Studying CAT- Computer Assisted Translation- a software used by translators and

functioning linguists, it does not translate, it helps but doesn’t do all the work. Components
principles of
CAT are: Translation memory, termbase, dictionaries, machine translation
engines(google translate). It is the use of a software to assist human translator
in the translation process. Example: Trados, MemoQ ect
Rules of A segment can be different things and it is what it get stored in TM.It could be a
segmentation sentence, a phrase, paragraph (a combination of sentences), headings (a title, the
beginning of a document). Segment is a unit of text. It contains sentences,
questions etc.. When you add a translation document to a project, it is segmented
during the import process. Segmentation is a process of splitting the text in a
translation document into segments. The segment boundaries are punctuation
marks. In most cases, a full stop signifies the end of the sentence, and a sentence
is usually a meaningful unit with a possible translation. Segmentation rules are a
form of automation that only runs once. Segmentation rules are an easy way to
perform a bulk action in your prospect database and further segment your
prospects based on your criteria. They will only affect prospects that already exist
in your database at that specific point in time.
Example:

memoQ: Select this option to display memoQ word counts.

Note: In memoQ, similarly to Microsoft® Excel®, every character sequence that is
between whitespaces is counted as a word. In memoQ mode, you always count
numbers as a single word, and hyphenated words like in-bound are also
considered to be a single word.

TRADOS-like: Select this option to display Trados-like word counts. SDL Trados® is
another CAT tool on the market that handles word counts differently.
Note: In Trados, numbers are only counted as words when they are within a
segment, and a number of other rules apply. In Trados®, segmentation is a factor
in word count, i.e. you can get a different word count if the same text appears in
one or two lines.

Trados® segmentation rules are not public, therefore there is usually a small
discrepancy between the word counts of Trados® and Trados-mode memoQ. In
most of the cases, this discrepancy does not exceed 1.5%. We suggest that you
only use Trados-like word counts if your client explicitly requires you to do so.
How ТМ works TM are language pair databases that store segments of text which have been
previously translated so they can be recalled for later use. Benefits: 1) never
translate the same sentence twice 2) All previous translations stored in the TM for
future use 3) The more you add to the TM, the more you can recall 4) Help you
translate faster. Saves time, consistent & quality. Stores source sentences and
their translation and also translations in TM can be used for future use.
Translation memory is a database of previously translated content. It contains
segments (units of text such as sentences or paragraphs) in your source (original)
and target (translation) languages. Janus TMS is a client-server translation
management system that supports:
• translation memories
• glossaries
 • quality control tools
• term extraction from the source text
• access via client application or Web browser
• integration with other systems
• etc.
After segmentation is done, TM looks for every pair of segments. TM stores the
name of the file, the source segment, the target segment..
Once you get your new text to translate, a CAT tool will look at all our entire
database, at all those translation units and try to find something that matches.
This is done very very quick. MT is trying to match the new sentence with the
sentence we have translated before. There are 4 types of matches: 1) context
match, this is the highest quality match, this is something that we have translated
before, but not only we have translated that sentence, but TM can recognize that
we translate that sentence and the sentences around it. 2) 100% match, this is the
more traditional match, is something we have translated before in the same
format (for example Bold). In this case the context is not taken into consideration,
it is just looking at that sentence, Typically we have to check 100% match because
there might be surprises ( for example feminine, masculine, or maybe something
was in the middle of the sentence, so we might have to use different translation).
3) Fuzzy match- so something below 100% match, so it is a sentence similar, bot
not identical and the differences could be a word different, formatting different, so
the TM suggest that translation and we can fix it ( add a word, replace a word,
restructure a little bit the sentence). 4) Fragment match- within a sentence there
might be fragments, you might have a sentence with 10 words but there 3-4
words repeat themselves, so you might have a feeling that you have translated
these 3-4 words before, so the fragment match will look for those pieces and show
here is how you have translated those 4 words, and then you decide whether to
use them or not. With long sentences, getting a match is harder, but with short
sentences it is easier, the statistics are in our favor in this case. What we store is
sentences, not paragraphs, so we can give ourselves a better chance to get a
match.

Log-file and Log-file is a historical record of everything & anything happened within a system.
types of A log file is a computer-generated data file that contains information about usage
matches
patterns, activities, and operations within an operating system, application, server
or another device. Log files show whether resources are performing properly and
optimally. Log files can show important information such as the need for upgrades
or areas for improvements in performance. Log files include information about
system performance that can be used to determine when additional capacity is
needed to optimize the user experience. Log files can help analysts identify slow
queries, errors that are causing transactions to take too long or bugs that impact
website or application performance. Example: INFO [2022-02-14 22:44:38,870]
Studio - Checking License Requirements
Types of matches Repetitions happen when the software identifies identical or very similar
segments previously translated for the same client. The level of similarity is
expressed as a percentage and is known as a translation memory match.
 A 0% match is no repetition at all.

A 100% match is a full repetition. It is called an exact match.

Matches ranging from 1 to 99% are called fuzzy matches.

A 95-99% match is a nearly exact match.

Lower matches may be divided into groups (e.g. 85-94% – high fuzzy match; 77-
84% – medium fuzzy match; 50-74% – low fuzzy match) but the exact values may
differ between software and providers.

Matches below 50% are considered useless. They make translation neither better
nor faster.
Repetitions and Repetitions - This contains segments that are completely identical to each other,
cross-file but which are not in the translation memory.
repetitions
Cross-file Repetitions (Repetitions between files) - this category is added to
statistics when there are several bilingual files in the work. This includes
completely identical segments from the selected file that are present in one or
more other files from this Trados project. If the analysis conditions change, this
figure may change. For example, there are files A , B and C in work . When
analyzing files A and B, there may be one number of repetitions between files, and
if you compare files A , B and C at once, this number may increase.
Context and
Perfect matches Context Match - This category includes matches that, when analyzed, Trados
discovers that several 100% matches in the current document are processed in
exactly the same sequence as in the translation memory. Sometimes such
matches are called 101% or 102% matches (for example, in MemoQ).

Perfect Match is a kind of Context Match. This segment category is counted when
the corresponding bilingual reference files were added when the Trados project
was created during the SDL Perfect Match phase (for example, a previous revision
of a document). The program finds contextual matches with the help file and, if
necessary, can immediately substitute them into the current working file. It is a
form of context match that compares updated source files to a corresponding set
of old bilingual doc. rather than to TM.

Internal matches Regular fuzzy matches only match against the active TM(s). Internal fuzzy
matches also take the segments already translated in the current project, but not
yet incorporated into a TM, into account.
Not all TM software uses internal fuzzy matches.

Learning what
is effective
word
Weighted word When you open for example a WO for translation, go to work- quantity total( is
concept the total nr of words) and quantity adjusted( weighted wordcount) is lower than
the total quantity. Because if we go to statistics, we can see that for no match we
 need 100% effort of the translator, so they are paid at 100% of the rate, but for
fuzzy we need less, and we charge the client less for fuzzies. The effective
wordcount( weighted wordcount) Is different for every vendor.
How to count To quantify the cost.
weighted word 1 new word weight 1 word
quantity
1 repeated word weight 1/3 word
Project  Manage projects (register projects, estimate the cost, track the costs, assign files,
Manager evaluate risks, plan and monitor project, ensure the profitability according to the
responsibilities
department requirements, ensure timely delivery to the client and fulfill the quality
expectations and scope requirements);
 Communicate with the client, the project team, including other company
departments involved in projects;
 Provide clients with support and advise on localization questions;
 Coordinate the activities of the internal and external project team resources
 Set up the project team (might be advised by Resource Manager);
 Monitor the cost of ongoing projects, improve profitability if necessary;
 Create and update project instructions, term bases, and TMs;
 Contribute to training resources and Assistant Project Managers;
 Ensure the quality of overall project and set up the relevant steps.

Basic PM actions Select the vendor

Define the deadline
Check deliveries
Decide the workflow
Plan and control every step

Profitability
Gross margin and Gross margin can be expressed as a percentage or in total financial terms.
how to count it The higher your gross margin is, the more efficient your business is at producing
its goods and services.
1. Find out your COGS (cost of goods sold). For example $30.
2. Find out your revenue (how much you sell these goods for, for example
$50).
3. Calculate the gross profit by subtracting the cost from the revenue. $50 -
$30 = $20
4. Divide gross profit by revenue: $20 / $50 = 0.4.
5. Express it as percentages: 0.4 * 100 = 40%.
The ways to 1. Planning the project cost from the start and understanding the stages, the
improve cost and the involved resources
profitability
2. Reviewing all stages of the project and deciding which phases offer
options to reduce cost
3. Selecting resources with lower prices
4. Excluding one of the translation stages of the project (editing or
proofreading)
5. Excluding the review of 100% matches at the translation stage (this can be
a high-risk item when working with large TMs)
6. Requesting volume discounts from the resources
 7. Excluding repetition processing (extracting or blocking)
“Rule of 40%” Growth and profit margin are the only two inputs needed by the rule of 40
formula. Simply add your percentage growth plus your gross margin to calculate
this metric.
For example, if your sales growth is 15% and your profit margin is 20%, your rule
of 40 number is 35% (15 + 20%), which is less than the 40% mark.
To be considered “attractive,” you must raise either revenue or benefit by at least
40%. You should choose a time frame that accurately reflects your growth and
profit margins.
For instance, you might calculate the rule of 40 based on the previous twelve
months and then roll the calculation forward on a monthly basis.
Cases when we
process low-
profitability
projects