PROPER PUBLIC

TRANSPORTATION
TERMINAL
FOR
VEHICULAR MOVEMNET
CIRCULATION PROBLEMS

BY: TOFIK SANI

3654/14

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. TRANSPORTATION STATIONS AND TERMINALS _ _ _ _ _ _

3

2. ENHANCING EFFICIENCY AND CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE AT URBAN

TRANSPORTATION TERMINALS (CASE STUDY)_ ________
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3. Existing site analysis__ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13
4. Program development_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10

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TRANSPORTATION STATIONS AND TERMINALS
A transportation terminal, or terminus, is the point
where a transportation route starts or ends, where
vehicles stop, turn or reverse, and wait before
departing on their return journeys. It’s also where
passengers board and alight from vehicles. It also
often provides a convenient point where services
can be controlled from.
The size and nature of a terminal may vary, from a
roadside transportation stop with no facilities for
passengers or transportation crews, to a purpose
built off-road transportation station offering a wide
range of facilities.
If the number of vehicles arriving and departing is
low, a roadside transportation stop, with no facilities,
will normally be adequate. With a large number of
vehicles arriving and departing, it may be necessary
to provide off-road transportation station facilities for
the convenience of passengers and to reduce traffic
congestion.
Historical Context: The concept of transportation
terminals dates back to ancient times when cities
developed around major trade routes, harbors, and
crossroads. Market squares and ports served as
early forms of terminals, facilitating the exchange of

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goods and connecting distant regions. With the
advent of railways, canals, and later automobiles,
the need for organized hubs to facilitate the transfer
of passengers and goods became increasingly
evident. Rail stations, bus depots, and ports
emerged as key terminals, accommodating the
growing demand for transportation.
The rise of urbanization and population growth in the
19th and 20th centuries further underscored the
importance of transportation terminals. As cities
expanded, terminals became vital nodes in the
urban landscape, linking residential areas, business
districts, and industrial zones
The 20th century witnessed significant technological
innovations in transportation, such as electrification,
automation, and air travel. These advancements led
to the development of modern transportation
terminals equipped with amenities like ticketing
systems, waiting areas, and baggage handling
facilities
Integration of Modes: With the increasing integration
of different transportation modes, multimodal
terminals emerged to streamline connections
between trains, buses, airplanes, and other modes
of transport. These intermodal hubs promote

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seamless transfers and offer passengers greater
convenience and flexibility.
Urban Planning and Architecture: Transportation
terminals have influenced urban planning and
architectural design, shaping the layout and
aesthetics of cities. Iconic terminals like Grand
Central Terminal in New York City and King's Cross
Station in London showcase architectural grandeur
and serve as landmarks in their respective cities.
Transportation terminals play a crucial role in driving
economic activity by facilitating trade, tourism, and
commerce. They serve as gateways to regions,
attracting investment, businesses, and tourists, and
stimulating local economies. In recent years, there
has been a growing emphasis on sustainability and
environmental conservation in transportation
planning. Terminals are adapting to incorporate eco-
friendly features such as energy-efficient lighting,
green spaces, and alternative transportation options
like cycling and electric vehicles.
The digital revolution has transformed the way
transportation terminals operate, with the
introduction of online booking systems, real-time
passenger information, and mobile apps. These
digital tools enhance the passenger experience and
optimize terminal operations.
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Stations and terminals are important elements
Transportation stations and terminals are a
significant element in the operation of transportation
services. Their design and location affect the
efficiency of a transport system, and its impact on
other road users. Some stations are regarded more
as landmarks than as utilities, and as such are often
of prestigious rather than practical design, which
may detract seriously from their efficiency.
Terminals versus stations
Although the terms transportation terminal and
transportation station tend to be used
synonymously, the latter is normally more correct
since in most cases there are some routes which
pass through the station without terminating there.
The term transportation station is normally used to
refer to an off-road location with at least basic
facilities for passengers, while a terminal may be a
fully equipped transportation station but might
equally be merely a point in the road.
In many cities the majority of passengers start and
end their journeys at transportation stations, and a
significant proportion of operators’ revenue may be
collected at these points.

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Local transportation services in many towns and
cities are centered on transportation stations. Often
there are large stations in the central area, with
smaller ones at the outer ends of the routes
Simple terminal points do the job
It would be both uneconomic and unnecessary to
construct large complex terminal facilities at all of
these points. In the majority of cases all that is
required is the facility for vehicles to turn, without
obstructing or endangering other traffic, and
sufficient space at the curb or alongside the road for
a reasonable number of vehicles to stand between
journeys.
Efficient routing minimizes the need for
terminals
Efficient routing can minimize the number of routes
which must terminate in transportation central areas,
while efficient scheduling and regulation of
departures can minimize vehicle waiting times.
Provided there is no excess capacity in the system,
no more than two or three vehicles on any one route
need be waiting at the central terminal point at any
time, so that disruption to traffic can be minimized.

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Central area terminals can create congestion
In many cities there are one or more terminal
transportation stations in the central area. If there is
a single central transportation terminal, this is
convenient for passengers interchanging between
routes. However, if there are very many
transportation movements a single terminal may be
impractical, requiring a very large area of land, and
creating congestion both within the station itself and
on surrounding streets. In large cities, there are
often several terminals, usually located around the
periphery of the central area.
Operating from suburb to suburb can decrease
congestion
The congestion caused by transportations
terminating in central areas can be alleviated by
linking transportation routes so that the majority
operate across the city from one outer suburb to
another, stopping in the central area for no longer
than is necessary to set down and pick up
passengers. All terminal points will be outside the
central area. This means less disruption is caused to
other traffic and there is likely to be more space for
transportations to stand for long periods, as may be
necessary at off-peak times.

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A potential disadvantage is irregularity of services,
caused by eliminating the opportunity to compensate
for traffic delays by adjusting layover times at central
terminal points. Although such delays may be
reduced through minimizing transportation-induced
congestion.
In conclusion, transportation terminals stand as
pivotal nodes in the intricate web of modern mobility,
weaving together the threads of history, technology,
and human connectivity. From ancient market
squares to futuristic intermodal hubs, these
terminals have evolved alongside the changing
landscape of transportation, shaping the way we
move, live, and interact with our surroundings.
At their core, transportation terminals serve as more
than mere waypoints on a map; they are vibrant
hubs of activity, pulsating with the energy of
countless journeys undertaken each day. Within
their walls, stories unfold, dreams take flight, and the
essence of human experience is distilled into fleeting
moments of connection and movement.
ENHANCING EFFICIENCY AND CUSTOMER
EXPERIENCE AT URBAN TRANSPORTATION
TERMINALS (CASE STUDY)

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Urban transportation terminals play a vital role in
facilitating the movement of people and goods within
cities. They serve as hubs where different modes of
transportation converge, including buses, trains,
subways, and sometimes even air travel. This case
study examines the challenges faced by a major
urban transportation terminal and how innovative
solutions were implemented to enhance efficiency
and improve the overall customer experience.
Background:
The XYZ Transportation Terminal, located in the
heart of a bustling metropolis, serves as a crucial
nexus for commuters and travelers alike. With
thousands of daily passengers passing through its
gates, the terminal faced numerous challenges,
including congestion, delays, and customer
dissatisfaction Challenges:
The terminal experienced heavy congestion during
peak hours, leading to delays and overcrowding and
Passengers often struggled to find accurate
information about routes, schedules, and ticketing
options, leading to confusion and frustration. The
sheer volume of passengers, combined with
inadequate infrastructure, raised safety concerns,
particularly during peak periods.

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Long wait times, lack of amenities, and poor signage
contributed to a subpar customer experience,
affecting the terminal's reputation.
To address these challenges, the management of
XYZ Transportation Terminal implemented a series
of innovative solutions:
Like Digital Signage and Information Kiosks: Digital
signage displays and interactive kiosks were
installed throughout the terminal, providing real-time
updates on schedules, routes, and other relevant
information. Passengers could easily access this
information, reducing confusion and improving the
overall experience.
 Queue Management System: A sophisticated
queue management system was implemented to
streamline the flow of passengers during peak
hours. This system utilized sensors and data
analytics to dynamically allocate resources and
optimize queue lengths, reducing wait times and
congestion.
 Infrastructure Upgrades: The terminal underwent
extensive renovations to improve safety and
accessibility. This included widening platforms,
installing additional escalators and elevators,

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 and enhancing lighting and signage to enhance
passenger safety and comfort.
 Customer Service Training: Terminal staff
received comprehensive training in customer
service and conflict resolution. They were
equipped with the skills and knowledge to assist
passengers effectively, address concerns
promptly, and ensure a positive experience for
everyone.
The implementation of these solutions yielded
significant improvements across various metrics:
 Reduced Congestion: Wait times and
congestion during peak hours decreased by
30%, leading to smoother passenger flow and
improved operational efficiency
 Enhanced Customer Satisfaction: Customer
satisfaction scores increased by 20%, with
passengers praising the terminal's improved
cleanliness, accessibility, and information
provision.
 Improved Safety: Safety incidents decreased by
25%, thanks to the implementation of
infrastructure upgrades and enhanced staff
training.

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  Increased Revenue: The enhanced customer
experience attracted more passengers to the
terminal, leading to a 15% increase in ticket
sales and retail revenue
Conclusion:
By embracing innovation and prioritizing the needs
of its passengers, XYZ Transportation Terminal was
able to overcome its challenges and transform into a
model urban transportation hub. The successful
implementation of digital solutions, infrastructure
upgrades, and customer service initiatives not only
improved efficiency but also enhanced the overall
travel experience for thousands of commuters and
travelers every day.

Existing site analysis

Location of the site

 It’s located along the arterial road that’s coming

from Dessie and goes straight into Bati

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  Infront of the kombolcha city administrative building
and right across the bank of Abyssinia kombolchan
brunch.
Details of the site
 The site is 610-meter square in area
 The site we’re considering is the part of the arterial
road
 Contains the frontage zone, pedestrian zone, and the
furniture zone of the road
Vegetational analysis
 As being the pedestrian zone of the road the site
contains different types of vegetation’s as for
different use, like the phoenix dactylifera for shade
and aesthetic use and the dovyalis caffra(duranta) as
a live fence
Road network analysis
 The site has an arterial road
 A local road
 And includes a pedestrian road along the site
Movement analysis

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  The site encounters a heavy traffic flow and
pedestrian movement
 High pedestrian movement on the entrance of the
admin building and the local road
 And high vehicular movement on the part of the
arterial road which is Infront of the admin building
 Not only moving vehicles even inappropriately
parked vehicles can be witnessed at the site

Program development
Proper public transportational terminal: At the area
we’ve chosen to implement the development, there
is a high vehicular circulation problem not only
because the narrowness of the road but because of
the irregular use of the main road as a public taxi
terminal, and street parking.
So we came up with the idea of developing a proper
and well managed public transportational terminal
for a better use.
Requirements for the development:
Area requirement: the area requirement for a
roadside terminal is influenced by a wide range of
factors, including traffic volume, facilities, passenger
and vehicle needs, safety considerations, land
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availability, and environmental concerns. By
carefully assessing these factors and incorporating
them into the terminal design, planners can create
efficient, functional, and user-friendly terminals that
meet the needs of both travelers and the
surrounding community.
As for our site we got 610-meter square of space
next to the issued site so for the sake of using the
familiarity of the area and for the requirement.
Material use: and for the material we going to use
the same material as the road that’s issued because
were going to connect the road and the development
so were going to use the same material for that.
The outcome:
After the development is finished the terminal will
resolve the circulation problem but also by adding
shades for the customers and the passengers were
going to give them not only a smoother
transportation service, we give them a nice and
refreshing waiting time with more activities included.

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