.1 11.1 75.6
All of the above 11 24.4 24.4 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.7

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 7% of the respondents generated the report annually, 9% of the
respondents generated the report half yearly, 11% of the respondents generated the report quarterly,
9% of the respondents generated the monthly, 11% of the respondents generated the reports
fortnightly, 18% of the respondents generated the reports weekly, 11% of the respondents generated
the as and when required, 24% of the respondents generated all the above.

26
TABLE 4.1.8
CAS (ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE) FOR EXTERNAL REPORT.

The types of reports generated by the organization with the help of CAS (Accounting Software)
for external reporting.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Balance sheet 9 20.0 20.0 20.0
Profit and loss 7 15.6 15.6 35.6
account
Cash flow statement 10 22.2 22.2 57.8
Statement of changes 9 20.0 20.0 77.8
in financial position
Only trial balance 10 22.2 22.2 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.8

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 20% of the respondents generated report balance sheet, 16% of
the respondents generated the report profit & loss account, 22% of the respondents generated the
report cash flow statements, 20% of the respondents generated the report financial position and 22%
of the respondents generated the report only trial balance.

27
TABLE 4.1.9
CAS FOR INTERNAL DECISION MAKING & CONTROL PURPOSE

The types of reports generated by the organization with the help of CAS for internal decision
making &control purpose
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Ratio analysis 1 2.2 2.2 2.2
Variance analysis 2 4.4 4.4 6.7
Budgetary control 5 11.1 11.1 17.8
Break even analysis 5 11.1 11.1 28.9
Special purpose report 9 20.0 20.0 48.9
Working capital forecast 3 6.7 6.7 55.6
Responsibility accounting 5 11.1 11.1 66.7
Capital budgeting 2 4.4 4.4 71.1
All the above 11 24.4 24.4 95.6
None of the above 2 4.4 4.4 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 2% of the respondents generated Ratio analysis Reports
through CAS, 4% of the respondents generated Variance Analysis report through CAS, 11% of the
respondents generated budgetary control & break even analysis reports through CAS, 20% of the
respondents generated special purpose report through CAS, 7% of the respondents generated working
capital, 11% of the respondents generated Responsibility accounting, 4% of the respondents generated
Capital budgeting, 24% of the respondents generated All the above and 4% of the respondents
generated None of the above through CAS.
28
 TABLE 4.1.10
DECISION MADE WITH THE HELP OF CAS

The types of decision made with the help of CAS.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Financing decision 6 13.3 13.3 13.3
investment decision 5 11.1 11.1 24.4
Capital structure decision 2 4.4 4.4 28.9
Pricing decision 6 13.3 13.3 42.2
Working capital management decision 9 20.0 20.0 62.2
Out sourcing decision 2 4.4 4.4 66.7
shut down decision 1 2.2 2.2 68.9
All the above 13 28.9 28.9 97.8
Other 1 2.2 2.2 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 13% of the respondents reports financial decision, 11% of the
respondents reports investment decision, 4% of the respondents reports capital structure decision, 13%
of the respondents reports pricing decision, 20% of the respondent’s reports working capital
management, 4% of the respondents reports outsourcing decision, 29% of the respondents reports all
the above and 2% of the respondents reports others.
29
TABLE 4.1.11
SECURITY & QUALITY

Type of internal control measure adopted to ensure security & quality

of accounting information
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Information 13 28.9 28.9 28.9
system
control
Information 8 17.8 17.8 46.7
system audit
Both of them 24 53.3 53.3 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.11

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 29% of the respondents have adopted Information system
control to ensure security & quality of accounting information, 18% of the respondents have adopted
Information system audit to ensure security & quality of accounting information and 53% of the
respondents have adopted both of them to ensure security & quality of accounting information.

30
TABLE 4.1.12

MAINTAINING OF ACCOUNT

Keeping and maintaining of accounts as per accounting system

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Yes 38 84.4 84.4 84.4
To some extent 2 4.4 4.4 88.9
No 5 11.1 11.1 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.12

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 84% of the respondents uses the Maintaining of accounts as per
accounting system, 4% of the respondents uses Maintaining of accounts as per accounting system to
some extent and 11% of the respondents does not uses the Maintaining of accounts as per accounting
system.

31
TABLE 4.1.13
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Production department computerized

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Yes 35 77.8 77.8 77.8
No 10 22.2 22.2 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.13

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 79% of the respondent’s production department is
computerized and 22% of the respondent’s production department is not computerized.

32
TABLE 4.1.14
MARKETING AND SALES DEPARTMENT

Marketing and sales department computerized

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Yes 33 73.3 73.3 73.3
No 12 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 45 100.0 100.0

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.14

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 73% of the respondents Marketing and sales department is
computerized and 27% of the respondents Marketing and sales department is not computerized.

33
 TABLE 4.1.15

AGE VS CAS COST MAINTAINING, DUPLICATES OF EFFECTS, SAVE TIME,

EFFETIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY, TASK EASILY MORE QUICKLY

Report
Mean
AGE OF THE CAS reduces CAS eliminates CAS saves time CAS improves CAIS enabled
REPONDENTS cost of others duplication of effectiveness me to
and maintaining efforts. and efficiency accomplish
of decision tasks easily and
making more quickly
20-25 4.28 4.16 4.32 4.00 4.16
26-30 4.29 3.86 4.29 4.14 4.14
31-35 3.67 4.00 4.17 4.67 4.00
36-40 3.75 4.00 4.25 4.25 4.00
41& above 4.00 4.33 4.33 3.67 4.33
Total 4.13 4.09 4.29 4.11 4.13

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.15

34
INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 20 – 41 above age category of respondents agree towards the
statement computerized accounting system reduces cost of others and maintaining.
The age category 20-41 & above agree towards the statement computerized accounting system
eliminates duplication of efforts.
The age category 20-41 & above agree towards the statement computerized accounting system saves
times.
The age category 20-41 & above agree towards the statement computerized accounting system
improve effectiveness and efficiency of decision-making.
The age category 20-41 & above agree towards the statement computerized accounting system enable
me to accomplish tasks easily and more quickly.

35
 TABLE 4.1.16

GENDER VS CAIS ELIMINATES THE DATA, EFFIECTIVELY IMPLEMENTED,

STRONG INTERNAL AUDIT, MANAGEMENT SUPPORT, FIXED ASSETS

Report
Mean
GENDER OF THE CAIS CAIS effectively There is strong There is Fixed Asset
RESPONDENTS eliminate the implemented in internal audit adequate management
data entering organization management software in
redundancy support the system
Male 4.04 4.00 4.57 4.43 4.13
Female 4.00 4.00 4.05 3.95 3.95
Total 4.02 4.00 4.31 4.20 4.04

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.16

36
INFERENCE

From the above table it is inferred male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the
statement computerized information accounting system eliminates the date entering redundancy.
The age category male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the statement
computerized information accounting system eliminates implemented in organization.
The age category male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the statement there is
adequate management supports.
The age category male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the statement there is
strong internal audit.
The age category male and female agree towards the statement fixed asset management software in
system.

37
TABLE 4.1.17
GENDER VS CAIS THE ENTERPRISES RULES & REGULATIONS, SERVICES
PROVIDED, EASY UNDERSTANDABLE, ACCOUNTING DUTIES, DIFFERENT FILE
FORMAT

Report
Mean
GENDER O The CAIS The CAIS of CAIS of It enable to
THE helps to managements EIIDE provide EIIDEs generate report
RESPONDEN manage are satisfied the financial facilitates with different
TS adequately with the and 4 accounting file format
tasks based on services Information on duties and (word, excel,
the Enterprises provided by need in easy follow up PDF, ..)
rules and the staff and
regulations understandable
way
Male 4.04 4.17 4.13 4.26 4.35
Female 4.09 4.18 3.82 3.91 4.18
Total 4.07 4.18 3.98 4.09 4.27

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.17

38
INFERENCE

From the above table it is inferred male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the
statement the computerized information accounting system helps to manage adequately tasks based on
the enterprises rules and regulations.
The age category male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the statement the
management are satisfied with the services provided by the staff.
The age category male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the statement
computerized information accounting system of provide the financial and information on need in easy
and understandable way.
The age category male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the statement
computerized accounting information system of facilities accounting duties and follow up.
The age category male and female agree towards the statement it enable to generate reports with
different file formats (word, excel, pdf …).

39
TABLE 4.1.18

GENDER VS CAIS SUPPORT TO CHANGING ENVIROMENT, THE REAL TIME STATE

OF THE ENTERPRISE’S, PASSWORD PROTECTION

Report
Mean
GENDER O THE CAIS supports It provide ability to see There is a password
RESPONDENTS flexibility to the the real-time state of the protection or general
changing environment to enterprise's financial system protection
manage high transaction position
of the enterprise
Male 4.09 4.17 4.30
Female 3.95 3.95 4.05
Total 4.02 4.07 4.18

Sources of primary data.

CHART 4.1.18

40
INFERENCE

From the above table it is inferred male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the
statement the computerized information accounting system supports flexibility to the changing
environment to manage high transaction of the enterprise.
The age category male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the statement it
provide ability to see the real-time state of the enterprises financial position.
The age category male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the statement there is
a password protection or general system protection.

41
4.2 STATISTICAL TOOLS AND INTERPRETATION.

 CHI SQUARE

Aim: To set the significant difference between Production department with Marketing and sales
department.

H0: There is no significant difference between Production department with Marketing and sales
department.

H1: There is significant difference between Production department with Marketing and sales
department.

Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1-
(2-sided) sided) sided)
Pearson Chi- .292 1 .589
Square
Continuity .018 1 .893
Correction
Likelihood .305 1 .580
Ratio
Fisher's Exact .705 .461
Test
Linear-by- .286 1 .593
Linear
Association
N of Valid 45
Cases

RESULT

Calculated significant value: 0.589

Significant level: 0.05
Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted

INTERPRETATION

The significant level is more than the calculated significant value so we accept H0.
Hence it is concluded that there is no significant difference between Production department and
production and sales department.

42
  ANOVA
Aim: To find whether the mean score of Easy and computerized information accounting system of
EIIDEs facilitates accounting duties and follow up and It provide ability to see the real-time state of
the enterprise's financial position.

H0: The mean score of Easy and Understandable way with facilitates accounting duties, high
transaction, file format, real time are equal.

H1: The mean score of Easy and Understandable way with facilitates accounting duties, high
transaction, file format, real time are not equal.

Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error
Square of the
Estimate
1 .733 .537 .491 .579

ANOVA
Model Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Regression 15.571 4 3.893 11.614 .000
Residual 13.407 40 .335
Total 28.978 44

RESULT:

The calculated significant value 0.000 is less than significant value 0.05 so we are not accepting null
hypothesis hence the mean score of Easy and Understandable way with facilitates accounting duties,
high transaction, file format, real time are not equal.

INTERPRETATION:

R value is 0.733 which means that good relationship exists between Easy and Understandable way and
facilitates accounting duties, high transaction, file format, real time.

Adjusted R square value 0.491 which means 49.1% of variation between Easy and Understandable
way and facilitates accounting duties, high transaction, file format, real time

43
  REGRESSION

Aim: To find whether the mean score of effectiveness and efficiency with computerized information
accounting system enabled me to accomplish tasks easily and more quickly, computerized information
accounting system eliminate the data entering redundancy and computerized information accounting
system effectively implemented in organization.

H0: The mean score of effectiveness and efficiency with easily and quickly, data redundancy,
implemented effectively are equal.
H1: The mean score of effectiveness and efficiency with easily and quickly, data redundancy,
implemented effectively are not equal.
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .645 .416 .374 .658

ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Regression 12.674 3 4.225 9.747 .000
Residual 17.770 41 .433
Total 30.444 44

Coefficients
Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) .900 .611 1.473 .148
CAIS enabled me .245 .164 .232 1.495 .143
to accomplish
tasks easily and
more quickly
CAIS eliminate .303 .166 .275 1.824 .075
the data entering
redundancy
CAIS effectively .244 .131 .273 1.871 .069
implemented in
organization

Residuals Statistics
Minimum Maximum Mean Std. N
Deviation
Predicted 2.24 4.86 4.11 .537 45
Value
Residual -1.561 1.232 .000 .636 45
Std. Predicted -3.483 1.404 .000 1.000 45
Value
Std. Residual -2.371 1.871 .000 .965 45

44
RESULT:

The calculated significant value 0.000 is more than significant value 0.05 so we are not accepting null
hypothesis hence the mean score of effectiveness and efficiency with easily and quickly, data
redundancy, implemented effectively are not equal.

INTERPRETATION:

R value is 0.645 which means that moderate relationship exists between effectiveness and efficiency
and easily and quickly, data redundancy, implemented effectively.

Adjusted R square value 0.374 which means 3.74% of variation between effectiveness and efficiency
and easily and quickly, data redundancy, implemented effectively.

45
 CHAPTER 5 - FINDINGS & SUGGESTIONS

5.1 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

 56% of respondents belongs to age group of 20-25, 16% of respondents belongs to age group
26-30, 13% of respondents belongs to age group of 31-35, 9% of respondents belongs to age
group 36-40 and 7% of respondents belongs to age group of 41 and above
 51% of respondents are Male, 49% of respondents are Female.
 96% of respondents agree towards Organization recognize Computer Accounting System
(CAS) as an important system for decision-making and control.
 44% of respondents agree towards organization have a separate department of computerized
accounting system
 31% of respondents have experience of Financial reporting to stake holders, 9% of respondents
have experience of Control, 2% of respondents have experience of Decision Making, and 58%
of respondents have experience of All the above.
 9% of respondents applied Financial Accounting, 9% of respondents applied Financial
Management, 4% of respondents applied Management, and 13% of respondents applied
Taxation. 64% of respondents applied Accounting.

 24% of the respondent’s Age of Computerized Accounting System is more than 10years, 27%
of the respondent’s CAS is Between 2 to 5years, 36% of the respondent’s CAS is Between 5 to
10years and 13% of the respondent’s CAS is less than 2years.
 27% of the respondents had faced no resistance from their employees in computerization of
CAS, 44% of the respondents had faced moderate resistance from their employees in
computerization of CAS and 29% of the respondents had faced stiff resistance from their
employees in computerization of CAS

 84% of the respondents uses the Maintaining of accounts as per accounting system, 4% of the
respondents uses Maintaining of accounts as per accounting system to some extent and 11% of
the respondents does not uses the Maintaining of accounts as per accounting system.
 51% of the respondents uses the Double entry system fully, 36% of the respondents uses the
double entry system to some extent and 13% of the respondents does not uses the Double entry
system.
 78% of the respondents uses the English language, 11% of the respondents uses the English
language to some extent only and 11% of the respondents does not uses the English language.

 Male and Female gender category of respondents agree towards the statement computerized
information accounting system eliminates the date entering redundancy. The age category male
and female gender category of respondents agree towards the statement computerized information
accounting system eliminates implemented in organization. The age category male and female
gender category of respondents agree towards the statement there is adequate management
supports. The age category male and female gender category of respondents agree towards the
statement there is strong internal audit. The age category male and female agree towards the
statement fixed asset management software in system

46
5.2 SUGGESTIONS

 Usage of various kinds of software related to accounting can be practiced and followed.
 Percentage of fully automated accounting section of any company seems to be rare. So, every
company must make the accounting section to be fully automated.
 Security is the foremost area that should be focused, as companies are becoming fully
automated nowadays. Usage of popular and high performing security software’s must be
installed to ensure the mistheft of the accounting related data of a company.
 Employees must be given with adequate training to use the automated accounting system that
should be hassle free to them.
 Automation of accounting will exclude the employees from the job. But the companies can
retain them by a percent to check the performance of the automation with enough training.

47
5.3 CONCLUSION
The research concludes that, the world is rapidly developing day by day because of the technology
being refined and improved continuously, all the business field must adopt that technology to stay
updated. Accounting is the foremost important thing for every concern. So, Accounting should be
automated to make the work and life easier than earlier. This study has undergone to examine the
practical possibilities and limitations in automating the accounting area. There are many advantages
that can be enjoyed if accounting being automated. Now accounting is mostly automated in large firms
and even small firms too should adopt automation in accounting. Every employee must be given
adequate training towards the automation in their concern. If all the other departments in addition to
Accounting is automated, then the departments can be easily synced to make better decisions easier.

48
 CHAPTER 6 - APPENDIX

6.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY:

 Carlozo, L. (2017). What is block chain? Journal of Accountancy, 224 (1), p. 1-2.

 Dai, J., & Vasarhelyi, M.A. (2017). Toward block chain-based accounting and assurance.
Journal of Information Systems, 31 (3), 5-21.
 Edmondson, A.C., & McManus, S.E. (2007). Methodological Fit in Management Field
Research. The Academy of Management Review, 32 (4), 1155-1179
 Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. The
Qualitative Report, 8 (4), 597-606.
 Morgan, D.L. (2007). Paradigms Lost and Pragmatism Regained: Methodological Implications
of Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1
(1), 48-76
 Lee, I., & Lee, K. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and
challenges for enterprises. Business Horizons, 58 (4), 431-440.
 Altman, M. (2000). A behavioural model of path dependency: the economics of profitable
inefficiency and market failure. Journal of Socio-Economics, 29 (2), 127-145.
 Assink, M. (2006). Inhibitors of disruptive innovation capability: a conceptual model.
European Journal of Innovation Management, 9 (2), 215-233.

49
6.2 QUESTIONNAIRE:

AUTOMATION IN ACCOUNTING AND MIS WITH REFERENCE MR. HARIHARAN,

CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT.

I am SUDHARSHANA. V final year MBA student of Jeppiaar Engineering college conducting a

survey on “AUTOMATION IN ACCOUNTING AND MIS”. I would be grateful if you kindly
spare sometime to answer my questions, this information will be used only for academic purpose and
Would be kept confidential.

PERSONAL PROFILE

A. AGE:
B. GENDER:
C. EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION:
D. DESIGNATION:
E. EXPERIENCE:
F. INCOME:
G. MARITAL STATUS:

A. GENERAL

1. Does your organization recognize Computer Accounting System (CAS) as an important system for
decision-making and control?
 Yes
 No

2. Does your organization have a separate department of CAS?

 Yes
 No, Accounts dept. serves the purpose

3. In which area does your organization use CAS?

 Financial reporting to stakeholders
 Decision making
 Control
 All of the above

4. In which branch of accounting do you apply CAS?

 Financial Accounting
 Financial Management
 Management
 Taxation
 Accounting
 All of the above

50
B. GENERATION OF REPORTS

5. Mention the important software that are used by you:

 Visma Admin – Account ERP solution in Sweden Language
 Visma Bookslut – Annual year closing Software in Swedish language
 Turbo FTP – Interface to load Invoice from shared Server to Bill box Application
 Dina Fastighter – Accounts receivable software that maintain and track customer details,
invoices and outstanding accounts
 Bill Box – Interface application that uses optical character recognition (OCR) to rend invoices
loaded via Turbo FTP and enable automated classification
 Tally ERP package
 Others please specify _____________________

6. Please mention the age of your computerized accounting system?

 More than 10 years
 Between 5 to 10 years
 Between 2 to 5 years
 Less than 2 years

7. What type of resistance you had faced from your employees in computerization of CAS?
 No Resistance
 Moderate resistance
 Stiff resistance

8. Please mention the periodicity of report generation:

 Annually
 Half yearly
 Quarterly
 Monthly
 Fortnightly
 Weekly
 Daily
 As and when required
 All of the above

51
9. Please mention the types of reports generated by your organization with the help of CAS
(Accounting Software) for external reporting.
 Balance Sheet
 Profit & Loss Account
 Cash Flow Statement
 Statement of Changes in Financial Position
 Only Trial Balance. Other reports are prepared through spreadsheet etc.

10. Please mention the types of reports generated by your organization with the help of CAS
for internal decision making & control purpose.
 Ratio Analysis for Performance
 Variance Analysis
 Budgetary Control
 Break-even Analysis
 Working Capital Forecast
 Responsibility Accounting

 Capital Budgeting
 Special Purpose Report (pl. mention name)
 All of the above
 None of the above

C. DECISION MAKING

11. Please mention the types of decision made with the help of CAS.
 Financing Decision
 Investment decision
 Dividend decision
 Capital Structure decision
 Pricing decision
 Working Capital Management decision
 Outsourcing decision
 Shutdown decision
 Others (please specify)
 All of the above
 None of the above

52
D. CONTROL

12. What types of control reports are generated through CAS?

 Budgetary control report
 Variance Analysis report
 Responsibility Accounting Report
 Others - please specify.

E. MISCELLENEOUS

13. What type of internal control measure you have adopted to ensure security & quality of
accounting information?
 Information system control
 Information system audit
 Both of them

14. Rank the following four qualitative characteristics of information.

FACTORS RANK
Understandability
Relevance
Reliability
Comparability

15. Do you think that cost of implementing CAS exceeds the benefit you derive?
 Yes
 No

16. Do you think that CAS provides competitive advantage to your concern?
 Yes
 No

17. Whether your organization educates your employees about the benefit of CAS?
 Yes
 No

53
G. WHAT IS YOUR OPINION ABOUT FOLLOWING IN RELATION TO ACCOUNTING
SYSTEM? TICK

S.NO FACTOR YES TO SOME EXTENT NO

23 Keeping and maintaining of
accounts as per accounting
system
24 Double entry system used
25 English language used
26 Professional qualified
accountants appointed
27 Audit conducted regularly

H. PERCEPTION TOWARDS COMPUTERISED ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.

S.NO General perception on CAS – statements YES NO

28 Are you aware of CAS process?
29 Does account and finance department computerize?
30 Does Production department computerize?
31 Does marketing and sales department computerized?
32 Does administration and planning department
computerize?
33 Does government help useful in computerized accounting
system?

54