BUZZING HEALTH: EXPLORING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF WINE-

DERIVED HONEY BEE PRODUCTS

Introduction

Honey bees are vital pollinators in agricultural ecosystems, and their products have long

been recognized for their potential medicinal properties. Meanwhile, the byproducts of wine

production, such as pomace and grape marc, are abundant and often underutilized. Investigating

the therapeutic potential of wine-derived honey bee products presents an intriguing opportunity to

explore the synergy between two natural resources: wine residues and bee-derived substances.

However, despite anecdotal evidence suggesting health benefits, there is a significant gap in

scientific understanding regarding the efficacy, safety, and specific applications of these novel

products. Therefore, the central problem addressed by this research is to systematically evaluate

the therapeutic potential of wine-derived honey bee products, elucidating their biochemical

composition, pharmacological effects, and potential applications in human health and wellness.

The ancient practice of apitherapy, utilizing bee-derived products for medicinal purposes,

has gained renewed interest in recent years due to growing awareness of their potential health

benefits. Honey, propolis, royal jelly, and bee venom have been extensively studied for their

pharmacological properties and therapeutic applications. However, amidst this resurgence, there

lies a largely unexplored frontier in the realm of apitherapy: the potential synergy between wine-

derived residues and honey bee products.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to systematically evaluate the therapeutic potential of wine-derived

honey bee products in Buzzling Health. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the biochemical composition of therapeutic potential of wine-derived honey bee

products?
 2. What are the pharmacological effects of therapeutic potential of wine-derived honey bee

products?

3. What are the potential applications in human health and wellness of therapeutic potential

of wine-derived honey bee products?

Review of Related Literature

Bankova 2015 stated that Wine-derived honey bee products, including propolis, honey,

and royal jelly, have been utilized for their medicinal properties for centuries across different

cultures. Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from plant sources, honey is a natural

sweetener produced by bees from flower nectar, and royal jelly is a secretion produced by worker

bees to feed larvae and queen bees. These products contain a complex mixture of bioactive

compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals,

which contribute to their therapeutic potential.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter will reveal the methods of research to be employed by the

researchers in conducting the study which includes the research design, population of the

study, research instrument and its development establishing its validity and reliability,

data gathering procedures, and the appropriate statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

 Experimental Research

Intervention

 Administer wine-derived honey bee products to the intervention group

according to the specified dosage and frequency.

  Monitor adherence to the intervention protocol through regular follow-ups

and self-reporting.

Participants of the Study

 Inclusion Criteria (10): Participants should be healthy individuals or those

with specific health conditions targeted by the study.

 Exclusion Criteria (10): Exclude individuals allergic to bee products or

those with contraindications to consuming wine.

Sampling Technique

 Randomly selected

Data Gathering Procedure

 The researchers will be followed the ethical standards of the study in data

gathering. The researchers will prepare letter and ask permission to the

participants to administer the survey questionnaire to participants.

 Once the letter is approved, the researchers directly ask permission from

the participants to answer the questionnaires.

 For accurate and reliable responses, the researchers distributed the

questionnaires to each respondent and gave directions for answering the

questionnaires.

 After taking the needed data, the researchers ensured that the data gathered

would be treated with the utmost confidentiality and for the research only.

Statistical Treatment
 Analyze quantitative data using statistical methods such as t-tests,

ANOVA, or regression analysis to compare outcomes between the

intervention and control groups.

 Employ thematic analysis or content analysis for qualitative data to

identify common themes and patterns.

UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL: INVESTIGATING FACTORS AFFECTING BANANA

SEED GERMINATION FOR ENHANCED AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY

Introduction

Bananas (Musa spp.) are one of the most important staple crops globally, providing

essential nutrition and livelihoods to millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions. While

bananas are primarily propagated vegetatively through suckers or tissue culture, exploring seed

germination offers a promising avenue for enhancing agricultural sustainability and genetic

diversity within banana cultivars. Despite the widespread cultivation of bananas, their seeds

remain vastly underutilized due to various challenges associated with germination.

The importance of banana seed germination extends beyond mere curiosity; it holds

significant implications for enhancing crop resilience, promoting genetic diversity, and mitigating

the threats posed by emerging pests, diseases, and climate change. By tapping into the genetic

variability present in banana seeds, we can potentially breed new cultivars with improved traits,

such as disease resistance, yield potential, and nutritional quality, thus bolstering agricultural

sustainability and food security in banana-growing regions worldwide.

However, despite its potential benefits, banana seed germination poses numerous

challenges, including seed dormancy, susceptibility to fungal pathogens, and environmental

sensitivity. Understanding the intricate interplay between genetic factors, environmental cues, and

physiological processes governing banana seed germination is essential for devising effective

strategies to overcome these obstacles. It seeks to address this critical gap in knowledge by

delving into the complex factors influencing banana seed germination. This research endeavors to

shed light on the optimal conditions and physiological processes involved in initiating and

sustaining seed germination in bananas, thereby unlocking their full potential for agricultural

advancement.
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine Factors Affecting Banana Seed Germination for Enhanced

Agricultural Sustainability. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following:

1. How may the Banana Seed Germination be described?

2. What are the factors affecting Banana Seed Germination?

3. What are the practical recommendations and guidelines for farmers, extension workers,

and policymakers to enhance banana seed germination for enhanced agricultural

sustainability?

Review of Related Literature

Adewole et. Al (2017) stated that Bananas are one of the most important and

widely cultivated fruit crops globally. However, their propagation through seeds is

challenging due to low seed viability and germination rates. This review explores the factors

influencing banana seed germination and discusses strategies for enhancing agricultural

sustainability through improved seed germination practices. Key factors such as seed

dormancy, environmental conditions, pre-planting treatments, and genetic variability are

examined, along with their implications for banana production. By elucidating these factors

and proposing potential solutions, this review aims to contribute to the development of

sustainable banana farming practices.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter will reveal the methods of research to be employed by the

researchers in conducting the study which includes the research design, population of the
study, research instrument and its development establishing its validity and reliability,

data gathering procedures, and the appropriate statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

 Experimental Design

Selection of Banana Varieties:

 Choose different banana varieties commonly cultivated in the target

region, considering factors such as yield, resistance to diseases, and

environmental adaptability.

Selection of Factors:

 Identify potential factors affecting banana seed germination, such as soil

composition, temperature, moisture levels, light conditions, seed treatment

methods, and planting depth.

Experimental Setup:

 Establish controlled environments or experimental plots where conditions

can be precisely regulated.

 Use standardized containers or planting beds filled with soil mixtures

representative of banana-growing regions.

Participants of the Study

 Inclusion Criteria (10): Participants should be healthy individuals or those

with specific health conditions targeted by the study.

 Exclusion Criteria (10): Exclude individuals allergic to bee products or

those with contraindications to consuming wine.

Sampling Technique

 Randomly selected

Data Gathering Procedure

 The researchers will be followed the ethical standards of the study in data

gathering. The researchers will prepare letter and ask permission to the

participants to administer the survey questionnaire to participants.

 Once the letter is approved, the researchers directly ask permission from

the participants to answer the questionnaires.

 For accurate and reliable responses, the researchers distributed the

questionnaires to each respondent and gave directions for answering the

questionnaires.

 After taking the needed data, the researchers ensured that the data gathered

would be treated with the utmost confidentiality and for the research only.

Data Collection Methods:

 Germination Monitoring: Regularly monitor and record seed germination rates

and emergence of seedlings.

 Measurement of Environmental Variables: Measure and record temperature,

humidity, light intensity, and soil moisture levels throughout the experiment.

 Seedling Growth Measurements: Track seedling growth parameters such as

shoot height, root length, and leaf number.

Statistical Treatment

 Analyze data using appropriate statistical methods such as ANOVA or regression

analysis to determine the effects of different factors on banana seed germination.

  Conduct post-hoc tests to compare treatment means and identify significant

differences.

LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS OF FORESTER CANDIDATES IN TAKING BOARD

LICENSURE EXAMINATION

Introduction

The journey towards becoming a licensed forester involves rigorous academic

preparation and practical training, culminating in the challenge of the Board Licensure

Examination. This examination serves as a critical milestone, validating the competency and

preparedness of aspiring foresters to undertake the responsibilities inherent in their profession.

However, the level of preparedness among forester candidates for this examination is a

multifaceted subject influenced by various factors, including educational background, training

opportunities, and individual dedication to study.

As stewards of the environment and guardians of our forests, foresters play a crucial

role in sustainable resource management, biodiversity conservation, and environmental

protection. Their work encompasses a diverse array of tasks, from conducting field surveys and

managing forest ecosystems to advising on forest policies and implementing conservation

strategies. Given the complexity and importance of their responsibilities, it is imperative that

foresters possess a comprehensive understanding of forestry principles, practices, and regulations.

The Board Licensure Examination for foresters evaluates candidates across a spectrum

of knowledge domains, including forest ecology, silviculture, forest management planning, forest

policy and governance, and environmental laws and regulations. Success in this examination not

only signifies academic achievement but also reflects the candidate's capacity to apply theoretical

knowledge to real-world scenarios and make informed decisions in dynamic environments.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the level of preparedness of forester candidates in taking

board licensure examination. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following question:

1. How may the respondents be described in terms of:

1.1 Age; and

1.2 Year decided to take?

2. How may the preparation of forester candidates in taking board licensure examination be

described in terms of:

2.1 Personal Aspects;

2.2 Environmental Aspects; and

2.3 Instructional Aspects?

Review of Related Literature

Forester candidates' academic background plays a crucial role in their preparedness for

the licensure examination. This section examines the relevance of academic coursework,

curriculum alignment with examination content, and the quality of education institutions in

shaping candidates' readiness (Smith et al., 2018; Jones & Brown, 2020). The board licensure

examination is a crucial step for forester candidates to enter the profession and contribute

effectively to the forestry sector. The level of preparedness of forester candidates for taking the

licensure examination, considering various factors that may influence their readiness. Factors

such as academic background, practical experience, review resources, and support systems are

examined, along with their implications for examination performance.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter will reveal the methods of research to be employed by the researchers in

conducting the study which includes the research design, population of the study, research

instrument and its development establishing its validity and reliability, data gathering procedures,

and the appropriate statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

 Quantitative Design

Respondents of the Study

 All graduating students of Forestry 2023-2024.

Sampling Technique

 Total Population

Data Gathering Instrument

 Through survey questionnaire and interview guide.

Data Gathering Procedure

 The researchers will be followed the ethical standards of the study in data

gathering. The researchers will prepare letter and ask permission to the

respondents to administer the survey questionnaire .

 Once the letter is approved, the researchers directly ask permission from the

questionnaire to answer the questionnaires.

 For accurate and reliable responses, the researchers distributed the questionnaires

to each respondent and gave directions for answering the questionnaires.

  After taking the needed data, the researchers ensured that the data gathered would

be treated with the utmost confidentiality and for the research only.

Statistical Treatment

 To determine the demographic profile of the respondents, frequency count and percentage

mean will be used.

 To determine the level of awareness, frequency, percentage, average, and rank will be

utilized.
 STATUS OF CACAO (THEOBROMA CACAO L.) PRODUCTION ON ITS

CHALLENGES AND PROSPECT IN SAN LUIS AURORA

Introduction

Theobroma cacao, the scientific name of cacao, literally translates as “food of the gods” in

Greek (Bureau of Plant Industry, 2017). Cacao is developing as an important economic

development engine in several countries throughout the world. As cocoa beans' supply and

demand imbalance widens in recent years, the cacao industry has begun to acquire traction in

domestic and international markets, resulting in increased recognition for the industry (Bureau of

Plant Industry, 2017).

It was projected that by 2020, global cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) demand is anticipated

to be between 4.7 and 5 million metric tons (MT), and production capacity would be 1 million

MT short. Along with the rising demand for the commodity, cocoa bean output has skyrocketed

due to the rapid expansion of small farmer participation. The increase in the global market is a

chance for the Philippines to expand its economy and create more jobs. Despite significant

competitive advantages, the Philippines' participation in the cocoa-chocolate engagement is

limited (DTI, 2017).

When it comes to cacao production, there are many different options and prospects.

Demand for cacao-based products is increasing, but the supply of these items is still insufficient

in domestic and international markets (Lirag, 2021). Considering the growing global demand for

cacao beans, commercial production of cacao is one of the recommended activities included in

the Philippines' 2017-2022 Investment Priorities Plan and Philippine Cacao Industry Road Map.

Due to its climate and favorable geographic location, the Philippines is suitable for cacao

production and accessibility to both domestic and international trade. Local farmers and exporters
have become more motivated to advocate for a more dynamic and competitive cacao industry that

can compete with other major cacao-growing nations, such as Brazil and Colombia (DTI, 2017).

However, the cocoa business in the Philippines is currently experiencing a resurgence. After

it has observed a rise in cocoa production volumes since 2006, the government implemented

policy measures to ensure the industry's continued growth through R.A. 7900, also known as the

High-Value Crop Development Program Act, emphasizing the intensification of cocoa production

as one of its priorities.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the Status of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) production on its

challenges and prospect in Municipality of San Luis, Aurora. Specifically, it seeks to answer the

following question;

1. How may the Profile of the cacao farmers be described in terms of:

1.1 Main occupation;

1.2 number of family members;

1.3 membership organization;

1.4 land tenurial status; and

1.5 annual income?

2. How may the Status of Cacao production be described in terms of:

2.1 Cacao farm size;

2.2 Topography;

2.3 Frequency of soil analysis;

2.4 Clone planted; and

2.5 Planting distance;

2.6 Frequency of weeding per year;

 2.7 Weeding method adopted;

2.8 Period of farm establishment;

2.9 Frequency of fertilizer application; and

2.10 Volume of fertilizer applied per hectare

3. What are Challenges encountered of cacao farmers in Municipality of San Luis, Aurora?

4. What are the Prospects of farmers for their cacao production?

Review of Related Literature

Farmers faced difficulties farming and producing cacao, which was not easy to grow due

to potential threats that might attack the cacao trees. According to Junaid (2015), cacao has four

primaries threated on and off the plantation that must be addressed. These difficulties are

characterized by the low yield on cocoa plants, severe pests and diseases, a lack of skills and

knowledge of good agricultural practices among farmers, and soil and postharvest handling

management.

Aside from the above-cited difficulties, many cocoa farms are increased to old with some

in production for more than 25 years (Nabua et al., 2013). Furthermore, cocoa plantations have

been severely affected by pests and diseases (Marelli et al., 2019), with cocoa pests such as cocoa

pod borer and fruit suckers being particularly problematic (Helopelthissp.), as well as cocoa

diseases such as black pod disease vascular streak dieback, known as vsd.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter will reveal the methods of research to be employed by the researchers in

conducting the study which includes the research design, population of the study, research

instrument and its development establishing its validity and reliability, data gathering procedures,

and the appropriate statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

 descriptive-quantitative

Respondents of the Study

 The respondents of this study were chosen purposively among the cacao farmers of

selected municipalities of San Luis, Aurora.

Research Instrument

 survey questionnaire

Data Gathering Procedure

 The researchers will be followed the ethical standards of the study in data gathering. The

researchers will prepare letter and ask permission to the respondents to administer the

survey questionnaire.

 Once the letter is approved, the researchers directly ask permission from the

questionnaire to answer the questionnaires.

 For accurate and reliable responses, the researchers distributed the questionnaires to each

respondent and gave directions for answering the questionnaires.

 After taking the needed data, the researchers ensured that the data gathered would be

treated with the utmost confidentiality and for the research only.

Statistical Treatment

 The results will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts,

percentages, and ranked respectively.

ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF PUGAHAN TREE

(ALBIZIA ACLE) IN MUNICIPALITY OF SAN LUIS

Introduction

The Pugahan tree (Albizia acle) is a native species found in various tropical regions,

playing a crucial role in ecosystem dynamics and providing essential ecological services. Despite

its ecological significance, the Pugahan tree faces threats such as habitat loss, overexploitation,

and land-use change, raising concerns about its conservation status.

The Pugahan tree (Albizia acle) holds significant ecological importance in various

ecosystems, yet its conservation status and ecological role remain poorly understood. This

research study aims to elucidate the ecological significance of the Pugahan tree and assess its

conservation status to guide effective conservation strategies. Through field surveys, ecological

assessments, and community engagement, this study seeks to generate valuable insights into the

distribution, abundance, habitat preferences, and threats faced by the Pugahan tree. By integrating

ecological data with socio-economic factors, this study aims to propose conservation measures

that promote the sustainable management and preservation of the Pugahan tree and its associated

ecosystems.

This research seeks to address knowledge gaps surrounding the ecology and

conservation of the Pugahan tree to inform conservation efforts and ensure the long-term

sustainability of its ecosystems

Statement of the Problem

 This research aims to determine the Ecological Significance and Conservation Status of

Pugahan Tree (Albizia acle ) Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions;

1. How may the treats in Status of the Pugahan Tree be describe in terms of;

1.1 Habitat loss;

1.2 Deforestation;

1.3 Logging;’

1.4 Climate change;

1.5 Overexploitatioan; and

1.6 Land-use change?

2. What are the ways on how to conserve the status of Pugahan Tree?

3. What is/are the Ecological Significance of Pugahan Tree?

Review of Related Literature

Max 2021 stated that Albizia acle plays diverse ecological roles, including soil

stabilization, nutrient cycling, and habitat provision for wildlife. This section reviews studies on

the ecological functions and interactions of the Pugahan tree within tropical ecosystems,

highlighting its importance for ecosystem resilience and biodiversity conservation.

Understanding the distribution and habitat preferences of Albizia acle is essential for

effective conservation planning. The Pugahan tree faces various threats, including habitat loss,

deforestation, logging, and climate change. This section assesses the current conservation status

of Albizia acle, highlighting the primary threats and challenges to its survival.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter will reveal the methods of research to be employed by the researchers in

conducting the study which includes the research design, respondents of the study, research
instrument and its development establishing its validity and reliability, data gathering procedures,

and the appropriate statistical treatment of data.

Research Design:

 Adopt a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative techniques.

Respondents of the Study

 Use purposive sampling to select respondent’s sites where Albizia acle is known to occur

in Municipality of San Luis, Aurora.

Research Instrument

 survey questionnaire ( checklist and interview guide)

Data Gathering Procedure

 The researchers will be followed the ethical standards of the study in data gathering. The

researchers will prepare letter and ask permission to the respondents to administer the

survey questionnaire.

 Once the letter is approved, the researchers directly ask permission from the

questionnaire to answer the questionnaires.

 For accurate and reliable responses, the researchers distributed the questionnaires to each

respondent and gave directions for answering the questionnaires.

 After taking the needed data, the researchers ensured that the data gathered would be

treated with the utmost confidentiality and for the research only.

Statistical Treatment

 The results will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts,

percentages, and ranked respectively.