ICAEW - Accounting - Question Bank - 2024

ACCOUNTING
QUESTION B A N K 2 0 2 4
CERTIFICATE LEVEL
ICAEW icaew.com
ICAEW
The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
Accounting
QUESTION BANK
For exams in 2024
icaew.com
Accounting
The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
ISBN: 978-1-0355-0931-7
Previous ISBN: 978-1-0355-0169-4
e-ISBN: 978-1-0355-0916-4
First edition 2007
Seventeenth edition 2023
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Contents
The following questions are exam- standard. Unless told otherwise, these questions are the style, content and format that you
can expect in your exam.
Title Question Answer
1 Introduction to accounting
2 The accounting equation
3 Recording financial transactions
4 Ledger accounting and double entry
5 Preparing basic financial statements
6 Errors and corrections to accounting records and financial statements
7 Cost of sales and inventories
8 Irrecoverable debts and allowance for receivables
9 Accruals and prepayments
10 Non-cu rrent assets and depreciation
11 Company financial statements
12 Company financial statements under IFRS Accounting Standards
13 Statementofcashflows
1 4 Company financial statements under UK GAAP
15 Sole trader financial statements under UK GAAP
16 Practice exam
Appendix: Mock Exam guidance notes

Exam
The assessment consists of 25 questions in total. There will b e 2 4 objective test questions (60% of the marks) which will be of
three types:
• Multiple choice - select 1 from 4 options A, B, C or D
■ Multi-part multiple choice - select 1 from 2 o r 3 options, for two o r more question parts
■ Multiple response - select 2 o r 3 responses from 4 or more options
These questions will cover the areas of the syllabus in accordance with the weightings set out i n the specification grid.
The remaining 40% of the marks are allocated from the preparation of single company financial statements; either a
statement of profit or loss and the statement of financial position or a statement ofcash flows, using a proforma template.
The exam is 1.5 hours long a n d at least 55 marks are required to pass this exam.
O u r website has the latest information, guidance and exclusive resources to help you prepare for this exam. Find everything
you need, from exam webinars, sample exams, errata sheets and the syllabus to examiner- a n d tutor-written articles at
icaew.com/examresources if you are studying the A C A a n d icaew.com/cfabstudents if you are studying ICAEW CFAB.
Professional skills
Professional skills are essential to accountancy and your development of t h e m is e m b e d d e d throughout the ACA
qualification. The level of competency in each of the professional skills areas required to pass each module exam increases
as ACA trainees progress upwards through each Level of the ACA qualification.
The professional skills e m b e d d e d throughout this Question Bank provide the opportunity to develop the knowledge and
professional skills required to successfully pass the exam for this module.
During your question practice, remain mindful that you should b e demonstrating each of the four professional skills within
your answers. You are advised to familiarise yourself with the full ACA professional skills development grids which can be
found at icaew.com/examresources.
The following advice will help you demonstrate each of the professional skills when completing your answers to questions i n
this Question Bank.
Professional skills focus: Assimilating and using information
You need to carefully read the information provided in exam questions to understand the scenario and the requirement, to
identify the most relevant information a n d to prioritise the key issues. In the multiple-choice, multi-part multiple choice o r
multiple-response questions, the key is in carefully reading the requirement and then using the information provided in the
scenario to address that requirement. The 40-mark accounts preparation question contains a large volume of information
that you need to work through i n a structured and logical manner.
You are expected to b e able to structure data, often using specific techniques o r using proforma as described in the
Workbook and use the data provided to prepare a solution to the specific requirement set. The type of problem you may be
faced with in Accounting including transactions not having been recorded, errors in recording transactions which need to b e
corrected o r determining the impact of adjustments o n profit for the year.
Professional accountants need to apply judgement when determining whether transactions should b e recognised in the
financial statements and at what amount they should be measured. Although you will not be dealing with complex
judgements in Accounting, you should b e aware that common adjustments such as depreciation, the allowance for
receivables and provisions all require the judgement and experience of the accountant.
Introduction to accounting
1 Which of the following best explains the term 'capital expenditure'?

Capital expenditure is expenditure:
A on non-current assets, including repairs and maintenance
B on expensive items over £10,000
C on the acquisition of non-current assets, or improvement in their earning capacity
D on items relating to owners' capital
LO 1d
2 Which of the following should be accounted for as capital expenditure?

A The annual cost of painting a factory floor
B The repair of a window in a building
C The purchase of a vehicle for re-sale by a car retailer
D Legal fees incurred on the purchase of a building
LO 1d
3 Which of the following transactions should be treated as capital expenditure in the financial statements of Sydney, sole
trader?
A £500 taken by Sydney to buy a music system for personal use
B £800 spent on purchasing a new laptop to replace the secretary's old one
C £2,000 on purchasing a machine for resale
D £150 paid to a painter for redecorating his office
LO 1d
4 Whichofthefollowingisanaspectofrelevance,accordingtothe IFRS Foundation 's Conceptual Framework for Financial

Reporting (the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting}?
A Neutrality
B Free from error
C Completeness
D Materiality
LO l a
5 According to the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, which of the following are enhancing qualitative
characteristics?
A Comparability, understandability, timeliness, verifiability
B Consistency, prudence, measurability, verifiability
C Consistency, reliability, measurability, timeliness
D Materiality, understandability, measurability, reliability
LO l a
6 In relation to the business of a sole trader, which two of the following does the government and its agencies need to be
able to do?
A Establish levels of tax revenue
B Assess whether the business will continue in existence
C Produce national statistics
D Assess the owner's stewardship
E Take decisions about thei r i nvestment
LO 1a
7 Information about an entity's assets and liabilities at a point in time is primarily provided in:
A the statement of profit or loss
B the statement of financial position
C retained earnings
D the statement of cash flows
LO 1a
8 According to the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, information on which two of the following areas can help
users identify the reporting entity's financial strengths and weaknesses?
A The econom ic resources it controls
B Its financial performance in the past
C The demogra ph ic structure of the local economy
D The claims on an entity's resource (the entity's liabilities)
E Its management structure
LO 1a
9 According to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements which two of the following are objectives of primary financial
statements?
A To show the results of management's stewardship of the resources entrusted to it
B To provide a basis for valuing the entity
C To provide information about the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity that is useful to a
wide range of users in making economic decisions
D To facilitate comparison of financial performance between entities operating in different industries
E To assist management and those charged with governance in making timely economic decisions about deployment
of the entity's resources
LO 1a
10 Information is relevant if it is capable of making a difference in the decisions made by users. According to the Conceptual
Framework for Financial Reporting, financial information is capable of making a difference in decisions if it has which of
the following?
(1) Predictive value
(2) Comparative value
(3) Historic value
(4) Confirmatory value
A 1 and 3 only
B 2and4only
C 1 and 4only
D 2 and 3 only
LO I d
11 The accounting principle which, in times of rising prices, tends to understate asset values and overstate profits, is:
A going concern
B accruals
C consistency
D historical cost
LO 1d
12 Which of the following statements about accounting concepts and the characteristics of financial information is correct?
A Financial statements are required to give a true and fair view. These terms have clear definitions which are included in
IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements.
B The historical cost concept means that only items capable of being measured in monetary terms can be recognised in
financial statements.
C It may sometimes be necessary to exclude information that is relevant and reliable from financial statements because
it is too difficult for some users to understand.
D A specific disclosure requirement of an IFRS Accounting Standard need not be satisfied if the information is
immaterial.
LO 1d
13 Listed below are two comments on accounting conventions.

(1) According to the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, financial information must be either relevant or
faithfully represented if it is to be useful.
(2) Materiality means that only items having a physical existence may be recognised as assets.
Requirement
Which, if either, of these comments is correct?
A 1 only
B 2 only
C Both of them
D Neither of them
LO 1d
1 4 Which of the following is the best description of fair presentation in accordance with IAS 1, Presentation of Financial
Statements?
A The financial statements are accurate.
B The financial statements are as accurate as possible given the accounting systems of the organisation.
C The directors of the company have stated that the financial statements are accurate and correctly prepared.
D The financial statements are reliable in that they faithfully reflect the effects of transactions, other events and
conditions.
LO 1d
u Which of the following definitions of the going concern concept in accounting is consistent with the definition given in IAS
1, Presentation of Financial Statements?
A The directors do not intend to liquidate the entity or to cease trading in the foreseeable future.
B The entity is able to pay its debts as and when they fall due.
C The directors expect the entity' s assets to yield futu re economic benefits.
D Financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the entity is solvent and would be able to pay all
creditors in full in the event of being wound up.
LO3b
16 According to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, compliance with IFRS Accounting Standardswill normally ensure
that:
A the entity's inventory is valued at net realisable value
B the entity's assets are valued at their break-up value
C the entity's financial statements are prepared on the assumption that it is a going concern
D the entity's financial position, financial performance and cash flows are presented fairly
LO 1d, 3b
17 The directors of Lagon pic wish to omit an item from the company's financial statements on the grounds that it is
commercially sensitive.Information on the item would influence the users of the information when making economic
decisions.
Requirement
According to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, the item is said to be:
A neutral
B prudent
C material
D understandable
LO l a
18 The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) was established in 2021 and will issue IFRS Sustainability
Disclosure Standards.
Requirement
Which of the following statements regarding sustainability reporting is true?
A There is a legal requirement for UK companies to disclose information relating to sustainability in their financial
statements.
B The ISSB will initially focus on climate-related disclosures.
C The IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards will replace IFRS Accounting Standards.
D There has not previously been any guidance issued relating to the disclosure of sustainability information.
LO 1a
19 Which three of the following are fundamental principles of the IESBA Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants?
A Integrity
B Objectivity
C Independence
D Confidentiality
E Courtesy
LO 1b
20 Which of the following statements is correct?

A The ICAEW Code of Ethics applies to its members only.
B The ICAEW Code of Ethics applies to its members and employees of member firms only.
C The ICAEW Code of Ethics applies to its members, employees of member firms and ICAEW students.
D The ICAEW Code of Ethics applies to its members, employees of member firms, ICAEW students and all other
members of UK accountancy bodies.
LO 1b
21 Which of the following statements best describes ethical guidance in the UK?
A Ethical guidance provides a set of rules which must be followed in all circumstances.
B Ethical guidance is a framework containing a combination of rules and principles, the application of which is
dependent on the professional judgement of the accountant based on the specific circumstances.
C Ethical guidance provides a set of principles which can be applied at the discretion of the accountant
D Ethical guidance is a series of legal requirements.
LO 1b
22 There are two main approaches to a code of professional ethics: a rules-based ethical code and a code based upon a set
of principles.
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.
A code based upon a set of principles requires a professional accountant to comply with a set of specific rules.
A True
B False
A rules-based code requires a professional accountant to identify, evaluate and address threats to compliance with
fundamental ethical principles.
C True
D False
The ICAEW uses a rules-based approach.
E True
F False
LO 1b
23 Which of the following is r o t a benefit to users of sustainability disclosures in financial statements?

A To assess whether published ESG targets have been met
B To assist in understanding how the entity can create long term value
C To provide information which is directly comparable with other companies disclosures
D To provide a more comprehensive view of the company's performance
2 The accounting e q u a t i o n
1 The accounting equation is correctly expressed as:

A Assets + profits - drawings - liabilities = closing capital
B Assets - liabilities - drawings = opening capital + profit
C Assets - liabilities - opening capital + drawings = profit
D Opening capital + profit - drawings - liabilities = assets
LO I d
2 The capital of a sole trader would change as a result of:

A a credit customer paying by bank transfer
B raw materials being purchased on credit
C non-current assets being purchased on credit
D personal petrol being paid for out of the business's petty cash
LO 1d, 3a
3 A business can make a profit and yet have a decreased bank balance. Which of the following might cause this to happen?
A The sale of non-current assets at a loss
B The charging of depreciation in the statement of profit or loss
C The lengthening of the period of credit given to customers
D The lengthening of the period of credit taken from suppliers
LO 1d,3a, 3b
4 The purpose of the financial statement that lists an entity's total assets and total capital and liabilities is to show:
A the financial performance of the entity over a period of time
B the amount the entity could be sold for in liquidation
C the amount the entity could be sold for as a going concern
D the financial position of the entity at a particular point in time
LO 3b, 3a
5 A sole trader is £5,000 overdrawn at their bank and receives £1,000 from a credit customer in respect of its account.
Requirement
Which elements) of the accounting equation will change due to this transaction?
A Assets and liabilities only
B Liabilities only
C Assets only
D Assets, liabilities and capital
LO 1d
6 A sole trader purchases goods on credit.
Requirement
A Assets and liabilities
B Assets and capital
C Capital and liabilities
D Assets only
LO 1d
7 A sole trader borrows £10,000 from a bank.

Requirement
D Assets only
LO 1d
8 A sole trader sells goods for cash for £500 which had cost £300.
Requirement
D Assets only
LO I d
9 A sole trader increases the business's number of motor vehicles by adding their own car to the business's fleet.
Requirement
A Assets only
B Capital only
C Assets and capital
D Assets and liabilities
LO 1d
10 Which three of the following are elements of financial statements as identified by the Conceptual Framework for Financial
Reporting?
A Income
B Expenses
C Profits
D Losses
E Obligations
F Resources
G Equity
LO I d
1 A business paid out £12,450 in net wages to its employees. In respect of these wages, the following amounts were
presented in the statement of financial position.
Pay as you earn (PAYE) payable 2,480
National Insurance (Nl) payable

-employees' 1,350
-employer's 1,500
No other deductions were made.

Requirement
Employees' gross wages, before deductions, were:
A £12,450
B £27,450
C £16,280
D £17,780
2 Which of the following is a source document that would be recorded in an entity's cloud-based accounting software?
A Debit note
B Credit note
C Sales order
D Purchase order
LO 1c
3 Which of the following best explains the imprest system of petty cash?
A Each month an equal amount of cash is transferred into petty cash.
B The exact amou nt of petty cash expenditu re is rei mbu rsed at i nte rvals to mai ntai n a fixed float.
C Petty cash must be kept under lock and key.
D The petty cash total must never fall below the imprest amount.
LO 1c, 1 d
4 At 1 April, a business had a balance of £100 (the imprest amount) in petty cash. At the e n d of April, it had vouchers
totalling £38, a receipt for a refund for stationery of £4 and a note to say that an employee was reimbursed £12 in respect
of postage costs, b u t no voucher was issued.
Requirement
How much does the business need to reinstate its imprest balance at 30 April?
A £34
B £46
C £54
D £66
5 The following data has been extracted from the payroll records of Kleen Ltd for the month of February 20X1 .
Pay as you earn (PAYE) 1 7,000
Employer's national insurance (Nl) 7,500
Employees' national insurance 6,000

Cash paid to employees 50,000
Requirement
The wages a n d salaries expense for the month is:
A £50,000
B £56,000
C £74,500
D £80,500
LO 1c, 1 d
6 When a purchase invoice is received from a supplier which two of the following documents would the invoice be checked
to before it is recorded in the cloud-based accounting software?
A Sales order
B Purchase order
C Remittance advice
D Goods received note
E Credit note
LO 1c
7 George purchases goods o n credit from Hardeep for £1,000; £100 of these goods are defective and George returns them
to Hardeep.
Requirement
What document would Hardeep issue to George in respect of the returned goods?
A Invoice
B Remittance advice
C Credit note
D Delivery note
LO 1c
8 River d o w n load s their ba n k transaction report for the day. The report shows a cash pay ment of £41 2 which the
computerised accounting system has not been able to match to a transaction.
Requirement
The unmatched payment is most likely the result of:
A the purchase of a new laptop for £412
B payment to a regular credit supplier for an invoice totalling £412
C a receipt from a credit customer i n respect of an invoice for £450 o n which a p r o m p t payment discount of £38 was
taken
D the payment of net wages of £41 2 which is consistent with the payroll ledger
LO 1c
9 A business has the following payroll costs for a month:
£
Gross pay 112,450
Income tax deducted 15,800
Employer's national insurance 11,200
Requirement
What is the net amou nt paid to employees for the month?
A £75,640
B £91,440
C £102,640
D £86,840
LO 1c, 1d
10 The petty cash float in a business has an imprest amount of £200. At the end of March, vouchers in the petty cash box
totalled £136 and the amount of cash remaining in the box was £54.
Requirement
Which of the following explains the difference?
A A petty cash voucher for £10 is missing.
B An employee was given £10 too little when making a petty cash claim.
C Two vouchers totalling £10 were prepared in error in respect of postage stamps purchased.
D A voucher for £10 was put in the box but no payment was made to the employee.
LO 1c
11 A business has the following payroll costs for a month:
£
Gross pay 38,600
PAYE 5,400
Employer's national insurance 3,500
Requirement
What is the wages cost to the business for the month?
A £38,600
B £42,100
C £47,100
D £50,600
LO 1c, 1d
12 Which two of the following are source documents that contain information that will be entered into a business's
accounting system?
A Goods received note
B Invoice to a customer
C Purchase order to a supplier
D Cheque payment to a supplier
E Delivery note to a customer
LO 1c
4 Ledger accounting a n d d o u b l e entry
1 Blake is a VAT registered trader whose sales a n d purchases carry VAT at the standard rate of 20%. Blake sells a customer
goods on cred it for £4,800 exclusive of VAT.
Requirement
What is the double entry to record this?
A Debit Sales £4,800, Debit VAT £960, Credit Receivables £5,760
B Debit Sales £4,000, Debit VAT £800, Credit Receivables £4,800
C Debit Receivables £5,760, Credit Sales £4,800, Credit VAT £960
D Debit Receivables £4,800, Credit Sales £4,000, Credit VAT £800
LO 1d, 2c
2 What transaction is represented by the entries: Debit Rent, Credit Payables?

A The receipt of rental income by the business
B The issue of an invoice for rent to a tenant
C The receipt of an invoice for rent payable by the business
D The payment of rent by the business
LO 11d, 2 d
3 In double-entry bookkeeping, which of the following statements is true?

A Credit entries decrease liabilities a n d increase income.
B Debit entries decrease income and increase assets.
C Credit entries decrease expenses and increase assets.
D Debit entries decrease expenses and increase assets.
LO I d
4 A d e b i t balance of £3,000 brought d o w n o n America Ltd's account in Brazil Ltd's accounting records means that Brazil Ltd
owes America Ltd £3,000.
A True
B False
LO 1 d
5 Crimson pic paid an invoice from a credit supplier and took advantage of the early settlement discount offered. When the
invoice was received and recorded, Crimson pic did not expect to take the discount.
Requirement
The journal entry to record the payment of the invoice is:
A Debit Payables, Credit Purchases, Credit Cash at bank account
B Debit Payables, Credit Cash at bank account
C Debit Cash at bank account. Debit Purchases, Credit Payables
D Debit Cash at bank account. Credit Purchases, Credit Payables
LO I d
6 Winn Ltd has opening trade payables of £24,1 83 and closing trade payables of £34,655. Purchases for the period totalled
£254,192 of which £31,590 related to cash purchases.
Requirement
Total payments recorded in the payables ledger for the period were:
A £212,130
B £233,074
C £243,720
D £264,664
LO 1d, 2c
7 What is the correct double entry to record an invoice raised to a credit customer who is not expected to take advantage of
an early settlement discount?
A Debit Revenue, Credit Receivables
B Debit Payables, Credit Revenue
C Debit Receivables, Credit Revenue
D Debit Revenue, Credit Payables
LO 1 d, 2c
8 Which of the following would require a d e b i t entry in the payables account?

A Output VAT
B Cash purchases total
C Payments made to suppliers
D
LO 1d, 2c
9 A payment has been received from a credit customer in settlement of an invoice. The customer was expected to take
advantage of an early settlement discount offered, however, payment was not made within the required timeframe and
the discount was not taken.
Requirement
The correct double entry to record the receipt of funds from the customer in full settlement of the invoice is:
A Debit Cash at bank, Credit Receivables, Credit Revenue
B Debit Cash at bank, Debit Revenue, Credit Payables
C Debit Receivables, Debit Revenue, Credit Cash at bank
D Debit Receivables, Credit Revenue, Credit Cash at bank
LO 1d, 2c
10 A business which is registered for VAT received the following invoice from one of its VAT registered suppliers:
Invoice: 7 0 3 5
Date: 2 0 December 20X0
Goods: 100 @£10 1,000
Less trade discount (50)
950
A further discount of £50 will be allowed if payment is received within 1 4 days.

Assume the business is not expected to make the payment within 1 4 days and the VAT rate is 20%.
Requirement
What amou nt of VAT should have been charged on the i nvoice?
A £180
B £190
C £200
D £210
LO 1c
1 Anchor Ltd is preparing its financial statements. After transferring the balances on all the income and expense ledger
accounts to the profit and loss ledger account the total credits in the profit and loss ledger account exceed the total
debits by £4,000.
Requirement
Which two of the following statements about Anchor Ltd are correct?
A Anchor Ltd has reported a loss for the year of £4,000.
B Anchor Ltd has reported a profit for the year of £4,000.
C To begin to calculate the closing capital account balance, Anchor Ltd should credit the capital account and debit the
profit and loss ledger account with £4,000.
D The opening balance on the profit and loss ledger account for the next reporting period is £4,000 credit
E The closing balance on the profit and loss ledger account of £4,000 should be deducted from the capital account to
give the profit for the year.
LO3c
2 Which of the following should be classified as a non-current asset?

A Cash
B Prepayments
C Land
D Receivables
LO 3c
3 Gerrard Ltd is registered for VAT.In the month of April, it sells goods to customers for a total of £89,436 excluding VAT
and purchases goods from suppliers fora total of £86,790 including VAT.
Requirement
What is the net amount shown in Gerrard Ltd's VAT account at the end of April?
A £3,422 debit
B £2,452 debit
C £3,422 credit
D £2,452 credit
LO 3c
4 Which of the following statements concerning the preparation of financial statements is true?
A The balances on income and expense accounts are brought down at the end of the accounting period to be carried
forward to the next accounting period.
B The balances on asset and liability accounts are summarised in an additional ledger account known as the statement
of financial position ledger account.
C The statement of profit or loss ledger account is a list of all the balances extracted from the business’s accounts.
D Loss for the year is a credit entry in the statement of profit or loss ledger account.
LO 3c
5 A sole trader had trade receivables of £2,700 at 1 May. During May they made cash sales of £7,200, credit sales of
£16,500 and received £1 5,300 from their credit customers.
Requirement
The balance o n the trade receivables account at the e n d of May was:
A £1,500
B £3,900
C £8,700
D £11,100
LO3c
6 Which of the following would be a credit balance in the trial balance?

A Bank overdraft
B Drawings
C Purchases
D Delivery outwards
LO 1f
7 Plym pic is a VAT registered retailer. All transactions attract VAT at the rate of 20%. For the year to 3 0 June 20X7, Plym pic
made purchases of £69,600 including VAT and made sales of £89,400 excluding VAT. There was no change in the figures
for opening and closing inventory in the statements of financial position as at 30 June 20X6 a n d 20X7.
Requirement
What was Plym pic's gross profit for the yea r ended 3 0 J u n e 20X7?
A £19,800
B £4,900
C £31,400
D £16,500
LO 3 c
8 Vai had an opening trade payables balance of £3,450 o n 1 December. During the month of December, they sold goods
totalling £6,780 to customers o n credit, purchased goods totalling £5,100 from suppliers o n credit and made cash
purchases of £400. They also received £3,900 from credit customers a n d made payments to credit suppliers of £4,200.
Requirement
What was the balance o n Vai's trade payables account at the e n d of December?
A £4,350
B £6,330
C £4,750
D £2,550
LO 3c
9 The following are balances on the accounts of London, a sole trader, as at the end of the current financial year and after all
entries have been processed and the profit for the year has been calculated.
£
Non-current assets 85,000
Trade receivables 7,000
Trade payables 3,000
Bank loan 15,000
Accumulated depreciation, non-current assets 15,000
Inventory 4,000
Accruals 1,000
Prepayments 2,000
Bank ove rd raft 2,000
Requirement
What is the balance on London's capital account?
A £59,000
B £66,000
C £62,000
D £64,000
LO 3c
6 Errors a n d corrections to accounting records a n d
financial statements
1 Which three of the following situations are likely to result in a suspense account being used to record a transaction?
A A receipt of £135 from a customer who unexpectedly, b u t correctly, has taken a 3% prompt payment discount.
B A payment of £84 made to a supplier in respect of an invoice of £70 plus VAT at 20%.
C A receipt of £3,500 from the disposal of a van with a carrying amount of £2,700.
D A journal entry posted by the bookkeeper to write off an irrecoverable debt of £55 in which the bookkeeper was
unsure where to record the credit entry.
E A payment made to a supplier for £90.25 in respect of an invoice for £95 o n which a p r o m p t payment discount of 5%
was expected to be taken.
LO2b
2 Indicate whether the following statements are true o r false.

The owner's drawings are shown o n the initial trial balance.
A True
B False
The closing inventory balance is included in the final trial balance.
C True
D False
LO 1e
3 When performing a reconciliation between the bank transaction report and the cash at bank account, which two of the
following would require an entry in the cash at bank account?
A Deposits credited after date
B Direct d e b i t shown o n bank transaction report only
C Bank charges
D Bank error
E Cheque presented afterdate
LO2b
4 Epsilon Ltd's cash at bank account at 31 December 20X3 shows a balance of £565 overdrawn. On comparing this with the
transaction report downloaded from the electronic banking system, the accountant discovers the following:
(1) A payment of £57 made by Epsilon Ltd o n 31 December 20X3 has not yet cleared its bank.
(2) A n electronic funds transfer of £92 from a customer, which was paid into the bank o n 30 December 20X3, has been
dishonoured by the customer's bank o n 31 December 20X3.
Requirement
The correct balance in Epsilon Ltd's cash at bank account as at 31 December 20X3 is:
A £473 debit
B £71 4 credit
C £657 credit
D £473 credit
LO2b
5 Smock Ltd's draft profit for the year is £324,700. After the draft profit was calculated, the following issues were discovered.
• Debts of £6,800 should have been written off as irrecoverable at the year end, b u t the journal entry was not posted.
* The accounting software had automatically calculated a n d recorded depreciation, b u t the standing data was found to
b e incorrect. The depreciation rate for cars should have been updated to 20% straight-line at the start of the year but,
was left as 25% straight-line in error. The balance o n the car cost account at the year-end was £24,000. There were no
additions o r disposals of cars in the year.
Requirement
What is Smock Ltd's corrected profit for the year after accounting for the above issues?
A £323,500
B £319,100
C £313,100
D £316,700
LO 2a, 2 b
6 A company's initial trial balance includes a balance of £25,000 i n a suspense account O n reviewing the exception report,
the bookkeeper identified the amount as a purchase of machinery for £25,000. The amount had been correctly recorded
in cash at bank, but the other side of the transaction had not been matched b y the accounting system.
Requirement
Which of the following journal entries would remove the suspense account and correctly record the purchase of
machinery?
A DEBIT, Plant and machinery, £25,000; CREDIT, Cash at bank account, £25,000
B DEBIT, Suspense account, £25,000; CREDIT, Plant a n d machinery £25,000
C DEBIT, Plant and machinery, £25,000; CREDIT, Suspense account £25,000
D DEBIT, Cash at bank account, £25,000; CREDIT, Suspense account £25,000
LO2c
7 The following information relates to a bank reconciliation. The balance in the cash at bank account before taking the items
below into account was £8,970 overdrawn.
(1) Bank charges of £550 o n the bank statement have not been entered i n the cash at bank account.
(2) The bank has credited the account in error with £425 which belongs to another customer.
(3) Electronic payments total ling £3,275 made shortly before the year e n d have been entered in the cash at bank
account b u t have not yet cleared the bank statement.
(4) Cash receipts totalling £5,380 have been correctly entered o n the d e b i t side of the cash at bank account but have not
been paid into the bank.
Requirement
What was the overdrawn balance as shown by the bank statement?
A £6,990
B £10,650
C £11,200
D £11,625
LO2b
ZD
8 Which two of the following statements about bank reconciliations are correct?
A In preparing a bank reconciliation, unpresented cheques must be deducted from the balance shown in the bank
statement.
B An electronic payment from a customer, which was dishonoured due to a lack of funds in the customer's bank
account, must be corrected making a debit entry in the cash at bank account.
C An error by the bank must be corrected by an entry in the cash at bank account.
D An overdraft is a debit balance on the bank statement.
E Bank charges that only appear on the bank statement must be debited to the cash at bank account
LO2b
9 Alpha received a statement from its credit supplier Beta, showing a balance to be paid of £8,950. Alpha's payables ledger
for Beta shows a balance due to Beta of £4,140.
Investigation reveals the following:
(1) A bank transfer made to Beta of £4,080 shortly before year end has not been recorded by Beta.
(2) Alpha has not adjusted the payables ledger for a £40 cash discount taken by Alpha but not allowed by Beta as
payment was not made on time.
(3) Goods costing £380 returned by Alpha have not been recorded by Beta.
Requirement
What discrepancy remains between Alpha's and Beta's records after accounting for these items?
A £9,310
B £390
C £310
D £1,070
LO2a
10 Peri's customer unexpectedly took advantage of an early settlement discount for £300, paying £3,700 on an invoice which
totalled £4,000. Peri's bookkeeper was not sure howto record the discount taken and so posted the following journal
entry:
DEBIT Cash at bank 3,700

DEBIT Suspense account 300
CREDIT Receivables 4,000
Requirement
Which of the following journal entries will remove the suspense account and correctly record the discount?
A Debit Receivables £300, Credit Suspense account £300
B Debit Revenue £300, Credit Suspense account £300
C Debit Cash at bank £300, Credit Suspense account £300
D Debit Payables £300, Credit Suspense account £300
LO 2c
11 Which two of the following differences between a company's cash at bank account and its bank transaction report
balance as at 30 November 20X3 would feature in the bank reconciliation?
A Electronic payments which were initiated and recorded in the cash at bank account on 30 November 20X3 which
have not yet cleared the bank statement
B Omission by the bank of a cash lodgement made by the company on 30 November 20X3 but not recorded by the
bankuntill December 20X3
C Bank charges presented in the bank statement on 28 November 20X3
D A digital wallet payment received from a customer and recorded on 30 November 20X3 but was dishonoured by the
customer's bank
LO 2b
12 An error of principle would occur if plant and machinery purchased:
A was omitted from the accounting records
B was debited to the purchases account
C was debited to the equipme nt account
D was debited to the correct account but with the wrong amount
LO2a
13 Asela s exception report showed £265 received in the business bank account, and correctly recorded in cash at bank,
could not be matched by the accounting system and so had been posted to a suspense account. Asela discovered that
the receipt was in respect of a sales invoice for £295 on which the customer had unexpectedly taken a prompt payment
discount of £30. The customer had paid within the required timeframe and so was entitled to take the discount.
Requirement
Which of the following journal entries should Asela post to correctly record the receipt and clear the suspense account?
A Debit Trade receivables £265, Cred it Suspense account £265
B Debit Revenue £30, Debit Suspense account £265, Credit Trade receivables £295
C Debit Suspense account £265, Credit Trade receivables £265
D Debit Trade receivables £295, Credit Revenue £30, Credit Suspense account £265
LO2b
14 Which of the following statements about bank reconciliations are correct?

(1) All differences between the cash at bank account and the bank statement must be corrected by means of a journal
entry.
(2) In preparing a bank reconciliation, payments received from credit customers before the period end but credited by
the bank after the period end should reduce an overdrawn balance in the bank statement.
(3) Bank charges not yet entered in the cash at bank account should be dealt with by an adjustment to the balance per
the bank statement.
(4) If an electronic payment received from a credit customer is subsequently dishonoured by their bank, a credit entry in
the cash at bank account is required.
A 2 and 4
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 1 and 3
LO2b
15 The following trade payables account contains some errors. All goods are purchased on credit.
TRADE PAYABLES
£ £
Purchases 945,800 Opening balance 384,600
Cash at bank account 988,400
Purchases (Discounts received from

suppliers) 12,600
Trade receivables (contra) 4,200
Closing balance 410,400
1,373,000 1,373,000
Requirement
What would be the closing trade payables balance when the errors have been corrected?
A £325,200
B £350,400
C £333,600
D £410,400
LO2b
16 An error of commission is one in which:

A a transaction has not been recorded
B one side of a transaction has been recorded in the wrong account, and that account is of a different class to the
correct account
C one side of a transaction has been recorded in the wrong account, and that account is of the same class as the correct
accou nt
D a transaction has been recorded using the wrong amount
LO2a
1 7 Owais's trial balance included a suspense account which had been automatically opened by the computerised
accounting system. Using the exception report, the bookkeeper identified that the balance in the suspense account was
due to the following unmatched transactions:
(1) A payment to a credit supplierfor £1 35 related to an invoice for £120. The business missed the deadline to take the
early settlement discount it had expected to take.
(2) A receipt of £90 from a credit customer who had unexpectedly (but appropriately) taken an early settlement discount
of £10.
(3) Interest received in the business bank account of £70.
Requirement
What is the balance o n the suspense account?
A Debit £25
B Credit £25
C Debit £65
D Credit £65
LO2b
18 All of Elmo's sales a n d purchases attract VAT at 20%. A customer has just returned goods sold for £230 excluding VAT.
Requirement
The double entry for this transaction is:
A Debit Trade receivables £276, Credit VAT £46, Credit Revenue £230
B Debit Revenue £276, Cred it Trade receivables £276
C Debit Revenue £230, DebitVAT £46, Credit Trade receivables £276
D Debit Trade receivables £230, DebitVAT £46, Credit Revenue £276
LO2c
19 Incorrectly recording the purchase of stationery by debiting the computer equipment account would result in:
A an overstatement of profit and an overstatement of non-current assets
B an understatement of profit and an overstatement of non-current assets
C an overstatement of profit and an understatement of non-current assets
D an understatement of profit and an understatement of non-current assets
LO2a
2 0 In the trade payables of Magma Ltd, an invoice of £807 from Ferdinand has been recorded as a credit note.
Requirement
After correcting this error, the trade payables balance will be:
A reduced b y £807
B reduced b y £1,614
C increased by £807
D increased by £1,614
LO2b
21 Beta Ltd has calculated a draft gross profit of £1 50,000 and a draft net profit of £83,000 for the year e n d e d 31 December
20X3.
Two issues were then discovered:
(1) Inventory costing £5,000, with a resale value of £7,500, was received into the warehouse o n 2 January 20X4 but had
been included in the closing inventory amount at 31 December 20X3.
(2) £10,000 relating to staff training costs was incorrectly capitalised as part of the purchase cost of a new machine which
had been purchased o n 1 July 20X3. Beta Ltd depreciates machinery o n a straight-line basis a t a rate of 20% per
annum. Depreciation should b e included as an administrative expense in the year.
Requirement
After correcting these issues, what amounts should Beta Ltd report for gross profit and net profit?
A Gross profit: £142,500; Net profit: £66,500
B Gross profit: £145,000; Net profit: £69,000
C Gross profit: £145,000; Net profit: £74,000
D Gross profit: £142,500; Net profit: £65,500
LO 2a
22 Emery a sole trader, has taken goods valued at £1,800 for their own use. This has not been recorded in arriving at their
draft profit figure.
To record the drawings, Emery must adjust cost of sales by:
A Debit £1,800
B Credit £1,800
As a result, Emery's reported profit will:
C Increase
D Decrease
LO 2a, 2c
23 Supplier Ruffle Ltd has a debit balance of £26 in Staint pic’s payables ledger.
Requirement
Which of the following would, alone, explain this balance?
A Staint pic paid an invoice for £26 even though it had recorded a credit note that Ruffle Ltd had issued in respect of
this amount.
B Staint pic b o u g h t a n d paid for some goods for £26 which it then returned, b u t Ruffle Ltd has not yet issued a credit
note.
C Staint pic received a credit note for £26 from Ruffle Ltd but posted it to the account of Rustle Ltd.
D Staint pic transferred funds to Ruffle Ltd for £53 in respect of an invoice for £79.
LO 2a, 2 b
2 4 Catt pic has prepared its draft statement of profit or loss at 31 May 20X1 which shows a gross profit of £99,500. Catt pic
has now discovered that at both the beginning and the e n d of the period, one line of inventory, the Sungsa, has been
included at selling price: £1,240 at 31 May 20X1 and £3,720 at 1 April 20X0. The Sungsa is always sold a t a mark-up of
25% b y Catt pic.
Requirement
After correcting this error Catt pic’s gross profit for the year to 31 May 20X1 is:
A £99,996
B £99,004
C £98,880
D £100,120
LO2a
25 Mayo pic has prepared a draft statement of profit o r loss that shows a net profit of £75,000 for the year e n d e d 30 April
20X5. Subsequently, the following matters have been discovered.
(1) A subscription notice for £1,000 was received in April 20X5 for the year to 3 0 April 20X6. Mayo pic pays the
subscription in two equal instalments. The first instalment was paid o n 28 April 20X5 and posted to the cash at bank
account a n d to administrative expenses. N o other entries have been made.
(2) Goods that cost £400 a n d sold at a gross margin of 75% were returned by Dandy Ltd on 3 0 April 20X5, after the
inventory count had taken place. N o credit note was issued.
Requirement
Once these matters have been dealt with Mayo pic’s net profit for the year ended 3 0 April 20X5 will be:
A £75,400
B £74,300
C £75,100
D £75,700
LO2a
26 Hood Ltd has a draft net profit of £540,000 for the year ended 31 October 20X2. It discovered the following errors:
(1) Repair costs of £6,600 incurred on 1 November 20X1 were debited to fixtures and fittings. Hood Ltd depreciates
fixtures and fittings at 25% per annum.
(2) An early settlement discount of £1,785 taken unexpectedly, but appropriately, by a customer was debited to trade
receivables and credited to sales.
Requirement
On correction of these errors Hood Ltd's net profit will be:
A £535,050
B £531,480
C £533,265
D £536,430
LO2a
27 Net profit was calculated as being £10,200. It was later discovered that capital expenditure of £3,000 had been treated as
revenue expenditure, and revenue receipts of £1,400 had been treated as capital receipts.
Requirement
What is the net profit after correcting for these errors?
A £5,800
B £8,600
C £11,800
D £14,600
LO2a
28 On reviewing its cash at bank account and the transaction report downloaded from its electronic banking system, Probla
pic discovers the following errors:
(1) A payment received from a credit customer for £1,095 was manually recorded in trade receivablesand cash at bank
account as £1,509.
(2) A cheque to a credit supplier for £89 was entered incorrectly in trade payables and the cash at bank account as £98.
Requirement
What is the journal entry to correct these errors?
A Debit Receivables £414, Credit Payables £9, Credit Cash at bank £405
B Debit Cash at bank £405, Debit Payables £9, Credit Receivables £414
C Debit Receivables £414, Debit Payables £9, Credit Cash at bank £423
D Debit Cash at bank £423, Credit Receivables £414, Credit Payables £9
LO 2b
29 In relation to trade payables at the year end of 30 April 20X1, Jitka pic has discovered that:
(1) a contra of £85 with trade receivables is required; and
(2) an early settlement discount of £2,220, which was taken appropriately by a credit customer, was credited to revenue
and debited to trade payables. Jitka pic had not expected the customer to take the discount.
Before these discoveries, the balance on trade payables was £72,560.
Requirement
In its statement of financial position as at 30 April 20X1 Jitka pic will have a figure for trade payables of:
A £70,255
B £74,695
C £74,865
D £76,915
LO 2a, 3c
30 Topping pic's initial trial balance for the year ended 31 October 20X9 has been prepared. It shows draft profit for the
period of £58,147 and a credit balance on a suspense account of £738 in respect of accrued expenses. The bookkeeper
was unsure of howto record the accrual and incorrectly debited £738 to prepayments and credited the suspense account.
Requirement
What is Topping pic's profit for the period after this error has been corrected?
A £59,623
B £57,409
C £58,885
D £56,671
LO2a
7 Cost of sales a n d inventories
1 A business has opening inventory of £7,200 and closing inventory of £8,100, Purchases for the year were £76,500,
delivery inwards was £50 and delivery outwards was £180,
Requirement
What is the amount for cost of sales?
A £75,550
B £75,650
C £75,830
D £77,450
LO 1d, 3c
2 Platoon pic is preparing its financial statements for the year e n d e d 30 April 20X1, having extracted an initial trial balance.
It had n o opening inventory, its purchases in the period were £686,880 and closing inventories were valued as £18,647 o n
30 April 20X1,
Requirement
Which two of the following journal entries are required to record cost of sales and closing inventories at 30 April 20X1?
A Dr Cost of sales: £686,880; Cr Inventories: £686,880
B Dr Purchases: £686,880; Cr Cost of sales: £686,880
C Dr Cost of sales: £686,880; Cr Purchases: £686,880
D Dr Inventories: £18,647; Cr Cost of sales: £18,647
E Dr Cost of sales: £1 8,647; Cr Inventories: £1 8,647
F Dr Inventories: £1 8,647; Cr Purchases: £1 8,647
LO3c
3 Muse pic began trading o n 1 January 20X8 and had n o opening inventories at that date. During 20X8 it made purchases
of £455,000, incurred delivery inwards of £24,000, a n d delivery outwards of £29,000. Closing inventories at 31 December
20X8 were £52,000,
Requirement
What is the amount of cost of sales for the year ended 31 December 20X8?
A £456,000
B £427,000
C £432,000
D £531,000
LO 3c
4 Boomerang C o had 200 units in inventory at 30 November 20X1 valued at £800. During December 20X1 it made the
following purchases and sales.
2 Dec 20X1 Purchased 1,000 units @ £5.00 each
5 Dec 20X1 Sold 700 units @ £7.50 each
12 Dec 20X1 Purchased 800 units @ £6.20 each
15 Dec 20X1 Purchased 300 units @ £6.60 each
Requirement
Which of the following is the closing inventory amount using the first in first o u t (FIFO) method?
A £4,460
B £4,340
C £4,620
D £3,500
LO 1 d
5 The following information relates to Camberwell pic's year-end inventory of finished goods.
Direct costs of Expected selling

materials and Production and distribution ov Expected selling
labour overheads incurred erheads price
£ £ £ £
Inventories category 1 2,470 2,100 480 5,800

Inventories category 2 9,360 2,730 150 12,040
Inventories category 3 1,450 850 190 2,560
13,280 5,680 820 20,400
Requirement
At what amount should finished goods inventory be stated in the company's statement of financial position?
A £13,280
B £18,960
C £18,760
D £19,580
LO 1 d
6 At its year e n d Crocodile pic has 6,000 items of product A costing £10 per unit, and 2,000 items of product B costing £5
per unit. The following information is available:
Product A - 500 are defective a n d can only be sold at £8 each.
Product B - 100 are to be sold for £4.50 each with selling expenses of £1 .50 each.
Requirement
What amount should b e shown in Crocodile pic's statement of financial position for inventory?
A £57,000
B £68,950
C £68,800
D £70,000
LO 1d, 3c
In a period of rising prices, applying the first in first o u t (FIFO) method to determine the cost of inventories will give a
lower gross profit figure than the average cost (AVCO) method.
A True
B False
Closing inventory is a d e b i t in the statement of profit o r loss.
C True
D False
LO 1 d , 2 a
8 Mickey Ltd has calculated the cost of inventory using the average cost (AVCO) method. At 1 June 20X8, there were 60
units in inventory at a cost of £12 each. O n 8 June, 40 units were purchased for £15 each, and a further 50 units were
purchased for £18 each o n 1 4 June. O n 21 June, 75 units were sold for £20.00 each.
Requirement
What is the carrying amount of closing inventory at 30 June 20X8?
A £1,110
B £1,010
C £900
D £1,125
LO 3c
9 Morgan pic's direct production cost of each unit of inventory is £46. Production overheads are £1 5 per unit. Currently the
goods can only b e sold if they are modified at a cost of £1 7 per unit. The selling price of each modified unit is £80 and
selling costs are estimated at 10% of selling price.
Requirement
At what amount should each unmodified unit of inventory b e included in the statement of financial position?
A £48
B £55
C £64
D £61
LO 3c
1 0 Indicate whether each of the following statements are true o r false.

A v a n for resale by a dealer is shown as a non-current asset in its statement of financial position.
A True
B False
Import duties are included in the cost of inventory.
C True
D False
LO 3c
11 Which two of the following may be included when arriving at the cost of finished g o o d s inventory for inclusion in the
financial statements of a manufacturing company?
A Delivery inwards
B Delivery outwards
C Depreciation of delivery vehicles
D Finished goods storage costs
E Production line wages
LO 1 d
12 Which of the following statements about inventory for the purposes of the statement of financial position is correct?
A Average cost (AVCO) and last in first o u t (LIFO) are both acceptable methods, under IAS 2 , Inventories, of arriving at
the cost of inventories.
B The cost of inventories of finished goods may include labour and materials cost only, without including overheads,
C Inventories should be included at the lowest of cost, net realisable value and replacement cost.
D It may b e acceptable for the cost of inventories to be based o n selling price less estimated profit margin.
LO 1 d
13 A company's closing inventory at 31 January 20X3 amounted to £284,700.

The following items were included, at cost, in the total:
(1) 400 coats, which had cost £80 each and are normally sold for £150 each. Owing to a defect in manufacture, they were
all sold after 31 January 20X3 at 50% of their normal selling price. Selling expenses amounted to 5% of the proceeds.
(2) 800 skirts, which had cost £20 each. These too were found to be defective. Remedial work in February 20X3 cost £5
per skirt, and selling expenses were £1 per skirt. They were sold for £28 each.
Requirement
What should b e the inventory value after considering the above items?
A £281,200
B £282,800
C £329,200
D £284,700
LO 1 d
1 4 Sahara pic sells three products: Basic, Super a n d Luxury. The following information was available at the year end.
Basic Super Luxury
£ per unit £ per unit £ per unit
Original cost 6 9 18
Estimated selling price 9 12 15
Selling and distribution costs to b e incurred 1 4 5
Units Units Units
Units of inventory 200 250 150
Requirement
What is the value of inventory at the year end?
A £3,600
B £4,700
C £5,100
D £6,150
LO 1 d
15 A company uses the first in first out (FIFO) method to arrive at its inventory cost At 1 May 20X2 the company had 700
engines in inventory, valued at £1 90 each.
During the year e n d e d 30 April 20X3 the following transactions took place:
20X2
1 July Purchased 500 engines at £220 each
1 November Sold 400 engines for £160,000
20X3
1 February Purchased 300 engines at £230 each
15 April Sold 250 engines for £125,000
Requirement
What is the cost of the company's closing inventory of engines at 30 April 20X3?
A £188,500
B £195,500
C £161,500
D £167,500
LO 1 d
16 An inventory record has been extracted from the computerised accounting system. It shows the following details.
1 February 50 units in inventory at a cost of £40 per unit
7 February 100 units purchased at a cost of £45 per unit
1 4 February 80 units sold
21 February 50 units purchased at a cost of £50 per unit
28 February 60 units sold
Requirement
What is the cost of inventory at 28 February using the first in first out (FIFO) method?
A £2,450
B £2,500
C £2,700
D £2,950
LO I d
17 For the year ended 31 October 20X3 a company carried out a physical count of inventory on 4 November 20X3, leading
to a n inventory cost at this date of £483,700.
The following transactions took place between 1 November 20X3 and 4 November 20X3:
(1) Goods costing £38,400 were received from suppliers.
(2) Goods that had cost £1 4,800 were sold for £20,000.
(3) A customer returned, in good condition, some goods which had been sold to them in October for £600 and which
had cost £400.
(4) The company returned goods that had cost £1,800 i n October to the supplier, and received a credit note f o r t h e m .
Requirement
What amount should b e shown in the company's financial statements at 31 October 20X3 for closing inventory, based on
this information?
A £458,700
B £505,900
C £508,700
D £461,500
LO 3c
18 In preparing its financial statements for the current year, a company's closing inventory was understated by £300,000.
Requirement
What will be the effect of this error if it remains uncorrected?
A The current year's profit will b e overstated and next year's profit will b e understated.
B The current year's profit will b e understated but there will be n o effect o n next year's profit.
C The current year's profit will b e understated and next year's profit will be overstated.
D The current year's profit will b e overstated but there will be n o effect o n next year's profit.
LO2a
1 9 At 30 September 20X3 the closing inventory of a company amounted to £386,400.

The following items were included in this total at cost:
(1) 1,000 items which had cost £1 8 each. These items were all sold i n October 20X3 for £1 5 each, with total selling
expenses of £800.
(2) Five items which had been in inventory for many years, and which had been purchased for £100 each, were sold in
October 20X3 for £1,000 each, net of selling expenses.
Requirement
What is the amount of closing inventory at 30 September 20X3?
A £382,600
B £390,200
C £368,400
D £400,600
LO 3c
2 0 The cost of inventory i n the financial statements of Quebec Ltd for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X4 of £836,200 was
based o n an inventory count o n 4 January 20X5.
Between 31 December 20X4 and 4 January 20X5, the following transactions took place:
Purchases of goods 8,600
Sales of goods (profit margin 30% o n sales) 1 4,000
Goods returned by Quebec Ltd to a supplier 700
Requirement
What amount should b e included i n the financial statements for inventories at 31 December 20X4?
A £838,100
B £842,300
C £818,500
D £834,300
LO 3c
21 The closing inventory of Epsilon Ltd amou nted to £284,000 at cost at the year e n d of 30 September 20X1 .This tota I
includes the following two inventory lines.
(1) 500 items which had cost £1 5 each and which were included at £7,500. These items were found to have been
defective at the date of the statement of financial position. Remedial work after that date cost £1,800 and they were
then sold shortly afterwards for £20 each. Selling expenses were £400.
(2) 100 items which had cost £10 each. After the date of the statement of financial position they were sold for £8 each,
with selling expenses of £1 50.
Requirement
What amount should b e shown in Epsilon Ltd's statement of financial position for inventory at 30 September 20X1 ?
A £283,650
B £284,350
C £284,650
D £291,725
LO 3c
22 Lamp Ltd makes the following purchases in the year ending 31 December 20X9:
Units £/unit Total (£)
1 21 January 20X9 100 12.00 1,200
2 30 April 20X9 300 12.50 3,750
3 31 July 20X9 40 12.80 512
4 1 September 20X9 60 13.00 780
5 11 November 20X9 80 13.50 1,080
At the year-end 200 units are in inventory but 8 are damaged a n d are only worth £10 per unit These are identified as
having been part of the 1 1 November 20X9 delivery. Lamp Ltd measures the cost of inventory using the FIFO method.
Requirement
What is the correct figure for inventories at 31 December 20X9?
A £2,450
B £2,525
C £2,594
D £2,700
LO I d
23 Bouncy Balls pic has 4 0 units of its special spongy balls in inventory as at 30 November 20X7. The product costs £5 per
unit to manufacture and can be sold for £15 per u n i t Half of the units in inventory at the yea r-e n d have been damaged
and will require rectification work costing £10 per unit before they can b e sold. Selling costs are £1 per unit.
Requirement
What is the value of inventory at 30 November 20X7?
A £160
B £180
C £200
D £600
LO 1d
2 4 The closing inventory of Stacks pic amounted to £58,200 excluding the following two inventory lines:
(1) 200 items which had cost £1 5 each. These items were found to b e defective at the year-end date. Rectification work
after that date amounted to £1 r 200 for the batch, after which they were sold for £1 7.50 each, with selling expenses
totalling £300 for the batch.
(2) 400 items which had cost £2 each. All were sold after the year-end date for £1 .50 each, with selling expenses of £200
for the batch.
Requirement
What amount for inventory should be shown in the statement of financial position of Stacks pic?
A £62,000
B £61,600
C £60,600
D £61,000
LO 3c
25 Fenton pic is a manufacturer of tablets. The company makes two different models, the M 1 and M2, and has 100 of each in
inventory at the year end.
Costs and related data for a unit of each model are as follows:
Ml M2
£ £
Costs to date 230 350
Selling price 400 500
Modification costs to enable sale 110 -
Delivery outwards 65 75
Requirement
What figure for inventory should be shown in the statement of financial position at the year end?
A £57,500
B £58,000
C £65,000
D £65,500
LO 3c
26 When calculating the cost of inventory, which of the following shows the correct method of arriving at cost?
A Include inward delivery costs. Exclude production overheads
B Exclude inward delivery costs, Include production overheads
C Include inward delivery costs. Include production overheads
D Exclude inward delivery costs, Exclude production overheads
LO 1d
27 A trader who sets her selling prices by adding 50% to cost, only managed to achieve a mark-up of 45%,
Requirement
Which of the following factors could account for the shortfall?
A Sales were lower tha n expected.
B The value of the opening inventories had been overstated.
C The closing inventories of the business were higher than the opening inventories.
D Goods taken from inventories by the proprietor were recorded by debiting drawings and crediting purchases with the
cost of the goods.
LO2a
28 The gross profit margin is 20% where:

A cost of sales is £100,000 and sales are £120,000
B cost of sales is £100,000 and sales are £125,000
C cost of sales is £80,000 and gross profit is £16,000
D cost of sales is £80,000 and sales are £96,000
LO2a
29 Which of the following factors could cause a company's gross profit margin to fall below the expected level?
A Overstateme nt of cI osin g i nvento ries
B The incorrect inclusion in purchases of invoices relating to goods supplied in the following period
C The inclusion in sales of the proceeds of sale of non-current assets
D Increased cost of delivery borne by the company on goods sent to customers
LO I d
3 0 An extract from a business's statement of profit or loss is as follows:
£ £
Revenue 1 1 5,200
Opening inventory 21,000
Purchases 80,000
Closing inventory (5,000)
(96,000)
1 9,200
Requirement
What mark-up has the business applied?
A 14.8%
B 16.7%
C 20.0%
D 83.3%
LO I d
31 Franz pic is a manufacturer. Its 12-month reporting period ends o n 31 July a n d it adopts the average cost (AVCO) method
when valuing its closing inventory. At 1 August 20X4 it held inventory of 2,400 units of the material Zobdo, valued at £10
each. In the year to 31 July 20X5 there were the following inventory movements of Zobdo:
1 4 November 20X4 Sales 900 units
28 January 20X5 Purchase 1,200 units for £20,1 00
7 May 20X5 Sales 1,800 units
Requirement
What was the cost of Franz pile's closing inventory of Zobdo at 31 July 20X5?
A £11,700
B £9,000
C £15,075
D £35,100
LO 1 d
32 For many years Wrigley pic has experienced rising prices for raw material X and has kept constant inventory levels. It has
always used the average cost (AVCO) method to arrive at the cost of inventory.
Requirement
What would the result be if Wrigley pic had always used the first in first out (FIFO) method i n each successive year’s
financial statements?
A Lower cost of sales a n d higher closing inventory
B Lower cost of sales a n d lower closing inventory
C Higher cost of sales a n d lower closing inventory
D Higher cost of sales a n d higher closing inventory
LO 1d, 3a
33 During the year e n d e d 31 March 20X4 Boogie pic suffered a major fire at its factory, in which inventory that had cost
£36,000 was destroyed. An insurance payment of 80% of the cost has been agreed but not received at the year end.
Requirement
Which of the following correctly completes the journal entry to take account of these matters?
Debit trade and other receivables with £28,800 and:
A Debit Administrative expenses £36,000, Credit Purchases £28,800, Credit Revenue £36,000
B Debit Administrative expenses £7,200, Credit Purchases £36,000
C Debit Administrative expenses £36,000, Credit Purchases £36,000, Credit Other income £28,800
D Debit A d ministrative expenses £7,200, Credit I n ventory £36,000
LO 2a, 2c
3 4 Percy pic started trading on 1 April 20X4 and made a loss in the year to 31 March 20X5. The cost of inventory shown in
Percy pic's statement of financial position at 31 March 20X5, using the average cost(AVCO) basis, was £6,420. Had the
first in first o u t (FIFO) basis been used, the cost would have been £8,080.
Requirement
What is the effect of adopting the FIFO basis o n Percy pic's financial statements for the year ended 31 March 20X5?
A decreases losses and decrease current assets by £1,660
B increase current assets and decrease losses by £1,660
C increase capital and decrease current assets by £1,660
D increase current assets and increase losses by £1,660
LO 1 d, 3a, 3c
35 Kane Ltd has completed its inventory count for the period e n d e d 30 June 20X8. The inventory count concluded that there
were inventories costing £32,340 of which £1,280 were found to be damaged and had a net realisable value of nil.
Requirement
What is the journal entry to record closing inventories at 30 June 20X8?
A Dr Cost of sales: £32,340; Cr Inventories: £32,340
B Dr Inventories: £32,340; Cr Cost of sales: £32,340
C Dr Cost of sales: £31,060; Cr Inventories: £31,060
D Dr I n ventories: £31,060; Cr Cost of sales: £3 1 ,060
LO 1d
i u
36 Mango Ltd provides website design and development services to its clients. It has a contract relating to the design of a
website for its client Pear Ltd. The contract commenced on 1 June 20X5 and is d u e to be completed by 31 August 20X5
and is therefore in progress at its year e n d 31 July 20X5. The following information is relevant to the contract:
Budgeted time (hours) Time incurred to date Hourly rate (£)

(hours)
Contract manager 4 1 100
Lead designer 20 12 75
Developer 12 4 80
Mango Ltd bills amounts to its client o n completion of the contract.
Requirement
Calculate the amount of the work-in- progress at 31 July 20X5,
A £Nil
B £2,860
C £1,907
D £1,320
LO 1 d
37 Pogo Ltd provides environmental consultancy services to its clients, advising o n how they can reduce their waste and
make their practices more sustainable. Pogo Ltd recently entered into a contract with a new client which is ongoing at
Pogo Ltd's year end of 31 December 20X5. The directors of Pogo Ltd have asked you to identify which of the costs
incurred can b e included in its work-in progress at 31 December 20X5.
Requirement
Which THREE of the following costs can be included in work-in-progress at 31 December 20X5?
A Costs of advertising the services offered to all clients
B Legal fees incurred i n agreeing the contract with the client
C Administrative expenses incurred in running Pogo Ltd's offices
D A bonus paid to Pogo Ltd's staff for securing the contract with the client
E The salary of Pogo Ltd's payroll manager
F Travel costs incurred in agents travelling to the client's workplace
LO I d
8 Irrecoverable debts a n d allowance for receivables
1 At 30 September 20X4, Mathieson pic's allowance for receivables was £19,500. At 30 September 20X5 it was decided to
write off irrecoverable debts totalling £6,000 and to decrease the allowance for the remaining receivables to £1 5,000.
Requirement
What is the adjustment to the statement of profit or loss in respect of irrecoverable debts for the year ended 30
September 20X5?
A £1,500 credit
B £1,500 debit
C £21,000 debit
D £21,000 credit
LO I d
2 At 30 June 20X1 Cameron pic has decided to write off two debts of £1,300 and £2,1 50 respectively a n d to make an
allowance of £6,631 against the remaining trade receivables balance. The balance o n the allowance at 1 July 20X0 was
£8,540.
Requirement
What is Cameron pic's irrecoverable debts expense for the year to 30 June 20X1 ?
A £1,541
B £1,909
C £3,450
D £5,359
LO 1d, 3c
3 Enigma pic has reduced its allowance for receivables by £600.

Indicate whether each of the following statements are true o r false.
The reduction in the allowance for receivables will increase gross profit b y £600.
A True
B False
The reduction in the allowance for receivables will increase net profit by £600.
C True
D False
LO2a
4 Disaster pic's trial balance shows trade receivables of £50,000. However, n o adjustment has been made for the following
items.
(1) £3,250 from Crispin Ltd which has gone into liquidation. The amount is considered irrecoverable.
(2) A n increase in the allowance for receivables of £2,000.
(3) Cash received from Chaos Ltd of £2,500 which had previously been written off.
Requirement
What is the trade receivables account balance after posting the above adjustments?
A £50,500
B £50,200
C £46,750
D £49,250
LO 1d, 3c
5 At 28 February 20X4, a company's allowance for receivables was £38,000. At 28 February 20X5 it was decided to write off
£28,500 of receivables and to increase the allowance for the remaining receivables to £42,000.
Requirement
What is the irrecoverable debts expense in the statement of profit o r loss for the year e n d e d 28 February 20X5?
A £42,000
B £28,500
C £70,500
D £32,500
LO 1d
6 Arrow pic had a receivables balance of £7,050 at 31 December 20X0. During the year £500 was received in respect of a
debt previously written off, a n d an allowance for receivables of £495 was considered necessary at the year end. The
allowance brought down as at 1 January 20X0 was £1,000.
Requirement
What is the amount of irrecoverable debts for inclusion i n the statement of profit o r loss for the year ended 31 Decern ber
20X0?
A debit £5
B debit £1,005
C credit £5
D credit £1,005
LO 1d, 3c
7 During 20X5 Bow pic received £500 from a customer in respect of a balance that had previously been written off, and
reduced its allowance for receivables to £100. The allowance brought d o w n as at 1 January 20X5 was £1,000. At the year
e n d the debt of £280 relating to a customer who has entered administration needs to b e written off.
Requirement
What is the amount of irrecoverable debts for inclusion in the statement of profit o r loss for the year ended 31 December
20X5?
A £880 d e b i t
B £780 d e b i t
C £1,120 credit
D £1,300 credit
LO 3c
8 At 31 December 20X2 a company's trade receivables totalled £400,000 and an allowance for receivables of £50,000 had
been brought forward from the year e n d e d 31 December 20X1 .
It was decided to write off debts totalling £38,000 and to adjust the allowance for receivables to £36,200.
Requirement
What is the irrecoverable debts expense that should appear in the company's statement of profit or loss for the year
e n d e d 31 December 20X2?
A £36,200
B £51,800
C £38,000
D £24,200
LO 3c
9 At 1 July 20X2 the receivables allowance of Quaint pic was £18,000.

During the year e n d e d 30 June 20X3 debts totalling £14,600 were written off, It was decided that the receivables
allowance should b e £16,000 as at 3 0 June 20X3.
Requirement
What amount should appear in Quaint pic's statement of profit o r loss for irrecoverable debts expense for the year e n d e d
30 June 20X3?
A £12,600
B £14,600
C £16,600
D £30,600
LO 3c
1 0 At 1 May trade receivables were £31,475. During May, sales of £125,000 were made o n credit. Receipts from credit
customers amounted to £122,500 a n d settlement discounts of £550 that were not expected to b e taken at the date of
invoice were taken by credit customers. Credit notes of £1,300 were issued to customers.
Requirement
What is the closing trade receivables balance at 31 May?
A £34,725
B £33,225
C £32,125
D £35,825
LO I d
11 Panther pic had an allowance for receivables at 1 July 20X1 of £450. Panther pic wants to write off a receivables balance of
£800 as irrecoverable and increase the allowance for receivables to £2,965.
Requirement
As well as crediting trade receivables with £800, what other entries must be made to record the required adjustments in
Panther pic's accounting records?
A Debit: Irrecoverable debts expense £3,315; Credit: Allowance for receivables £2,51 5
B Debit: Allowance for receivables £2,51 5; Credit: Irrecoverable debts expense £3,31 5
C Debit: Irrecoverable debts expense £3,765; Credit: Allowance for receivables £2,965
D Debit: Allowance for receivables £2,965; Credit: Irrecoverable debts expense £3,765
LO 1d, 3c
LkJ I (J, J C
12 The following trade receivables account has been prepared by an inexperienced bookkeeper and may contain errors of
principle.
TRADE RECEIVABLES
£ £
20X3 20X3
1 Jan Balance 284,680 31 Dec Cash at bank 179,790
31 Dec Sales 194,040 Contras with trade payables 800
Discounts given to
customers 3,660
Irrecoverable debts expense 1,800 Balance 303,590
484,180 484,180
An outstanding debt of £4,920 at 31 December 20X3 is to b e written off.
Requirement
What is the amount of trade receivables that should appear o n the statement of financial position at 31 December 20X3?
A £289,350
B £291,350
C £287,750
D £297,590
LO 1d, 3c
13 At 30 June 20X4 a company's allowance for receivables was £39,000. At 30 June 20X5 trade receivables totalled
£517,000. It was decided to write off debts totalling £37,000 and to adjust the allowance for receivables to £24,000.
Requirement
What figure should appear in the statement of profit or loss for irrecoverable debts expense for the year ended 30 June
20X5? “
A £52,000
B £22,000
C £37,000
D £23,850
LO 3c
1 4 At 1 January 20X5 a company had an allowance for receivables of £18,000.

At 31 December 20X5 the company's trade receivables were £458,000.
It was decided:
(1) to write off debts totalling £28,000 as irrecoverable; a n d
(2) to adjust the al Iowa nee for receivables to £2 1 ,500.
Requirement
What amount for irrecoverable debts should b e charged in the company's statement of profit or loss for the year e n d e d
31 December 20X5?
A £49,500
B £31,500
C £32,900
D £50,900
LO 3c
15 At 1 July 20X5 a company's allowance for receivables was £48,000.
At 30 June 20X6, receivables amounted to £838,000. It was decided to write off £72,000 of these debts and adjust the
allowance for receivables to £60,000.
Requirement
What are the final amounts for inclusion i n the company's statement of financial position at 30 June 20X6?
A Receivables: £838,000; Allowance for receivables: £60,000; Net balance: £778,000
B Receivables: £766,000; Allowance for receivables: £60,000; Net balance: £706,000
C Receivables: £766,000; Allowance for receivables: £108,000; Net balance: £658,000
D Receivables: £838,000; Allowance for receivables: £108,000; Net balance: £730,000
LO 3c
16 The following issues arose while Atkins Ltd was preparing its financial statements for the year to 31 December 20X2.
(1) £350 was received in December 20X2 in respect of a d e b t which had been written off in the previous year. The
receipt was correctly included in the cash at bank account, b u t the computerised accounting system was unable to
match this transaction and posted the other side of the entry to a suspense account.
(2) The directors determined that that the allowance for receivables should be reduced from £900 to £800 at the year
end.
Requirement
What journal entries should Atkins Ltd post to account for the above issues?
A Debit Irrecoverable debts expense £450, Credit Suspense £350, Credit Allowance for receivables £100
B Debit Allowance for receivables £800, Credit Suspense £350, Credit Irrecoverable debts expense £450
C Debit Irrecoverable debts expense £450, Debit Suspense £350, Credit Allowance for receivables £800
D Debit Allowance for receivables £100, Debit Suspense £350, Credit Irrecoverable debts expense £450
LO 1d, 2 d
17 If Poppy pic reduces its allowance for receivables by £300, which of the following statements is correct?
A Current assets decrease by £300
B Current liabilities decrease by £300
C Gross profit increases by £300
D Net profit increases by £300
LO 2a, 3c
18 At 31 December 20X4 a company's trade receivables totalled £864,000 and the allowance for receivables was £48,000.
It was decided that debts totalling £13,000 were to be written off, and the allowance for receivables adjusted to £42,550.
Requirement
Which of the following journal entries would correctly record these adjustments?
A Debit: Irrecoverable debts expense £1 8,450; Credit: Allowance for receivables £1 8,450
B Debit: Irrecoverable debts expense £7,550; Debit: Allowance for receivables £5,450; Credit: Trade receivables
£13,000
C Debit: Irrecoverable debts expense £7,550; Credit Allowance for receivables £7,550
D Debit: Irrecoverable debts expense £55,550; Credit Allowance for receivables £42,550; Credit: Trade receivables
£13,000
LO 3c
I_<7 J C
19 A business has extracted its initial trial balance as at 31 December 20X7 as follows:
Trial balance (extract) Trial balance

Debit Credit
£ £
Allowance for receivables at 1 January 20X7 20,300
A balance of £2,400 is to be written off as irrecoverable and the allowance for receivables is to be £21,955.
Requirement
What is the net trade receivables balance to be presented in the statement of financial position at 31 December 20X7?
A £417,145
B £396,845
C £419,545
D £421,945
LO 2c
20 At 1 January 20X1 Urb pic received £3,000 in full settlement of a debt that had previously been written off.
At 31 December 20X1 Urb pic determined that a balance of £3,600 owed by a customer was irrecoverable and should be
written off.
Urb pic also decided to decrease its allowance for receivables from £2,200 to £1,500 on 31 December 20X1.
Requirement
What is the amount of irrecoverable debts for inclusion in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended
31 December 20X1?
A £1,300 debit
B £1,300 credit
C £100 debit
D £100 credit
LO 3c
21 At its year end of 28 February 20X6 Stope pic has in its accounting records a figure for trade receivables of £47,533, and
an allowance for receivables of £500 at 28 February 20X5.
One customer. Invincible pic, has experienced financial difficulties and has now gone into administration. Its balance of
£10,380 at 28 February 20X6 is deemed to be irrecoverable and should be written off.
The directors of Stope pic also wish to increase the allowance for receivables to £850.
Requirement
What will Stope pic record in its accounting records as at 28 February 20X6 in respect of the above transactions?
A Allowance for receivables of £850 and a charge in respect of irrecoverable debts of £10,380
B Allowance for receivables of £1,350 and a charge in respect of irrecoverable debts of £10,730
C Allowance for receivables of £1,350 and a charge in respect of irrecoverable debts of £10,380
D Allowance for receivables of £850 and a charge in respect of irrecoverable debts of £10,730
LO 3c
22 M o o n pic's initial trial balance as at 31 October 20X1 has been extracted and shows the following:
Trial balance (extract) Trial balance
DEBIT CREDIT
£ £
Allowance for receivables as at 1 November 20X0 6,546
As at 31 October 20X1 Grundle Ltd's balance owed to M o o n pic of £1,860 is irrecoverable. It is also decided that the
allowance for receivables should b e increased to £8,420.
Requirement
What amount should M o o n pic include as its net trade receivables figure in the statement of financial position as at 31
October 20X1 ?
A £235,024
B £241,480
C £243,340
D £236,794
LO 3c
23 Meridi pic has an allowance for receivables of £500 o n 1 July 20X7. During the year to 30 June 20X8 the following events
take place:
(1) A cheque for £92 was recorded and correctly banked but was returned unpaid o n 2 9 June 20X8. No entries have yet
been made for this return. The directors wish to write the d e b t off as irrecoverable.
(2) A n allowance for receivables of £475 is required at the year end.
(3) A cheque received for £58 in respect of an amount written off in January 20X7 was recorded i n the cash at bank
account b u t the suspense account was used to record the other side of the transaction.
Requirement
What is the journal entry required to account for the above issues?
A Debit Cash at bank £92, Credit Suspense £58, Credit Irrecoverable debts expense £9, Credit Allowance for
receivables £25
B Debit Suspense £58, Debit Receivables £92, Credit Irrecoverable debts expense £33, Credit Cash at bank £92, Credit
Allowance for receivables £25
C Debit Suspense £58, Debit Irrecoverable debts expense £67, Debit Allowance for receivables £25, Credit Cash at
bank £92, Credit Receivables £58
D Debit Suspense £58, Debit Irrecoverable debts expense £9, Debit Allowance for receivables £25, Credit Cash at bank
£92
LO 11d, 2 d
1 At 30 September 20X4, Mathieson pic's allowance for receivables was £19,500. At 30 September 20X5 it was decided to
write off irrecoverable debts totalling £6,000 and to decrease the allowance for the remaining receivables to £1 5,000.
Requirement
What is the adjustment to the statement of profit or loss in respect of irrecoverable debts for the year ended 30
September 20X5?
A £1,500 credit
B £1,500 debit
C £21,000 debit
D £21,000 credit
LO 1d
2 At 30 June 20X1 Cameron pic has decided to write off two debts of £1,300 and £2,1 50 respectively and to make an
allowance of £6,631 against the remaining trade receivables balance. The balance o n the allowance at 1 July 20X0 was
£8,540.
Requirement
What is Cameron pic's irrecoverable debts expense for the year to 30 June 20X1 ?
A £1,541
B £1,909
C £3,450
D £5,359
LO 1d, 3c
3 Enigma pic has reduced its allowance for receivables by £600.

Indicate whether each of the following statements are true o r false.
The reduction in the allowance for receivables will increase gross profit b y £600.
A True
B False
The reduction in the allowance for receivables will increase net profit by £600.
C True
D False
LO 2a
9 Accruals a n d prepayments
1 A business preparing its financial statements for the year to 31 October pays rent quarterly in advance o n 1 January, 1
April, 1 July and 1 October each year. The annual rent was increased from £48,000 to £60,000 from 1 March 20X4.
Requirement
What amount should appear for rent in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 October 20X4 and in the
statement of financial position as at that date?
A Statement of profit o r loss: £56,000; Statement of financial position: £1 0,000
B Statement of profit o r loss: £52,000; Statement of financial position: £5,000
C Statement of profit o r loss: £56,000; Statement of financial position: £5,000
D Statement of profit o r loss: £55,000; Statement of financial position: £1 0,000
LO 1d, 3c
2 A business has received telephone bills as follows:
Date received Amount of bill Date paid
Quarter to 30 November 20X0 December 20X0 739.20 January 20X1
Quarter to 2 8 February 20X1 March 20X1 798.00 April 20X1
Quarter to 31 May 20X1 June 20X1 898.80 June 20X1
Quarter to 31 August 20X1 September 20X1 814.80 October 20X1
Quarter to 30 November 20X1 December 20X1 840.00 January 20X2
Quarter to 2 8 February 20X2 March 20X2 966.00 March 20X2
Requirement
What amount of telephone expenses should be included in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended
31 December 20X1?
A £3,407.60
B £3,351.60
C £3,250.80
D £3,463.60
LO 1d, 3c
3 A company receives rental income from a large number of properties. The total cash received in the year e n d e d 31
October 20X6 was £481,200.
The following are the amounts of rental income received in advance and in arrears at 31 October 20X5 and 20X6.
31 October 20X5 31 October 20X6
£ £
Rental income received in advance 28,700 31,200
Rental income received in arrears 21,200 1 8,400
Requirement
What amount of rental income should b e included in the company's statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31
October 20X6?
A £486,500
B £460,900
C £501,500
D £475,900
LO 1d, 3c
4 An insurance expense prepayment of £960 was treated as an accrual in a sole trader's statement of profit o r loss at the
year end. As a result, the profit was:
A understated by £960
B understated by £1,920
C overstated by £1,920
D overstated by £960
LO 1d, 3c
5 In the year ended 31 December 20X4 B Ltd received cash of £31 8,600 from subscribers to its website in respect of fitness
classes B Ltd provides through its website.
Details of subscriptions i n advance and in arrears at the beginning and end of 20X4 are as follows:
3 1 December 20X4 3 1 December 20X3
£ £
Subscriptions received in advance 28,400 24,600
Subscriptionsowing 18,300 16,900
All subscriptions owing were subsequently received.

Requirement
What figure for subscriptions income should be included in the statement of profit o r loss of B Ltd for 20X4?
A £321,000
B £336,400
C £300,800
D £316,200
LO 1d, 3c
o A company receives rental income for subletting part of its office block.
Rental income, receivable quarterly in advance, is received as follows:
Date of receipt Period covered £
1 October 20X1 3 months to 31 December 20X1 7,500

30 December 20X1 3 months to 31 March 20X2 7,500
4 April 20X2 3 months to 30 June 20X2 9,000
1 July 20X2 3 months to 30 September 20X2 9,000
1 October 20X2 3 months to 31 December 20X2 9,000
Requirement
What figures, based on these receipts, should be included in the company's financial statements for the year ended 30
November 20X2?
A Statement of profit or loss: £33,500 Debit; Statement of financial position: Accrued income (Debit) £6,000
B Statement of profit or loss: £33,500 Credit; Statement of financial position: Deferred income (Credit) £6,000
C Statement of profit or loss: £34,000 Credit; Statement of financial position: Deferred income (Credit) £3,000
D Statement of profit or loss: £34,000 Credit; Statement of financial position: Accrued income (Debit) £3,000
LO 1d, 3c
7 During 20X4, Bibi, a sole trader, paid a total of £60,000 for insurance, covering the period from 1 October 20X3 to
31 March 20X5.
Requirement
What amounts in respect of insurance should be included in the financial statements for the year ended 31 December
20X4?
A Statement of profit or loss: £40,000; Statement of financial position: £10,000 Prepayment
B Statement of profit or loss: £40,000; Statement of financial position: £15,000 Prepayment
C Statement of profit or loss: £50,000; Statement of financial position: £10,000 Accrual
D Statement of profit or loss: £50,000; Statement of financial position: £15,000 Accrual
LO 1d, 3c
8 A company pays website fees which cover website hosting, content management and website security quarterly in arrears
on 1 January,1 April, 1 July and 1 October each year. The website fees were increased from £9,000 per year to £12,000
per year as from 1 October 20X2.
Requirement
What website expenses and accrual should be included in the company's financial statements for the year ended 31
January 20X3?
A Website expenses: £10,000; Accrual: £2,000
B Website expenses: £10,000; Accrual: £1,000
C Website expenses: £9,750; Accrual: £1,000
D Website expenses: £9,750; Accrual: £2,000
LO 1d, 3c
9 A company owns a number of properties which are rented to tenants. The following information is available for the year
e n d e d 30 June 20X6:
Rental income in advance Rental income in arrears
£ £
30 June 20X5 1 34.600 4, 800
30 June 20X6 144,400 8,700
Cash received from tenants in the year e n d e d 30 June 20X6 was £834,600.
All rental income i n arrears was subsequently received.
Requirement
What amount should appear in the company's statement of profit or loss for rent receivable in the year e n d e d 30 June
20X6?
A £840,500
B £1,100,100
C £569,100
D £828,700
LO 1d, 3c
10 A company has sublet part of its offices. The rent receivable in the year e n d e d 31 November 20X3 was:
Until 30 June 20X3 £8,400 per year
From 1 July 20X3 £12,000 per year
Rent was received quarterly in advance o n 1 January, April, July, and October each year.
Requirement
What amounts should appear in the company's financial statements for the year ended 30 November 20X3?
A Statement of profit o r loss: £9,900; Statement of financial position: £2,000 in other payables
B Statement of profit o r loss: £9,900; Statement of financial position: £1,000 in other payables
C Statement of profit o r loss: £9,600; Statement of financial position: £1,000 in other payables
D Statement of profit o r loss: £9,600; Statement of financial position: £2,000 in other receivables
LO 1d, 3c
11 A business preparing its financial statements for the year to 31 July each year pays its buildings insurance quarterly in
advance o n 1 January, 1 April, 1 July and 1 October each year. The annual insurance was increased from £60,000 per year
to £72,000 per year as from 1 October 20X3.
Requirement
What amount should b e included as the insurance expense in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 July
20X4?
A £69,000
B £62,000
C £70,000
D £63,000
LO 1d, 3c
12 At 1 July 20X4 a company had prepaid insurance of £8,200. O n 1 January 20X5 the company paid £38,000 for insurance
for the year to 30 September 20X5.
Requirement
What amounts should be included for insurance in the company's financial statements for the year ended 30 June 20X5?
A Statement of profit or loss: £45r 200; Statement of financial position: Prepayment £0
B Statement of profit or loss: £39,300; Statement of financial position: Prepayment £9,500
C Statement of profit or loss: £36,700; Statement of financial position: Prepayment £9,500
D Statement of profit or loss: £39,300; Statement of financial position: Prepayment £0
LO 1d, 3c
13 A company sublets part of its office accommodation. In the year ended 30 June 20X5 cash received from tenants was
£83,700.
Details of rental income in arrears and in advance at the beginning and end of the year were:
Rental income in arrears Rental income in advance

£ £
30 June 20X4 3,800 2,400
30 June 20X5 4,700 3,000
All arrears of rent were subsequently received.
Requirement
What amount for rental income should be included in the company's statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30
June 20X5?
A £84,000
B £83,400
C £80,600
D £86,800
LO 1d, 3c
1 4 Details of a company's insurance policy are shown below:
Premium for year ended 31 March 20X6 paid April 20X5 £10,800
Premium for year ending 31 March 20X7 paid April 20X6 £12,000
Requirement
What amounts relating to insurance should be included in the company's financial statements for the year ended
30 June 20X6?
A Statement of profit or loss: £11,100; Statement of financial position: £9,000 prepayment (Debit)
B Statement of profit or loss: £11,700; Statement of financial position: £9,000 prepayment (Debit)
C Statement of profit or loss: £11,100; Statement of financial position: £9,000 accrual (Credit)
D Statement of profit or loss: £11,700; Statement of financial position: £9,000 accrual (Credit)
LO 1d, 3c
15 Usherwood Ltd has a year e n d of 3 0 September 20X6. O n 1 January 20X6 Usherwood Ltd took o u t a loan of £100,000
with annual interest of 12%. The interest is payable in equal instalments o n the first day of April, July, October a n d January
in arrears.
Requirement
In respect of interest, what amount should Usherwood Ltd charge to the statement of profit o r loss for the year e n d e d
30 September 20X6, and what amount should be accrued o n the statement of financial position as at that date?
A Statement of profit o r loss: £12,000; Statement of financial position: £3,000
B Statement of profit o r loss: £9,000; Statement of financial position: £3,000
C Statement of profit o r loss: £9,000; Statement of financial position: £0
D Statement of profit o r loss: £6,000; Statement of financial position: £3,000
LO 1d, 3c
16 A business sublets part of its office accommodation.

The rent is received quarterly in advance o n 1 January, 1 April, 1 July and 1 October. The annual rent has been £24,000 for
some years, but it was increased to £30,000 from 1 July 20X5.
Requirement
What amounts for this rent should appear in the company's financial statements for the year ended 31 January 20X6?
A Statement of profit o r loss: £27,500; Statement of financial position: £5,000 accrued income
B Statement of profit o r loss: £27,000; Statement of financial position: £2,500 accrued income
C Statement of profit o r loss: £27,000; Statement of financial position: £2,500 deferred income
D Statement of profit o r loss: £27,500; Statement of financial position: £5,000 deferred income
LO I d , 3c
17 The electricity account for the year ended 30 June 20X1 was as follows.
Opening balance for electricity accrued at 1 July 20X0 300
Payments made during the year
1 August 20X0 for three months to 31 July 20X0 600

1 November 20X0 for three months to 31 October 20X0 720
1 February 20X1 for three months to 31 January 20X1 900
30 June 20X1 for three months to 30 April 20X1 840
O n 1 August 20X1 a payment of £840 was made for the three months ended 31 July 20X1.
Requirement
What is the charge for electricity that should b e included in the statement of profit o r loss for the year ended 30 June
20X1?
A £3,060
B £3,320
C £3,360
D £3,620
LO 1d, 3c
1 8 The year-end of Murphy pic is 30 November 20X1 . The company pays for its gas by a standing order of £600 per month. It
had an opening accrual of £400 and a closing accrual of £500.
Requirement
What is the correct charge for gas to b e included in Murphy pic's statement of profit or loss for the year ended
30 November 20X1?
A £7,700
B £7,100
C £7,200
D £7,300
LO I d , 3c
1 9 At 31 December 20X8 Blue Anchor pic has an insurance prepayment of £250. During 20X9 it pays £800 in respect of
various insurance contracts. The closing accrual for insurance is £90.
Requirement
What is the charge for insurance that should b e included in the statement of profit o r loss for the year ended 31
December 20X9?
A £460
B £800
C £960
D £1,140
LO I d , 3c
2 0 At 31 March 20X7, accrued rent payable was £300. During the year e n d e d 31 March 20X8, rent paid was £4,000,
including an invoice for £1,200 for the quarter e n d e d 30 April 20X8.
Requirement
What is the statement of profit o r loss charge for rent payable for the year ended 31 March 20X8?
A £3,300
B £3,900
C £4,100
D £4,700
LO 1d, 3c
21 Constains pic has an insurance prepayment of £320 at 31 March 20X2. During the year e n d e d 31 March 20X2 Constains
pic paid two insurance bills, one for £1,300 and one for £520.
Requirement
What was the insurance prepayment at 31 March 20X1 if the charge for insurance for the year was £1,760?
A £200
B £260
£320
D £380
LO 1d, 3c
22 The annual insurance premium for Boost Ltd for the period 1 July 20X6 to 30 June 20X7 is £1 3,200, which is 1 0% more
than the previous year. Insurance premiums are paid o n 1 July.
Requirement
What is the statement of profit o r loss charge for insurance for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X6?
A £12,000
B £12,600
C £13,200
D £14,520
LO 1d, 3c
23 A gas accrual for £400 at the year-end was treated as a prepayment in a business's statement of profit o r loss.
Requirement
As a result, the profit was:
B overstated by £400
C understated by £800
LO 2a
2 4 At 31 December 20X2 the following matters require inclusion i n a company's financial statements:
(1) O n 1 January 20X2 the company made a loan of £1 2,000 to an employee, repayable o n 30 April 20X3, charging
interest at 2% per year. O n the due date she repaid the loan and paid the whole of the interest due o n the loan to that
date.
(2) The company has paid insurance £9,000 in 20X2, covering the year ending 31 August 20X3.
(3) In January 20X3 the company received rent from a tenant £4,000 covering the six months to 31 December 20X2.
Requirement
For these items, what total amounts should be included i n the company's statement of financial position at 31 December
20X2?
A Current assets: £22,000; Current liabilities: £240
B Current assets: £22,240; Current liabilities: £ 0
C Current assets: £10,240; Current liabilities: £ 0
D Current assets: £16,240; Current liabilities: £6,000
LO 1d, 3c
25 Whilst reviewing the trial balance f o r a business it was determined that an accrual for electricity was required for £300 and
that there was a prepayment of insurance of £800.
Requirement
What four entries are required to adjust the initial trial balance?
A Debit electricity: £300
B Debit insurance: £800
C Credit electricity: £300
D Credit insurance: £800
E Debit accruals: £300
F Credit accruals: £300
G Debit prepayments: £800
H Credit prepayments: £800
LO 1d
26 A business has a n accrual for electricity at 1 January 20X7 of £21 5 and has paid electricity bills of £3,420 during the year
to 31 December 20X7. At 31 December 20X7 there is an accrual for electricity of £310.
Requirement
What is the electricity charge to b e included in the statement of profit or loss for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X7?
A £2,895
B £3,325
C £3,515
D £3,945
LO I d , 3c
27 A business has paid £10,400 of insurance premiums during the year e n d e d 31 March 20X7. At 1 April 20X6 there was an
insurance prepayment of £800 and at 31 March 20X7 there was a prepayment of £920.
Requirement
What is the insurance charge in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 March 20X7?
A £8,680
B £10,280
C £10,400
D £10,520
LO I d , 3c
28 Wright & Co's year end is 31 August 20X4. The company provides VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) services to its
remote workers. VoIP costs of £120 were paid o n 31 July 20X4 for the two months from that date. This amount was
included i n the accounting records by debiting the communication expenses account and crediting the cash at bank
account.
Requirement
Which two of the following entries of £60 should Wright & C o make at the year-end in relation to this expense?
A Debit the communication expenses account
B Debit the prepayments account
C Debit the accruals account
D Credit the accruals account
E Credit the prepayments account
F Credit the communication expenses account
LO 1 d
2 9 Krim Ltd owns a small grocery store chain and incurred food waste disposal costs of £6,495 o n 31 May 20X7 in respect of
the three months ending 31 August 20X7.
Requirement
What adjustment must Krim Ltd make to the administrative expenses ledger account for the year e n d e d 30 June 20X7?
A debit £2,165
B credit £2,165
C debit £4,330
D credit £4,330
LO I d
3 0 Jeremiah pic is a newsagent business and is preparing its financial statements for the year e n d e d 31 August 20X8. There
are three outstanding matters that the company has not yet accounted for.
(1) A subscription of £240 for the year ending 31 January 20X9, paid and accounted for by Jeremiah pic o n 1 July 20X8.
(2) Advance payments (deposits) of £75 recorded as received from customers i n respect of magazines o n order b u t not
yet delivered to the customers at the year end.
(3) A n unpaid property tax demand for the six months to 30 September 20X8 for £5,400.
Requirement
Which three of the following balances will appear i n Jeremiah pic's statement of financial position as at 31 August 20X8?
A Deferred income £75
B Accrued income £75
C Prepayment £ 1 00
D Accrual £4,500
E Accrual £900
F Prepayment £140
LO 1d, 3b, 3c
31 Minoto pic is preparing its financial statements as at 31 December 20X4. Its ledger account balance for rental income
includes £9,870 rent received in respect of the year e n d e d 31 December 20X3.
Requirement
Minoto pic should enter a journal with two entries of £9,870 as:
A a d e b i t entry to the rental income account
B a d e b i t entry to the deferred income (liability) account
C a d e b i t entry to the accrued income (asset) account
D a credit entry to the rental income account
E a credit entry to the deferred income (liability) account
F a credit entry to the accrued income (asset) account
LO 1d,2c, 3 b
32 As at 30 November 20X4 Whitley pic had accrued distribution costs of £5,01 9 and prepaid distribution costs of £2,81 6.
O n 1 December 20X4 the bookkeeper processed the following opening journal:
Debit Prepayments £2,816, Debit Distribution costs £2,203, Credit Accruals £5,01 9.
During the year to 30 November 20X5 cash was paid in respect of distribution costs of £147,049 and was correctly posted
to the distribution costs account. At the year end, Whitley pic's bookkeeper correctly processed closing journals to set u p
an accrual of £4,423 a n d a prepayment of £3,324 in respect of distribution costs.
Requirement
Which of the following journals should Whitley pic process as at 30 November 20X5 to correct the three accounts?
A Debit Accruals £10,038, Credit Prepayments £5,632, Credit Distribution costs £4,406
B Debit Accruals £5,01 9, Credit Prepayments £2,81 6, Credit Distribution costs £2,203
C Debit Distribution costs £4,406, Debit Prepayments £5,632, Credit Accruals £10,038
D Debit Distribution costs £2,203, Debit Prepayments £2,816, Credit Accruals £5,01 9
LO 1d,2c, 3 b
33 Bez pic draws up its financial statements to 31 December in each year It pays internet server charges for each year ending
30 April in two equal instalments, o n 1 May and 1 November, in advance. It also pays telephone rental charges quarterly in
arrears at the e n d of February, April, July and November. The total internet server charge for the year to 30 April 20X6 was
£9,000. Telephone rental charges for the year commencing 1 July 20X5 were £7,440.
What was the prepayment for internet server charges included in Bez pic's statement of financial position at 31 December
20X5?
A £1,500
B £3,000
C £2,250
What was the accrual for telephone rental charges included i n Bez pic's statement of financial position at 31 December
20X5?
D £1,860
E £1,240
F £620
LO I d , 3b, 3c
3 4 Butters pic is finalising certain figures that will appear in its financial statements as at 30 June 20X5. O n 1 March 20X4 the
company paid an annual subscription to a trade association of £2 1,000 for the 12 months e n d e d 28 February 20X5. A
12.5% increase in this subscription is expected, but has not been finalised at 30 June 20X5.
Requirement
What will Butters include in its statement of financial position at 30 June 20X5 in respect of the subscription?
A an accrual of £1 5,750
B an accrual of £7,875
C a prepayment of £15,750
D a prepayment of £7,875
LO I d , 3b, 3c
35 Details of a company's insurance policy are shown below:

• Premium for year ending 31 March 20X7 paid April 20X6: £1 0,800
• Insurance costs are included within administrative expenses.
Requirement
What is the double entry to reverse the opening accrual o r prepayment in the year ended 30 June 20X7?
A Dr Ad m i ni strati ve expe nses: £8,1 00; Cr Prepayment: £8,1 00
B Dr Prepayments: £8,100; Cr Administrative expenses: £8,100
C Dr Administrative expenses: £2,700; Cr Accruals: £2,700
D Dr Accruals: £2,700; Cr Administrative expenses: £2,700
LO 1d,2c, 3 b
36 Alli Ltd owns a number of properties which are rented to tenants. Cash received from tenants i n the year e n d e d 30 June
20X6 was £834,600 which has been included as rental income in the year.
The following information is available for the year e n d e d 30 June 20X6:
Rent in advance Rent in arrears
£ £
30 June 20X6 144,600 8,700
All rent in arrears was subsequently received.
Requirement
What is the journal entry to adj ust Alli Ltd 's rental i ncome for the yea r ended 3 0 Ju ne 20X6?
A Debit Accrued income £144,600, Credit Deferred income £8,700, Credit Rental income £1 35,900
B Debit Accrued income £8,700, Debit Rental income £135,900, Credit Deferred income £144,600
C Debit Deferred income £144,600, Credit Accrued income £8,700, Credit Rental income £1 35,900
D Debit Deferred income £8,700, Debit Rental income £1 35,900, Credit Accrued income £144,600
LO I d , 2c, 3 b
37 Stripes Ltd is a food delivery service provider. It has paid marketing fees of £120,000 per annum to a social media
influencer to promote and market its delivery service. From 1 April 20X6 the marketing fee paid was increased to
£144,000 per year. The fee is paid to the influencer quarterly i n advance o n 1 January, 1 April, 1 July and 1 October each
yean
Requirement
What is the journal entry to transfer the balance o n the rent expense account to the profit a n d loss ledger when preparing
the financial statements for the year ended 30 November 20X6?
A Debit Profit and loss ledger account: £1 36,000; Credit Marketing expense: £1 36,000
B Debit Marketing expense: £1 36,000; Credit Profit a n d loss ledger account: £136,000
C Debit Marketing expense: £1 38,000; Credit Profit a n d loss ledger account: £138,000
D Debit Profit and loss ledger account: £138,000; Credit Marketing expense: £138,000
LO 1d,2c, 3 b
38 What is the journal entry for an accrua I of socia I med ia advertising expenses of £500?
A Debit Prepayments £500, Credit Advertising expense £500
B Debit Accruals £500, Credit Advertising expense £500
C Debit Advertising expense £500, Credit Accruals £500
D Debit Advertising expense £500, Credit Prepayments £500
LO 1d, 2c, 3 b
3 9 At 1 July 20X4 a company had prepaid insurance of £8,200. O n 1 January 20X5 the company paid £38,000 for insurance
for the year to 3 1 Decern ber 20X5.
Requirement
What is the journal entry to transfer the balance o n the insurance expense account to the profit a n d loss ledger account
for the year e n d e d 30 June 20X5?
A Debit Profit and loss ledger account £27,200, Credit Insurance expense £27,200
B Debit Insurance expense £27,200, Credit Profit a n d loss ledger account £27,200
C Debit Profit and loss ledger account £36,700, Credit Insurance expense £36,700
D Debit Insurance expense £36,700, Credit Profit and loss ledger account £37,600
LO 1d,2c, 3 b
1 0 Non-current assets a n d depreciation
1 Cataract pic purchases a new energy-efficient machine for which the supplier's list price is £28,000. Cataract pic pays
£23,000 in cash and trades in an o l d machine, which has a carrying amount of £8,000. It is the company's policy to
depreciate machines at the rate of 10% per annum on cost
Requirement
What is the carrying amount of the machine after one year?
A £18,000
B £25,200
C £20,700
D £22,200
LO I d
2 Demolition pic purchases a machine for £1 5,000 o n 1 January 20X1. After incurring transportation costs of £1,300 a n d
spending £2,500 o n installing the machine it breaks d o w n and costs £600 to repair. Depreciation is charged at 10% per
annum.
Requirement
At what carrying amount will the machine be presented i n Demolition pic's statement of financial position at 31 December
20X1?
A £13,500
B £14,670
C £16,920
D £18,800
LO 3c
3 A company buys a machine on 31 August 20X0 for £22,000. It has a useful life of seven years and a residual value of
£1,000. O n 30 June 20X4 the machine is sold for £9,000 cash which has been recorded correctly in the cash at bank
account, however the accounting system could not automatically match the transaction and a suspense account was
opened to record the other side of the transaction. The company's accounting policy is to charge depreciation monthly
using the straight-line method, with depreciation charged in the month of purchase but not the month of disposal.
Requirement
What journal entry is required to correctly record the disposal of the machine and to remove the suspense account?
A Debit Suspense account £9,000, Debit Accumulated depreciation £11,500, Debit Loss o n disposal £1,500, Credit
Machine cost £22,000
B Debit Suspense account £9,000, Debit Accumulated depreciation £11,750, Debit Loss o n disposal £1,250, Credit
C Debit Machine cost £22,000, Credit Suspense account £9,000, Credit Accumulated depreciation £11 ,500, Credit
Profit o n d isposal £ 1 ,500
D Debit Machine cost £22,000, Credit Suspense account £9,000, Credit Accumulated depreciation £11,750, Credit
Profit o n d isposal £ 1 ,250
LO I d
4 Desk pic purchased an electric deli very van o n 1 October 20X0 for a total cost of £22,000 by paying £17,500 cash and
trading i n an o l d van. The o l d van had cost £20,000 and the related accumulated depreciation was £14,200.
Requirement
The loss on disposal of the o l d van i n Deek pic's statement of profit o r loss for the year ended 31 December 20X0 is:
A £1,300
B £2,000
C £2,500
D £5,800
LO 3c
5 Vernon pic purchased new equipment o n 1 April 20X1 for £6,000. The scrap value of the new equipment in five years'
time has been assessed as £300. Vernon pic charges depreciation monthly o n the straight-line basis.
Requirement
What is the journal entry to record the depreciation charge for the equipment i n the year to 30 September 20X1?
A Debit Depreciation expense £570, Credit Accumulated depreciation £570
B Debit Accumulated depreciation £570, Credit Depreciation expense £570
C Debit Depreciation expense £600, Credit Accumulated depreciation £600
D Debit Accumulated depreciation £600, Credit Depreciation expense £600
LO 3c
6 An electric car has a list price of £23,500 b u t the garage gives Ride p i c a 10% trade discount. In settlement the garage
accepts payment of £1 8,000, together with an o l d company car.
Requirement
What is the amount to be capitalised by Ride pic in respect of the new car?
A £16,200
B £18,000
C £21,150
D £23,500
LO I d
7 A company purchased a car for £1 8,000 o n 1 January 20X0. The car was traded in o n 1 January 20X2 for a new hybrid car.
The new hybrid car has a list price of £30,000 and the garage offered a part-exchange allowance of £5,000. The company
provides depreciation o n cars using the reducing balance method at a rate of 25% per annum.
Requirement
What is the amount of the loss o n disposal that will be recognised in the statement of profit or loss for the year e n d e d 31
December 20X2?
A £5,125
B £8,500
C £10,125
D £11,175
LO 3c
8 What is the reasoning behind charging depreciation in historical cost accounting?
A To ensure funds are available for the eventual replacement of the asset
B To comply with the consistency concept
C To ensure the asset is included in the statement of financial position at the lower of costand net realisable value
D To match the cost of the non-current asset with the revenue that the asset generates
LO 1 d
9 Which of the following is excluded from the initial cost of a tangible non-current asset?
A Site preparation costs
B Legal fees
C Costs of a desig n error
D Installation costs
LO 1 d
1 0 Which of the following statements about intangible assets in public company financial statements are correct?
(1) Internally generated goodwill should not be capitalised.
(2) Goodwill arising on acquisition of a business should b e capitalised and subsequently amortised through the
statement of profit or loss.
(3) Development expenditure must be capitalised if certain conditions are met.
A 1 and 3 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1,2and3
LO 1d, 3c
11 Wove Ltd purchased a machine for £5,000 o n 1 January 20X1, when it had a useful life of four years and a residual value
of £1,000. Straight-line depreciation is to b e applied o n a monthly basis. O n 31 December 20X3, the machine was sold for
£1,600.
Requirement
The amount of profit o r loss on disposal is:
A profit of £600
B loss of £600
C profit of £350
D loss of £400
LO 3c
12 Prance pic purchased both a small fleet of buses and a licence to allow it to operate those buses for a six-year period from
1 January 20X1. The costs were as follows::
Cost 1,000,000
Licencefee 150, 000
Total 1,150,000
The business prepares its financial statements to 31 December each year. The buses were traded in for replacement bio-
fuel buses o n 1 January 20X4 at a n agreed value of £500,000. They have been depreciated at 25% per annum on the
reducing-balance method. The licence allows Prance pic to change the type of buses that it operates.
Requirement
What is the profit o r loss o n disposal of the buses for the year e n d e d December 20X4?
A £25,000 profit
B £78,125 profit
C £62,500 loss
D £250,000 loss
LO3c
13 The asset register showed a total carrying amount of £67,460. A non-current asset costing £1 5,000 had been sold for
£4,000, making a loss o n disposal of £1,250.
Requirement
The balance o n the asset register after accounting for the disposal is:
A £42,710
B £51,210
C £53,710
D £62,210
LO2b
1 4 O n 1 January 20X5 a company purchased some plant. The invoice showed:
Cost of plant 48,000

Delivery to factory 400
One-y ear warranty covering breakdown during 20X5 800
49,200
Modifications to the factory costing £2,200 were necessary to enable the plant to be installed.
Requirement
What amount should b e capitalised for the plant in the company's accounting records?
A £51,400
B £48,000
C £50,600
D £48,400
LO I d
15 A company's plant and machinery ledger account for the year ended 30 September 20X2 was as follows:
PLANT AND MACHINERY
£ £
Disposal account - cost of

1 Oct 20X1 Balance 381,200 1 Jun 20X2 asset sold 36,000
1 Dec 20X1 Cash - addition at cost 18,000 30 Sep 20X2 Balance 363,200
399,200 399,200
The company's policy is to charge depreciation at 20% per year o n the straight-line basis.
Requirement
What is the journal entry to record the depreciation charge i n the statement of profit or loss for the year e n d e d
30 September 20X2?
A Debit Accumulated depreciation £84,040, Credit Depreciation expense £84,040
B Debit Depreciation expense £84,040, Credit Accumulated depreciation £84,040
C Debit Accumulated depreciation £76,840, Credit Depreciation expense £76,840
D Debit Depreciation expense £76,840, Credit Accumulated depreciation £76,840
LO I d , 3c
1 6 The carrying amount of a company's non-current assets was £200,000 at 1 August 20X0. During the year ended 31 July
20X1, the company sold non-current assets for £25,000 o n which it made a loss of £5,000. The depreciation charge for the
year was £20,000.
Requirement
The carrying amount of non-current assets at 31 July 20X1 is:
A £150,000
B £175,000
C £180,000
D £195,000
LO 3c
17 A plant accou nt is shown below:

PLANT
£ £
Balance (plant purchased Disposal account - cost of

1 Jan 20X2 20X0) 380,000 1 Oct 20X2 plant sold 30,000
1 A p r 20X2 Cash - plant purchased 51,000 31 Dec 20X2 Balance 401,000
431,000 431,000
The company's policy is to charge depreciation o n plant monthly at 20% per year o n the straight-line basis.
Requirement
What should the company's plant depreciation charge b e in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended
31 December 20X2?
A £82,150
B £79,150
C £77,050
D £74,050
LO I d , 3c
18 A company's policy for depreciation of its plant and machinery is to charge depreciation monthly at 20% per year on cost.
The company's plant and machinery account for the year ended 30 September 20X4 is shown below:
PLANT AND MACHINERY
£ £
Balance (all plant

1 Oct 20X3 purchased after 20X0) 200,000 30 Jun 20X4 Disposal account 40,000
30 Sep 20X4 Balance 210,000
1 A p r 20X4 Cash purchase of plant 50,000
250,000 250,000
Requirement
What should b e the depreciation charge in the statement of profit or loss for plant and machinery (excluding any profit o r
loss o n the disposal) for the year ended 30 September 20X4?
A £43,000
B £51,000
C £42,000
D £45,000
LO 1d, 3c
1 9 Beta pic purchased plant and equipment o n 1 July 20X1 for £40,000. The scrap value of the plant at the end of itsten-year
useful life is £4,000. Beta pic's policy is to charge depreciation monthly o n the straight-line basis.
Requirement
The journal entry to record the depreciation charge o n the plant in Beta's statement of p r o f i l e r loss for year ending 30
September 20X1 should b e :
A Debit Depreciation expense £900; Credit Accumulated depreciation £900
B Debit Accumulated depreciation £900; Credit Depreciation expense £900
C Debit Depreciation expense £1,000; Credit Accumulated depreciation £1,000
D Debit Accumulated depreciation £1,000; Credit Depreciation expense £1,000
LO 1 d, 3c
2 0 Exe pic, which has a year e n d of 31 December, purchased a machine on 1 January 20X1 for £35,000. It was depreciated at
40% per annum o n the reducing balance basis. On 1 January 20X4 Exe pic part-exchanged this machine for a more
advanced model. It paid £30,000 and realised a profit o n disposal of £2,440.
Requirement
The price of the new machine was:
A £10,000
B £34,680
C £35,120
D £40,000
LO I d
21 Automat pic purchases a machine for which the supplier's list price is £1 8,000. Automat pic pays £13,000 in cash and
trades in an o l d machine which has a carrying amount of £8,000. It is the company's policy to depreciate such machinery
monthly at the rate of 1 0% per annum o n cost.
Requirement
The carrying amount of the new machine after one year is:
A £16,200
B £18,000
C £18,900
D £21,000
LO 1d, 3c
22 Beehive pic bought a car o n 1 January 20X7 for £1 0,000 a n d decided to depreciate i t at 30% per annum o n a reducing
balance basis. It was disposed of o n 1 January 20X9 for £6,000.
Requirement
The net effect o n the statement of profit o r loss for the year ended 31 December 20X9 is a credit of:
A £1,100
B £3,000
C £4,000
D £5,100
LO I d , 3c
23 Ben pic has a draft net profit for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X8 of £56,780 before accounting for the depreciation o n
a new machine. Ben pic purchased the machine for £120,000 o n 1 October 20X8. The useful life is four years with a
residual value of £4,000. Ben pic uses the straight-line method for depreciation a n d charges depreciation on a monthly
basis.
Requirement
The net profit after charging depreciation o n the machine for the year ended 31 December 20X8 is:
A £51,947
B £49,530
C £49,280
D £27,780
LO 1d, 3c
2 4 Sam pic's statement of profit o r loss for the year ended 31 December 20X4 showed a profit for the year of £83,600. It was
later found that £18,000 paid for the purchase of a van o n 1 January 20X4 had been debited to the motor expenses
account. It is the company's policy to depreciate vans at 25% per year o n the straight-line basis.
Requirement
What is the profit for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X4 after adjusting for this error?
A £106,100
B £70,100
C £97,100
D £101,600
LO2a
25 O n 1 January 20X4 Joffa pic purchased a new machine at a cost of £96,720. Delivery costs were £3,660 and internal
administration costs of £9,450 were incurred. At that time Joffa pic planned to replace the machine in five years, when it
would have no value, a n d to depreciate the machine o n a straight-line basis.
Joffa pic decides o n 1 January 20X6 that the machine only has one remaining year of useful life. There is no change to the
residual value at the e n d of its life.
Requirement
How much depreciation will b e charged in respect of this machine in Joffa pic's statement of profit o r loss for the year
A £58,032
B £60,228
C £65,898
D £33,460
LO I d , 3c
26 Stripes pic purchased new machinery o n 1 August 20X4 for £38,000. The scrap value of the machinery at the end of its six-
year useful life has been assessed as £2,000. Stripes pic's policy is to calculate depreciation monthly o n the straight-line
basis.
Requirement
The depreciation charge in Stripes pic's statement of profit or loss for year e n d e d 31 March 20X5 should be:
A £4,000
B £3,500
C £6,000
D £4,500
LO I d , 3c
27 O n 1 June 20X3 Spam pic purchased some plant at a price of £43,000. It cost £1,500 to transport the plant to Spam pic's
premises and set it up, plus £900 for a licence to operate it. The plant had a useful life of eightyears a n d a residual value
of £3,500. On 1 June 20X5 the directors of Spam pic decided to change the depreciation method to reducing balance, at
40%.
Requirement
What is the carrying amount of Spam pic's plant in its statement of financial position at 31 May 20X6?
A £20,025
B £20,280
C £20,550
D £20,955
LO 3c
28 O n 1 April 20X5 Herepath pic b o u g h t a Foxy car for £23,500. The company's depreciation policy for cars is 30% per
annum using the reducing balance method. On 1 April 20X7 the Foxy was part exchanged for a Vizgo car, which had a
purchase price of £28,200. Herepath pic made a payment to the seller for £19,350, i n final settlement.
Requirement
What was Herepath pic's profit or loss o n the disposal of the Foxy?
A £5,150 loss
B £7,835 profit
C £2,665 loss
D £6,250 loss
LO I d
2 9 Muncher pic includes profits and losses o n disposal of non-current assets in administrative expenses in its statement of
profit o r loss. Depreciation is charged o n fixtures and fittings at 20% using the reducing balance method. On 1 July 20X6
some fixtures that cost £4,000 o n 1 July 20X3 were sold for £1 50,
Requirement
In the administrative expenses account Muncher pic must:
A debit £1,450
B credit £1,450
C debit £1,898
D credit £1,898
LO 1d
3 0 Redruth pic began trading o n 1 April 20X3. The carrying amount of plant and equipment in Redruth pic's financial
statements as at 31 March 20X5 was £399,960. The cost of these assets was £614,500. O n 31 March 20X6 an asset costing
£11,500 was acquired. Depreciation is charged o n plant and equipment monthly at an annual rate of 25% straight-line.
There are n o residual values.
Requirement
The carrying amount of Redruth pic's plant and equipment in its statement of financial position at 31 March 20X6 is:
A £254,960
B £257,835
C £299,970
D £308,595
LO 3c
31 Morse pic has the following note to its statement of financial position relating to plant a n d machinery as at 31 May.
20X7 20X6
£ £
Cost 110,000 92,000
Accumulated depreciation 72,000 51,000
Carrying amount 38,000 41,000
During the year to 31 May 20X7, the following transactions occurred in relation to plant and machinery:
Additions: £39,000; Loss o n disposals: £2,000; Depreciation charge: £27,000
Requirement
What were the proceeds from disposals of plant and machinery received by Morse pic i n the year to 31 May 20X7?
A £7,000
B £8,000
C £13,000
D £17,000
LO 1d, 3a
32 Anaconda pic acquired a machine o n 31 March 20X4, its year end, for £196,600. It made a bank transfer to the seller
totalling £1 10,000 and traded in an o l d machine with a carrying amount at that date of £34,400. This machine had cost
£60,000. A further sum of £42,000 was then due to the supplier of the machine as the final payment
The entry made in the accounting records in respect of this transaction was to debit the suspense account with £1 52,000,
credit cash £110,000 and credit other payables £42,000.
Requirement
Which of the following journal entries is required to correctly reflect the purchase and disposal in Anaconda pic's
accounting records?
A Debit Machine - cost £196,600, Debit Machine - accumulated depreciation £34,400, Credit Disposal £79,000, Credit -
suspense £152,000
B Debit Machine - c o s t £136,600, Debit Machine - accumulated depreciation £34,400, Credit Disposal £19,000, Credit -
suspense £152,000
C Debit Machine - cost £1 96,600, Debit Machine - accumulated depreciation £25,600, Credit Disposal £70,200, Credit -
suspense £152,000
D Debit Machine - c o s t £136,600, Debit Machine - accumulated depreciation £25,600, Credit Disposal £10,200, Credit -
suspense £152,000
LO 2b, 2c
33 Gilbert pic acquired a new truck o n 1 July 20X4 for £99,900 including VAT at 20%. The company applies straight-line
depreciation to all vehicles at 20% per annum o n a monthly basis.
Requirement
What is the carrying amount of Gilbert pic's truck at 31 December 20X4?
A £89,910
B £83,250
C £66,600
D £74,925
LO 3c
3 4 Crocker pic, a retailer, depreciates all vehicles o n the straight-line basis monthly over five years. On 31 October 20X9
Crocker pic bought a car at a cost of £1 7,625 plus VAT, trading i n an o l d carthat had cost £16,800 including VAT o n 1 July
20X7. A payment of £13,500 was also made. VAT is at a rate of 20%.
Requirement
In respect of this disposal in its statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 20X9, Crocker pic will show a
loss of:
A £2,430
B £4,835
C £5,955
D £1,310
LO 1d, 3c
35 Plummet pic is preparing its statement of profit o r loss for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X4. O n the initial trial balance
at that date administrative expenses have a d e b i t balance of £684,000 before accounting for depreciation and
profits/losses o n disposal in respect of the company's computer equipment. At 31 December 20X3 Plummet pic had
computer equipment that cost £1,004,408, all of which had been purchased o n 1 January 20X2, and it had accumulated
depreciation of £697,600. A computer system costing £6,800 was sold o n 1 January 20X4 for £1,800. Computer
equipment is depreciated monthly o n a straight-line basis over four years.
Requirement
The amount to be disclosed as administrative expenses in Plummet pic’s statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31
December 20X4 is:
A £933,402
B £935,002
C £936,702
D £963,702
LO I d , 3c
36 Dukakis pic provides data analysis for medical research purposes. Dukakis pic has a server farm which has a carrying
amount at 1 April 20X2 of £1 50,000. O n that date, it upgraded some of its servers which had cost £24,000 o n 1 April 20X0
for new, faster servers which cost £34,600. Dukakis pic traded i n the o l d servers, transferring £18,000 to the seller's bank
account i n full settlement of the purchase. Dukakis pic depreciates computers at 40% per annum o n the reducing balance.
Requirement
What is the journal entry to record depreciation for the year ended 31 March 20X3 in respect of computers?
A Debit Accumulated depreciation £56,544, Credit Depreciation expense £56,544
B Debit Accumulated depreciation £70,384, Credit Depreciation expense £70,384
C Debit Depreciation expense £56,544, Credit Accumulated depreciation £56,544
LO 1d, 3c
37 The carrying amount of machinery has reduced by £10,000 following the disposal of one item of machinery.
Requirement
Which of the following statements relating to the disposal are correct?
A Disposal proceeds were £1 5,000 and the profit o n disposal was £5,000
B Disposal proceeds were £1 5,000 and the carrying amount of the machinery disposed of was £5,000
C Disposal proceeds were £1 5,000 and the loss o n disposal was £5,000
D Disposal proceeds were £5,000 and the carrying amount of the machinery disposed of was £5,000
LO 1d
38 Yvette p u rchased a plant o n 1 Jan uary 20X0 for £38,000. The pay me nt for the plant was correctly entered i n the cash at
bank account but was incorrectly entered o n the d e b i t side of the plant repairs account.
Yvette charges depreciation monthly o n the straight-line basis over five years and assumes no scrap value at the e n d of
the life of the asset.
Requirement
How will Yvette's profit for the year e n d e d 31 March 20X0 be affected by the error?
A Understated by £30,400
B Understated by £36,1 00
C Understated by £38,000
D Overstated by £1, 900
LO2a
3 9 Asha Ltd, a manufacturing company, receives an invoice o n 2 9 February 20X2 for work d o n e o n one of its machines.
£25,500 of the cost is actually for a machine upgrade, which will improve efficiency. The accounts department d o not
notice and charge the whole amount of the invoice to maintenance costs. Machinery is depreciated at 25% per annum o n
a straight-line basis, with a proportional charge i n the years of acquisition and disposal.
Requirement
By what amount will Asha Ltd's profit for the year to 3 0 June 20X2 b e understated?
A £19,125
B £25,500
C £23,375
D £21,250
LO2a
40 Whipper has a machine which cost £40,000 and has a carrying amount of £32,000 o n 1 April 20X7. It is being depreciated
at 20% per annum o n the reducing balance basis. O n 31 March 20X8, Whipper performed an impairment review and
determined that the fair value less disposal costs of the machine was £22,400 and the value in use was £21,000.
Requirement
What is the impairment loss in respect of the machine at 31 March 20X8?
A £17,600
B £1,600
C £4,600
D £3,200
LO1d
41 Dash has a property which cost £420,000 o n 1 April 20X4. It is being depreciated o n the straight-line basis over 2 0 years
to its residual value of £40,000. O n 31 March 20X9, Dash carried out an impairment review and has assessed that the
property had a fair value less disposal costs of £280,000 and a value i n use of £300,000.
Requirement
What is the impairment loss in respect of the property at 31 March 20X9?
A £15,000
B £25,000
C £45,000
D £80,000
LO 1 d
42 The directors of Ellen Ltd are considering whether any impairment has arisen in respect of its plant and machinery i n the
year e n d e d 31 March 20X2.
Requirement
Which of the following are indicators that an impairment of plant and machinery may have occurred:
(1) There have been technological advances which means the plant a n d machinery is not as efficient as that currently
available
(2) The market capitalisation of Ellen Ltd is above the value of its non-current assets
(3) The plant and machinery are being used to produce a new product which is generating more sales than the previous
product
A 1 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1 , 2 and 3
LO I d
43 Pattern Ltd is a website development company. It was established o n 1 January 20X5 and incurred costs relating to non-
current assets in its first year.
Requirement
Which of the following should b e capitalised as an intangible asset in the year ended 31 December 20X5?
A £22,000 relating to computer hardware for its developers
B £5,000 relating to office equipment
C £1 2,000 o n cables and servers
D £9,000 for a licence to use specia list design softwa re
LO 1 d
44 Manga Ltd purchased a licence o n 1 July 20X2 to allow it to fish in protected waters. Manga Ltd paid £1 80,000 for the
licence and incurred legal fees of £2,000 to secure the licence. General administrative costs of £3,800 were incurred by
Manga Ltd during the process of securing the licence. The licence allows Manga Ltd to fish f o r a period of six years
however, the directors only expect to fish i n the waters for five years.
Requirement
What is the carrying amount of the licence at 30 June 20X3?
A £151,667
B £154,833
C £145,600
D £148,640
LO1d
45 Cyan Ltd has capitalised development costs which were initially measured at their cost of £200,000 o n 1 June 20X3. The
capitalised development costs were originally expected to generate benefits for Cyan Ltd over four years. On 1 June
20X5, the directors of Cyan Ltd assessed that the market was still positive and expected the capitalised development costs
to continue to generate benefits for a further four years from that date.
Requirement
What is the carrying amount of the capitalised development costs at 31 May 20X6?
A £50,000
B £75,000
C £100,000
D £112,500
LO 1 d
46 A company acquires non-current assets for use in the business.

Requirement
Which of the following statements is true regarding such assets?
A All items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated
B Right-of-use assets are not depreciated
C When testing for impairment the recoverable amount is the lower of the fair value less costs of disposal and value in
use
D Development costs must be capitalised in the statement of financial position
M A company acquires non-current assets for use in the business.
Requirement
Which of the following statements is true?
A A company can choose to test an asset for impairment rather than depreciate it
B If a company leases an asset they will recognise a right-of-use asset and lease liability
C The depreciation method is decided when the asset is purchased and is never changed
D On disposal of a non-current asset any gain is recognised in revenue in the statement of profit o r loss
48 A company leases a floor of an office building for four years from 1 July 20X7. They correctly calculate a right-of-use asset
at a cost of £65,000.
Requirement
Which of the following statements is true in the financial statements as at 31 December 20X8?
A N o depreciation is charged as this is a leased asset
B Deprecation of £1 6,250 is recognised as an expense in the statement of profit o r loss
C The right-of-use asset is split between current and non-current assets based o n when the lease payments are made
D The carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is £32,500 in the statement of financial position
1 1 C o m p a n y financial statements
1 A company's share capital consists of 20,000 25p equity shares, all of which were issued a t a premium of 20%. The market
value of the shares is currently 7 0 p each.
Requirement
What is the balance o n the company's equity share capital account?
A £5,000
B £6,000
C £14,000
D £24,000
LO I d , 1e
2 Which of the following may appear as current liabilities in a company's statement of financial position?
(1) Loan due for repayment within one year
(2) Taxation
(3) Warranty provision
A 1 , 2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
LO 3 c
3 At 30 June 20X5 Meredith pic had the following balances:
£m
Equ ity shares of £ 1 each 100
Share premium 80
During the year ended 30 June 20X6, the following transactions took place:
1 September 20X5: A 1 for 2 bonus issue of equity shares, using the share premium.
1 January 20X6: A 2 for 5 rights issue at £1 .50 per share, taken u p fully paid.
Requirement
What are the balances o n each account at 30 June 20X6?
A Share capital £210 million, Share premium £110 million
B Share capital £210 million, Share premium £60 million
C Share capital £240 million, Share premium £30 million
D Share capital £240 million, Share premium £80 million
LO 1d, 1e, 3c
4 Klaxon pic issued, for cash, 1,000,000 50p shares at a premium of 3 0 p per share.
Requirement
Which of the following journals correctly records the share issue?
A Debit Share capital £500,000, Debit Share premium £300,000, Credit Cash at bank £800,000
B Debit Cash at bank £800,000, Credit Share capital £500,000, Credit Share premium £300,000
C Debit Cash at bank £1,300,000, Credit Share capital £1,000,000, Credit Share premium £300,000
D Debit Share capital £1,000,000, Debit Share premium £300,000, Credit Cash at bank £1,300,000
LO 1d, 1e, 2c
5 Sanders pic issued 50,000 equity shares of 2 5 p each at a premium of 50p per share. The cash received was correctly
recorded but the full amount was credited to the share capital account.
Requirement
Which of the following journals corrects this error?
A Debit Share premium £25,000, Credit Share capital £25,000
B Debit Share capital £25,000, Credit Share premium £25,000
C Debit Share capital £37,500, Credit Share premium £37,500
D Debit Share capital £25,000, Credit Cash at bank £25,000
LO 1d, 1e, 2c
6 Which of the following journals could be used to correctly record a bonus issue of shares?
A Debit Cash at bank, Credit Share capital
B Debit Share capital, Credit Share premium
C Debit Share premium, Credit Share capital
D Debit I n vestments, Credit Cash at ban k
LO 1e, 2c
7 At 31 December 20X1 the capital structure of a company was as follows:
100,000 equity shares of 50p each 50,000
Share premium 1 80,000
During 20X2 the company made a 1 for 2 bonus issue, using the share premium for the purpose, and later issued for cash
another 60,000 shares at 8 0 p per share.
Requirement
What is the company's capital structure at 31 December 20X2?
A Equity share capital £130,000, Share premium £173,000
B Equity share capital £105,000, Share premium £173,000
C Equity share capital £130,000, Share premium £137,000
D Equity share capital £105,000, Share premium £137,000
LO 1d, 1e
8 Evon pic issued 1,000,000 equity shares of 2 5 p each a t a price of £1 J O per share, all received in cash.
Requirement
Which of the following journals records the share issue?
A Debit Cash at bank £1,100,000, Credit Share capital £250,000, Credit Share premium £850,000
B Debit Share capital £250,000, Debit Share premium £850,000, Credit Cash at bank £1,100,000
C Debit Cash at bank £1 , 100,000, Credit Share capital £1,1 00,000
D Debit Cash at bank £1,100,000, Credit Share capital £250,000, Credit Retained earnings £850,000
LO 1d, 1e, 2c
9 In the year to 31 March 20X2 Kable pile had the following capital structure:
200,000 equity shares of 2 5 p each 50,000
Share premium 70,000
O n 1 5 March Kable pic paid an equity dividend of 1 5 p per share.
Requirement
What is the total dividend paid b y Kable pic?
A £7,500
B £30,000
£50,000
D £72,000
LO I d
1 0 Afua pic sells small electrical items. It has a year-end date of 31 December 20X7. On 28 December it accepted an order
from a credit customer for 1 00 toasters at a price of £35 per toaster. On 30 December, Afua pic dispatched 60 toasters to
the customer but, they were not received by the customer until 1 January 20X8. Afua pic remains responsible for the
goods until they are delivered to the customer. The remaining 40 toasters were dispatched o n 2 January 20X8 and were
received by the customer on 4 January 20X8.
Requirement
How much revenue should Afua pic recognise in respect of the sale of toasters in the year e n d e d 31 December 20X7?
A £3,500
B £2,100
C £1,400
D Nil
LO 3c
11 At 30 June 20X2 Brandon pic's capital structure was as follows:
500,000 equity shares of 2 5 p each 125,000
In the year ended 3 0 June 20X3 the company made a 1 for 2 rights issue at £1 per share a n d this was taken u p in full. Later
in the year the company made a 1 for 5 bonus issue, using the share premium for the purpose.
Requirement
What was Brandon pic's capital structure at 30 June 20X3?
A Equity share capital £450,000, Share premium £25,000
C Equity share capital £225,000, Share premium £325,000
D Equity share capital £212,500, Share premium £262,500
LO 1d, 3c
12 The retained earnings of Posti p l c a t 1 July 20X5 were £900,000. The retained earnings at 30 June 20X6 are £1,080,000.
The profit for the year is £455,000.
Requirement
What was the total dividend paid by Posti pic during the year?
A £180,000
B £275,000
C £445,000
D £635,000
LO I d
13 At 1 July 20X4 Xando pic's capital structure was as follows:
Share capital 1 ,000,000 shares of 5 0 p each 500,000
In the year ended 3 0 June 20X5 Xando pic made the following share issues:
1 January 20X5: A 1 for 4 bonus issue.
1 April 20X5: A 1 for 1 0 rights issue at £1 .50 per share.
Requirement
What will be the balances o n the company's share capital and share premium at 30 June 20X5 as a result of these issues?
A Share capital £687,500, Share premium £650,000
B Share capital £675,000, Share premium £375,000
C Share capital £687,500, Share premium £150,000
D Share capital £687,500, Share premium £400,000
LO 1d, 3c
1 4 A company has the following capital structure:
200, 000 shares of 2 5 p 50, 000
It makes a 1 for 5 rights issue at £1 .25, which is fully taken u p by the shareholders.
Requirement
What is the balance o n the share premium account following the rights issue?
A £35,000
B £75,000
C £85,000
D £115,000
LO I d , 3c
15 The equity section of the statement of financial position for Bowden Ltd as at 31 December 20X6 is as follows:
£'000
Equity
Share capital : eq u ity shares of 5 0 p each 5,000
Share premium 900
Retained earnings 6,300

Total equity 12,200
The company decides to make a 1 for 5 bonus issue of shares o n 3 0 June 20X7.
Requirement
What will be the balances o n the company's share capital and share premium at 30 June 20X7 as a result of these issues?
A Share capital £5,900,000, Share premium £nil
B Share capital £6,000,000, Share premium £niI
C Share capital £5,900,000, Share premium £900,000
D Share capital £4,100,000, Share premium £900,000
LO 1d, 1e
16 At 1 April 20X8 the share capital and share premium of a company were as follows:
Share capital - 300,000 equity shares of 25 p each 75,000
During the year ended 31 March 20X9 the following events took place:
(1) O n 1 October 20X8 the company made a 1 for 5 rights issue at £1 .20 per share.
(2) O n 1 January 20X9 the company made a 1 for 3 bonus issue using the share premium to d o so.
Requirement
What is the correct balance o n the share capital account at 31 March 20X9?
A £90,000
B £120,000
C £360,000
D £480,000
LO 1d, 3c
17 Layla pic is preparing its financial statements for the year ended 31 August 20X6. The initial trial balance shows the
following balances:
Prepayments at 1 September 20X5 1,012
Insura nee expense 3,400
Of the prepayments at 1 September 20X5, £450 related to insurance. At 31 August 20X6 prepayments will include £515
related to insurance.
Requirement
What amount will be included in Layla pic's statement of profit o r loss for the year e n d e d 31 August 20X6 in respect of
insurance expenses?
A £3,495
B £3,897
C £2,903
D £3,335
LO 1d, 3c
1 8 The retained earnings of Zippy pic at 1 January 20X8 were £926,450. The retained earnings at 31 December 20X8 are
£1,426,980. During the year. Zippy pic paid a dividend of £31 2,000 and made a bonus issue of 500,000 25p ordinary
shares from retained earnings.
Requirement
What is Zippy pic's profit for the year ended 31 December 20X8?
A £63,530
B £1,312,530
C £937,530
D £313,530
LO 1 d
1 9 Which of the following journal entries may b e accepted as being correct according to their narratives?
Option Debit Credit
£ £
1 Wages account 38,000
Purchases account 49,000
Buildings account 87,000
Labour and materials used in construction of extension to factory
2 Director A personal account 30,000
Director B personal account 40,000
Director's renumeration 70,000
Directors' bonuses transferred to their account
3 Sales 10,000
Correction of £10,000 received from credit customer recorded as cash sale
4 Trade receivables 2,000
Suspense account 2,000
Correction of misposting of discount received from supplier
A Option 1
B Option 2
C Option 3
D Option 4
LO I d , 2c
2 0 At 30 June 20X2 a company had £1 million 8% loan notes in issue, interest being paid half-yearly o n 30 June a n d 31
December.
O n 30 September 20X2 the company redeemed £250,000 of these loan notes at par, paying interest due to that date.
O n 1 April 20X3 the company issued £500,000 7% loan notes at par, interest payable half-yearly o n 31 March and 30
September.
Requirement
What figure should appear in the company's statement of profit o r loss for finance costs i n the year e n d e d 30 June 20X3?
A £88,750
B £82,500
C £65,000
D £73,750
LO 3c
21 A company has a balance of £3,200 (debit) o n its income tax payable account at 31 December 20X7 relating to the
income tax payable on the 20X6 profits. The company's estimated income tax liability for the year to 31 December 20X7 is
£24,500.
Requirement
What is the income tax charge i n the statement of profit o r loss for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X7?
A £21,300
B £24,500
C £27,700
D £30,900
LO 3c
22 A company is preparing its financial statements for the year ending 31 March 20X7. The initial trial balance has the
following figures relating to tax:
Income tax payable at 1 April 20X6 1 4,300
Income tax paid during the year ended 31 March 20X7 12,700
The estimated income tax liability for the year ended 31 March 20X7 is £15,600.
Requirement
What is the income tax figure for inclusion in the company's statement of profit o r loss for the year ended 31 March 20X7?
A £12,700
B £14,000
C £17,200
D £28,300
LO 3c
23 Cheetah pic had a provision of £10,000 in its financial statements for the year ended 31 March 20X3 in respect of a legal
clai m. I n Ju ly 20X3 the claim was settled at a cost of £ 1 3,000.
Requirement
What is the expense in respect of the legal claim included in Cheetah pic's statement of profit o r loss for the year ended
31 March 20X4?
A £10,000
B £13,000
C £3,000
D Nil
LO 3c
2 4 Camelia pic is preparing its financial statements for the year e n d e d 30 June 20X9. Its initial trial balance shows the
following balances:
Accruals at 1 July 20X8 948
Distribution costs paid 1 30,647
Of the accruals at 1 July 20X8, £586 related to distribution costs. At 30 June 20X9 the equivalent figure is £654 for
distribution costs.
Requirement
What amount for distribution costs should b e shown in Camelia pic's statement of profit o r loss for the year ended 30
June 20X9?
A £129,407
B £130,579
C £130,715
D £131,887
LO I d , 3c
25 O n 1 January 20X6 Pigeon pic has £300,000 of 50p equity shares in issue, and a balance o n share premium of £750,000.
O n 1 April 20X6 the company makes a 1 for 3 bonus issue.
Requirement
What is the balance o n Pigeon pic's share premium account at 31 December 20X6?
A £450,000
B £550,000
C £650,000
D £850,000
LO I d , 1e
26 At 1 July 20X7 Leak pic owed £524,925 to credit suppliers. In the year to 30 June 20X8 it paid credit suppliers £1,249,506
and posted £1,987,345 to trade payables in respect of goods purchased o n credit. Leak pic took £12,824 i n settlement
discounts (which it had not expected to take) from credit suppliers. At the end of the period it processed a contra with
trade receivables of £8,236.
Requirement
What amount for trade payables should b e included in the statement of financial position of Leak pic as at 3 0 June 20X8?
A £1,267,352
B £1,241,704
C £1,258,176
D £1,283,824
LO 3c
27 Monksford pic is preparing its financial statements for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X1. Its initial trial balance shows the
following balances:
Income tax payable at 1 January 20X1 2,091
20X0 income tax paid in 20X1 (as finally agreed with HMRC) 1,762
The estimated income tax due for the year ended 31 December 20X1 is £2,584.
Requirement
What is the income tax expense to b e included in Monksford pic’s statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31
December 20X1?
A £1,269
B £2,255
C £2,584
D £2,913
LO I d , 3c
28 Zenia pic is preparing its financial statements for the 12 month reporting period e n d e d 31 August 20X6, having prepared
an initial trial balance which includes the following balances:
Accruals at 1 September 20X5 948
Interest paid 2,733
Of the accruals at 1 September 20X5, £362 related to interest payable. At 31 August 20X6 accruals will include £419
related to interest payable.
Requirement
What will be the finance cost included in Zenia pic's statement of profit or loss for the 12-month reporting period ended
31 August 20X6?
A £2,204
B £2,676
C £2,733
D £2,790
LO 1d, 3c
2 9 Wonka pic has the following ledger account balances as at 1 September 20X5:
Share capital {£0.50 equity shares): £200,000
Share premium: £20,000
Retained earnings: £793,442
O n 1 November 20X5 Wonka pic made a 1 for 4 rights issue at £4.50 per share. O n 31 August 20X6 it made a 2 for 1
bonus issue. Profit for the year to 31 August 20X6 was £1 00,000.
Requirement
What are the balances o n the share capital, share premium and retained earnings ledger accounts as at 31 August 20X6?
A Share capital £1,500,000, Share premium £Nil, Retained earnings £813,442
B Share capital £750,000, Share premium £ Nil, Retained earnings £813,442
C Share capital £750,000, Share premium £420,000, Retained earnings £393,442
D Share capital £1,500,000, Share premium £Nil, Retained earnings £393,442
LO 1d, 1e
3 0 Grease pic is a large company with a share capital of 3 million 20p equity shares. To raise funds, it has made a 1 for 4 rights
issue of its equity shares at £3.60 per share. The rights issue was fully taken u p but only £1 .9 million had been paid up at
the year e n d 30 September 20X2. Grease pic correctly debited cash at bank with £1.9 million and recorded the other side
of the transaction in the suspense account.
Requirement
Which adjustment should Grease pic make to correctly record the rights issue?
A Debit Other receivables £2,700,000, Credit Share capital £1 50,000, Credit Share premium £2,550,000
B Debit Suspense £1,900,000, Debit Other receivables £800,000, Credit Share capital £750,000, Credit Share premium
£1,950,000
C Debit Other receivables £800,000, Credit Share capital £1 50,000, Credit Share premium £650,000
D Debit Suspense £1,900,000, Debit Other receivables £800,000, Credit Share capital £1 50,000, Credit Share premium
£2,550,000
LO 1e, 2c
31 Lake pic makes purchases o n credit for £9,801 a n d purchases for cash of £107 in the year e n d e d 31 January 20X4. The
company's accruals relating to purchases need to be £75 less than at the previous year e n d and prepayments relating to
purchases need to be £60 less.
Requirement
What is the figure for purchases included in cost of sales in Lake pic’s statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31
January 20X4?
A £9,893
B £9,923
C £9,786
D £9,908
LO I d , 3c
32 Wombat pic is a retailer that owns n o properties and only has fixtures and fittings, purchased within the last six months, as
non-current assets. The company has been experiencing trading problems for some time. The directors have concluded
that the company is no longer a g o i n g concern and have changed the basis of preparing the financial statements to the
break-up basis.
Requirement
Which two of the following will b e the immediate effects of changing to the break-up basis?
A All fixtures and fittings are transferred from non-current to current assets.
B Fixtures and fittings are valued at their resale value.
C The company ceases to trade.
D A liquidator is appointed.
LO3b
33 Drange pic has share capital of 300,000 £1 shares at 1 March 20X7. These were issued at £1.50 per share. On 2 8 February
20X8 Drange pic made a 2 for 3 bonus issue. Before accounting for this, the balance o n retained earnings at 28 February
20X8 was £717,000.
Requirement
What is the balance of retained earnings to be included in Drange pic's statement of financial position at 28 February
20X8?
A £517,000
B £567,000
C £667,000
D £717,000
LO 1d, 1e, 3c
3 4 The trial balance of Albion pic, a manufacturer, as at the year-end 30 April 20X4 included the following items:
(1) Depreciation of delivery vehicles
(2) Delivery inwards
In the statement of profit or loss depreciation of delivery vehicles should be included in the heading:
A Cost of sales
B Administrative expenses
C Distribution costs
D Finance costs
LO 3c
In the statement of profit or loss delivery inwards from suppliers should be included in the heading:
E Cost of sales
F Administrative expenses
G Distribution costs
H Finance costs
LO 3c
35 Rembrandt pic is finalising certain figures that will appear in its financial statements as at 30 September 20X7. In its initial
trial balance at that date Rembrandt pic has a figure for income tax payable as at 1 October 20X6 of £114,520. The total
income tax charge in the statement of profit or loss for the year to 30 September 20X7 is £145,670, and income tax paid in
the year was £123,090.
Requirement
What is the income tax payable balance that will appear in Rembrandt pic's statement of financial position as at 30
September 20X7?
A £91,940
B £114,520
C £137,100
D £382,000
LO 3c
36 Touch pic is finalising certain figures for inclusion i n its financial statements as at 30 April 20X7. Relevant initial trial balance
figures are as follows:
Trade and other payables (excluding interest payable) 246,800
6% d e bentu res as at 1 May 20X6 400,000
Touch pic issued 6% debentures of £120,000 at par o n 1 February 20X7, repayable at par in 10 years' time. No interest
was outstanding at 1 May 20X6, and the company paid interest in respect of debentures of £24,000 i n the period to 3 0
April 20X7.
Requirement
What amount for trade and other payables (including interest payable) should be shown in Touch pic's statement of
financial position as at 30 April 20X7?
A £222,800
B £246,800
C £248,600
D £272,600
LO 3c
37 As at 1 June 20X4 Brazil pic had 400,000 1 0p equity shares, which it issued in 20X1 at £2.20 each, fully paid. It also had
200,000 £1 8% irredeemable preference shares issued at par in 20X2. On 31 January 20X5 Brazil pic made a further issue
of 45,000 of the £1 irredeemable 8% preference shares at £1.50 fully paid. On the same date Brazil pic made a 1 for 4
bonus issue of equity shares. Brazil pic wishes to use the share premium in respect of the bonus issue.
Requirement
What is the balance o n the share premium account that Brazil pic will present in its statement of financial position as at 31
May 20X5?
A £452,500
B £762,500
C £830,000
D £852,500
LO 1d, 1e, 3c
38 The retained earnings of Camel p l c a t 1 January 20X7 were £1,055,000. The retained earnings at 31 December 20X7 are
£1,21 0,000. The profit for the year is £387, 000.
During the year Camel made a 1 for 2 bonus issue, with £65,000 paid from retained earnings.
Requirement
What was the total dividend paid during the year?
A £Nil
B £167,000
C £232,000
D £297,000
LO 1 d
3 9 At 30 June Temso pic's equity was as follows:
20X8 20X9
£ £
Equity shares of 25p each 1 00,000 125,000
Share premium 100,000 75,000
Retained earnings 267,000 299,000
In the year ended 3 0 June 20X9 Temso pic made a 1 for 4 bonus issue. Profits for the year were £44,000.
Requirement
What was the total dividend paid in the year?
A £12,000
B £13,000
C £37,000
D £76,000
LO 1 d
40 At 30 September 20X6 Bake pic's equity was as follows:
Equ ity shares of 50p each 450,000

In the year ended 3 0 September 20X7 Bake pic made a 1 for 3 bonus issue which was partly paid out of share premium.
Retained earnings were £754,000 at 30 September 20X7 after Bake made a profit of £213,000.
Requirement
What was the total dividend paid in the year e n d e d 30 September 20X7?
A £15,000
B £65,000
C £205,000
D £361,000
LO I d
41 Panther Co sells goods with a one-year standard warranty a n d had a provision for warranty claims of £64,000 at
31 December 20X0. During the year ended 31 December 20X1, £25,000 in claims were paid to customers. O n 31
December 20X1, Panther Co estimated that 5% of warranties would be invoked at a cost of £58,000.
Requirement
What amount should Panther C o charge or credit to the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 20X1
in respect of the warranty provision?
A £58,000 charge
B £33,000 charge
C £19,000 charge
D £6,000 credit
LO 3c
1 2 C o m p a n y financial statements u n d e r IFRS A c c o u n t i n g
Standards
1 Hexham pic
The following is the trial balance of Hexham pic at 31 March 20X8:
£ £
Sales 1,150,000
Inventories at 1 April 20X7 75,000
Purchases 465,000
Distribution costs 220,000
Administrative expenses 340,000
Irrecoverable debts expense 36,000
Loan interest paid 8,000
Land and buildings cost 600,000
Plant and equipment cost 340,000
Land and buildings accumulated depreciation at 1 April 20X7 96,000

Plant and equipment accumulated depreciation at 1 April 20X7 63,000
Allowance for receivables 5,000
Bank 24,000
Equity share capital (£1 shares) 400,000
Share premium 1 00,000
Bank loan 200,000
Equity dividends paid 1 5,000
Advance deposits from customers 6,000

2,159,000 2,159,000
The following adjustments have yet to be accounted for:

(1) Hexham pic holds two lines of inventory at 31 March 20X8. Details are shown in the 'Hexham pic inventory' table
below.
(2) Hexham pic paid an annual insurance premium of £1 6,800 for the year 1 September 20X7 to 31 August 20X8. This
payment is included i n administrative expenses.
(3) The company's depreciation policy is as follows: Buildings: Straight line over 50 years; Plant and equipment: 10%
straight line. The cost of the land was £200,000, and all non-current assets are assumed to have zero residual values.
There were n o additions to or disposals of non-current assets during the year ended 31 March 20X8. Depreciation o n
buildings is charged to administrative expenses, a n d depreciation o n plant and equipment is charged to cost of sales.
(4) At the year end, trade receivables include a balance of £4,800 which is considered irrecoverable. Hexham pic wishes
to adjust the allowance for receivables at 31 March 20X8 to £2, 760. The company presents irrecoverable debts as
other operating expenses o n the face of the statement of profit o r loss.
(5) The bank loan was received o n 1 July 20X7 and is repayable i n full i n five years. Interest is charged at a fixed rate of
8% per annum.
(6) Income tax for the year ended 31 March 20X8 is estimated at £10,000.
(7) Hexham pic products come with a standard warranty which guarantees the products function as expected for a six-
month period. Management estimates that 5% of warranties will be invoked, a t a cost of £115,000 to Hexham pic.
Provisions are charged to other operating expenses.
(3) Hexham pic paid rent of £25,000 o n 27 March 20X8 which covers the period 1 April 20X8 to 30 June 20X8. This
amount has been included in administrative expenses.
Hexham pic inventory
Item CX100 BY200
£ £
Total cost 1 6,200 76,000
Selling price 15,000 83,600
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Hexham pic for the year ended 31 March 20X8 and the statement of financial
position at that date.
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 3 1 March 20X8
Revenue ___________
Cost of sales (W1)
Gross profit
Distribution costs (W1 )
Administrative expenses (W1)
Othe r o pe rati n g ex p e nses (W2 )
Operating profitZ(loss)
Finance costs (W3)
Profit/(loss) before tax
Income tax expense
ProfitAloss) for year
Statement of financial position as at 3 1 March 20X8
Non-current assets
Property, plant, and equipment
Land and buildings (W4)
Plant and equipment (W4)
Current assets
Inventories (W1)
Trad e rece i vab Ies ( W2 )
Prepayments (W1 )
Total assets
tquuy
Equity share capital
Share premium
Retained earnings (W5)
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings
Current liabilities
Bank overdraft
Trade payables
Accruals (W3)
Deferred income
Provision
Income tax payable
Total equity and liabilities
Note: The boxes in this question indicate where an answer is required and where marks are available in the CBE. You can
use the 'add comment' function to record your workings a n d answers.
Total: 1 6 marks
2 Ford pic
Ford pic is a company which publishes a single textbook and provides tuition courses relating to that text. The following
trial balance was extracted from the nominal ledger of Ford pic on 31 March 20X6.
£ £
Purchases 4,450,000
Administrative salaries 410,500
Inventories at 1 April 20X5 113,400
Freehold land and buildings

Cost (land £1,750,000) 2,550,000
Accumulated depreciation at 1 April 20X5 480,000
Equipment and fixtures
Cost 620,000
Accumulated depreciation at 1 April 20X5 337,000
Borrowings 100,000
Redeemable 4% preference shares 100,000

Retained earnings at 1 April 20X5 212,500

Equity share capital - 50p nominal value 400,000
Preference share capital - 5% irredeemable £1 shares 200,000
Dividends paid 20,000
Cash and cash equivalents 43,500
Revenue 6,700,000
Finance costs 35,000
8,654,900 8,654,900
The following additional information is relevant.

(1) The borrowings are repayable i n five equal annual instalments, commencing o n 1 April 20X6. The interest payable
has been correctly calculated and included within finance costs.
(2) Revenue is made u p of the amounts shown in the 'Revenue' table below. The tuition fees all relate to courses held
during the year except for fees of £300,000 which relate to a 10-week course. Five weeks of this course had already
been held by the year end. The remainder is to be held in June 20X6. The advances relate to the delivery of a new
publication which Ford pic has commissioned and advertised heavily but which is not yet in production.
(3) There were n o movements of non-current assets during the year. Equipment and fixtures are depreciated o n a 10%
straight-line basis, taking into account the month of sale o r purchase. Depreciation o n equipment and fixtures is
presented in cost of sales. Freehold buildings are depreciated over their useful life of 40 years. Depreciation o n
freehold buildings is charged to administrative expenses.
(4) At the year end the company was in the process of a legal action by one of its competitors which claims that Ford's
textbook has breached copyright. The case is not due to be decided until June 20X6 but Ford pic's legal advisors
think that the company has a 70% chance of losing the case and estimates that this would cost Ford pic £100,000.
(5) O n e of Ford pic’s customers which owed £10,000 o n 31 March 20X6 was declared insolventon that date. The
liquidator does not expect to pay any money to creditors and the amount is considered irrecoverable.
(6) Closing inventories at cost amounted to £120,000. Within this valuation is an over-allocation of fixed overheads, of
£10,000.
(7) The following should b e accounted for at the year-end: Income tax of £350,000; The dividend o n the 5%
irredeemable preference shares; The dividend o n the 4% redeemable preference shares which is accrued at the
yearend.
(8) Ford pic employed the services of a training and consultancy firm for a six-month period commencing on the 1
February 20X6 for a total fee of £60,000. 50% of this fee is due for payment o n 1 April 20X6, while the balance is to
be paid within 30 days of the contract's conclusion. N o record has b e e n made in respect of this in the accounts of
Ford pic. The contract fee should b e included in administrative expenses.
(9) Ford pic entered into a short-term rental agreement to secure additional office space for administrative staff. Rent is
d u e quarterly in advance. Ford pic made a payment of £20,000 o n 31 March 20X6, and this has been included i n
administrative expenses.
(10) During the year, Ford pic issued a 1 for 4 bonus issue from share premium. This has not been reflected in the
accounts.
Revenue
Tuition fees 1,500,000
Book sales 5,100,000
Advances 100,000
6,700,000
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Ford pic for the year e n d e d 31 March 20X6 and the statement of financial
Revenue (W5)
Cost of sales (W1)
Gross profit
Operating profits loss)
Finance costs (W1)
ProfitZ(loss) before tax
Income tax expense
ProfitAloss) for year
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Freehold land a n d buildings (W2)
Equipment a n d fixtures (W2)
Current assets
Inventories (W1)
Trade receivables
Prepayments
Cash and cash equivalents
Total assets
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Capital and reserves
Equity share capital (W6)
Preference share capital (irredeemable)

Redeemable 4% preference shares
Borrowings
Current liabilities
Borrowings
Accruals (W1)
Irredeemable 5% preference dividend payable (W4)
Redeemable 4% preference dividend payable (W1 )
Trade payables
Deferred income (W3)
Provision
Income tax payable

use the 'add comment' function to record your workings and answers.
Total:16 marks
3 Juniper pic
The following trial balance was extracted from the nominal ledger of Juniper pic on 31 December 20X2.
£ £
Accrued expenses at 31 December 20X2 2,500
Administration expenses 198,076
Cost of sales 426,772
Cash and bank 15,477
Payables due within one year (includes preference dividends payable) 49,809
Receivables 12,691
Preference dividend paid 3,600
Equity dividend paid 4,000
Non-current assets at cost 157,680
10% loan (repayable in 10 years) 33,000
£1 equity share capital 11,000
60% £1 preference share capital (irredeemable) 6,000
Accumulated depreciation at 31 December 20X1 40,630
Retained earnings at 31 December 20X1 26,014
Share premium 7,500
Inventories at 31 December 20X2 39,323

Revenue 726,370
Income tax at 31 December 20X1 15,000
919,173 919,173

(1) Juniper pic sold a motor vehicle during the year ended 31 December 20X2. The motor vehicle sold had a cost of
£2,000 and a carrying amount of £1,100. Any profits or losses o n disposal are treated as a cost of sales. Juniper pic
for this transaction has been to record the sales proceeds in cash at bank and used the suspense account as the other
side of the entry. There are n o other entries in the suspense account
(2) The non-current assets account includes freehold land which cost £25,000. Depreciation is charged at 20% o n the
reducing balance basis. This charge is to be distributed 40% to cost of sales, 30% to distribution costs and 30% to
(3) A bonus issue of 1 for 5 equity shares made during the year out of the share premium account has not been reflected
above.
(4) Included i n administrative expenses is a rates payment of £1,500 for the year to 1 April 20X3. An invoice for insurance
of £1,200 for the year to 30 November 20X3 was received and processed on 5 January 20X3.
(5) The following accruals are to be made.
(a) Loa n interest (1 2 months)
(b) Income tax of £12,000
(6) The income tax liability of £15,000 at 31 December 20X1 was settled at £15,400 in September 20X2. The payment
was debited to administration expenses.
(7) At 31 December 20X2 Juniper pic considers that an amount owing of £453 from Maguire Ltd should be written off as
irrecoverable, and a further allowance for receivables of 3% of the remaining receivables is necessary. Irrecoverable
debts expenses are included in administrative expenses.
(8) Juniper pic received a letter in December 20X2 from the solicitor of a former employee claiming that their client was
unfairly dismissed. Juniper pic's legal advisors estimate that there is a 70% chance that the claim will be successful
a n d they estimate that the award to the claimant will be £20,000. Provisions are charged to administrative expenses.
(9) A payment for £12,000, sent to a supplier, was incorrectly recorded as £21,000. This error has not been corrected in
the accounting records of Juniper pic.
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Juniper pic for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X2 and the statement of
financial position at that date.
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 3 1 December 20X2
Revenue
Cost of sales (W1)
Gross profit
Finance costs
Income tax expense (W4)
ProfitZ(loss) for year

Statement of financial position as at 3 1 December 20X2
Non-current assets
Land
Other non-current assets
Current assets
Inventories
Trade receivables
Prepayments (W1 )
Total assets
Equity
Preference share capital
Share premium
Borrowings
Current liabilities
Borrowings
Bank overdraft
Trade payables
Provision for legal claim
Accruals
Deferred income
Income tax payable (W4)
Total: 1 6 marks
4 Skylar pic
The trial balance for Skylar pic as at 31 October 20X7 is shown below.
£'000 £'000
Share capital 1 5,000

Accruals at 31 October 20X7 387
Lease liability due in less than one year 3,888
Lease liability due in more than one year 19,834
Cash at bank 7,997
Property {freehold buildings} cost 20,000
Plant and equipment cost of leased assets 38,460
Property (freehold buildings} -accumulated depreciation at 1 November 20X6 2,500
Plant and equipment - accumulated depreciation o n leased assets at

1 November 20X6 21,128
Interest paid 2,372

Sales 53,761
Purchases 30,946
Inventories as at 1 November 20X6 8,456
130,091 1 30,091
Further information
(1) Skylar owns the propertiesand leases the plant and e q u i p m e n t Depreciation has not yet been charged. There were
n o purchases or sales of non-current assets, and n o new leases were entered into during the year. Plant is depreciated
at 10% straight-line o n a monthly basis taking into account the month of sale o r purchase a n d the lease term is 1 0
years. Freehold buildings are depreciated over their useful life of 4 0 years. Depreciation o n plant is charged to cost of
sales. Depreciation o n freehold buildings is charged to administrative expenses.
(2) The inventories at the close of business on 31 October 20X7 had a sales value of £12,232,500. Goods are sold at an
average mark-up of 25%.
(3) The company paid £48,000 insurance costs in June 20X7, which covered the period from 1 July 20X7 to 30 June
20X8. This was included in administrative expenses in the trial balance.
(4) The income tax charge for the year has been calculated as £1,254,000.
(5) A n electronic payment received from customer Broke pic for £1 5,000 o n 30 October 20X7, which was recorded in the
accounting records of Skylar pic, has been dishonoured by Broke pic's bank. Management have advised that Broke
pic's total outstanding balance of £30,000 should be written off as an irrecoverable debt and recorded i n
(6) During the year Skylar pic renewed its contract with haulage company Distributers pic. The contract commenced o n 1
September 20X7 and n o payment has been made to date. The annual contract fee is £200,000.
(7) All of Skylar pic's goods come with a 12-month warranty. Management estimate that 2% of these warranties will be
exercised, a n d the cost of repair o r replacement of these goods will be £250,000 in total. The warranties expense
should be presented in administrative expenses.
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Skylar pic for the year e n d e d 31 October 20X7 a n d the statement of financial
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 3 1 October 20X7
£'000
Revenue
Cost of sales (W1)
Gross profit
Distribution costs (W2)
Finance costs
Income tax expense
Profit/floss) for the period
Statement of financial position as at 3 1 October 20X7
£'000
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Land and buildings (WA)
Current assets
Inventories
Prepayments (W3)
Trade receivables (W5)
Total assets
Equity
Retained earnings (W6) 14,531
Total equity 29,531
Lease liability 19,834

Current liabilities
Trade payables
Accruals 420
Income tax payable
Provision

9 J 60
Total liabilities 28,994
Total: 1 6 marks
5 Corolla pic
Corolla pic's trial balance as at 31 October 20X8 is shown below.
Debit Credit
£'000 £'000
Share capital (£1 per share) 20,000

Share premium 5,000
Land and buildings - cost 35,152
Land and buildings - accumulated depreciation at 1 November 20X7 7,000
Plant and equipment - cost 12,500
Plant and equipment - accumulated depreciation at 1 November 20X7 7,400
Accruals at 31 October 20X8 436
8% ban k loan repayable in 1 0 yea rs 1 5,000
Cash at bank 9,774

Interest paid 600
Revenue 58,411
Purchases 41,620
Inventories as at 1 November 20X7 9,032
125,846 125,846
Further information
(1) The inventories at the close of business on 31 October 20X8 were valued at £7,878,000.
(2) Depreciation is to be charged for the year as follows: Buildings: 2% per annum straight line basis; Plant and
equipment: 20% per annum reducing balance basis. Depreciation is apportioned as follows: Cost of sales: 40%;
Distribution costs: 40%; Administrative expenses: 20%. Land, which is non-depreciable, is included in the trial balance
at a cost of £1 5, 1 52,000.
(3) The company began a series of social media adverts for the company's range of products o n 1 October 20X8 at a
cost of £45,000. The adverts are to b e placed o n relevant pages for a period of three months and were to b e paid for
in full at the e n d of December 20X8. Advertising expenses are to be included in distribution costs.
(4) Interest o n the bank loan for the last six months of the year has not been included in the accounts in the trial balance.
(5) The income tax charge for the year has been calculated as £970,000.
(6) During the year, Corolla pic made a 1 for 4 bonus issue of equity shares. This has not b e e n reflected in the accounts.
(7) Management have calculated that an allowance for receivables equal to 5% of the trade receivables balance at 31
October 20X8 is required. The allowance should b e charged to administrative expenses.
(8) Corolla pic paid a n insurance premium for annual cover u p t o 3 0 June 20X9. Due to a reference number error, the
computerised accounting system posted the payment of £45,000 to a trade supplier's account.
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Corolla pic for the year ended 31 October 20X8 and the statement of financial
£'000
Revenue
Cost of sales (W1)
Gross profit
Operating profit/(loss)
Finance costs
Income tax expense
ProfitZ(loss) for the period
£'000
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Current assets
Inventories
Trade receivables
Prepayments
Total assets
Equity
Borrowings
Current liabilities
Trade payables (W5) 2,843
Accruals
Income tax payable
Total: 1 6 marks
6 Ariel pic
The following trial balance was extracted from the nominal ledger of Ariel pic o n 31 March 20X2.
£'000 £'000
Equity share capital (£1 per share) 5,000
Bu iIdings - cost/value 17,630
Plant and machinery - cost/value 14,000
Buildings - accumulated depreciation at 31 March 20X2 16,276
Plant and machinery - accumulated depreciation at 31 March 20X2 3,600

Accruals at 31 March 20X2 129
6% ban k loan repayable in 1 5 yea rs 6,850
Cash at bank 2,887
Interest paid 411
Revenue 35,547
Purchases 27,481
Inventories as at 1 April 20X1 3,790

Dividends paid 920
73,344 73,344
Further information:
(1) The inventories at the close of business on 31 March 20X2 were valued at £4,067,000.
(2) Depreciation has already been provided o n buildingsand plant and equipmentfor the year ended 31 March 20X2.
(3) O n 31 March 20X2 items of plant with a cost of £12,750,000 and accumulated depreciation of £3,100,000 were
assessed to have a recoverable amount of £8,500,000 in an impairment review. Any adjustment should be included in
cost of sales.
(4) The company rented some office photocopiers for the period 1 March to 30 June 20X2. The contract price for the
four months was £164,000 and this was paid in full o n 3 March a n d is charged to administrative expenses.
(5) The company sourced extra warehousing space, for the storage of goods prior to their sale, for a period of three
months from 1 February to 30 April 20X2. The invoice for the full three months of £1 14,000 was paid on 16 April. N o
entry has been made in the accounts for this transaction, which should be charged to distribution costs.
(7) Trade receivables at 31 March 20X2 include a balance of £95,000 owed by a customer which has g o n e into
liquidation. The directors have been advised that they are unlikely to receive any of this amount and wish to write the
debt off as irrecoverable. Irrecoverable debts are written off to administrative expenses.
(8) Ariel pic provides a warranty for certain lines of product. It is estimated that 1% of these warranties will be invoked at a
cost of £25,000.
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Ariel for the year ended 31 March 20X2 and the statement of financial position
at that date.
£'000
Revenue
Cost of sales (W1)
Gross profit
Financecosts
Income tax expense
£'000
ASSETS
N on-current assets:
Buildings (W3)
Plant and machinery {W3)
Current assets:
Inventories
Trade receivables
Prepayments
Total assets
Equity and liabilities:
Equity
Non-current liabilities:
Borrowings
Current liabilities:
Trade payables
Accruals
Provision
Income tax payable
Total: 1 6 marks
7 Enercell pic
The trial balance for Enercell pic as at 31 October 20X7 is shown below.
£'000 £'000
Share premium 2,500

Accruals 580
5% ban k loan repayable in 1 0 yea rs 30,000
Cash at bank 11,996
Interest paid 1,125

Gross profit 39,539

Closing inventories 1 8,000
Property (freehold buildings) - c o s t 30,000
Property (freehold buildings) -accumulated depreciation as at 1 November 20X6 3,750
Plant and equipment - accumulated depreciation as at 1 November 20X6 ______ 31,692
151,601 151,601
Further information
(1) There were n o movements in non-current assets during the year. Plant and equipment is depreciated o n a 10%
straight-line basis. Freehold buildings are depreciated over their useful life of 40 years. Depreciation is charged to
(2) The figure for closing inventories in the trial balance is the sales value (goods are sold at a mark-up of 25%). Inventory
should be valued at cost.
(3) The company paid £72,000 insurance costs in June 20X7, which covered the period from 1 July 20X7 to 30 June
20X8. This was included in administrative expenses in the trial balance.
(4) Interest o n the bank loan for the last three months of the year has not been included in the trial balance.
(5) The income tax charge for the year has been calculated as £1,881,000.
(6) A customer was injured by a defective product during the year and has issued proceedings against the company.
Enercell pic’s legal team have advised that there is a 75% probability that this will result in an estimated payout of
£750,000. Provisions are charged to administrative expenses.
(7) Enercell pic rented additional warehouse space during the year for a period of six months, commencing o n 1 August
20X7. The rent payable is £4,000 per month, n o payments have been made to date. Rent is charged to distribution
costs.
(8) During the year, Enercell pic issued a 1 for 1 0 bonus share issue from share premium.
(9) A payment which was sent o n 2 3 October 20X7 to a supplierfor £32,000 was incorrectly recorded as £23,000.
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Enercell pic for the year e n d e d 31 October 20X7 and the statement of financial
£'000
Gross profit fW1 )
Finance costs
Income tax expense
£'000
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Buildings (W3)

Total assets
Equity
Share premium (W5)
Borrowings (Bank loan)
Current liabilities
Trade payables
Accruals
Income tax payable
Provision
Total: 1 6 marks
8 Liquid pic
The following trial balance was extracted from the nominal ledger of Liquid pic on 31 December 20X6:
£ £
Sales 1,590,000
Inventories at 1 January 20X6 35,000
Purchases 600,000
Irrecoverable debts expense 1 5,000
Redeemable 6% preference share dividend 1,000
Land and buildings cost 975,000
Plant and equipment cost 267,000
Land and buildings accumulated depreciation at 1 January 20X6 1 78,000
Plant and equipment accumulated depreciation at 1 January 20X6 95,000

Bank 8,000
Equity share capital (£1 shares) 300,000
Equity dividends paid 5,000
Advance deposits from customers _______ 4,000
2,348,000 2,348,000
The following adjustments have yet to be accounted for:

(1) Inventories held at 31 December 20X6 are valued at £120,000.
(2) The company's depreciation policy is as follows: Buildings: Straight-line over 50 years; Plant a n d equipment: 1 0%
straight-line. The cost of the land was £100,000, and all non-current assets are assumed to have zero residual values.
There were n o additions to or disposals of non-current assets during the year ended 31 December 20X6.
Depreciation on buildings is charged to administrative expenses, and depreciation o n plant and equipment is
charged to cost of sales.
(3) At the year end, trade receivables include a balance of £13,000 which is considered irrecoverable. The company
presents irrecoverable debts as other operating expenses in the statement of profit o r loss. Management believe that
an allowance for receivables of £16,000 is required in respect of the remaining trade receivables balance.
(4) Liquid pic paid rent of £20,000 o n 20 December 20X6 which covers the period 1 April 20X6 to 31 March 20X7. This
amount has been included in distribution costs.
(5) Liquid pic's annual insurance premium is £10,000 for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X6. Liquid paid £5,000 in
respect of this o n 25 November 20X6. This payment is included in administrative expenses.
(6) During the year, the company offered a 1 for 6 bonus issue to shareholders, from share premium.
(7) The redeemable 6% preference shares were issued o n 1 January 20X6. An interim dividend was paid and correctly
accounted for o n 1 July 20X6. A n accrual is required to b e created in respect of any outstanding dividend.
(3) Income tax for the year ended 31 December 20X6 is estimated at £45,000.
(9) Liquid pic products come with a 6-month standard warranty. Management estimates that 5% of warranties will b e
invoked, at a cost of £25,000 to Liquid pic. Provisions are charged to other operating expenses.
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Liquid pic for the year ended 31 December 20X6 and the statement of financial
Revenue
Cost of sales (W1)
Gross profit
Other operating expenses (W2)
Finance costs (W3)
Income tax expense

Non-current assets
Current assets
Inventories (W1)
Prepayments (W1 )
Total assets
Equity
Preference share capital
Share premium (W6)
Redeemable 6% preference shares
Current liabilities
Borrowings
Bank overdraft
Trade payables
Accruals
Redeemable 6% preference dividend accrued
Deferred income
Provision (W2)
Income tax payable

9 Colbolt pic
The trial balance for Colbolt picas at 31 March 20X7 is shown below.
£ £
Share premium 4,500
Trade receivables 1 2,039
Accruals 140
6% bank loan repayable in 10 years 25,000
Cash at bank 9,997
Interest paid 1,125
Gross profit 33,931
Closing inventories 1 9,000
Property (freehold buildings) - c o s t 32,520

Property (freehold buildings) -accumulated depreciation as at 1 April 20X6 4,878
Pliant and equipment - cost 57,688
Pliant and equipment - accumulated depreciation as at 1 April 20X6 31 ,692
147,817 147,817
Further information
(1) Plant and equipment is depreciated on a 12.5% straight-line basis. Freehold buildings are depreciated over their
useful life of 40 years. Depreciation is to be charged to administrative expenses.
(2) The figure for closing inventories in the trial balance is the sales value (goods are sold at a mark-up of 20%). Inventory
should be valued at cost of sales.
(3) The bank loan was taken o u t i n 20X4, therefore a full year's interest needs to be recorded. Interest o n the bank loan
for the last three months of the year has not been included in amounts i n the trial balance.
(5) During the year, Colbolt pic issued a 1 for 1 0 bonus share issue from share premium.
(6) A payment which was sent o n 2 3 March 20X7 to a supplier for £12 was incorrectly recorded as £21.
(7) Colbolt pic received notice o n 31 March 20X7 that one of its customers. Pulse Limited, had g o n e into liquidation and
the d e b t requires to be written off as irrecoverable. This customer owed £165 at the year e n d that date. Colbolt pic
decided to create an allowance for receivables o n the remaining trade receivables balance of £4,500. Irrecoverable
debts are charged to administrative expenses.
(8) Colbolt pic rents some additional office space for administrative staff. Rent is due quarterly in advance. Colbolt pic
made a payment of £30 o n 2 8 February 20X7, and this has been included in administrative expenses.
(9) O n 31 March 20X7 items of plant with a cost of £8,000 and accumulated depreciation of £3,100 were assessed to
have a value of £4,500 in an impairment review. Any adjustment should be included in cost of sales.
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Colbolt pic for the year ended 31 March 20X7 and the statement of financial
Gross profit (W1)
Finance costs
Income tax expense
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Freehold buildings (W3)
Current assets
Inventories
Trade receivables
Prepayments (W2)
Total assets
Equity
Share premium (W5)
Borrowings
Current liabilities
Trade payables
Accruals
Income tax payable
Total liabilities
Total: 1 6 marks
10 Waterford pic
The trial balance for Waterford pic as at 31 May 20X6 is shown below.
£ £
Share premium 9,000
Trade payables 675

Accruals 567
7.5% bank loan repayable in 8 years 14,000
Cash at bank 5,678
Interest paid 600
Gross profit 45,998
Dividends paid 600
Closing inventories 3,757
Freehold land a n d buildings - cost 80,000

Freehold land a n d buildings - accumulated depreciation as at
1 June 20X5 7,000
Plant and equipment - accumulated depreciation as at 1 June 20X5 7,086
Motor vehicles - cost 1 7,000
Motor vehicles - accumulated depreciation as at 1 June 20X5 5,200
Suspense ______ 17,601
1 80,271 180,271
(1) The company's depreciation policy is as follows: Freehold buildings: Straight-line over 50 years; Plant a n d
equipment: 15% reducing balance; Motor vehicles: 25% straight-line. The cost of the land within the cost of freehold
land a n d buildings was £500, and all non-current assets are assumed to have zero residual values. There were n o
additions to non-current assets during the year ended 31 May 20X6. Depreciation o n freehold buildings is charged to
administrative expenses, and depreciation o n plant and equipment and motor vehicles is charged to cost of sales.
(2) O n 1 June 20X5, motor vehicles purchased o n 1 July 20X4 at a cost of £8,000 were disposed of for £2,500. The cash
received has been correctly recorded b u t the accounting software was unable to match the transaction a n d recorded
the other side of the entry to the suspense account
(3) Income tax for the year ended 31 May 20X6 is estimated at £8,000.
(4) Within the closing inventory carried at cost is an over- allocation of fixed overheads, of £78.
(5) During the year, Waterford pic made a 1 for 4 bonus issue from share premium. The correct entry to share premium
has been made, but the corresponding entry was posted to the suspense account.
(6) A n accrual needs to b e made for the remainder of the interest expense for the year.
(7) At 31 May 20X6 Waterford pic determined that £650 owing from a customer is required to be written off as
irrecoverable, and an allowance for receivables of 3% of the remaining receivables is necessary. Irrecoverable debts
are considered an administrative expense.
(8) A n adjustment has been made to remove £8,851 for sales made i n May 20X6 for products to be delivered in June
20X6. The correct entry has been made to the revenue account but, the corresponding entry has been posted to the
suspense account.
(9) O n 31 May 20X6 Waterford pic paid an insurance premium for annual cover up to 31 May 20X7. The full £55 was
included within administrative expenses at 31 May 20X6.
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Waterford pic for the year ended 31 May 20X6 and the statement of financial
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 3 1 May 20X6
Gross profit (W1)
Finance costs
Income tax expense
Profit/(loss) for the period
Statement of financial position as at 3 1 May 20X6
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property (W3)
Motor vehicles (W3)
Current assets
Inventories
Prepayments
Total assets
Equity
Share premium (W6)
Borrowings
Current liabilities
Trade payables
Accruals
Deferred income
Income tax payable
Total: 1 6 marks
1 1 Corrie Ltd is preparing its statement of changes in equity for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X6. Its opening retained
earnings balance at 1 January 20X6 was £1 51,600. The following balances a n d transactions arose during the year:
* Corrie Ltd issued 10,000 £1 equity shares at a premium of £0.80 per share o n 1 January 20X6
* Corrie Ltd made a bonus issue o n 1 March 20X6 of 5,000 £1 equity shares utilising retained earnings
* It paid a dividend totalling £1 6,000 on 31 October 20X6
“ It made a loss for the year of £17,800
Requirement
What is the closing balance of Corrie Ltd's retained earnings at 31 December 20X6?
A £148,400
B £112,800
C £130,800
D £134,000
LO 3c
1 1 Corrie Ltd is preparing its statement of changes in equity for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X6. Its opening retained
earnings balance at 1 January 20X6 was £1 51,600. The following balances a n d transactions arose during the year:
• Corrie Ltd issued 10,000 £1 equity shares at a premium of £0.80 per share o n 1 January 20X6
• Corrie Ltd made a bonus issue o n 1 March 20X6 of 5,000 £1 equity shares utilising retained earnings
“ It paid a dividend totalling £1 6,000 on 31 October 20X6
• It made a loss for the year of £17,300
Requirement
What is the closing balance of Corrie Ltd's retained earnings at 31 December 20X6?
A £148,400
B £112,300
C £130,800
D £134,000
LO 3 c
12 Dale Ltd is preparing its statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 20X8. The opening share capital
balance in the statement of changes in equity was £100,000, comprising 100,000 £1 equity shares which were issued a t a
premium of £0.50 per share. The following balances and transactions arose in the year:
■ Dale Ltd issued 20,000 £1 equity shares at price of £1 .70 per share o n 1 July 20X8
■ It made a bonus issue o n 1 October 20X8 of 1 0,000 £1 equity shares utilising retained earnings
• It paid a dividend totalling of 2 0 p per share to all shareholders o n 31 December 20X8
Requirement
What was the closing balance of share capital in the statement of changes in equity at 31 December 20X8?
A £144,000
B £104,000
C £118,000
D £130,000
LO 3c
13 The accountant is preparing the financial statement of Marge Ltd for the year ended 31 May 20X9. The accountant has
identified the following transactions which may require to be included i n the statement of changes in equity:
(1) A bonus issue made in the year
(2) A bank loan for £100,000 received during the year
(3) Dividends paid to equity shareholders
Requirement
Which of the above transactions should be included i n the statementof changes i n equity?
A 1 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1,2and3
LO 3c
14 Alabama Ltd has the following capital structure:
£'000
Redeemable 5% preference shares 100
Ordinary shares of £1 250
Irredeemable 6% preference shares 50
It earned a profit in the year ended 31 March 20X5 of £69,800 before accounting for any dividends payable on its
ordinary or preference shares.It paid a dividend of 12p per share in respect of its ordinary shares.
Requirement
What is Alabama Ltd's revised profit for the year ended 31 March 20X5 after accounting for the dividends payable?
A £64,800
B £66,800
C £34,800
D £61,800
LO2a
1 3 Statement of cash flows
1 Havisham pic
Extracts from the financial statements for Havisham pic for the year e n d e d 31 March 20X2 are as follows:
Operating profit 817,640

Finance income 2,000
Finance costs (89,600)
Profit before tax 730,040
Income tax (245,700)
Profit for year 484,340
Statements of financial position as at 31 March
20X2 20X1
£ £
Non-current assets
Property, plant a n d equipment 982,600 797,500
Intangible assets 580,040 386,900
Current assets
Inventories 430,040 285,550
Trade receivables 342,700 224,150
Investments in government bonds 40,000 10,000
Cash 37,470 3,800
Total assets 2,412,850 1,707,900
Equity
Ec|uity share capital (£1 shares} 312,400 232,800
Share premium 398,200 351,000
Borrowings 567,400 423,000
Preference shares 75,000 0
Current liabilities
Borrowings 115,600 51,000
Bank overdraft 51,200 27,230
Income tax payable 201,800 192,520
Trade payables 146,700 135,900
Accrued interest 9,750 12,350
Total equity and liabilities 2,412,850 1,707,900

Additional information
(1) Included i n profit from operations is a loss of £84,810 i n respect of the disposal of machinery in the year. This
machinery had a carrying amount of £127,800 at the disposal date,
(2) The depreciation charge for the year was £232,900.
(3) Included in trade payables at 31 March 20X2 is an amount of £13,900 in respect of a purchase of an item of property,
plant and equipment in the year that has not yet been paid for.
(4) Intangible assets costing £251,340 were purchased for cash during the year. Intangible assets with a carrying amount
of £17,000 were sold for £24,000 during the year. The profit o n disposal has been offset against operating costs.
(5) O n 1 April 20X1 Havisham pic made a one for ten bonus issue from share premium. A further share issue took place
in December 20X1 for cash.
(6) Havisham pic declared and paid a dividend during the year.
(7) Redeemable preference shares in the amount of £75,000 were issued during the year.
(8) A n impairment review at 31 December 20X7 identified a fall in the recoverable amount of intangible assets. As a
result, an impairment loss of £20,000 was identified and charged to administrative expenses.
(9) The government bonds are highly liquid and management has decided to class t h e m as cash equivalents. The finance
income in the statement of profit o r loss represents the interest income o n the bonds. The interest income was
received in cash during the year.
Requirement
Prepare a statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 March 20X2 in accordance with IAS 7.
SAMPLE EXAM (AMENDED)
Statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 March 20X2
Cash flows from operating activities
Profit before tax
Finance income
Finance costs
Depreciation
Amortisation (W1 )
Impairment charge (W1 )
Gain/loss o n sales of property, plant and equipment
Gain/loss o n sales of intangible assets
Movement in inventories
Movement in trade receivables
Movement in trade payables
Cash generated from operations
Tax paid (W2)
Interest paid {W3)
Net cash from/used in operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant a n d equipment (W4)
Purchase of intangible assets

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets
Interest received
Net cash from/used in investing activities ___________
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of shares {W5)
Movement in borrowings
Dividends paid (W6)
Net cash from/used in financing activities
Net increase/decrease in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
Total: 1 6 marks
2 Castle pk
As at 31 May 20X1 and 31 May 20X2, Castle pic had the following summarised statements of financial position:
20X2 20X1
£ £ £ £
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Cost 3,284,000 3,091,000
Accumulated depreciation (2,198,000) (2,001,000)
1,086,000 1,090,000
Intangible assets
Cost 9,360,000 8,645,000
Accumulated amortisation (3,690,000) (2 J 15,000)
5,670,000 5,930,000
Investments 2 J 45,000 127,000
8,901,000 7,147,000
Current assets
Inventories 1,112,000 1,086,000
Prepayments 95,000 108,000
Cash held in three-month deposits 60,000 40,000
Cash 299,000 182,000
2,514,000 2,256,000
Total assets 11,415,000 9,403,000
Equity
Ordinary share capital 1,800,000 1,000,000
Share premium 1,543,000 1,421,000
Retained earnings 2,689,000 746,000
6,032,000 3,167,000
15% debenture loan 3,000,000 4,500,000
Preference shares 100,000 0
Current liabilities
Trade payables 1,417,000 896,000
Accruals 225,000 337,000

2,283,000 1,736,000
Castle's statement of profit or loss for the year e n d e d 31 May 20X2 was as follows:
Revenue 8,646,000
Cost of sales (3,705,000)
Gross profit 4,941,000
Distribution costs (465,000)
Administrative expenses (621,000)
Operating profit 3,855,000

Profit before tax 3,370,000
Profit f o r t h e p e r i o d 2,686,000

(1) During the year plant and equipment with a n original cost of £1,201,000 and a carrying amount at the date of
disposal of £496,000 was sold at a loss of £1 89,000. As at 31 May 20X2 £165,000 of the sale proceeds had yet to be
received and is included within trade receivables. As at 31 May 20X1 the corresponding figure in respect of disposals
made during the year then e n d e d was £79,000, which was received in full in June 20X1 .
(2) As in the previous year, all acquisitions of property, plant and equipment made during the year were paid for in cash
at the date of acquisition. However, included within trade payables at 31 May 20X2 is £376,000 (20X1 : £nil) relating to
the acquisition of intangible assets.
(3) There were n o dispose Is of intangi b l e assets o r i n vestments d u r i n g t h e year. Trade receiva bles at 31 May 20X2
include £10,000 (20X1 : £8,000) in respect of interest receivable o n investments.
(4) As at 31 May 20X1 the ordinary share capital of Castle pic consisted of 1 million shares, each with a £1 nominal value.
The following day the company made a 1 for 2 bonus issue of 500,000 shares (utilising available profits).
(5) Dividends of £243,000 were paid during the year ended 31 May 20X2.
(6) The cash held in three-month deposits are classed as cash equivalents.
(7) During the year Castle pic issued 100,000 £1 redeemable preference shares.
(8) Included within accruals at 31 May 20X2 is £125,000 (20X1 :£75,000)for interest payable.
Requirement
Prepare a statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 May 20X2 in accordance with IAS 7.
£ £
Profit before tax
Finance income
Finance costs
Depreciation (W2)
Amortisation (W5)
Gain/loss o n sales of property, plant and equipment
Movement in trade receivables (W1 2)
Movement in prepayments
Movement in trade payables (W13)
Movement i n accruals (W1 1)
Tax paid (W7)
Interest paid (W1 0)
Purchase of intangible assets (W4)
Purchase of investments (W6)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment (W3)
Interest received
Net cash from/used in investing activities
Proceeds from issue of shares {W8)
Dividends paid
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Total: 1 6 marks
3 Tam pic
As at 30 November 20X1 and 30 November 20X2 Tam pic had the following summarised statements of financial position.
20X2 20X1
£ £ £ £
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant a n d equipment 2,543,000 2,401,000
Investments 406,000
3,499,000 2,985,000
Current assets
Trade and other receivables 480,000 465,000
Prepayments 96,000 126,000
Cash and cash equivalents 426,000 200,000
1,687,000 1,389,000
Total assets 5,186,000 4,374,000
Equity
Share premium account 342,000 200,000
Retained earnings 1,785,000 1311000

3,227,000 2,511,000
Borrowings 500,000 1,000,000
Redeemable preference shares 200,000 0

Current liabilities
Accruals 108,000 131,000
Provisions 120,000 140,000
1,259,000 863,000
Tam pic's statement of profit o r loss for the year e n d e d 30 November 20X2 was as follows.
Revenue 5,762,000
G ross p rofit 1,132, 000

Financecosts (68,000)
Profit f o r t h e p e r i o d 524, 000

(1) Included within trade payables at 30 November 20X2 is £351,000 (20X1: £106,000) relating to purchases of property,
plant and e q u i p m e n t
(2) Included within accruals at 30 November 20X2 is £25,000 (20X1: £50,000) for interest payable.
(3) Property, plant a n d equipment and intangible assets can be analysed as shown in the 'Property, plant and equipment
a n d intangible assets' table below.
(4) During the year, plant with an original cost of £479,000 and a carrying amount at the date of disposal of £326,000
was sold for £424,000 which was received in cash.
(5) Tam pic received £20,000 during the year from the sale of highly liquid investments, which were classed as cash
equivalents.
(6) During the year, Tam pic made a 1 for 20 bonus issue of its ordinary shares. The subsequent issue of shares was made
a t a premium.
(7) Included i n trade a n d other receivables at the year-end was £25,000 in relation to finance income. The corresponding
figure for 20X1 was £1 5,000.
(3) Intangible assets with accumulated amortisation at the date of disposal of £40,000 were sold for £1 2,000. There were
n o acquisitions of intangible assets during the year.
(9) Redeemable preference shares in the amount of £200,000 were issued during the year.
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
20X2 20X1
£ £
Cost o r valuation 7,464,000 6,375,000
Accumulated depreciation (4,921,000) (3,974,000)
2,543,000 2,401,000
Intangible assets
Cost 883,000 938,000
Accumulated amortisation (333,000) (354,000)
550,000 584,000
Requirement
Prepare a statement of cash flows for Tam pic, for the year ended 3 0 November 20X2 in accordance with IAS 7.
Profit before tax
Finance income
Finance costs
Depreciation (W5)
Amortisation (W3)
Gain/loss o n sales of property, plant and equipment (W8)
Gain/loss o n sales of intangible assets
Movement in trade and other receivables (W10)
Movement in prepayments
Movement i n accruals
Movement in provisions
Tax paid (W7)
Interest paid {W6)
Purchase of investments
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets (W9)
Interest received (W1 1 )
Proceeds from issue of shares (W1 and W2)
Dividends paid (W8)

Total: 1 6 marks
4 Kaya pic
The following are the draft financial statements for Kaya pic for the year ended 31 December 20X7.
Revenue 7,350,500
Cost of sales (4,560,600}
Administrative expenses (1,060,800)

Profit for the period 561,100
Statements of financial position as at 31 December 20X7 and 20X6
20X7 20X6
£ £ £ £
ASSETS
Non-current assets
7,336,100 7,014,000
Current assets
Shortterm investments 25,000 12,400
Cash and cash equivalents 10,700 20,200
265,200 542,200
Total assets 7,601,300 7,556,200
Equity
Share premium account 1,200,000 950,000
Retained earnings 1,342,800 2,206,700
6,542,800 6,656,700
Preference share capital (redeemable) 500,000 400,000
Current liabilities
558,500 499,500
(1) During the year Kaya pic issued redeemable preference shares at par.
(2) The investments meet the definition ofcash equivalents.
(3) During the year Kaya pic sold plant and equipment with a carrying amount of £560,500 for £600,000. Total
depreciation charges for the year were £750,600.
(4) Trade payables include accrued interest of £5,000 (20X6: £7,000).
(5) Kaya pic acquired new intangible assets at a cost of £77,500 during the year.
(6) Incl uded i n trade receivables is fi nanee income of £14,500 (20X6: £2,000).
(7) An impairment review at 31 December 20X7 identified a fall in the recoverable amount of intangible assets. As a
result, an impairment loss of £15,000 was identified and written off to administrative expenses.
(8) Included in trade payables is £10,000 which relates to the purchase of machinery.
(9) During the year Kaya pic made a 1 for 100 bonus issue of its ordinary shares.
Requirement
Prepare a statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 December 20X7 in accordance with IAS 7.
Profit before tax
Finance income {W1)
Finance costs (W3)
Depreciation
Amortisation (W6)
Impairment charge
Gain/loss on sales of property, plant and equipment
Movement in trade receivables (W7)
Tax paid (W2)
Interest paid {W3)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment (W4)

Interest received (W1 )
Dividends paid (W1 0}
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at e n d of year
Total: 1 6 marks
5 Siena pic
The following are the draft financial statements for Siena pic for the year ended 31 March 20X5.
Revenue 5,645,500
Finance charge (89,000)
Statements of financial position as at 31 March 20X5 and 20X4
20X5 20X4
£ £ £ £
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Investments 172,000 1 56,000
4,532,400 3,106,300
Current assets
Investment in government bonds 105,000 100,000
Cash 180,000 20,200
1,014,600 729,800
Total assets 5,547,000 3,836,100
Equity
Share premium account 1,050,000 850,000
4,192,500 2,724,500
Loan 556,000 472,000
Preference shares (redeemable) 150,000 0
Current liabilities
648,500 639,600
(1) During the year Siena pic made a 1 for 10 bonus issue of its ordinary shares.It subsequently issued further shares at
the market price.
(2) An impairment review at 31 March 20X5 identified a fall in the recoverable amount of certain non- current
investments. As a result, an impairment loss of £12,000 was identified and written off to administrative expenses.
(3) During the year Siena pic acquired plant and equipment for cash of £2,057,000. In addition, plant and equipment
with a fair value of £600,000 was acquired through a long-term loan. The depreciation charge for the year, charged to
cost of sales, was £750,600. A loss on sale of plant of £55,000 was made during the year.
(4) Interest payable of £10,000 has been included in trade payables at year end. The corresponding figure in 20X4 was
£5,000.
(5) The government bonds are highly liquid and management has decided to class them as cash equivalents. The finance
income in the statement of profiler loss represents the interest income on the bonds. The interest income was
received in cash during the year.
(6) Siena pic issued £150,000 redeemable preference shares during the year.
(7) Included in trade payables is £10,000 in relation to the acquisition of long-term investments.
Requirement
Prepare a statement of cash flows for Siena pic the year ended 31 March 20X5 in accordance with IAS 7.
£
Profit before tax
Finance income
Finance costs
--------------------1
Depreciation
Impairment
Gain/loss on sales of property, plant and equipment
Tax paid (W2)
Interest paid {W7)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Purchase of investments (W10)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment (W4)
Interest received
Movement in borrowings (W1)
Dividends paid (W3)

use the 'add comment' function to record your workings and answers.
Total:16 marks
6 Part of the process of preparing a cash flow statement is the calculation of net cash flows from operating activities.
Requirement
Which of the following statements about that calculation using the indirect method are correct?
(1) Loss on sale of non-current assets should be deducted from profit before tax,
(2) Increase in inventories should be deducted from profit before tax.
(3) Increase in trade payables should be added to profit before tax.
(4) Impairment losses should be added to profit before tax.
A 1 , 2 and 3
B 1,2and4
C 1 , 3 and 4
D 2, 3 and 4
LO 3c
LO oC
7 In the course of preparing a statement of cash flows, the following figures are to be included in the calculation of net cash
flows from operating activities.
Depreciation charges 900,000

Impairment losses 80,000
Profit on sale of non-current assets 40,000
Increase in inventories 130,000
Decrease in trade receivables 100,000
Increase in trade payables 80,000
Requirement
What will the net effect of these items be in the statement ofcash flows?
A Addition to cash flows from operating activities: £890,000
B Deduction from cash flows from operating activities: £890,000
C Addition to cash flows from operating activities: £1,070,000
D Addition to cash flows from operating activities: £990,000
LO 3c
8 An extract from a statement of cash flows prepared by a trainee accountant is shown below.
£m
Profit before tax 28
Depreciation (9)
Decrease in inventories 13
Increase in trade receivables (4)
Increase in trade payables (8)
Cash generated from operations 20
Requirement
Which of the following criticisms of this extract are correct?
(1) Depreciation charges should have been added, not deducted.
(2) Decrease in inventories should have been deducted, not added.
(3) Increase in trade receivables should have been added, not deducted.
(4) Increase in trade payables should have been added, not deducted.
A 2 and 4
B 2 and 3
C 1 and 3
D 1 and 4
LO 3c
9 Bailey disposes of an asset with a carrying amount of £21,000 for £30,000 on 7 July 20X1.
Requirement
How will this transaction be shown in cash flows from operating activities?
A Cash flows from operating activities: £(9,000)
B Cash flows from operating activities: £9,000
C Cash flows from operating activities: £(21,000)
D Cash flows from operating activities: £21,000
LO 3c
1 0 An extract from the statement of financial position for Highmead has the following balances:
20X5 20X4
£ £
Current liabilities
The tax expense in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 20X5 was £160,000 and £150,000 in the year ended
20X4.
Requirement
What is the amount of tax that Highmead paid or received in the year ended 20X5?
A £20,000 paid
B £20,000 received
C £10,000 paid
D £10,000 received
LO 3c
11 The following extracts are taken from the financial statements of Radio for the years ended 31 March 20X4 and 20X5:
Statement of financial position extract:
20X5 20X4
£ £
Statement of profit or loss extract:
20X5
£
Finance charge (15,000)
Requirement
What is the cash generated from operations to b e included in the statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 March
20X5?
A £626,600
B £748,800
C £815,600
D £845,600
LO 3c
1 In the UK which of the following are responsible for the preparation of company annual financial statements?
A The shareholders
B The board of directors
C The auditors
D The members
LO l a

Creditors falling due after more than one year are equivalent to current liabilities.
A True
B False
Non-current assets are equivalent to fixed assets.
C True
D False
LO 3c
3 Teacup Ltd uses the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method to value its stocks of finished goods. At 1 January there were stocks of
2 5 units that had cost £54 each. During January the following transactions occurred:
8 January 1 0 units were sold for £62 each
15 January 10 units were purchased for £55 each
Requirement
What was the value of Teacup Ltd's closing stock at 31 January?
A £815
B £810
C £825
D £820
LO 1d
4 Diamond Ltd issues 250,000 equity shares with a nominal value of £2 each at a price of £3.55 each for cash.
Requirement
Which of the following sets of entries would b e made to record this transaction?
A Credit Bank £887,500; Debit Share capital £500,000; Debit Share premium £387,500
B Debit Bank £887,500; Credit Share capital £250,000; Credit Share premium £637,500
C Debit Bank £887,500; Credit Share capital £500,000; Credit Share premium £387,500
D Credit Bank £887,500; Debit Share capital £250,00; Debit Share premium £637,500
LO 1d, 1e, 2 d
3 Teacup Ltd uses the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method to value its stocks of finished goods. At 1 January there were stocks of
2 5 units that had cost £54 each. During January the following transactions occurred:
15 January 10 units were purchased for £55 each
Requirement
What was the value of Teacup Ltd's closing stock at 31 January?
A £815
B £810
C £825
D £820
LO 1 d
4 Diamond Ltd issues 250,000 equity shares with a nominal value of £2 each at a price of £3.55 each for cash.
Requirement
Which of the following sets of entries would b e made to record this transaction?
A Credit Bank £887,500; Debit Share capital £500,000; Debit Share premium £387,500
B Debit Bank £887,500; Credit Share capital £250,000; Credit Share premium £637,500
D Credit Bank £887,500; Debit Share capital £250,00; Debit Share premium £637,500
LO 1d, 1e, 2 d
5 The following balances have been extracted from Saracen Ltd's trial balance at 31 December 20X8:
Debit Credit
£ £
Retained profits at 1 January 20X8 4,695,600
10% debentures issued in 20X5 1,300,000
Debenture interest paid 65,000
Operating profit for the year ended 31 December 20X8 is £520,000. Corporation tax for the year has been estimated at
£156,000.
Requirement
What is the figure for retained profits in Saracen Ltd's balance sheet as at 31 December 20X8?
A £4,929,600
B £4,994,600
C £5,059,600
D £5,215,600
LO 1d, 3c
6 Which of the following transactions are not recorded in a company's cash at bank account?
A Bonus issue of shares
B Sale of goods for cash to a customer
C Receipt of loan from a bank
D Purchase for cash of shares in another company
LO 1c, 1 d
1 5 Sole t r a d e r financial statements u n d e r U K GAAP
1 A sole traders' private petrol bills have been treated as part of the business' motor vehicle expenses. Which of the
following journals corrects the error?
A Debit Drawings account, Credit Motor vehicle expenses account
B Debit Motor vehicle expenses account. Credit Drawings account
C Debit Motor vehicle expenses account. Credit Capital account
D Debit Capital account. Credit Motor vehicle expenses account
LO 1d, 1e, 2c
2 The capital account of a sole trader has been written u p as follows.

CAPITAL ACCOUNT
£ £
Balance b/d 270
Drawings 6,200
Balance c/d 19,470 Net Profit 13,000
19,470 19,470
The balance brought d o w n is entered correctly and the other entries are all correct in a m o u n t
Requirement
What is the correct balance carried down?
A A d e b i t balance of £7,070
B A credit bala nee of £7,070
C A d e b i t balance of £19,470
D A credit balance of £1 9,470
LO 1ld, 1e
3 A gas accrual for £400 at the reporting date was treated as a prepayment in a sole trader's financial statements. As a result,
the profit was:
B understated by £400
C overstated by £800
LO2a
4 Avery is a sole trader who prepares their financial statements each year to 31 May. Avery's rent is payable quarterly in
advance o n 1 January, 1 April, 1 July and 1 October. Local property taxes are paid each year in two equal instalments o n 1
April and 1 October.
Avery's annual rental for the calendar years 20X6 and 20X7 was £4,800 and £5,400 respectively but o n 1 January 20X8
this was increased to £6,600 per annum. Local property tax for the last three years has been as follows:
Year commencing 1 April 20X6 3,600
Requirement
In preparing his financial statements for the year ended 31 May 20X8, the charge to the profit and loss account from his
rent and local property tax account would b e :
A £9,900
B £10,100
C £10,200
D £10,300
LO I d , 3c
5 A local taxes prepayment of £475 at the reporting date was treated as an accrual in preparing a trader's profit and loss
account. As a result, his profit was:
B overstated by £950
C understated by £475
LO2a
6 The net assets of Wei's business decreased by £11,025 over the year to 31 October 20X7. During that year Wei had paid
in additional capital of £14,000, drawn £875 in cash each month and, o n one occasion, taken goods costing £2,625 for
their own use.
Requirement
The loss made b y Wei's business for the year ended 31 October 20X7 was:
A £10,150
B £11,900
C £21,525
D £25,025
LO 1d, 1e, 3a
7 Harsha has been unable to calculate her business' profit o r loss for the year ended 31 December 20X8 as a fire destroyed
most of her accounting records. She has, however, been able to provide the following information.
(1) Net assets at 31 December 20X7 were £23,000 and £32,500 at 31 December 20X8.
(2) Harsha introduced capital during the year of £4,000 cash.
(3) Harsha took cash drawings of £2,500 and goods with a selling price of £800. The cost of the g o o d s was £750.
Requirement
What was Harsha's profit o r loss for the year e n d e d 31 December 20X8?
A £8,750 profit
B £(1,750) loss
C £9,800 profit
D £(2,750) loss
LO 1d, 1e, 3a
8 Alex's net assets have increased by £127,000 over the year. Alex took drawings of £47,000 and paid in the proceeds from
a personal property sale amounting to £25,000. Alex's net profit for the year was:
A £55,000
B £105,000
C £149,000
D £199,000
LO 1d, 1e, 3a
9 A business has net assets of £286,400 o n 31 January 20X6 and had net assets of £266,800 o n 31 January 20X5. During
the year the owner of the business:
(1) took goods for his own use which cost £1 0,000 and had a market value of £1 4,000;
(2) introduced capital of £50,000; and
(3) withdrew £30,000 as salary.
Requirement
The profit for the year was:
A £9,600
B £30,400
C £70,400
D £109,600
LO 1d, 1e, 3a
10 Which two of the following could be classified as current liabilities in the balance sheet of a sole trader?
A Owner's capital
B Accrued interest charges
C Drawings
D Lease liability
E Income tax payable
LO 3c
11 Which of the following equations represents the closing capital of a sole trader?
A Opening capital - capital introduced + profit - drawings
B Opening capital - capital introduced - profit + drawings
C Opening capital + capital introduced + profit - drawings
D Opening capital + capital introduced - loss + drawings
LO 1e, 3a, 3c
12 Sam has discovered the following errors and omissions in their accounting records for the year ended 31 August 20X6:
(1) A payment of £180 received from a customer on 30 August 20X6 was returned dishonoured by the customer's bank
on 31 August 20X6. No entries have been made in the accounting records for the returned payment
(2) An invoice for £12 was raised by the bookkeeper and entered into the accounting records by the computerised
accounting system; however, it was later discovered that it should have been a credit note.
Requirement
Which of the following journals will be entered in Sam's nominal ledger accounts in order to correct these errors and
omissions?
A Debit Debtors £156, Debit Sales £24, Credit Cash £180
B Debit Cash £180, Credit Debtors £156, Credit Sales £24
C Debit Debtors £168, Debit Sales £12, Credit Cash £180
D Debit Bad debts expense £180, Debit Debtors £24, Credit Cash £180, Credit Sales £24
LO 1d, 2c
13 Which three of the following could be found in the financial statements of a sole trader?
A Fixed assets
B Share premium
C Drawings
D Dividends paid
E
LO 3c
14 Sunil started business on 1 December 20X3, introducing cash of £5,000 on that date, Sunil has not yet prepared a full set
of financial statements. As at the end of the first reporting period, 30 November 20X4, Sunil has cash at bank of £1,726.
Sunil made sales of £33,498 during the period and paid expenses in cash of £19,385. Sunil has no outstanding creditors
at the end of the period, and has no fixed assets or stock, but one customer owes £2,387.
Requirement
Assuming Sunil made no other capital injections but took drawings of £15,000 in the period, identify the profit for the 12-
month reporting period to 30 November 20X4 and the net assets at the end of the period on an accrual basis.
A Net profit of £11,726, net assets of £1,726
B Net profit of £14,11 3, net assets of £4,11 3
C Net profit of £11,726, net assets of £4,11 3
D Net profit of £14,11 3, net assets of £1,726
LO 11d, 3b
15 Randolph started a trading business o n 1 May 20X4 with capital of £40,000. In his first year of trading, h e made a net profit
of £1 1 7,000, selling goods at a mark-up o n cost of 60%. He injected additional capital of £30,000 in the year and withdrew
a monthly amount of £3,200 for his living expenses. He also took drawings from stock of g o o d s with a resale value of
£7,200. He had no stock at the year end.
Requirement
What was the amount of Randolph's net assets at 30 April 20X5?
A £141,400
B £144,100
C £144,280
D £179,300
LO 3a
16 Mushtaq, a sole trader, has the following information at the start a n d e n d of his second year of trading.
At 31 December 20X0 At 1 January 20X0
£ £
Fixed assets (net b o o k value) 46,000 39,400
Stock 18,900 1 5,600
Trade debtors 8,400 11,500
Trade creditors 7,500 10,200
Cash in hand 6,400 6,600
During 20X0 Mushtaq introduced £3,000 capital. He took stock for his own use that cost £500 a n d paid himself £750 per
month.
Requirement
What is Mushtaq 's profit or loss for 20X0?
A £15,800 profit
B £2,800 loss
C £16,300 profit
D £18,800 profit
LO 3a
1 6 Practice exam
1 Shindig pic
The following trial balance was extracted from the nominal ledger of Shindig pic, a computer game developer, o n 31
December 20X4. Shindig pic sells its games to individual and wholesale customers.
£ £
Licence 60,000
Work in progress, 1 January 20X4 125,500
Buildings 220,000
Equity share capital - £1 nominal value 500,000
5% Preference share capital (redeemable} - £1 nominal value 120,000
Revenue 1,705,600
Developer staff costs (charged to cost of sales) 620,400
Accumulated depreciation o n buildings, 1 January 20X4 60,000
Inventories of finished games, 1 January 20X4 1 55,600

Consultancy fees paid (charged to other operating expenses) 44,000
Computer hardware and servers 1 30,000
Accumulated depreciation o n computer hardware and servers, 1 January 20X4 20,000
Income tax 12,400
Equity dividend paid, 30 September 20X4 125,000
Allowance for receivables 18,765
Bank account 440,200
Raw materials 294,500

Retained earnings, 1 January 20X4 102,300
2,700,500 2,700,500
The following additional information is available:

(1) Closing finished inventories are valued at cost of £180,000 whilst work i n progress has increased to £140,000. These
valuations d o not take into account the fact that, at the year-end physical inventory count, it was discovered that a
range of games which had a total cost of £5,000 had been subject to negative publicity and were expected to be sold
for a significantly reduced price of £500 i n total.
(2) The licence was acquired o n 1 January 20X4 in respect of exclusive rights to sell games i n a specific market for a
period of three years. If the company chose to d o so, it could sell these rights o n without there being a significant
impact o n the remainder of the business.
(3) Buildings are depreciated over 20 years. Computers are depreciated over five years. Both depreciation and
amortisation are charged to other operating expenses.
(4) Shindig pic received notice o n 1 5 January 20X5 that one of its customers, X Limited, had gone into liquidation. This
customer owed £45,000 at the year-end which should be written off as an irrecoverable debt. Shindig pic determined
that an allowance for receivables totalling £18,765 was required. There was n o allowance for receivables in the prior
year. The credit entry has been correctly recorded b u t the debit entry has been made to the suspense account.
Irrecoverable debts are charged to other operating expenses.
(5) There is a n estimated income tax bill in relation t o 20X4 of £1 20,000. The income tax figure i n the trial balance (a
credit balance] represents the difference between the income tax payable balance at 31 December 20X3 and the
income tax paid in the year.
(6) During the year, Shindig pic made a 1 for 4 bonus issue of equity shares from share premium. The correct entry has
been made to share capital, however the corresponding entry has been made to the suspense account.
(7) A n electronic payment was issued to a supplier i n the amount of £5,000 o n 31 December 20X4. This was not
recorded in the accounting records of Shindig pic until 1 January 20X5.
(3) There has been a lot of publicity surrounding Shindig pic's newest game, 'Warpaint', which is due to be released in
March 20X5. Due to the high level of interest Shindig p Ic ha ve aIlowed custome rs to pay for the ga me in ad va nee to
ensure that they receive their copy of the g a m e on the release date. Shindig pic was unclear how to account for the
advance payments totalling £35,000 so included it in the suspense account.
(9) O n e of Shindig pic's employees has launched a legal case against the company in respect of unfair dismissal. Shindig
pic's lawyers believe the former employee will win their case and damages are expected to be in the region of
£10,000. Provisions are charged to other operating expenses.
Requirement
Prepare the statement of profit o r loss for Shindig pic for the year ended 31 December 20X4 and the statement of
financial position at that date.
Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Other operating expenses
Operating profit
Finance costs
Income tax expense
Profit/(loss) for the year
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Buildings (W1 )
Computers (W1)
Intangible assets (W4)
Current assets
Inventories (W5)
Cash and cash equivalents (440,200- 5,000)
Total assets
EQUITY A N D LIABILITIES
Equity
Borrowings (redeemable preference share capital)
Current liabilities
Trade payables (80,200 - 5,000)
Accruals (120,000 x 5%)
Deferred income
Provision
Income tax payable
Total: 1 6 marks
2 Which three of the following users of financial statements are likely to be interested in the financial statements of a small
private company?
A Stock market analysts
B Company employees
C The company's bank
D Institutional shareholders
E Suppliers
LO 11a
3 Which of the following accounting treatments derive from the accrual accounting concept?
(1) Writedown of a non-current asset which has suffered a fall in value
(2) Opening and closing inventory adjustments
(3) Capitalisation and amortisation of development expend itu re
A land 2
B 3 only
C 2 and 3
D 1 only
LO3b
4 In times of rising prices, what effect does the use of the historical cost concept have o n a company's asset values and
profit?
A Asset values and profit are both understated
B Asset values and profit are both overstated
C Asset values are understated and profit is overstated
D Asset values are overstated and profit is understated
LO I d , 3 b
5 Harley has downloaded a transaction report from their electronic banking system. The report shows a receipt of £565
which the computerised accounting system has not been able to automatically match to a transaction.
Requirement
Which of the following transactions is most likely to have resulted in the unmatched receipt?
A A payment made to settle a supplier invoice of £600 o n which a prompt payment discount of £35 has been taken
B A standing order paid in respect of rental charges of £565 for the month
C Proceeds of £565 from the sale of machinery to a competitor
D A receipt from a credit customer in settlement of an invoice of £565
LO 1c
6 Rose Ltd was set up o n 1 May 20X8 with opening capital of £1,000. During the month of May 20X8, it entered into the
following transactions:
Purchases of goods for resale, o n credit 1 2, 100
Payments to credit suppliers 8,400
Sales o n credit 1 6,200
Sales in cash 1,300

Receipts from credit customers 3,200
Non-current assets purchased for cash 1,500
Depreciation 100
Other expenses, all paid in cash 800
Requirement
What is the profit for the period earned by Rose Ltd in the month of May 20X8?
A £3,200
B £5,400
C £4,500
D £3,000
LO 3c
7 Two errors have been found in Trim pic's accounts:
(1) It was agreed that the credit balance of £420 in Avery's payables ledger should b e offset against their account in the
receivables ledger, b u t n o entries have been made i n trade receivables o r trade payables to reflect this.
(2) The balance of £510 owed b y Taylor, a credit customer, is irrecoverable, however the journal entry posted to write off
the irrecoverable debt was made for £1 50 in error.
Requirement
The journal that corrects both these errors is:
A Debit Trade payables £420, Debit Irrecoverable debts expense £360, Credit Trade receivables £780
B Debit Trade receivables £780, Credit Irrecoverable debts expense £360, Credit Trade payables £420
C Debit Trade payables £780, Credit Irrecoverable debts expense £360, Credit Trade receivables £420
D Debit Trade receivables £420, Debit Irrecoverable debts expense £360, CreditTrade payables £780
LO 2c
8 Nimbus pic has prepared its draft financial statements for the year ending 30 June 20X0. Following a physical inventory
count, it was discovered that inventory at a cost of £18,000 had been stolen. Nimbus pic has insurance which covers 40%
of the cost of inventory stolen. The insurance company has agreed to settle the claim, b u t n o money has yet been
received. N o accounting entries have been made in respect of the stolen inventory.
Requirement
Correcting this matter will:
A increase net profit by £7,200
B decrease net profit by £7,200
C increase net profit by £ 1 0,800
D decrease net profit by £1 0,800
LO2a
9 A bakery business, which is registered for VAT, issued the following invoice to one of its customers:
Invoice: 1005
Date: 8 May 20X8 £
Cakes: 150 @ £ 1 2 1,800
Less 5% trade discount (90)

1,710
Requirement
Assuming the VAT rate is 20% and that the invoice amounts are exclusive of VAT, what amount of VAT should have been
charged on the invoice?
A £360
B £300
C £285
D £342
LO 1c
LO 1 c
1 0 The ICAEW Code of Ethics is a principles-based system. Which two of the following statements are correct regarding a
principles-based code of ethics?
A A principles-based system cannot accommodate a rapidly changing environment
B N o judgement is required in determining what action is needed
C The guidance needs to be long and detailed to cover every issue
D It reduces the risk of loopholes arising
E Accountants are expected to follow the spirit as well as the letter of the guidance
LO I f
11 As at 31 December 20X1 the transaction report downloaded from a company's electronic banking system shows an
overdraft of £1,500. The transaction report includes bank charges of £30 which have not yet been recorded in the
company's cash at bank account O n 2 9 December 20X1 the company had made a payment of £500 to a supplier and
received cash of £200 from a credit customer; neither of these items appear in the bank statement
Requirement
The overdraft o n the bank balance in the company's statement of financial position as at 31 December 20X1 should be:
A £1,800
B £1,830
C £1,200
D £1,230
LO2b
12 A review of the receivables ledger reveals that debts totalling £985 are considered irrecoverable a n d are to b e written off.
The allowance for receivables is to be increased by £100.
Requirement
What is the journal entry required to adjust the allowance for receivables and to write off the irrecoverable debts?
A DEBIT Allowance for receivables £100, DEBIT Irrecoverable debts expense £985, CREDITTrade receivables £1,085
B DEBIT Allowance for receivables £100, DEBITTrade receivables £985, CREDIT Irrecoverable debts expense £1,085
C DEBIT Irrecoverable debts expense £1,085, CREDITTrade receivables £1,085
D DEBIT Irrecoverable debts expense £1,085, CREDIT Allowance for receivables £100, CREDITTrade receivables £985
LO 3c
13 Bark pic has yet to account for sales commission of £1,755 owed to its employees for sales made during the year. Sales
commission is included within distribution costs.
Requirement
Which two of the following entries of £1,755 should Bark pic make at the year-end i n respect of the sales commission?
A Debit the accruals account
C Debit the distribution costs account
D C red it the d i str i buti o n costs account
E Credit the prepayments account
F Credit the accruals account
LO I d
1 4 Brindal pic acquired five apartments o n 1 June 20X4 a n d immediately rented t h e m out to different tenants. Brindal pic has
a credit balance o n its rental income account in the trial balance as at 31 May 20X5 of £22,850. It has yet to record rental
income in arrears for Apartment 1 as at 31 May 20X5 of £4,490 and rental income in advance for Apartment 4 of £7,720
also at 31 May 20X5.
Requirement
What amount will appear for rental income in Brindal pic's statement of profit or loss for the year e n d e d 31 May 20X5?
A £19,620
B £22,850
C £26,080
D £37,340
LO 3c
15 Cornucopia pic applies a standard mark-up of 25% o n cost During 20X9, its sales were £125,000 and its purchases were
£80,000. Opening inventory was £35,000. The company d i d not carry out an inventory count at 31.12.X9 and has n o
records of a n inventory figure at that date.
Requirement
Using the information above, what should the closing inventory be?
A £15,000
B £21,250
C £48,750
D £55,00
LO I d
16 Violet has a machine which cost £68,000 o n 1 September 20X5. It is being depreciated o n the straight-line basis over 1 0
years to its residual value of £8,000. On 31 August 20X7, Violet carried o u t an impairment review and has assessed that
the machine had a fair value less disposal costs of £51,000 and a value in use of £49,000.
Requirement
What is the total amount charged to p r o f i l e r loss in respect of the machine in the year ended 31 August 20X7?
A £6,000
B £6,800
C £11,000
D £13,000
LO I d
17 McClown pic has the following information in its financial statements relating to fixtures and fittings as at 31 December:
20X9 20X8
£ £
Cost 600,000 480,000
Accumulated depreciation 180,000 21 8,000
Carrying amount 420,000 262,000
During the year to 31 December 20X9, the following transactions occurred in relation to fixtures and fittings:
(1) Additions £284,000
(2) Sales proceeds from disposals £178,800
(3) Depreciation charge £66,400
Requirement
What is McClown pic's profit o r loss o n disposals of fixtures a n d fittings in the year e n d e d 31 December 20X9?
A £11 9,200 loss
B £119,200 profit
C £196,800 profit
D £196,800 loss
LO 1 d
18 Waddy Ltd prepares its financial statements in accordance with UK GAAP. At the e n d of its first year of trading o n 30 June
20X1 Waddy Ltd's net assets are £207,594. It has share capital of £50,000 made u p of 2 5 p equity shares issued at 40p
each, and a retained profits reserve of £107,594.
Requirement
Which of the following statements could be true in relation t o W a d d y Ltd's balance sheet at 30 June 20X1?
A It has other reserves of £50,000.
B It has share premium of £100,000.
C It has other reserves of £20,000.
D It has share premium of £50,000.
LO 1 d, 3a, 3c
1 9 O n 1 April 20X0 a sole trader paid £3,080 in local taxes for the year ending 31 March 20X1 . This was an increase of 1 0%
o n the charge for the previous year.
Requirement
What is the correct charge for local taxes in the sole trader's profit and loss account for the year ended 31 December
20X0?
A £2,870
B £3,003
C £3,010
D £3,080
LO 1d, 3c
2 0 Hal Ltd discovered that an error had taken place during its inventory count for the year e n d e d 31 March 20X7. Some
inventory was double counted, which lead to closing inventory being £1,298 higher than cost. The directors of Hal Ltd d o
not plan to correct for this error.
Requirement
What is the impact of the error o n the profit for the years ended 31 March 20X7 and 31 March 20X8 if it remains
uncorrected?
A Profit for the year ended 31 March 20X7 is overstated, Profit for the year ended 31 March 20X3 is overstated.
B Profit for the year ended 31 March 20X7 is overstated, Profit for the year ended 31 March 20X3 is understated.
C Profit for the year ended 31 March 20X7 is understated, Profit for the year ended 31 March 20X3 is understated.
D Profit for the year ended 31 March 20X7 is understated, Profit for the year ended 31 March 20X3 is overstated.
LO I d , 3c
21 A limited company is preparing its financial statements.
Requirement
Which of the following is true regarding financial statements prepared under IAS 1?
A Leased assets never appear in the statement of financial position
B The cost and accumulated depreciation of property, plant and equipment must b e shown o n the face of the
statement of financial position
C All companies must prepare a Statement ofCash Flows
D Preference shares are always recognised in equity
22 At 1 January 20X5 Tandem pic had an allowance for receivables in its ledger accounts totalling £2,375. On 30 June 20X5
Basnet pic's liquidator informed Tandem pic that it would not make any further payments a n d therefore Basnet pic’s
outstanding debt of £200 should b e written off. At 31 December 20X5 Ost pic paid £500 of an amount written off as
irrecoverable in the previous year. Tandem pic's allowance for receivables needs to b e increased by £800 at 31 December
20X5.
Requirement
What amount for irrecoverable debts expense should be included in Tandem pic’s statement of profit o r loss for the year
A £500 d e b i t
B £500 credit
C £1,275 debit
D £1,275 credit
LO I d , 3c
23 Which two of the following are enhancing qualitative characteristics in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting?
A Materiality
B Verifiability
C Comparability
D Consistency
LO 1 b
24 Which of the following statements about statements of cash flows is/are correct?
(1) A statement ofcash flows prepared using the direct method produces a different figure for net cash flows generated
from operations compared to that produced when the indirect method is used.
(2) A rights issues of shares will not feature in statements of cash flows.
(3) A bonus issue of shares will not appear as an item in a statement of cash flows.
(4) A profit on the sale of a non-current asset will appear as an item under Cash Flows from Investing Activities in a
statement of cash flows.
A 1 and 4
B 2 and 3
C 3 only
D 2 and 4
LO 3c
25 Part of a draft statement of cash flows is shown below:
£'000
Depreciation charges (2/60)
Proceeds of sale of non-current assets 360
Increase in inventories (330)
Increase in trade payables 440
The following criticisms of the above extract have been made:
(1) Depreciation charges should have been added, not deducted.
(2) Increase in inventories should have been added, not deducted.
(3) Increase in trade payables should have been deducted, not added.
(4) Proceeds of sale of non-current assets should not appear in this part of the statement of cash flows.
Requirement
Which of these criticisms are valid?
A 2 and 3 only
B 1 and 4 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2and4only
LO 3c
Introduction to accounting
1 The correct answer is:

C on the acquisition of non-current assets, o r improvement in their earning capacity
Capital expenditure relates to the acquisition of, o r improvement of the earning capacity of, non-current assets.

D Legal fees incurred o n the purchase of a building
Professional fees incurred o n the acquisition of a non-current asset are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. The
other costs are revenue expenditure and are therefore written off as expenses in the year.

B £800 spent o n purchasing a new laptop to replace the secretary's o l d one
Item A is drawings, C is the acquisition of a current asset in the form of inventory, and D is a revenue expense.

D Materiality
Information is affected by its materiality. A, B and C are all characteristics contributing to information being a faithful
representation of what it claims to represent

A Comparability, understandability, timeliness, verifiability
This is set o u t in para graph 2. 23-2.36 of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting.
6 The correct answers are:

A Establish levels of tax revenue
C Produce national statistics
The government a n d its agencies require information relating to b o t h tax a n d national statistics. Whether the business
will continue as a going concern (B) is an issue for the sole trader, its suppliers, customers and employees. Probably
only the sole trader is interested in their o w n stewardship (D) of the business's resources; this is really only an issue for
company owners, as is (E).
SAMPLE EXAM (amended)
B the statement of financial position
The financial position of an entity is reflected in the resources it controls (assets), financial structure (debt and capital),
liquidity (cash) and solvency (ability to pay its debts). Most of this information is provided in the statement of financial
position (B).
The statement of profit o r loss primarily provides information about an entity's financial performance, while the
statement ofcash flows reflects changes in the cash position in the period. Retained earnings is a figure in the
statement of financial position which accumulates retained profits less any retained losses over the entity's life.
o i n e correct answers are:

A The econom ic resou rces it controls
D The claims o n a n entity's resource (the entity's liabilities)
The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting states that information about the economic resources (A) and
claims (D) of an entity can help users to identify the reporting entity's financial strengths and weaknesses. That
information can then be used to help users to assess the reporting entity's liquidity and solvency.

A To show the results of management's stewardship of the resources entrusted to it
C To provide information about the financial position, financial performance a n d cash flows of an entity that is useful to a
wide range of users in making economic decisions
IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements provides the objective of financial statements. It states that the objective of
financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an
entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions (C). In addition, it states that the financial
statements also show the results of management's stewardship of the resources entrusted to it (A).

C 1 and 4 o n l y
Financial information can make a difference to decisions if it has predictive value (it can b e used to predict future
outcomes), confirmatory value (it provides feed back about previous evaluations) or both.

D historical cost
The historical cost convention will understand asset values as the cost of assets is determined at the date of purchase.
This in turn results in higher profits because depreciation is lower.
1 2 The correct answer is:

D A specific disclosure requirement of an IFRS Accounting Standard need not be satisfied if the information is
immaterial.
Disclosures are not required if the information they provide is immaterial. While financial statements are required to
give a true and fair view, these terms are not defined in statute, they tend to be determined i n courts of law or o n the
facts (A). Recognition of items o n the basis of monetary amounts is the money measurement concept, not the
historical cost concept (B). Items should not b e excluded o n the basis of being difficult to understand (C).
D Neither of them
{1 ) Information must b e both relevant and faithfully represented to be useful.
{2) Materiality concerns whether an item in the financial statements can influence users' decisions; there is n o
absolute amount o r specific characteristic that makes an item material.

D The financial statements are reliable in that they faithfully reflect the effects of transactions, other events and
conditions.
This statement is consistent with the definition given in IAS 1, para. 1 5.

A The directors d o not intend to liquidate the entity o r to cease trading in the foreseeable future.
According to IAS 1, para. 25, g o i n g concern relates to whether the entity will continue in operational existence
without liquidating, ceasing trading o r being unable to avoid these things (A).
SAMPLE EXAM

D the entity's financial position, financial performance a n d cash flows are presented fairly
This is consistent with IAS 1 para. 15.
SAMPLE EXAM

C material
Items are material (C) if omitting, misstating o r obscuring them could, individually o r collectively, influence the
economic decisions of users taken o n the basis of the financial statements (IAS 1). It is the information in the financial
statements as a whole that should b e neutral ie, free from bias (A). Prudence (B) is the inclusion of a degree of caution
when making judgements in relation to estimates. Understandable (D) is an enhancing characteristic mentioned i n the
Conceptual Framework concerned with classifying, characterising and presenting information clearly a n d concisely.

B The ISSB will initially focus o n climate-related disclosures.
The ISSB will initially focus o n climate-related disclosures due to the urgent need for information o n climate-related
matters.
There is currently no legal requirement for UK companies to disclose information relating to sustainability, however
many choose to disclose such information. The IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards will complement rather than
replace IFRS Accounting Standards. Several other organisations have issued guidance relating to the disclosure of
sustainability information and the ISSB will build o n the work d o n e by some of these organisations.

A Integrity
B Objectivity
D Confidentiality
Independence and Courtesy (options C and E)are not fundamental principles of the IESBA Code of Ethics for
Professional Accountants.
C The ICAEW Code of Ethics applies to its members, employees of member firms a n d ICAEW students.
It also applies to affiliates and where applicable, member firms.

B Ethical guidance is a framework containing a combination of rules and principles, the application of which is
dependent o n the professional judgement of the accountant based o n the specific circumstances.
Although there are some specific 'rules’, the majority of ethical guidance is i n the form of principles, the spirit of which
should be followed by the accountant

B False
A code based o n principles does not contain specific rules with which a professional accountant must comply.
The correct answer is:
D False
A rules-based code does not require a professional accountant to adhere to a set of principles.
F False
The ICAEW uses a principles-based approach.

C To provide information which is directly comparable with other companies disclosures
The information provided will b e tailored to the company so will not be directly comparable to other companies.
2 The accounting equation

C Assets - liabilities - opening capital + drawings = profit
The accounting equation is most commonly expressed as assets = capital + liabilities. Capital can b e expanded to
opening capital + profit - drawings. This can then be rearranged as: Assets - liabilities - opening capital + drawings =
profit.

D personal petrol being paid for out of the business's petty cash
Personal petrol is a drawing rather than an expense of the business. The petrol costs being paid i n petty cash means
assets decrease and drawings increase, which decreases capital. O p t i o n A is a transaction that involves assets o n l y
while options B and C increase assets and increase liabilities.

C The lengthening of the period of credit given to customers
Extending the credit period given to customers means that while there are increased profits as the level of sales
increases, it takes longer to collect cash from those customers.

D the financial position of the entity at a particular point i n time
A defines the statement of profit o r loss, B a n d C suggest that the statement of financial position represents a
valuation which is incorrect, while D is correct in that it is the definition of a statement of financial position's purpose.

A Assets and liabilities only
The overdraft (liability) will decrease and receivables (assets) will decrease by an equal amount.

Assets will increase as the sole trader has acquired inventory (asset), and payables (liability) will increase as the g o o d s
were purchased o n credit.

The bank account (asset) will increase o n receipt of the loan funds, and liabilities will increase as the loan is a liability.
Assets will increase as there is an increase in cash of £500 and a decrease in inventory of only £300, and capital will
increase d u e to the profit of £200.

C Assets and capital
The car increases assets and it is treated as capital introduced to the business by its proprietor.

A Income
B Expenses
G Equity
According to the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, income, expenses and equity are elements of
financial statements. The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting also identifies assets and liabilities as
elements of financial statements.

C £16,280
The PAYE and employees' Nl would have b e e n deducted from gross salary before paying net wages to the
employees. We must therefore a d d these back to net wages to calculate gross wages: £12,450 + 2,480 + 1,350 =
£16,280.

B Credit note
A credit note is a source document that requires recording in the cloud-based accounting software. The others are all
documents used by businesses but are not source documents.

B The exact amou nt of petty cash expenditu re is rei mbu rsed at i nte rvals to mai ntai n a fixed float.
The imprest system of petty cash requires that the exact amount of petty cash expenditure is reimbursed at intervals
to maintain a fixed float. A business will decide to hold, for example, £200 of petty cash, which will b e used for
incidental expensesand will regularly have to top the petty cash i n hand back u p to that level to maintain the petty
cash balance.

B £46
Total expenses paid out of petty cash total £50 a n d receipts total £4. The net expenditure is therefore £46. This
amount should b e withdrawn from the bank account and a d d e d to petty cash to maintain the imprest amount of
£100.

D £80,500
The wages and salaries expense is the employees' gross salary (which is calculated by adding PAYE and employees'
Nl back to the cash paid to employees) plus the employer's N l = £(50,000 + 17,000 + 6,000) + 7,500 = £80,500.

B Purchase order
D Goods received note
An invoice should be agreed to a purchase order and goods received note before it is entered into the accounting
software.
C Credit note
A credit note is issued by a supplier when a customer returns goods to them (C). Invoices (A) are issued when g o o d s
are originally sold, o n the basis of a delivery note (D) which shows what exactly has been sold. A remittance advice (B)
is sent in by the customer to the supplier with payment

A the purchase of a new laptop for £412
The cash payment represents expenditure. The purchase of a laptop is not a regular transaction, a n d i t is therefore
likely that this wouldn't be automatically matched b y the accounting system. The payment of a regular supplier for the
exact amount of the invoice (B) and the payment of wages matching the payroll (D) are highly likely to have been
matched by the accounting system. O p t i o n C is a receipt, not a payment.

D £86,840
The net pay to employees is after deducting income tax and employees' national insurance from gross pay.
Employer's national insurance is a n expense of the business and does not impact o n the net amount paid to
employees.
£1 12,450 - 1 5,800 - 9,810 = £86,840

A A petty cash voucher for £10 is missing.
There is £10 less in the petty cash box than would be expected given vouchers of £136. This suggests that a petty
cash voucher for £10 is missing from the petty cash box.

B £42,100
The wages cost to a business is the employees' gross pay plus the employer's national insurance.
£38,600 + 3,500 = £42,100
1 2 The correct answers are:

B Invoice to a customer
D Cheque payment to a supplier
The invoice to a customer a n d the cheque payment to a supplier are both source documents that require information
to b e entered into a business's accounting system. The purchase order and goods received note act as supporting
documentation when an invoice arrives from a supplier, b u t d o not themselves contain information that is recorded in
the system. Similarly, the delivery note acts as supporting documentation when preparing an invoice to a customer
but is not separately recorded.
4 Ledger accounting a n d d o u b l e entry

C Debit Receivables £5,760, Credit Sales £4,800, CreditVAT £960
The sale should b e recorded net of VAT, VAT is separately recorded i n the VAT account a n d the gross amount is
recorded as a receivable.

C The receipt of an invoice for rent payable by the business
Options A and B are ruled out because they relate to rental income, which would be a credit (not a debit) in a rent
account. O p t i o n D is ruled out because there is no entry made in the bank account and therefore n o payment can yet
have been made.

B Debit entries decrease income and increase assets.
Debit entries increase assets a n d expenses and decrease income, equity and liabilities. Credit entries increase
income, liabilities and equity a n d decrease assets and expenses.

B False
A Ltd owes to B Ltd.

A Debit Payables, Credit Purchases, Credit Cash at bank account
As the settlement discount was not expected to b e taken at the date the invoice was received and recorded, it must
now be deducted from purchases.

A £212,130
TRADE PAYABLES
£ £
Payments (bal fig) 212,130 Bal b/d 24,183
Bal c/d 34,655 Purchases (254,192 - 31,590} 222,602
246,785 246,785
Bal b/d 34,655

C Debit Receivables, Credit Revenue
An invoice issued to a customer is recorded as Debit Receivables, Credit Revenue regardless of whether an early
settlement discount is expected to be taken or not

C Payments made to suppliers
Payments made to suppliers would be debited to payables and credited to cash (C). Output VAT (A) is related to
sales, not purchases, and therefore would be recorded in the receivables ledger, and the cash purchases total (B)
would not appear at all in the payables account Early settlement discounts given to customers (D) affect receivables,
not payables.

A Debit Cash at bank, Credit Receivables, Credit Revenue
The customer was expected to take advantage of the early settlement discount, so at the point of invoice the revenue
would have been recorded net of the discount As the customer did not subsequently pay o n time, the discount must
b e added back to revenue (by crediting revenue). The payment received will increase the cash at bank account (debit)
and decrease receivables (credit).

B £190
The supplier may deal with the scenario in one of two ways:
The first is to ignore the settlement discount and simply issue an invoice with a VAT amount of £190 (£950 * 20% =
£190). If the settlement discount is claimed, the supplier will issue a credit note to evidence the reduction in the
invoice and VAT amount.
Alternatively, if the supplier does not wish to issue a credit note, they must issue an invoice which contains the terms
of the settlement discount, and a statement that the custome r can only recover as in put tax the actual VAT paid to the
supplier.

B Anchor Ltd has reported a profit for the year of £4,000.
C To begin to calculate the closing capital account balance, Anchor Ltd should credit the capital account and d e b i t the
profit a n d loss ledger account with £4,000.
Total credits exceed total debits, which means there is a credit balance in the account - this represents a profit for the
period. The correct entry to transfer the profit for the year to the capital account is d e b i t profit a n d loss ledger
account, credit capital account This step is required i n order to start to calculate the closing balance o n the capital
account which is included in the statement of financial position. Option D is incorrect as the balance o n the profit and
loss ledger account is cleared to the capital account, it is not brought d o w n to the next period. O p t i o n E is incorrect,
the closing balance o n the profit and loss ledger account is the profit for the year

C Land
Land is a non-current asset as it will be expected to generate benefits for the business over more than one accounting
period.

C £3,422 credit
Sales exclude VAT and therefore VAT must b e calculated as £89,436 x 20% = £1 7,887. Purchases include VAT and
therefore VAT must be calculated as £86,790 x 20/120 = £14,465. The net amount is £3,422 credit as this is the
amount owed to HMRC.

D Loss for the year is a credit entry in the statement of profit or loss ledger account.
A loss decreases capital and is therefore debited to the capital account in the statement of financial position. The
other side of the entry is to credit it to the statement of profit o r loss ledger account.

B £3,900
TRADE RECEIVABLES
£ £
Opening balance 2,700 Cash received 15,300
Credit sales 16,500 Closing balance (p) 3,900
19,200 19,200
A B a n k overdraft
D r a w i n g s d e c r e a s e c a p i t a l so t h e y are a d e b i t (B); purchases a n d d e l i v e r y o u t w a r d s a r e expenses so they too are
d e b i t s (C) a n d (D). A bank overdraft is a liability s o it is a credit (A).

C £31,400
Revenue 89,400
Purchases (69,600 * 100/120) (58,000)
Gross profit 31,400 (C)
Option A incorrectly uses t h e purchases f i g u r e without d e d u c t i n g VAT. Option B incorrectly d e d u c t s VAT from t h e
sales f i g u r e a n d d o e s not d e d u c t VAT from purchases. Option D uses the correct VAT exclusive purchases figure, b u t
incorrectly deducts VAT from t h e sales figure.

A £4,350
TRADE PAYABLES
£ £
C a s h at b a n k a c c o u n t 4,200 O p e n i n g balance 3,450
C l o s i n g b a l a n c e (p) 4,350 Purchases 5,100
8,550 8,550
Option B uses sales to c r e d i t customers a n d receipts from c r e d i t customers. O p t i o n C i n c l u d e s t h e cash purchases of

£ 4 0 0 a n d o p t i o n D debits purchases a n d credits payments m a d e .

C £62,000
£ 9 8 , 0 0 0 - £36,000 = £62,000 (the c a p i t a l a c c o u n t is the b a l a n c i n g figure for t h e trial b a l a n c e )
Debit Credit
£ £
Non-current assets 85,000
Trade p a y a b l e s 3,000
Bank l o a n 1 5,000
A c c u m u l a t e d d e p r e c i a t i o n , n o n - c u r r e n t assets 1 5,000
Inventory 4,000
Accruals 1,000
Prepayments 2,000
Bank overdraft 2,000
Capital ( b a l a n c i n g f i g u r e ) 62,000 (P)

98,000 98,000
6 Errors a n d corrections to accounting records a n d
financial statements

A A receipt of £ 1 35 from a customer who u nexpected Iy, b u t correctly, has taken a 3% p r o m p t payment discount.
C A receipt of £3,500 from the disposal of a van with a carrying amount of £2,700.
D A journal entry posted by the bookkeeper to write off an irrecoverable debt of £55 in which the bookkeeper was
unsure where to record the credit entry.
In A, where a discount is taken unexpectedly, the transaction would not be automatically matched against the amount
recorded o n the invoice and a suspense account would be used. In C t h e disposal of a van is not a regular transaction
and therefore the computerised system is unlikely to be able to match it and a suspense account would be used. In D,
if the bookkeeper is unsure of one side of a transaction, the suspense account is used to enable the posting to take
place and then investigated and corrected later. In B, the payment made of £84 (which is equal to £70 plus VAT at
20%) appears to be a regular transaction, and so this receipt would be matched. In E, £95 less 5% is £90.25 and the
discount was expected to be taken, so this payment would also be matched.

A True
Owner's drawings will be a debit balance in an initial trial balance.
C True
Closing inventory is a d e b i t balance in the final trial balance.

B Direct d e b i t shown o n bank transaction report only
C Bank charges
Cash at bank account: The direct d e b i t shown o n bank transaction report only (B) will need to be recorded in the
accounting system, as will the bank charges (C).
Deposits credited after date (A) a n d cheque presented afterdate (E) have already been accounted for correctly and
would appear o n the bank reconciliation. The bank error would also appear o n the bank reconciliation and would
require correction by the bank.

C £657 credit
The dishonoured funds transfer needs to be deducted from Epsilon Ltd's cash at bank account.
£(565) - 92 = £(657). The payment of £57 is already included in the cash at bank account.
B £319,100
Draft profit 324, 700
Less irrecoverable debts (6,800)

Add back depreciation charged in error (24,000 x 25%) -(24,000 * 20%) 1,200
Adjusted profit 319,100
Option A d i d not deduct the irrecoverable debt expense. Option C deducted depreciation of 20% of £24,000 but,
did not add back the incorrect depreciation charged already. Option D deducted the difference in depreciation
charges, instead of adding it back.

C DEBIT, Plant and machinery, £25,000; CREDIT, Suspense account £25,000
The transaction will have been recorded as DEBIT, Suspense account £25,000 and CREDIT, Cash at bank account
£25,000. The credit entry to bank is correct but the £25,000 needs to be removed from the suspense account (CR)
and instead be recorded in the plant and machinery account (DR).

C £11,200
Cash at bank account: balance b/f (8,970)
Bank charges (550)

Correct cash at bank account (9,520)
Error 425
Electronic payment not cleared bank 3,275
Uncredited lodgements (5,380)
Bank statement balance (11,200)

A In preparing a bank reconciliation, unpresented cheques must be deducted from the balance shown in the bank
statement.
D An overdraft is a d e b i t balance o n the bank statement.
A dishonoured payment needs to be removed (credited) from the cash at bank account as the amount will not be
received. A n error made by the bank does not require correction in the cash at bank account. Bank charges o n the
bank statement would be credited to the cash at bank account, not debited.
C £310
Alpha balance 4,140
Discount disallowed 40
Cash paid 4,080
Goods returned 380
8,640
Beta balance 8,950

Difference remaining 310

B Debit Revenue £300, Credit Suspense account £300
The suspense account entry has to b e reversed (credited) and the amount debited to revenue to reduce revenue
recorded for this sale to the amount net of the early settlement discount taken by the customer.

A Electronic payments which were initiated and recorded in the cash at bank account o n 30 November 20X3 which
have not yet cleared the bank statement
B Omission by the bank of a cash lodgement made b y the company o n 30 November 20X3 but not recorded by the
b a n k u n t i l l December 20X3
Unpresented payments (A) and uncredited lodgements (B) are always included in the reconciliation of the bank
transaction report to the corrected cash at bank account balance. Bank charges (C) and dishonoured receipts (D)
would appear o n the bank transaction report a n d would have to b e corrected in the cash at bank account before
reconciliation.

B was debited to the purchases account
An error of principle occurs when the 'rules' of accounting are broken. This would be the case here as the purchase
has b e e n treated as revenue expenditure rather than capital expenditure.

B Debit Revenue £30, Debit Suspense account £265, Credit Trade receivables £295
The £30 prompt payment discount taken by the customer will reduce (debit) revenue. The suspense account needs to
b e removed (debit) and trade receivables decreased (credit) to reflect that the d e b t is n o longer owed by the credit
customer. Option (A) a n d (C) ignore the adjustment to revenue and (D) reverses the journal entries.
A 2 and 4
In preparing a bank reconciliation, uncredited lodgements reduce a n overdrawn balance in the bank statement If a
payment received from a customer is subsequently dishonoured, a credit entry in the cash at bank account is required
to reinstate the debt. Not all differences between the cash at bank account a n d the bank statement must be corrected
by means of a journal entry, since some items appear in the bank reconciliation only (eg, errors by the bank, payments
that have not cleared the bank account and uncredited lodgements).. Bank charges not yet entered in the cash at
bank account should be dealt with by updating the cash at bank account, not b y making an adjustment to the balance
per the bank statement

A £325,200
TRADE PAYABLES
£ £
Cash at bank account 988,400 Opening balance 384,600
Purchases (discount received from

suppliers) 12,600 Purchases 945,800
Closing balance 325,200
1,330,400 1,330,400

C one side of a transaction has been recorded in the wrong account, and that account is of the same class as the correct
account
An error of commission arises when a transaction has been posted to the wrong account, but not the wrong class of
account. For example, a rental expense in respect of a photocopier is debited to distribution costs rather than
administrative expenses. It is correct to debit expenses, b u t the incorrect expense category has been used.

B Credit £25
The balance can be found by working o u t what double entries the computerised accounting system has made:
Item 1 Debit Suspense a/c, Credit Cash at bank a/c £135
Item 2 Debit Cash at bank a/c, Credit Suspense a/c £90
Item 3 Debit Cash at bank a/c, Credit Suspense a/c £70
SUSPENSE A/C
£ £
Cash at bank account 135 Cash at bank account 90
Balance c/d 25 Cash at bank account 70
160 160
Balance b/d 25
C Debit Revenue £230 r Debit VAT £46, Credit Trade receivables £276
When the goods were sold, they would have been recorded as Debit Trade receivables £276 (£230 + VAT at 20%),
Credit Revenue £230 and Credit VAT £46. This journal entry required to be reversed when the goods are returned.
Option (C) is the correct reversing journal entry. Option (A) records the sale. Option (B) ignores VAT and Option (D)
reverses revenue a n d trade receivables.

A an overstatement of profit and an overstatement of non-cu rrent assets
An expense has been posted as a non-current asset when i t should have been a deduction from profit, non-current
assets are overstated as a result.

D increased by £1,614
£807 should have been credited to payables, but instead it was debited to payables. The payables ledger should be
credited with £807, to correct the error, and £807 again to record the invoice ie, increase by 2 * £807 = £1,614.

B Gross profit: £145,000; Net profit: £69,000
Gross profit 150,000
Closing inventory included in error (5,000)
Adj u sted g ross p rof i t 145,000
Net profit 83,000
Closing inventory included in error (5,000)
Staff training costs capitalised in error (10,000)
Add back depreciation o n capitalised staff training costs (10,000 * 20% * 6/12 months) 1,000
Adjusted net profit 69,000
Option A deducted the resale value of the inventory instead of the cost. Option C did not deduct the inventory cost
from the net profit. Option D deducted the resale value of the inventory and did not a d d back the depreciation
charge o n the capitalised staff training costs.

B Credit £1,800
As some items have been withdrawn by the owner rather than sold or carried forward as inventory, cost of sales
should be reduced (credited).
C Increase
A lower cost of sales figure meansan increased reported profit. The drawings will b e deducted when calculating
capital, but this does not i m p a c t o n profit.
SAMPLE EXAM
A Staint pic paid an invoice for £26 even though it had recorded a credit note that Ruffle Ltd had issued in respect of
this amount.
Balances in the payables ledger are normally credit representing amounts Staint pic owes to its credit suppliers. If
Staint pic paid an invoice that it did not owe (because a credit note had been issued), a debit balance would arise.
The d e b i t balance represents the amount the supplier, Ruffle Ltd, now owes to Staint pic.
B and C would have n o effect yet o n Ruffle Ltd's account.
D is incorrect as paying £26 too little o n an invoice would leave a credit balance on the account.

A £99,996
As opening inventory is debited to cost of sales in the statement of profit o r loss, an overstatement o r overvaluation
here decreased profit and s o should be added back. The reverse is true ofclosing inventory.
Draft gross profit 99,500
Add back: overstatement of opening inventory (3,720 * 2 5 / 1 2 5 * ) 744

Deduct: overstatement of closing inventory (1,240 * 2 5 / 1 2 5 * ) (248)
Corrected gross profit 99,996 (A)
In Option B the overstatement in opening inventory is deducted, and that in closing inventory is added back. In the
other two options the wrong gross profit percentage is applied, taking 25% margin (on sales value ie, 25/1 00) rather
than 25% mark-up (on cost).
* Gross profit percentages:
Revenue 125
Cost (100)
Gross profit 25
To calculate gross profit from selling price, multiply b y 25/125.

B £74,300
The whole of the subscription relates to the following year, so the instalment paid should all be treated as a
prepayment, which reduces expenses in the year and so should be a d d e d back to the draft net profit.
The problem with the returned goods is that the draft net profit reflects the revenue made o n sale of the goods, less
the cost of those goods, therefore the profit on the sale should be deducted from the draft net profit.
Draft net profit 75,000
Add back: Prepaid subscription instalment (£1,000/2) 500
Deduct: profit o n returned goods £400 * 75/25 (1,200)
74,300 (B)
In A the profit deducted has been calculated as £400 * 25%; in C just the cost of goods (£400) has been deducted,
while in D the profit has been a d d e d back and the prepayment deducted.
%
* Gross profit percentages:
Revenue 100
Cost (25)
Gross profit 75
To calculate gross profit from cost multiply by 75/25.

B £531,480
The repair costs should have been expensed fully to the statement of profit or loss, reducing profits by £6,600, and
the depreciation charged of £1,650 should be a d d e d back. The net effect is to decrease profits by £4,950.
The early settlement discount was not expected to b e taken, so the original sales invoice would have been recorded
gross of this discount. Now the discount has been taken, it should have been credited to trade receivables and
debited to sales. As the amount has currently been credited to sales, the reduction in profit will be £1,785 * 2 to
remove the credit and post the debit to sales.
Draft net profit 540,000
Net repair costs (6,600 x 0.75) (4,950)
Discount to customer ( x2) (3,570)
Final net profit 531,480 (B)

D £14,600
£10,200 + £3,000 + £1,400 = £14,600.

A Debit Receivables £414, Credit Payables £9, Credit Cash at bank £405
(1 ) Receivables has reduced by £41 4 more than it should have and cash at bank increased b y the same amount. This
needs to be reversed by Debit Receiva bles £4 14 and Cred i t C a s h a t b a n k £ 4 1 4 .
(2) Payables has been reduced by £9 more than it should have and cash at bank decreased by the same amount.
This needs to b e reversed by Debit Cash at bank £9 and Credit Payables £9.
The journal entries can be combined to correct the errors.
B £74,695
T h e early settlement d i s c o u n t of £ 2 , 2 2 0 s h o u l d have been d e b i t e d to revenue a n d credited to receivables, so t h e
d e b i t entry posted to payables n e e d s to be reversed.
TRADE PAYABLES
£ £
1 Trade receivables (contra) 85 b/d 72,560
c/d ( b a I f i g ) 74,695 2 Sales 2,220
74,780 74,780

B £57,409
The incorrect e n t r y w a s d e b i t Prepayments £ 7 3 8 , credit Suspense £738. Reversing t h i s has no effect o n profit M a k i n g
t h e correct entry of d e b i t Expenses £ 7 3 8 , credit Accruals £ 7 3 8 decreases profit by £ 7 3 8 : £58,147 - £ 7 3 8 = £ 5 7 , 4 0 9
(B).
7 Cost of sales a n d inventories

B £75,650
Opening inventory 7,200
Purchases 76,500
Delivery inwards 50
Less closing inventory (8,100)
Cost of sales 75,650

C Dr Cost of sales: £686,880; Cr Purchases: £686,880
D Dr Inventories: £18,647; Cr Cost of sales: £18,647
Applying the cost of sales equation, cost of sales = opening inventories + purchases - closing inventories, purchases
made i n the year are transferred to cost of sales at the year-end b y debiting cost of sales and crediting purchases (C).
Closing inventories are recorded as a current asset by debiting inventories and crediting cost of sales (D),

B £427,000
Cost of sales includes delivery inwards, which is a cost incurred i n bringing inventories to their present location, but
excludes delivery outwards, which is a distribution cost and included in the statement of profit o r loss after calculating
gross profit. Closing inventories should be deducted in arriving at cost of sales.
Purchases 455,000
Delivery inwards 24,000
Closing inventories (52,000)
Cost of saIes 427,000
SAMPLE EXAM

A £4,460
Closing inventory = 200 + 1,000 - 700 + 800 + 300 - 400 - 500 = 700 units in closing inventory.
FIFO 400 @6.20 2,480
300 @ 6.60 1,980
700 4,460
C £18,760
Cost includes both direct materials/labour and also production overheads. NRV is expected selling price less
expected selling costs.
Cost NRV Lower of cost/NRV
£ £ £
Category 1 4,570 5,320 4,570
Category 2 12,090 11,890 11,890
Category 3 2,300 2,370 2,300
18,960 19,580 18,760

C £68,800
Product A 5,500 x £1Q = 55,000
500 x £8 = 4,000
Product B 1,900 x £5 = 9,500
100 x £3 = 300
68,800

B False
If prices are rising, the charge to cost of sales will be higher if AVCO is used. Gross profit will therefore be lower under
this method.
D False
Closing inventory is a d e b i t in the statement of financial position and a credit in the statement of profit or loss.

A £1,110
Units Cost Average cost per unit Value
£ £ £
1 June 20X8 60 12 720

8 June 20X8 40 15 600
1 4 June 20X8 50 18 900
150 14.80 2,220
21 June 20X8 (75) 14.80 (1,110)
75 1,110
B £55
Cost 46
Production overheads 15
61
Net realisable value

Sales price 80
Less modification costs (17)

Less selling costs (80 * 10%) (8)
55

B False
A van for resale by a dealer is inventory and therefore a current asset.
C True
Import duties should b e included in inventory cost.

A Delivery inwards
E Production line wages
(B) and (C) are distribution costs and (D) is not incurred in arriving at the cost of finished goods.

D It may b e acceptable for the cost of inventories to be based o n selling price less estimated profit margin.
Selling price less an estimated profit margin is an acceptable method of arriving at the cost of inventory. It is a
frequently used method in the retail industry. Regarding (A), LIFO is not an acceptable inventory valuation method.
Overheads should be included in cost(B), and under IAS 2, inventories should be included in the SOFP at the lower
of cost and NRV, replacement cost(C) is not relevant.

A £281,200
Original value 284,700
Coats
- Cost 400 x £80 (32,000)
- N R V (£75 x 95%) x 400 28,500
281,200
At 31 January 20X3 the skirts were correctly valued at costs incurred to date of £20 per skirt which was lower than the
NRV of £22. Therefore, n o adjustment is required.
B £4,700
Net realisable Lower of cost &

Cost value (NRV) NRV Units Value
£ £ £ £
Basic 6 8 6 200 1,200
Super 9 8 8 250 2,000
Luxury 18 10 10 150 1,500
4,700

A £188,500
5 0 @£190 9,500
500 @£220 1 10,000
300 @ £ 2 3 0 69,000
188,500

D £2,950
50 + 100 - 80 + 50 - 6 0 = 60 units in inventory at 28 February.
(10 units * £45) + (50 units * £ 5 0 ) = £2,950

D £461,500
Inventory count balance 483,700

Less goods from suppliers (38,400)
Add g o o d s sold 14,800
Less goods returned (400)
Add g o o d s returned to supplier 1,800
461,500

C The current year's profit will b e understated and next year's profit will be overstated.
If closing inventory is understated, cost of sales will be overstated and profit will be understated. Next year's opening
inventory will be understated a n d its cost of sales will b e understated, so its profit will be overstated.
A £382,600
£ £
Original balance 386,400
Item (1)Cost (18,000)
NRV 15,000 - 8 0 0 14,200
Write d o w n (3,800)
Inventory value 382,600

A £838,100
Inventory count value 836,200
Less purchases (8,600)
Add sales (14,000 x 70/100) 9,800
Add g o o d s returned 700
Inventory figure 838, 100

A £283,650
B/d 284,000
Item 1 N o change as NRV exceeds cost
Item 2 {350) Reduce to N RV (1 ,000 - 8 0 0 + 1 50)
283,650

C £2,594
{20 x £12.50) + (40 x £1 2.80) + (60 x £1 3.00) + (72 x £1 3.50) + ( 8 x £10) = £2,594

B £180
{20 x £5) + (20 x { £ 1 5 - 1 0 - 1}) = £180
C £60,600
200 items x £15 = £3,000
NRV = (200 x £17.50) - 1 , 2 0 0 - 3 0 0 = £2,000
400 items = (400 * £1 .50) - 200 = £400
Total = £58,200 + £2,000 + £400 = £60,600

A £57,500
1 00 x (£400 - £11 0 - £65) + (1 00 x £350) = £57,500

C Include inward delivery costs. Include production overheads
Cost can include both inward delivery costs and production overheads.

B The value of the opening inventories had been overstated.
A and C would not explain a shortfall and D is the correct treatment for drawings but does not affect mark-up. B will
cause cost of sales to be overstated and so reduce the mark-up.

B cost of sales is £100,000 and sales are £125,000
£ %
Sales 125,000 100%
Cost of sales 100,000 80%
Gross profit margin 25,000 (P) 20%

B The incorrect inclusion in purchases of invoices relating to goods supplied in the following period
Options A and C would increase the gross profit margin. Option D would not affect gross profit.

C 20.0%
19,200/96,000 x 100% = 20%
A £11,700
Units Value
£ £
1 August 20X4 b/f 2,400 10.00 24,000
1 4 November 20X4 Sell (900) 10.00 (9,000)
1,500 10.00 1 5,000
2 8 January 20X5 Buy 1,200 16.75 20,100
2,700 13.00 35,100
7 May 20X5 Sell (1,800) 13.00 (23,400)
31 July 20X5 c/f 900 13.00 11,700
SAMPLE EXAM

A Lower cost of sales a n d h i g her closing inventory
When raw material prices are rising, AVCO averages the earlier, lower prices with the later, higher prices, while FIFO
just takes the later, higher prices. Thus, FIFO would result in a higher inventory value than AVCO. As inventory
quantities are constant, this means that closing inventory would always be higher than opening inventory. As closing
inventory is a reduction in the cost of sales calculation, all other things being equal this would result in the overall
debit balance of cost of sales being lower under FIFO than under AVCO: hence lower cost of sales and higher closing
inventory value (A).

C Debit Administrative expenses £36,000, Credit Purchases £36,000, Credit Other income £28,800
To calculate cost of sales correctly the purchases figure should only take into consideration the g o o d s purchased for
resale. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce purchases, not inventory, by the cost of the inventory destroyed (Credit
Purchases £36,000). This cost to the business should b e shown under administrative expenses in the statement of
profit or loss (Debit Administrative expenses £36,000). The sum due from the insurance company of £28,800 should
b e treated as part of other income, not revenue, as it is from a non-trading source (Credit Other income £28,800).

B increase current assets and decrease losses by £1,660
Closing inventory is an asset in the statement of financial position a n d is deducted from cost of sales (and hence
a d d e d to profit) in the statement of profit o r loss. An increase of inventory from £6,420 to £8,080 would therefore
increase net assets and decrease losses by £1,660 (£8,080-6,420).

D Dr Inventories: £31,060; Cr Cost of sales: £3 1 ,060
The damaged inventories should b e written down to nil before the closing inventories are recorded. Closing
inventories are included as current assets at the end of the period by debiting inventories and crediting cost of sales.
D £1,320
The amount of work in progress at year e n d is calculated based o n the hours incurred to date x the hourly rate. The
amount can b e calculated as:
Staff member Hours incurred Hourly rate (£) Total cost (£)
Contract manager 1 100 100
Lead designer 12 75 900
Developer 4 80 320
Total 1,320

B Legal fees incurred i n agreeing the contract with the client
D A bonus paid to Pogo Ltd's staff for securing the contract with the client
F Travel costs incurred in agents travelling to the client's workplace
Direct costs incurred in securing the contract and providing the services to the client can be included i n the work in
progress at the year end. The legal fees, the bonus paid to staff and travel costs are all direct costs.
Advertising costs, administrative expense and the payroll manager salary d o not directly relate to the client contract
and are therefore charged to administrative expenses in profit or loss as they are incurred.

B £1,500 debit
£6,000 write off less decrease in allowance of £4,500 is net d e b i t of £1,500.

A £1,541
1,300 + 2,150 - ( 8 , 5 4 0 -6,631) = £1,541

B False
The reduction in the allowance for receivables will decrease the irrecoverable debts expense. This is not part of gross
profit a n d therefore has n o effect.
C True
The reduction in the allowance for receivables will decrease the irrecoverable debts expense which will in turn
increase net profit.

C £46,750
Balance before adjustments 50,000
Less irrecoverable debt written off (3,250)
46,750
Adjustment (2) will be to the allowance, not to receivables; adjustment (3) affects irrecoverable debts.

D £32,500
(28,500 + (42,000 - 38,000)) = £32,500
D credit £1,005
Required allowance 495
b/f a l l o w a n c e 1,000
R e d u c t i o n (credit) 505
B a d d e b t recovered (credit) 500
1,005

C £1,120 credit
IRRECOVERABLE DEBTS EXPENSE
£ £
Decrease i n a l l o w a n c e ( 1 , 0 0 0 -
Write off 280 100) 900
Statement of profit o r loss ( b a l fig) 1,120 Cash 500
1,400 1,400

D £24,200
Closing allowance required 36,200
Opening allowance 50,000
Decrease i n allowance (13,800)
Irrecoverable debts written off 38,000
Irrecoverable debts expense 24,200
9 T h e correct answer is:

A £12,600
Irrecoverable d e b t s written off 14,600
R e d u c t i o n in a l l o w a n c e ( 1 8 , 0 0 0 - 16,000) (2,000)
12,600
C £32,125
RECEIVABLES
£ £
B/d balances 31,475 Cash at b a n k 122,500
Sales 125,000 Sales (Discounts) 550
Credit note 1,300
C/d 32,125
156,475 156,475

A D e b i t : Irrecoverable debts e x p e n s e £3,31 5; Credit: A l l o w a n c e for receivables £2,51 5
The correct j o u r n a l e n t r y to record the adjustments is:
DEBIT Irrecoverable d e b t s expense (SPL) £3,315
CREDIT Allowance for receivables £2,515
CREDIT Trade receivables £800
O n l y t h e increase in the a l l o w a n c e for receivables of £2,51 5 s h o u l d b e r e c o r d e d .

C £287,750
TRADE RECEIVABLES
£ £
Opening balance 284,680 Cash at b a n k 179,790
C r e d i t sales 194,040 Discounts given to customers) 3,660
Irrecoverable d e b t s expense 1,800
Irrecoverable d e b t s expense 4,920
Trade payables 800
C l o s i n g balance 287,750
478,720 478,720

B £22,000
A l l o w a n c e for receivables 24,000
Previous a l l o w a n c e (39,000)
Reduction (15,000)
Debts written off 37,000
Irrecoverable debts e x p e n s e 22,000

B £31,500
Allowance required 21,500
Existing allowance (18,000)
Increase required 3,500
Irrecoverable debts written off 28,000
Irrecoverable debts expense (28,000 + 3,500) 31,500

B Receivables: £766,000; Allowance for receivables: £60,000; Net balance: £706,000
Trade receivables
= £838,000 - £ 7 2 , 0 0 0
= £766,000
Allowance for receivables is increased by £12,000 to £60,000.

D Debit Allowance for receivables £100, Debit Suspense £350, Credit Irrecoverable debts expense £450
Issue 1: Unmatched transactions are posted to the suspense account. To remove the suspense account a n d correctly
post the cash received the double entry is Debit Suspense account £350, Credit Irrecoverable debts expense £350.
Issue 2 : To decrease the allowance to £800, the double entry is: Debit Allowance for receivables £100, Credit
Irrecoverable debts expense £100.
Combining these journals:
DEBIT Allowance for receivables (2) £100
DEBIT Suspense account (1 ) £350
CREDIT Irrecoverable debts expense (350(1 ) + 100(2)) £450

D Net profit increases by £300
The allowance for receivables is deducted from the receivables balance within current assets. A reduction in the
allowance will therefore increase current assets. It does not affect liabilities.
A reduction in the allowance for receivables will also in turn reduce the irrecoverable debts expense. This has n o
impact o n gross profit but does increase net profit.
B Debit: Irrecoverable debts expense £7,550; Debit: Allowance for receivables £5,450; Credit: Trade receivables
£13,000
DEBIT Irrecoverable debts expense 7,550
DEBIT Allowance for receivables 5,450
CREDIT Trade receivables 1 3,000
Allowance required 42,550
Existing allowance (48,000)
Reduction in allowance (5,450)
Irrecoverable debts written off 1 3,000
Statement of profit or loss charge 7,550
Option A is incorrect as it does not remove the irrecoverable debt from receivables and has recorded an increase in
the allowance for receivables instead of a decrease. Option C in incorrect as it does not remove the irrecoverable
d e b t from receivables, crediting the amount to the allowance instead. O p t i o n D is incorrect as it records the full
amount of the new allowance as a credit entry rather than just recording the decrease in the allowance for the current
year.

A £417,145
The net trade receivables balance is after writing off the irrecoverable debt and the allowance required at the year
end.
£441,500-2.400-21,955

D £100 credit
The amount received that was previously written off (£3,000) and the decrease in the allowance for receivables (£700)
will both be credited to the statement of profit o r loss. The amount written off (£3,600) will be a d e b i t

D Allowance for receivables of £850 and a charge in respect of irrecoverable debts of £10,730
An allowance for receivables of £850, which is an increase of £350. This is a d d e d to the charge to profit o r loss i n
respect of the amount written off of £10,380.

B £241,480
The net trade receivables shown in the statement of profit o r loss is after deducting the allowance for receivables of
£8,420 a n d the write-off of £1,860.
D Debit Suspense £58, Debit Irrecoverable debts expense £9, Debit Allowance for receivables £25, Credit Cash at bank
£92
For (3), the entry made was Debit Cash £58, Credit Suspense £58; the suspense account entry must be reversed to
the credit of the irrecoverable debts expense account
SUSPENSE
£ £
Irrecoverable debts expense (3 ) 58 b/d 58
58 58
ALLOWANCE FOR RECEIVABLES
£ £
Irrecoverable debts expense (2)(bal

fig) 25 b/d 500
c/d 475
500 500
£ £
Cash at bank (1) 92 Allowance for receivables (2) 25
Suspense (3) 58
The net debit to the irrecoverable d e b t expense account is therefore (92 - 25 - 58) = £9.
CASH AT BANK
£ £
Irrecoverable debts expense (1 ) 92

9 Accruals a n d prepayments

A Statement of profit o r loss: £ 5 6 , 0 0 0 ; Statement of financial p o s i t i o n : £1 0,000
Statement of profit o r loss ( 8 / 1 2 x 60,000) + (4/1 2 x 4 8 , 0 0 0 )
Statement of financial position ( 2 / 1 2 * 60,000)

A £3,407.60
(2/3 x 7 9 8 . 0 0 ) + 8 9 8 . 8 0 + 8 1 4 . 8 0 + 840.00 + ( 1 / 3 x 966.00)

D £475,900
RENT RECEIVABLE
£ £
b/d arrears 21,200 b/d advances 28,700
Statement of profit o r loss ( b a l fig) 475,900 Cash received 481,200
c/d advances 31,200 c/d arrears 18,400
528,300 528,300

B understated by £ 1 ,920
If the £960 has b e e n treated as a n accrual, a n expense for t h e same a m o u n t has b e e n recognised w h i c h w o u l d
reduce profit. To cancel t h e error, t h e accrual and associated expense s h o u l d b e a d d e d b a c k : D r Accruals £ 9 6 0 ; C r
Expenses £960 t h e n to post t h e p r e p a y m e n t requires: D r Prepayments £ 9 6 0 ; C r Expenses £ 9 6 0 . The i m p a c t o n profit
is therefore a n increase of £1,920.

D £316,200
SUBSCRIPTION I N C O M E ACCOUNT
£ £
Subscription income (bal fig) 316,200 Cash received 318,600
361,500 361,500
C Statement of profit o r loss: £ 3 4 , 0 0 0 Credit; Statement of financial position: Deferred i n c o m e ( C r e d i t ) £ 3 , 0 0 0
Receipt
1 October 20X1 ( £ 7 , 5 0 0 x 1 / 3 ) 2,500
30 December 2 0 X 1 7,500
4 A p r i l 20X2 9,000
1 July 2 0 X 2 9,000
1 October 20X2 ( £ 9 , 0 0 0 x 2/3) 6,000
C r e d i t to statement of profit o r loss 34,000
C r e d i t deferred i n c o m e ( £ 9 , 0 0 0 x 1 / 3 ) 3,000

A Statement of profit o r loss: £ 4 0 , 0 0 0 ; Statement of financial p o s i t i o n : £1 0,000 Prepayment
{1 ) Statement of profit o r loss = £ 6 0 , 0 0 0 x 1 2 / 1 8 = £40,000
(2) Statement of financial p o s i t i o n = £60,000 * 3/1 8 prepayment = £10,000

B Website expenses: £1 0,000; Accrual: £ 1, 0 0 0
Website e x p e n s e s (8/1 2 * 9,000) + ( 4 / 1 2 > 12,000) = 10,000
Accrual 12,000/12 = 1,000

D £828,700
RENT RECEIVABLE
£ £
Rental i n c o m e ( b a l fig) 828,700 Cash received 834,600
977,900 977,900

B Statement of profit o r loss: £9,900; Statement of financial p o s i t i o n : £1,000 i n other payables
Statement of profit o r loss
D e c e m b e r to J u n e 8 , 4 0 0 x 7 / 1 2 4,900
July to N o v e m b e r 1 2 , 0 0 0 x 5 / 1 2 5,000
9,900
Other p a y a b l e s 1 2 , 0 0 0 x 1 / 1 2 = 1,000 ( D e c e m b e r rent received i n advance)

C £70,000
A u g u s t to S e p t e m b e r 60,000 x 2/12 10,000
October to J u l y 7 2 , 0 0 0 x 1 0 / 1 2 60,000
70,000

C Statement of profit o r loss: £ 3 6 , 7 0 0 ; Statement of financial p o s i t i o n : Prepayment £9,500
Statement of profit or loss Statement of financial position
£ £
Prepaid insurance 8,200
Payment January 20X5 38,000
P r e p a y m e n t July-Sept 2 0 X 5 (9,500) 9,500
36,700 9,500

A £84,000
RENT RECEIVABLE
£ £
Rental i n c o m e (statement of profit o r loss)

(balfig) 84,000 Cash received 83,700
90,800 90,800

A Statement of profit o r loss: £ 1 1 , 1 0 0 ; Statement of financial p o s i t i o n : £9,000 prepayment (Debit)
Statementof profit o r loss = ( 9 / 1 2 x £10,800) + ( 3 / 1 2 x £ 1 2 , 0 0 0 ) = £ 1 1 , 1 0 0
Statement of financial position = prepayment of ( 9 / 1 2 * £12,000) = £9,000

B Statement of profit o r loss: £9,000; Statement of financial p o s i t i o n : £3,000
1 0 0 , 0 0 0 x 1 2% x 9/1 2 = £9,000 is p a y a b l e (P/L), but o n l y £6,000 has been p a i d ( A p r i l a n d July).
D Statement of profit o r loss: £27,500; Statement of financial position: £5,000 deferred income
Statement of profit o r loss (5/12 * 24,000) + (7/12 x 30,000) = £27,500
Statement of financial position (2/12 x 30,000) = £5,000

B £3,320
ELECTRICITY ACCOUNT
£ £
20X0 20X0
1 Aug Cash 600 1 July Accrual reversed 300
1 Nov Cash 720
20X1 20X1
1 Feb Cash 900
30 June Cash 840
Statement of
30 June Accrual £840 x 2/3 560 30 June profit or loss 3,320
3,620 3,620

D £7,300
{12 x £ 6 0 0 ) - 400 (opening accrual) + 500 (closing accrual) = £7,300

D £1,140
£250 (reversed prepayment) + £800 (cash) + £90 accrual = £1,140

A £3,300
£4,000 (cash) - £300 (opening accrual) - £400 (closing prepayment) = £3,300

B £260
INSURANCE
£ £
Reverse prepayment (bal fig) 260 Statement of profit o r loss 1,760
Cash 1,820 Prepayment 320
2,080 2,080
B £12,600
(6/1 2 x (1 3,200 x 1 00/1 1 0)} + (6/1 2 x 1 3,200) = £1 2,600


B Current assets: £22,240; Current liabilities: £ 0
Loan 12,000 + (12,000 x 2%) = £12,240 current asset
Insurance 9,000 x 8/12 = £6,000 current asset
Rent = £4,000 current asset

A Debit electricity: £300
D Credit insurance: £800
F Credit accruals: £300
G Debit prepayments: £800

C £3,515
{£3,420 - 21 5 + 31 0) = £3,51 5

B £10,280
{£1 0,400 + 800 - 920) = £1 0,280

F Credit the communication expenses account
£60 has been prepaid as at the year e n d of 31 August 20X4, so this should be debited to the prepayments account
{B) and credited to the telephone charges account (F).

D credit £4,330
The prepayment of local property tax is for July a n d August, that is 2/3 x £6,495 = £4,330. This is debited to
prepayments a n d credited to administrative expenses.
A Deferred income £75
C Prepayment £100
D Accrual £4,500
Five months of the subscription has been prepaid at 31 August 20X8:
£240 x 5/12 = prepayment £100 (C1
Deposits of £75 will be treated as income in the subsequent year, so this must all be treated as deferred income £75
(A).
Five of the six months property tax relates to the year ended 31 August 20X8, so this must be accrued:
£5,400 x 5/6 = accrual £4,500 (D)

A a d e b i t entry to the rental income account
F a credit entry to the accrued income (asset) account
The company debited cash at bank with the 20X3 rent received and credited rental income for 20X4, when it should
have credited the rent receivable o r accrued income asset account set u p at 31 December 20X3. The correcting
journal should therefore Debit Rental income {A) and Credit Accrued income (F).

A Debit Accruals £10,038, Credit Prepayments £5,632, Credit Distribution costs £4,406
The bookkeeper has processed the opening (1 ) and closing (2) journals as follows:
ACCRUALS
£ £
b/d 5,019
Jnl 1 5,019
Jnl 2 4,423
PREPAYMENTS
£ £
b/d 2,816
Jnl 1 2,816
Jnl 2 3,324
DISTRIBUTION COSTS
£ £
Jnl 1 2,203 Jnl 2 3,324
Cash 147,049
Jnl 2 4,423
The cash payment and Journal 2 are correct. To correct Journal 1 the bookkeeper should:
Debit Accruals £10,038, Credit Prepayments £5,632, Credit Distribution costs £4,406
B £3,000
F £620
Unless told otherwise we can assume that all charges accrue evenly in the period.
The internet server charge payment of £4,500 made o n 1 November 20X5 covers the six months to 30 April 20X6. Of
this payment four months is a prepayment covering the period 1 January to 30 April 20X6, an amount of (4/6 *
£4,500) = £3,000 (B).
The telephone rental payments are in arrears, so when the last payment for 20X5 is made o n 30 November, Bez pic
still owes one month (December) of rental, which is (£7,440 x 1 / 1 2) = £620 (F).

B an accrual of £7,875
Having paid its 20X4/X5 fee i n advance. Butters pic is now paying its 20X5/X6 fee in arrears. The amount unpaid at 30
June 20X5 will therefore be an accrual. There are outstanding fees for the period 1 March-30 June 20X5, which is four
months. The accrual is therefore £21,000 * 1.125 * 4/12 = £7,875 (B).

A Dr Ad m i ni strati ve expe nses: £8,1 00; Cr Prepayment: £8,1 00
In the financial statement for the previous year e n d e d 30 June 20X6, a prepayment of (£10,800 x 9/12} would have
been recorded. This must be reversed in the year e n d e d 30 June 20X7 by debiting the expense in the statement of
profit or loss a n d crediting the prepayment (A). (B) has calculated the correct prepayment but has not recorded the
correcting journal entry. (C) and (D) both incorrectly involve a n accrual being created for the year e n d e d 30 June
20X6.

B Debit Accrued income £8,700, Debit Rental income £135,900, Credit Deferred income £144,600
The rent received in advance is deferred income which must be removed from the amount recorded as rental income
in the year by Debit Rental income and Credit Deferred income. The rent in arrears is accrued income which must b e
included in rental income for the year by Debit Accrued income and Credit Rental income. (B) is the correct
combination of these journal entries.

A Debit Profit and loss ledger account: £1 36,000; Credit Marketing expense: £1 36,000
The balance o n the marketing expense account at 30 November 20X6 is £120,000 x 4/12 + £144,000 * 8/12 =
£136,000. This is a debit balance a n d therefore to transfer the balance to the profit and loss ledger account, Debit
profit a n d loss ledger account £136,000 and Credit Marketing expense (A). Option (B) reverses the journal entry.
Options (C) and (D) incorrectly calculate the marketing expense.

C Debit Advertising expense £500, Credit Accruals £500
The rent expenses needs to b e increased (debit) and a liability to pay this amount needs to be created (credit
accruals).
A Debit Profit and loss ledger account £27,200, Credit Insurance expense £27,200
The insurance expense for the year ended 30 June 20X5 is £27,200, being the £8,200 prepayment plus £19,000
{£38,000 x 6/12}. This is a d e b i t balance o n the insurance expense account a n d therefore to transfer the balance to
the profit and loss ledger account, we must debit the profit and loss ledger account and credit the insurance expense
account with £27,200 (option A). Option B reverses the journal entry. Options (C) and (D) incorrectly calculate the
insurance expense.
1 0 Non-current assets and depreciation

B £25,200
The cost of the machine is £28,000. Cataract pic has paid £23,000 in cash and has evidently agreed a trade-in value of
£5,000 for the o l d machine. (The o l d asset's carrying amount is irrelevant.} After one year, the carrying amount of the
new machine is 90% of £28,000 = £25,200.

C £16,920
Cost ( 1 5,000 + 1, 300 + 2, 500) 18,800
Depreciation (10% x 18,800) (1,880)
Carrying amount 16,920

A Debit Suspense account £9,000, Debit Accumulated depreciation £11,500, Debit Loss o n disposal £1,500, Credit
The suspense account needs to be cleared (debit), the accumulated depreciation of £11,500 as calculated below and
the machinery cost need to be removed at the date of disposal and the loss recorded.
Cost of asset 22,000
Accumulated depreciation (46 months * (21,000/84)) (11,500)
Carrying amount at date of disposal 10,500
Proceeds o n disposal 9,000
Loss o n disposal 1,500
Option (B) uses the incorrect number of months for depreciation. Options (C) a n d (D) reverse the journal entries.

A £1,300
DISPOSAL
£ £
Cost 20,000 Depreciation 14,200
Trade in allowance (22,000 - 1 7,500) 4,500
______ loss (0) 1,300
20,000 20,000
A Debit Depreciation expense £570, Credit Accumulated depreciation £570
The depreciation charge is (6,000 - 300)/(5 * 1 2) = £95, This year 6 months x £95 = £570. This is recorded as Debit
Depreciation expense £570; Credit Accumulated depreciation £570.

C £21,150
£23,500 x 90% = £21,150

A £5,125
{£1 8,000 x 7 5% x 7 5%) - 5,000 = £5, 1 2 5 loss

D To match the cost of the non-current asset with the revenue that the asset generates
Depreciation is an application of the accrualsconcept. It spreads the cost of the non-current asset over the period that
the asset is expected to generate benefits over.

C Costs of a desig n error
Any abnormal costs are not directly attributable to the asset and therefore should not b e capitalised.

A 1 and 3 only
Goodwill arising on acquisition of a business is recognised in the statement of financial position subject to an
impairment review.

D loss of £400
(£5,000 - £1,000)/4 = £1,000 depreciation per annum for three years
DISPOSAL ACCOUNT
£ £
Cash at bank 5,000 Depreciation 3,000
Proceeds 1,600
loss (p) 400
5,000 5,000
B £78,125 profit
Cost 1 ,000,000
20X1 Depreciation 250,000
750,000
562,500
421,875
2 0X4 Part exc ha ng e 500,000
Profit 78,125
Note: The licence fee is not capitalised as part of the cost of the buses and instead will be capitalised separately as an
intangible asset. The licence fee will be amortised over its useful life of six years.
13 I h e correct answer is:

D £62,210
Balance b/d 67,460
Less cost of non-current asset sold (15,000)
Add accumulated depreciation of asset sold (1 5,000 - (4,000 + 1 ,250)) 9,750

62,210

C £50,600
48,000 + 400 + 2,200 = 50,600
The cost of the warranty is revenue expenditure as it does not enhance the benefits that can be generated by the
asset a n d should therefore be recognised as a n expense in profit o r loss.

The journal entry to record the depreciation expense is Debit Depreciation expense £76,840, Credit Accumulated
depreciation £76,840.
December addition - 18,000 * 20% x 10/12 3,000
June disposal - 36,000 x 20% x 8/12 4,800
Balance - 345,200 x 20% 69,040
76,840
A £150,000
200,000 - 20,000 - 25,000 - 5,000 = 1 50,000

A £82,150
Plant held all year (380,000 - 30,000) x 20% 70,000
New plant (51,000 x 20% x 9/12) 7,650
Plant disposed of (30,000 x 20% x 9/12) 4,500
82,150

A £43,000
Plant held all year (200,000 - 40,000) x 20% 32,000
Disposal 40,000 x 20% x 9/12 6,000
Additions 50,000 x 20% x 6/12 5,000
43,000

A Debit Depreciation expense £900; Credit Accumulated depreciation £900
The journal entry to record the depreciation expense is Debit Depreciation expense £900, Credit Accumulated
depreciation £900.,
£36,000/120 x 3 = £900

D £40,000
The machine has had three years' depreciation at 40% reducing balance.
Carrying amount is therefore (£35,000 x 60% x 60% x 60%) = 7,560
Add profit o n disposal 2,440
Part-exchange al lowance 1 0,000
Payment 30,000
Price of new machine 40,000

A £16,200
£18,000 x 90% = £16,200

A £1,100
(£10,000 x 70% x 7 0 % ) - £6,000 = £11,100

B £49,530
The depreciation for the year is (£120,000 - 4,000)748 x 3 = £7,250. This should b e deducted from the draft net profit
to give an adjusted profit of £49,530.

C £97,100
Draft profit for the year 83,600
Add purchase price 1 8,000
Less additional depreciation (1 8,000 x 25%) (4,500)
Adjusted profit 97,100

B £60,228
The internal administration costs cannot b e treated as part of the asset's cost, so in the first two years' depreciation of
{£96,720 + £3,660)75 x 2 = £40,1 52 was charged. This means that the whole of the remaining carrying amount of
£60,228 must b e allocated as depreciation in 20X6 given the revision of the asset's useful life.
SAMPLE EXAM

A £4,000
The depreciation is calculated as:
(£38,000 - 2,000)76 years = £6,000 perannum7£500 per month
The machine was purchased on 1 August 20X4 and the year e n d is 31 March 20X5, hence eight month's depreciation
is required.
C £20,550
The initial amount capitalised is £44,500. The licence cost is separately recognised as an intangible asset.
Depreciation is initially ((44,500 - 3,500)/8) = £5,125 per annum, so at 1 June 20X5 the carrying amount is (44,500 -
(2 * 5,1 25)) = £34,250. Depreciation is then charged at 40% on this figure, giving a depreciation figure of £1 3,700 for
the year to 31 May 20X6, and a carrying amount of £20,550.
PLANT - COST
£ £
Purchase price 43,000 c/d 44,500
Transport 1,500
44,500 44,500
PLANT -ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
£ £
c/d 23,950 31 May 20X4 Charge
(44,500 - 3,500)/8 5,125
31 May 20X5 Charge
(44,500 - 3,500)/8 5,125
31 May 20X6
— (44,500 - 10,250) x 40% 13,700
23,950 23,950
Carrying amount: 44,500 - 23,950 = £20,550

C £2,665 loss
DISPOSAL
£ £
Accumulated depreciation £23,500 -

Cost 23,500 (£23,500 x 70% x 70%) 11,985
Part exchange value (£28,200 -

£19,350) 8,850
Loss o n disposal (ba I fig) 2,665
23,500 23,500
SAMPLE EXAM
C debit £1,898
The d e b i t to administrative expenses is the loss o n disposal of £1,898
DISPOSAL
£ £
Acc d e p (£4,000 - (£4,000 x 80% x

Cost 4,000 80% x 80%)) 1,952
Proceeds 150
Administrative expenses (loss o n

disposal) 1,898
4,000 4,000
SAMPLE EXAM

B £257,835
This is calculated using T accounts, the carrying amount being £626,000 - £368,165 = £257,835. Note that no
depreciation will be charged in the year to 31 March 20X6 for the asset acquired at the year end:
COST
£ £
b/d 614,500
Additions 1 1,500 c/d 626,000
626,000 626,000
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
£ £
b/d (614,500 - 399,960) 214,540
c/d 368,165 Charge (614,500 x 25%) 153,625
368,165 368,165
SAMPLE EXAM

C £13,000
PLANT A N D MACHINERY - COST
£ £
b/d 92,000 Disposals - bal fig 21,000
Additions 39,000 c/d 110,000
131,000 131,000
PLANT A N D MACHINERY- ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
£ £
Disposals - bal fig 6,000 b/d 51,000
c/d 72,000 Charge 27,000
78,000 78,000
DISPOSALS
£ £
P&M - cost 21,000 P&M - a c c d e p 6,000
Proceeds - ba I fig 13,000
Loss 2,000
21,000 21,000

D Debit Machine - cost £136,600, Debit Machine - accumulated depreciation £25,600, Credit Disposal £10,200, Credit -
suspense £152,000
The accumulated depreciation at the part exchange date is (60,000 - 34,400) = £25,600, and this must b e eliminated
from the accumulated depreciation account by debiting the account.
The machine cost account is debited with the difference between the cost of the old a n d new machines (1 96,600 -
60,000) = £136,600.
Anaconda pic is paying a total cash/payables figure of (1 10,000 + 42,000) = £152,000 for the machine, therefore the
part-exchange allowance is (196,600 - 1 52,000) = £44,600. This is compared to the carrying amount of £34,400 to
give a gain on disposal of £10,200.
DEBIT Accumulated depreciation £25,600
DEBIT Cost £136,600
CREDIT Disposal £10,200
CREDIT Suspense £152,000
MACHINE - COST
£ £
Cash 110,000 Disposal 60,000
Trade and other payables 42,000 c/d 136,600
Part exchange value 44,600
1 96,600 196,600
b/d (net entry) 1 36,600
DISPOSALS
£ £
Cost 60,000 Accumulated depreciation 25,600
c/d Profit o n disposal 10,200 Part exchange value 44,600
70,200 70,200

D £74,925
VAT o n vehicles except for cars is treated as input tax, so the truck's cost in the ledger accounts is £99,900 * 5/6 =
£83,250 (B). This is depreciated at 20% per annum for six months, a charge of £8,325. Hence the carrying amount at
the year-end is £83,250 - £8,325 = £74,925 (D).
In option C t h e cost is depreciated for a full year (£83,250 x 80%), while in A the cost is taken to include VAT and is
then depreciated for six months.
D £1,310
VAT is not treated as input tax when a car is purchased for use in a business (as opposed to being b o u g h t as inventory
by a car dealer). As Crocker pic is a retailer we can assume that the gross figure should be taken as the cost of both
vehicles. The o l d car had been depreciated for 28 months when it was traded in.
DISPOSALS
£ £
O l d car - cost 1 6, 800 Vehicles - acc d e p (1 6,800/60 * 28) 7,840
Part exchange value ((1 7,625 * 1 . 2 ) -

13,500) 7,650
Loss - b a l fig 1,310
16,800 16,800
Note that in Option A the error is to have depreciated the o l d car for only two years, assuming a policy of 'full year's
depreciation i n the yea r of purchase a n d none in the year of sale' . In Option B the net price of the new ca r is used
when calculating the part exchange value, while in O p t i o n C both these errors are made.

B £935,002
In respect of the disposal, the computer sold had a carrying amount of £6,800/4 * 2 = £3,400 at 1 January 20X4, so a
loss of ( 3 , 4 0 0 - 1,800)= £1,600 arises o n disposal.
The remaining computers have a cost of £997,608 (1,004,408 - 6,800). We know that none of t h e m was written d o w n
fully at the previous year end, and we can assume there have been n o additions, so depreciation of £997,608/4 =
£249,402 arises.
ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
£ £
b/d 684,000 Statement of profit o r loss 935,002
Disposal 1,600
Depreciation charge 249,402
935,002 935,002
COMPUTERS - COST
£ £
b/d 1,004,408 Disposal 6,800
c/d 997,608
1,004,408 1,004,408
COMPUTERS - A C C U MLILATED DEPRECIATION
£ £
Disposal (6,800/4 * 2) 3,400 b/d 697,600
c/d 943,602 Charge (997,608/4) 249,402
947,002 947,002
DISPOSAL
£ £
Cost 6,800 Accumulated depreciation 3,400
Proceeds 1,800
____ Loss (bal fig) 1,600
6,800 6,800
The journal entry to record the depreciation is Debit Depreciation expense £70,384; Credit Accumulated
depreciation £70,384,
Carrying amount of computer traded in = £24,000 x 60% x 60% = £8,640.
Carrying amount of remaining computers is therefore 150,000 + 34,600 - 8,640 = £175,960. Depreciation o n these is
(175,960 x 40%) = £70,384 (D).
SERVERS - CARRYING AMOUNT
£ £
b/d 1 50,000 Disposal (24,000 x 60% x 60%) 8,640
Additions 34,600 Charge (175,960 x 40%) 70,384
c/d 105,576
1 84,600 184,600

A Disposal proceeds were £1 5,000 and the profit o n disposal was £5,000
The carrying amount of the machinery has decreased by £1 0,000. The profit or loss o n disposal is the difference
between the carrying amount at the date of disposal a n d the proceeds o n sale. If proceeds were £15,000 and the
carrying amount £10,000, a profit of £5,000 (A) must have been made. Option (C) calculates a loss rather than a profit.
Options (B) and (D) use the incorrect carrying amount.

B Understated by £36,1 00
The journal entries to correct the mis-posting are:
Debit Property, plant and equipment £38,000, Credit Plant repairs £38,000, and
Debit Depreciation expense £1,900, Credit Accumulated depreciation £1,900
Depreciation is calculated as £38,000/5 years x 3/12. Profit is understated by £38,000 - £1,900 = £36,100

C £23,375
Cost less four months’ depreciation = £25,500 - £2,125 = £23,375
D £3,200
The carrying amount of the machine at 31 March 20X8 must be calculated and compared to the recoverable a m o u n t
Carrying amount at 1 April 20X7 32,000
Depreciation charge (20% reducing balance) (6,400)
Carrying amount at 31 March 20X8 25,600
Recoverable amount - higher of:
Fair value less disposal costs 22,400
Value in use 21 ,000

Recoverable amount 22,400
Loss o n impairment 3,200
Option (A) compares cost to the recoverable amount, option (B) depreciates o n the straight-line basis and option (C)
uses the lower value in use as the recoverable a m o u n t

B £25,000
Cost at 1 April 20X4 420,000
Depreciation charge ((420,000 - 40,000) * 5/20) (95,000)

Carrying amount at 31 March 20X9 325,000
Fair value less costs to sell 280,000
Value in use 300,000
Losson impairment 25,000
Option (A) ignores residual value, option (C) uses fair value less disposal costs as the recoverable amount a n d (D)
compares depreciable cost to the recoverable amount.

A 1 only
Technological advances which mean the plant and machinery is not as efficient as that currently available is an
indicator of impairment Market capitalisation exceeding the value of non-current assets is n o t a n indicator of
impairment but market capitalisation that is less than the value of non-current assets would be. Using the plant a n d
machinery for a new product that is expected to generate benefits does not indicate impairment.

D £9,000 for a licence to use specia list design softwa re
The licence to use specialist design software is the only intangible asset. The others are tangible assets, as they have
physical substance, a n d would b e capitalised as property, plant and equipment
C £145,600
The initial cost of the licence comprises the cost of £1 80,000 and the legal fees incurred of £2,000. The cost of the
directors' time is not directly attributable to the cost of securing the licence and should not b e capitalised. The licence
should be amortised over five years, which is the useful life of the licence to Manga Ltd.
Cost 1 80,000
Legal fees 2,000
1 82,000
Amortisation (75 years) (36,400)
Carrying amount 145,600

B £75,000
Cost 200,000
Accumulated depreciation to 31 May 20X5 (200,000 x

2/4 years) (100,000)
Carrying amount at 31 May 20X5 100,000
Amortisation to 31 May 20X6 (1 00,000 / 4) (25,000)

Carrying amount at 31 May 20X6 75,000

D Development costs mu st be capital ised in the statement of fina ncial position
Not all tangible non-current assets are depreciated - land is assumed to have an unlimited useful life a n d is therefore
not depreciated.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated.
When testing for impairment the recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value less costs of disposal and value in
use.
Development costs are capitalised, research costs are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit or loss.

B If a company leases an asset they will recognise a right-of-use asset and lease liability
All assets except land must be depreciated.
The depreciation method is reviewed at least at every financial year-end and changed if necessary,
Any gain o n disposal is recognised in the profit o r loss, b u t it is not part of revenue. It may b e recognised as other
income o r netted off in the relevant expense line.
B Deprecation of £1 6,250 is recognised as an expense in the statement of profit o r loss
Depreciation is charged o n the asset over the lease term of four years. This results in a depreciation expense i n profit
or loss of 65,000 / 4 = 1 6,250.
As the asset was purchased o n 1 July 20X7 there would have been depreciation of 16,250 * 6 / 12 = £8,125 in 20X7.
The carrying amount as at 31 December 20X8 is therefore 65,000 - 8 , 1 2 5 - 16,250 = £40,625. This will be
recognised entirely as a non-current asset
11 C o m p a n y financial statements

A £5,000
20,000 x £0.25 = £5,000

A 1 , 2 and 3
A current liability represents a mounts to b e settled by the entity i n the next 12 months. All of the options may be
presented as current liabilities.

B Share capital £210 million, Share premium £60 million
SHARE CAPITAL
£m £m
Bal b/d 100
Share premium (bonus) 50
Bal c/d 210 Cash at bank (rights) 60
210 210
SHARE PREMIUM
£m £m
Share capital (bonus) 50 Bal b/d 80
Bal c/d 60 Cash at bank (rights) 30
110 110

B Debit Cash at bank £800,000, Credit Share capital £500,000, Credit Share premium £300,000
Share capital will be credited with the nominal value of the shares (1m x 50p) - the balance goes to share premium
{ I m x 30p).

B Debit Share capital £25,000, Credit Share premium £25,000
This is the transfer of the premium to the share premium.
C Debit Share premium, Credit Share capital
A bonus issue does not involve cash but can b e financed from the share premium.

Equity shares at start of year 50,000
Add bonus issue 50,000 x 50p 25,000
Add new issue 60,000 x 5 0 p 30,000
105,000
Share premium at start of year 180,000
Less bonus issue 50,000 x 50p (25,000)
Add new issue 60,000 * 3 0 p 1 8,000
1 73,000

A Debit Cash at bank £1,100,000, Credit Share capital £250,000, Credit Share premium £850,000
£ £
DEBIT Cash 1,100,000
CREDIT Share capital 250,000
CREDIT Share premium 850,000

B £30,000
200,000 shares * 1 5 p = £30,000

D Nil
IFRS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers alllows revenue to be recognised when the seller satisfies the
performance obligations under the contract. Satisfaction of performance obligations, and therefore revenue
recognition, occurs when control of the toasters passes from Afua pic to the customer. Control of the toasters does
not pass until they are delivered to the customer, which d o e s n o t happen until after the year end.
SHARE CAPITAL
Number £ Number £
Bal b/d 500,000 125,000
Cash at bank (1 for

2 rights) 250,000 62,500
750,000
Share premium (1
Bal c/d 900,000 225,000 for 5 bonus) 1 50,000 37,500
900,000 225,000 900,000 225,000
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
Share capital (1 for 5 bonus) 37,500 Bal b/d 100,000
Bal c/d 250,000 Cash at bank(1 for 2 rights) 187,500
287,500 287,500

B £275,000
The total dividend paid during the year is £275,000.
WORKING
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Dividends (bal fig) 275,000 b/fwd 900,000
c/fwd 1,080,000 Profit for the year 455,000
1,355,000 1,355,000

D Share capital £687,500, Share premium £400,000
Share capital Share capital Share premium
Number £ £
1 Jul 20X4 1,000,000 500,000 400,000
1 Jan 20X5 - 1 for 4 bonus issue (250,000

X 50p) 250,000 125,000 (125,000)
1 Apr 20X5 - 1 for 1 0 rights issue 125,000 62,500 125,000
1,375,000 687,500 400,000

D £115,000
200,000/5 = 40,000 shares.
Balance o n share premium becomes £75,000 + (40,000 x £1 ) = £115,000

B Share capital £6,000,000, Share premium £nil
Bowden Ltd is issuing (£1 0 m / 5 * 1 ) = 2,000,000 new shares of 50p each to its owners, in proportion to their existing
shareholdings. The double entry:
DEBIT Share premium (total balance of share premium) £900,000
DEBIT Retained earnings (remainder) £100,000
CREDIT Share capital £1,000,000
This utilises the whole share premium leaving a balance of zero.

B £120,000
You d o not have to complete the share premium to answerthis question but it is g o o d practice in this type of
question to complete both.
SHARE CAPITAL
Number £ Number £
Bal b/d 300,000 75,000
Cash at bank (1 for

5 rights) 60,000 15,000
360,000
Share premium (1
Bal c/d 480,000 120,000 for 3 bonus) 120,000 30,000
480,000 120,000 480,000 120,000
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
Share capital (1 for 3 bonus) 30,000 Bal b/d 200,000
Cash at bank (1 for 5 rights 60,000 *

Bal c/d 227,000 95p) 57,000
257,000 257,000

D £3,335
INSURANCE COST
£ £
Prepayments 450 Prepayments 515
Cash at bank 3,400 Bal c/d 3,335
3,850 3,850
£
O p e n i n g prepayment 450
I nsu rance cost f o r t h e year 3,400
Closing prepayment (515)
Expense i n statement of profit o r loss 3,335

C £937,530
WORKING
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Dividend paid 312,000 b/fwd 926,450
Share c a p i t a l 125,000 Profit for t h e y e a r (bail f i g ) 937,530
c/fwd 1,426,980
1,863,980 1,863,980

C Option 3
Option 1 is wrong because l a b o u r a n d construction costs of b u i l d i n g a factory w o u l d b e d e b i t e d to n o n - c u r r e n t
assets cost. Option 2 is wrong b e c a u s e directors' r e m u n e r a t i o n w o u l d be d e b i t e d to t h e e x p e n s e account, o p t i o n 4 is
w r o n g because a m i s - p o s t i n g of d i s c o u n t from a s u p p l i e r w o u l d b e a d e b i t to tirade payables n o t to t r a d e receivables.

D £73,750
July-September 1,000,000 x 8% x 3 / 1 2 20,000
October- March 7 5 0 , 0 0 0 x 8% x 6 / 1 2 30,000
April-June 7 5 0 , 0 0 0 x 8% x 3 / 1 2 1 5,000
April-June 500,000 x 7% x 3/12 8,750
73,750

C £27,700
INCOME TAX
£ £
b/d 3,200 Statement of profit o r loss ( b a l f i g ) 27,700
c/d Income tax p a y a b l e 24,500
27,700 27,700
B £14,000
INCOME TAX
£ £
Cash at bank 12,700 b/d 14,300
c/d Income tax payable 1 5,600 Statement of profit o r loss (ba I fig) 14,000
28,300 28,300

C £3,000
The additional £3,000 warranty expense that was not provided for i n 20X3 would be the amount recognised i n 20X4.

C £130,715
This is calculated using a T account:
DISTRIBUTION COSTS
£ £
Cash at bank 1 30,647 Accrual reversed 586
Closing accrual 654 Statement of profit o r loss (ba I fig) 130,715
131,301 131,301

C £650,000
When a company makes a bonus issue it receives n o monies from shareholders. Instead it issues shares to existing
shareholders at par value, crediting share capital a n d debiting share premium (if there is insufficient share premium
then retained earnings may be debited).
Pigeon pic has 600,000 ordinary shares in issue prior to the bonus issue, because each share has a 5 0 p par value. It
therefore issues 200,000 (1/3 * 600,000) shares to shareholders, again with a par value of 50p each. The journal to
record this issue is:
Debit Share premium (200,000 * 50p) £100,000
Credit Share capital £100,000
The share premium is therefore reduced to £650,000.

SAMPLE EXAM
B £1,241,704
TRADE PAYABLES
£ £
Cash at bank 1,249,506 b/d 524,925
Trade receivables 8,236 Purchases 1,987,345
Purchases (discounts taken

unexpectedly) 12,824
c/d (ba I fig) 1,241,704
2,512,270 2,512,270

B £2,255
INCOME TAX
£ £
Cash at bank 1,762 Brought d o w n 2,091
Carried d o w n 2,584 Statement of profit o r loss (ba I fig) 2,255
4,346 4,346
SAMPLE EXAM

D £2,790
FINANCE COSTS
£ £
Cash 2,733 Reverse opening accrual 362
Closing accrual 419 Statement of profit o r loss (ba I fig) 2,790
3,152 3,152
SAMPLE EXAM
B Share capital £750,000, Share premium £ Nil, Retained earnings £813,442
We can assume unless told otherwise that share premium is used to the maximum possible extent when a bonus issue
is made.
1 November rights issue: Debit Cash £450,000, Credit Share capital £50,000 (400,000 x 50p x 0.25), Credit Share
premium £400,000
31 August bonus issue: Credit Share capital £500,000 (500,000 shares * 50p * 2), Debit Share premium £420,000
{taking the balance d o w n to zero). Debit Retained earnings £80,000.
SHARE CAPITAL
Number £ Number £
b/d (£200,000 /
c/d 1,500,000 750,000 £0.50) 400,000 200,000
Rights issue
(400,000/4) 100,000 50,000
500,000 250,000
Bonus issue (500,000

*2) 1,000,000 500,000
1,500,000 750,000 1,500,000 750,000
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
Bonus issue 420,000 b/d 20,000
c/d 0 Rights (100,000 x £4) 400,000
420,000 420,000
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Balance of bonus (500,000 - 420,000) 80,000 b/d 793,442
c/d (ba I fig) 81 3,442 Profit for year 100,000
893,442 893,442
The two most common mistakes with this kind of question are to take the number of shares as the share capital
balance as in A and D (ie, to treat all shares as £1 shares), and to fail to use the share premium to the maximum for the
debit entry for the bonus issue, as in C.

D Debit Suspense £1,900,000, Debit Other receivables £800,000, Credit Share capital £1 50,000, Credit Share premium
£2,550,000
The initial entry resulted in a suspense account with a credit balance of £1.9 million. To eliminate the suspense,
account a debit entry of £1.9 million is required.
The rights issue is 1 for 4, so (3,000,000/4) = 750,000 x 20p shares are issued, giving a credit of £1 50,000 in the share
capital account. The share premium is therefore (3.60 - 0.20) = £3.40 per share, which gives a credit to the share
premium of 750,000 x £3.40 = £2,550,000.
The remainder of the journal is to record the amount unpaid o n the shares ((750,000 x £3.60) - £1,900,000) =
£800,000 as an 'other receivable':
DEBIT Suspense £1,900,000
DEBIT Other receivables £800,000
CREDIT Share capital £150,000

CREDIT Share premium £2,550,000
A £9,893
The cash and credit purchases occur during the year, so when we open the T account with these figures we know
there has been n o opening journal reversing the accruals and prepayments as at the e n d of the previous year. Instead
of being told opening and closing accruals a n d prepayments you are told the difference between them. You need to
think carefully therefore about the side of the T account o n which the net difference should appear Where there is a
decrease in the accrual the net effect is a credit in the expense account, while a decrease i n a prepayment will be a
net debit in the expense account
PURCHASES
£ £
Trade payables 9,801 Decrease in accruals 75
Cash at bank 107 Statement of profit o r loss (bal fig) 9,893
Decrease in prepayments 60
9,968 9,968
Note that in option B the net differences are the wrong way round; option C ignores the cash purchases, while option
D ignores the effect of accruals a n d prepayments entirely.

A All fixtures and fittings are transferred from non-current to current assets.
B Fixtures and fittings are valued at their resale value.
If a company is n o longer a going concern, then the directors have concluded that it will not trade for the foreseeable
future (ie, less than 12 months) and so all non-current assets and liabilities are transferred to current assets and current
liabilities respectively (A).
All assets are valued at their resale or break-up value, which is the expected selling price in a forced sale position (B).
This is likely to be a substantially lower value than carrying amount for assets such as fixtures and fittings acquired
recently. An exception to this may arise in the case of properties, of which Wombat pic has none.
Although not being a g o i n g concern means the directors believe the company is likely to cease trading within 12
months, it does not necessarily mean that it will cease trading immediately (C), nor that a liquidator will b e appointed
immediately (D).

C £667,000
When a bonus issue is made you should assume that the share premium is used as far as possible, with only the
remainder being debited to retained earnings.
SHARE CAPITAL
£ £
c/d 500,000 b/d 300,000
500,000 500,000
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
Share capital 1 50,000 b/d (300,000 x £0.50) 150,000
1 50,000 150,000
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Share capital (200,000 - 1 50,000) 50,000 b/d 717,000
c/d 667,000
71 7,000 717,000

C Distribution costs
Delivery vehicle costs, including depreciation, are part of distribution costs (C) because they are part of the cost of
providing customers with the final product. These costs are completely independent of the original purchase cost of
the product Albion pic manufactures.
E Cost of sales
Delivery inwards is part of the overall cost of bringing materials to their current condition and location. As such they
should be included in inventory costs, and thus cost of sales (A).

C £137,100
INCOME TAX PAYABLE
£ £
Cash at bank 123,090 b/d 114,520
c/d (ba I fig) 137,100 Statement of profit o r loss 145,670
260 J 90 260,190

C £248,600
The total interest charge for the year should be:
New debentures (£ 1 20,000 x 6% x 3/1 2) = £1, 8 0 0
Original debentures (£400,000 x 6%) = £24,000 ( = cash paid)
Therefore, the closing accrual should be £1,800, giving a total trade and other payables total of (246,800 + 1,800} =
£248,600.
TRADE A N D OTHER PAYABLES
£ £
c/d 248,600 b/d 246,800
Accrual 1,800
248,600 248,600
INTEREST
£ £
Cash at bank 24,000 b/d 0
Statement of profit o r loss (400,000 x

Accrual (trade and other payables) 1 ,800 0.06} + (120,000 x 0.06 x 3/12) 25,800
25,800 25,800
D £852,500
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
Bonus issue (400,000/4 * 0.10] 10,000 b/d (400,000 x [ 2 , 2 0 - 0 . 1 0 ] ] 840,000
Preference shares (45,000 * (1 .50 - 1 .00)] 22,500
Bal c/d 852,500
862,500 862,500

B £167,000
The total dividend paid during the year is £167,000
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Dividends (bal fig) 167,000
Bonus issue 65,000 b/fwd 1,055,000
c/fwd 1,210,000 Profit for the year 387,000
1,442,000 1,442,000

A £12,000
The total dividend paid during the year is £12,000. The bonus issue was fully paid out of share premium so does not
affect the dividend calculation.
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Dividends (bal fig) 12,000 b/fwd 267,000
c/fwd 299,000 Profit for the year 44,000
311,000 311,000

B £65,000
The total dividend paid during the year is £65,000.
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Dividends (bal fig) 65,000 b/d 676,000
Bonus issue (1 50,000 - 80,000) 70,000 Profit for the year 213,000
c/d 754,000
889,000 889,000
C £19,000 charge
WARRANTY PROVISION
£ £
Cash at bank 25,000 b/d 64,000
c/d 58,000 Warranty expense (ba I fig) 19,000
83,000 83,000
1 2 C o m p a n y financial statements u n d e r IFRS Accounting
Standards
1 Hexham pic
Marking guide Marks
Statement of profit or loss

Revenue .5
Cost of sales 1
Distribution costs 1
Administrative expenses 1
Other operating expenses 1
Finance costs 1
Income tax expense .5
Statement of financial position
Land and buildings 1
Plant and equipment .5
Inventories .5
Trade receivables 1
Prepayments .5
Equity share capital .5
Share premium .5
Retained earnings 1
Borrowings .5
Bank overdraft 1
Trade payables .5
Accruals 1
Deferred income .5
Provision .5
Income tax payable .5
Maximum 16
Total 16
Revenue 1,1 50,000
Cost of sales (W1) {483,000)
Distribution costs (W1 ) {220,000)
Administrative expenses (W1) {316,000)
Other operating expenses (W2) (53/S60)
Operating profitZ(loss) 77,440
Finance costs (W3) (12,000)

Profit/floss) before tax 65,440
Income tax expense (10,000)
Profit/(loss) for year 55,440
Non-current assets
Land and buildings (W4) 496,000
Plant and equipment (W4) 243,000
739,000
Current assets
Inventories (W1) 91,000
Trade receivables (W2) 52,440
Prepayments (W1 ) 32,000

1 75,440
Total assets 914,440
Equity
Equity share capital 400,000
601,440
Borrowings 200,000
Current liabilities
Accruals (W3) 4,000
Deferred income 6,000
Provision 15,000
Income tax payable 10,000
113,000
Total equity and liabilities 914,440
WORKINGS
(1)
Allocation of costs
Administrative
expenses Distribution costs Cost of sales
£ £ £
Opening inventories 75,000
PerTB 340,000 220,000 465,000
Depreciation (W4) 8,000 34,000
Insurance prepayment (16,800 * 5/12) (7,000)

Rent prepayment (25,000)
Closing inventory (15,000 + 76,000) (91,000)
316,000 220,000 433,000
Note: Read the question carefully to make sure you allocate the depreciation to the right line of expenditure. There is
no depreciation on land because it has an unlimited useful life.
(2)
Irrecoverable debts, warranty provision and trade receivables
Other operating
expenses Trade receivables
£ £
PerIB 36,000 60,000
Irrecoverable debt written off 4,300 (4,800)
55,200
Warranty provision 15,000
Allowance for receivables adjustment *(2,240) (2,760)
53,560 52,440
*2,760-5,000
(3)
Finance costs
£
Loan interest paid per TB 8,000
Accrued interest 4,000
Current period interest expense (9 months: 9/12 X 8% X 200,000) 12,000
(4)
Plant and
Land Buildings equipment Total
£ £ £ £
Cost or valuation 200,000 400,000 340,000
Accumulated dep'n (96,000) (63,000)
Carrying amount perTB 200,000 304,000 277,000
Depreciation charge (8,000) (34,000)
Carrying amount 31 March 20X8 200,000 296,000 243,000 739,000
(5)
Retained earnings
£
Opening retained earnings 61,000
Profit for the year (from statement of profit or loss) 55,440
Dividends paid fl 5,000)
Closing retained earnings 101,440
2 Ford pic
Marks
Revenue 1
Cost of sales 1
Finance costs .5
Freehold land and buildings 1
Equipment and fixtures 1
Inventories .5
Receivables 1
Prepayments .5
Cash .5
Irredeemable preference share capital .5
Retained earnings 1
Non-current borrowings .5
Current borrowings 1
Accruals 1
Payables 1
Provision .5
Maximum 16
Total 16
Revenue (W5) 6,450,000
Cost of sales (W1 } (4,515,400)
Distribution costs (W1 ) (375,000)

Administrative expenses (W1) (540,500)
Operating profit/(loss) 1,019,100
Finance costs (W1) (39,000)
ProfitZ(loss) before tax 980,100
Profit/(loss) for year 630,100
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Freehold land and buildings (W2) 2,050,000
Equipment and fixtures (W2) 221,000

2,271 .000
Current assets
Inventories (W1) 1 10,000
Trade receivables (37,500 - 1 0,000) 27,500
Prepayments 20,000
201,000
Total assets 2,472,000
Capital and reserves

Equity share capital (W6) 500,000
Preference share capital (irredeemable) 200,000
1,512,600
Borrowings (100,000 x 4/5) 80,000
1 80,000
Current liabilities
Borrowings (100,000 x 1/5) 20,000
Accruals (W1) 20,000

Irredeemable 5% preference dividend payable (W4) 10,000
Redeemable 4% preference dividend payable (W1 ) 4,000
Deferred income (W3) 250,000
Provision 100,000
779,400
Total equity and liabilities 2,472,000
WORKINGS
(1)
Allocation of costs
Cost of sales Administrative Distribution Finance costs
£ £ £ £
Per trial balance 4,450,000 410,500 375,000 35,000
Opening inventories 1 13,400
Provision 100,000
Irrecoverable d e b t 10,000
Prepayments (rent) (20,000)
Accruals (consultancy fees

60,000 2/6) 20,000
C I osi n g i n ve nto ries (1 20, 000

-10,000) (110,000)
Redeemable 4% preference
dividend (100,000 x 4%)
accrued 4,000
4,515,400 540,500 375,000 39,000
(2)
Freehold land Equipment and

and buildings fixtures Total
£ £ £
Cost
b/f 2,550,000 620,000
c/f 2,550,000 620,000
Acc dep
b/f 480,000 337,000
For year ((2,550,000 - 1 ,750,000)740), (620,000 x 1 0%) 20,000 62,000

c/f 500,000 399,000
Carrying amount c/f 2,050,000 221,000 2,271,000
(3)
Deferred income
Fees in advance (W5) 150,000
Advances (W5) 100,000
250,000
(4)
Retained earnings
b/f 212,500
Equity dividend paid (20,000)
Irredeemable 5% preference share dividend (200,000 * 5%) (10,000)
Profit for year 630,100
812,600
(5)
Revenue
PerTB 6,700,000
Less: Fees in advance (300,000 * 5/10) (150,000)
Advances (100,000)
6,450,000
(6)
EQUITY SHARE CAPITAL
£ £
PerTB 400,000
c/fwd 500,000 Bonus issue (share premium) 100,000
500,000 500,000
(7)
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
Bonus issue (equity share cap) 1 00,000 PerTB 100,000
100,000 100,000
3 Juniper pic
Marking guide Marks
Revenue .5
Cost of sales 1
Finance costs .5
Income tax expense 1
Land .5
Other non-current assets 1.5
Inventories .5
Receivables 1
Prepayments .5
Cash 1
Preference share capital .5
Share premium 1
Retained earnings 1
Non-current borrowings .5
Payables .5
Provision .5
Accruals 1
Maximum 16
Total 16
£
Revenue 726,370
Cost of sales (W1) (433,798)
Operating profit/(loss) 16,883
Profit/(loss) before tax 13,583
Income tax expense (W4) (12,400)
Profit loss) for year 1,183

£
Non-current assets
Land 25,000
Other non-current assets (1 30,680 (W2) - 57,920 (W3)) 72,760
97,760
Current assets
Inventories 39,323
Trade receivables (1 2,691 - 820 (W6)) 11,871
Prepayments (W1 ) 375
Cash and cash equivalents (1 5,477 + 9,000) 24,477
76,046
Equity
Equity share capital ( 1 1 ,000 + 1 1 ,000/5) 1 3,200
Preference share capital 6,000
Share premium (7,500 - 1 1 ,000/5) 5,300
Retained earnings (W5) 1 9,597
44,097
Borrowings 33,000
Current liabilities
Borrowings 0
Bank overdraft 0
Trade payables (49,809 + 9,000] 58,809
Provision for legal claim 20,000
Accruals (2,500 + 3,300 (finance cost) + 1 0 0 (insurance)) 5,900
Deferred income 0
Income tax payable (W4) 1 2,000
96,709
Total equity and liabilities 1 73,806
WORKINGS
(1)
Allocation of costs
Administrative Distribution
expenses costs Cost of sales
£ £ £
PerTB 198,076 61,554 426,772
Income tax (15,400)
Prepayment (rates 1,500 x 3/12) (375)
Accrual (insurance 1,200 * 1/12) 100
Depreciation (1 8,190 (W3) 30:30:40) 5,457 5,457 7,276

Profit o n d i s p o s a I (1 , 3 5 0 - 1 , 1 0 0 ) (250)
Provision for l e g a l claim 20,000
Irrecoverable debts a n d a l l o w a n c e for receivables (W6) 320 _______ ________
208,678 6 7 , 0 11 433,798
(2)
PPE
£ £
b/fwd ( 1 5 7 , 6 8 0 - 2 5 , 0 0 0 ) 1 32,680 Disposals 2,000
c/fwd ( b a I f i g ) 130,680
1 32,680 132,680
(3)
PPE -ACCUMULA1 FED DEPRECIATION
£ £
Disposals ( 2 , 0 0 0 - 1,100) 900 b/fwd 40,630
c/fwd 57,920 D e p n ( 1 3 0 , 6 8 0 (W2 ) - (40,630 - 900}) x 2 0 % 18,190
58,820 58,820
(4)
TAX PAYABLE
£ £
Tax paid 1 5,400 b/fwd 15,000
c/fwd 12,000 Statement of profit o r loss ( b a I fig) 1 2,400
27,400 27,400
(5)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Dividend p a i d o n equity shares 4,000 b/fwd 26,014
Dividend p a i d o n preference shares

paid 3,600 Profit for the period 1 , 18 3
c/fwd 19,597
27,197 27,197
(6)
Receivables 12,691
Less M a g u i r e Ltd written off (453)
12,238
3% a l l o w a n c e 367
Total irrecoverable d e b t s expense 453 + 3 6 7 = 3 2 0 .

4 Skylar pic
Marks
Revenue 0.5
Cost of sales 1.5
Finance costs 0.5
Income tax expense 0.5
Plant and equipment 1
Inventories 1
Prepayments 1
Trade receivables 1
Cash and cash equivalents 1
Share capital 0.5
Retained earnings 1
Lease 1iabil ity d ue in less tha n one year 0.5
Lease liability d u e in more than one year 0.5
Trade payables .5
Accruals 1
Provision .5
Maximum 16
Total 16
£'000
Revenue 53,761
Cost of sales (W1 } (33,462)
Gross profit 20,299
Distribution costs (W2) (6,687)
Operating profit/floss) 9,212

Profit/floss) before tax 6,840
Profit/floss) for the period 5,586
£'000
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Land and buildings (W4) 1 7,000
Plant and equipment (W4) 1 3,486
30,486
Current assets
Inventories (1 2,232.5 * 1 00/125) 9,786
Prepayments (W3) 32
Trade receivables (W5) 1 0,239
Cash and cash equivalents (7,997 - 1 5) 7,982
28,039
Total assets 58,525
Equity
Equity share capital 1 5,000
Total equity 29,531

Current liabilities
Accruals (387 + 33) (W2) 420
Income tax payable 1 ,254
Provision 250
9,160
WORKINGS
(1)
Cost of sales
£000
Purchases 30,946
Plant and equipment depreciation charge o n leased assets (W3) 3,846
Closing inventories (12,232.5/1.25) (9,786)
33,462
(2)
Distribution costs
£000
Distribution costs p e r T B 6,654
Accruals (Haulage contract 200 * 2/1 2) 33
6,687
(3)
Administrative expenses
£000
Administrative expenses p e r T B 3,652
Freehold buildings depreciation charge (W4) 500

Irrecoverable d e b t 30
Warranty provision 250
Prepayments (48 x 8/12) (32)
4,400
(4)
Freehold land
and buildings Leased plant Total
£’000 £’000 £000
Cost 20,000 38,460

Acc depn b/d (2,500) (21,128)
For year (20,000/40), (38,460 x 10%) (500) (3,846)
Carrying amount c/f 1 7,000 13,486 30,486
(5)
Trade receivables
£000
Irrecoverable d e b t (Unauthorised payment) (15)
10,239
(6)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£'000 £000
Dividends paid 1,300 b/d 10,245
c/d (bal fig) 14,531 Profit f o r t h e y e a r 5,586
15,831 15,831
5 Corolla pic
Marks
Revenue ,5
Cost of sales 1
Finance costs 1
Inventories ,5
Receivables 1
Prepayments 1
Cash .5
Equity share capital 1.5
Retained earnings 1.5
Loan .5
Payables 1
Accruals 1
Maximum 16
Total 16
£'000
Revenue 58,41 1
Cost of sales (W1 ) (43,342)
Gross profit 1 5,069
Finance costs (8% x 15,000) (1,200)

Income tax expense (970)
Profit/(loss)forthe period 1,513
£'000
ASSETS
Non-current assets
31,832
Current assets
Inventories 7,878
Trade receivables (5,436 - 2 7 2 ) 5,164

Prepayments (45,000 x 8/12) 30
22,846
Total assets 54,678
Equity
34,814
Borrowings 15,000
Current liabilities
Trade payables (W5) 2,843
Accruals (436 + 600 + 1 5) 1,051
Income tax payable 970
4,864
WORKINGS
(1)
Cost of sales
£000
Purchases 41,620
Depreciation (40% x 1 ,420 (W3)) 568

43,342
(2)
Allocation of costs
expenses costs
£'000 £000
PerTB 4,789 5,443

Accrual (45,000 x 1/3) 15
Depreciation (1,420 x 20%, 1 ,420 x 40% (W3)) 284 568

Insurance (45,000 x 4/12) 15
Allowance for receivables (5,436 x 5%) 272
5,360 6,026
(3)
Plant and
£'000 £'000 £'000 £000
Costat 1 Nov 20X7 15,152 20,000 12,500
Accumulated depreciation at 1 Nov 20X7 (7,000) (7,400)

Charge (20,000 x 2%); ((12,500 - 7,400) x 20%) (400) (1,020)
Carrying amount 15,152 12,600 4,080 31,832
(4)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£'000 £'000
c/d (bal fig) 9,814 Profit for the year 1,513
11,314 11,314
(5)
Trade payables
£000
Error in treatment of insurance payment * 45
2,843
* In a computerised accounting system, transactions posted to a supplier's personal account are also automatically
included i n trade payables, therefore we need to a d d back the payment deducted from trade payables in error.
(6)
EQUITY SHARE CAPITAL
£'000 £'000
PerTB 20,000
c/fwd 25,000 Bonus issue (share premium) 5,000
25,000 25,000
(7)
SHARE PREMIUM
£'000 £000
Equity share capital 5,000 PerTB 5,000
5,000 5,000
6 Ariel pic
Marks
Revenue .5
Cost of sales 1 .5
Distribution costs 1.5
Administrative expenses 1.5
Finance costs .5
Plant and equipment 1.5
Inventories .5
Receivables 1
Prepayments .5
Cash .5
Retained earnings 15
Borrowings .5
Payables .5
Accruals 1
Provision .5
Maximum 16
Total 16
£'000
Revenue 35,547
Cost of sales (W1 ) (28,354)
Gross profit 7,193
Distribution costs (W2) ( 1 ,933)
Operating profit/floss) 3,028
Finance costs (41 1 )
Profit/(loss) before tax 2,61 7
Income tax expense (874)

Profit/(loss) for the period 1,743
£'000
ASSETS
Non-current assets:
Buildings (W3) 1,354
Plant and machinery (W3) 9,250
10,604
Current assets:
Inventories 4,067
Trade receivables (2, 1 33 - 95) 2,038
Prepayments 123

9,115
Total assets 19,719
Equity and liabilities:
Equity
10,418
Non-current liabilities:
Borrowings (Bank loan) 6,850
Current liabilities:
Trade payables
Accruals (129 + 76) 205
Provision 25
Income tax payable 874
2,451
WORKINGS
(1)
Cost of sales
£000
Opening inventories 3 r 790
Purchases 27,481
Impairment loss (12,750 - 3,100 - 8,500) 1,150

28,354
(2)
Allocation of costs
Administrative
expenses Distribution costs
£'000 £'000
PerTB 2,235 1,857
Accruals (1 1 4 * 2/3) 76
Prepayment (164 * 3/4) (123)

Provision 25
Irrecoverable d e b t 95
2,232 1,933
(3)
PPE
Buildings Plant & Machinery
£'000 £000
Cost/Value 17,630 14,000
Accumulated depreciation (16,276) (3,600)

Impairment loss (1,150)
1,354 9,250
(4)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£000 £000
Dividends paid 920 b/d 4,595
c/d (hal fig) 5,418 Profit for the year 1,743
6,338 6,338
7 Enercell pic
Marking guide
Gross profit 1
Finance costs 1
Property 1
Inventories 1
Trade receivables .5
Prepayments 1
Share capital 1
Share premium .5
Retained earnings 1
Borrowings .5
Trade payables 1
Accruals 1
Provision .5
Maximum 16
Total 16
£'000
Gross profit (W1) 35,939
D istri buti o n costs (W2 ) ( 9, 993 )

Ad ministrative expenses (W2) ( 1 2,699)
Operating profit/( loss) 13,247
Finance costs (5% x 30,000) (1,500)
Profit loss) before tax 11,747
Income tax expense (1,881 )
£'000
ASSETS
Non-current assets

45,729
Current assets
Inventories (18,000 x 100/125) 14,400
Trade receivables 1 5,381
Prepayments (W2) 48
Cash and cash equivalents (1 1 ,996 - 9) 1 1,987
41,816
Total assets 87,545
Equity
Share premium (W5) 500
48,934
Current liabilities
Trade payables (5,022 - 9) 5,013
Accruals (580 + 12) + ((30,000 x 5%) x 3/1 2) 967
Provision 750
8,611

WORKINGS
(1)
Gross profit
£000
Gross profit 39,539
Change in inventory (1 8,000 - (13,000 x 100/125)) (3,600)
35,939
(2)
£000
Plant and equipment depreciation charge (W3) 5,769
Prepayments - insurance (72 * 8/1 2) (48)
Provision (see Note 6 ) 750
12,699
(3)
Distribution costs
£000
Rent accrual ( 4 * 3 months) 12
9,993
(4)
Freehold
buildings Plant Total
£'000 £'000 £000
Cost 30,000 57,690

Acc depn (3,750) (31,692)
For year ((30,000)740); (57,690 x 10%) (750) (5,769) _____
Carrying amount 25,500 20,229 45,729
(5)
SHARE CAPITAL
£000 £'000
b/d 20,000
c/d (bal fig) 22,000 Bonus (share premium) 2,000
22,000 22,000
(6)
SHARE PREMIUM
£'000 £000
c/d (bal fig) 500
2,500 2,500
(7)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£'000 £000
28,384 28,384
8 Liquid pic
Marks
Statement of profit or loss

Revenue .5
Cost of sales 1
Finance costs .5
Statement of financial position
Inventories .5
Trade receivables 1
Prepayments .5
Equity share capital 1
Retained earnings 1
Borrowings ,5
Bank overdraft .5
Trade payables 1
Accruals .5
Deferred income .5
Provision 1
Income tax payable J
Maximum 16
Total 16
£
Revenue 1,590,000
Cost of sales (W1) {541,700)
Other operating expenses (W2) (69,000)

Fi n ance costs (W3 ) ( 3, 000 )
Profit/(loss) before tax 553,800

Non-current assets
924,800
Current assets
Prepayments (W1 ) 5,000

141,000
Equity
Prefe re nee sh are ca p itaI 0
Share premium (W6) 0
906,800
Current liabilities
Borrowings 0
Accruals 5,000
Redeemable 6% preference dividend accrued 2,000
Provision (W2) 25,000

109,000

WORKINGS
(1)
Allocation of costs
expenses costs Cost of sales
£ £ £
PerTB 169,000 236,000 600,000
Rent prepayment (5,000)
Accrual (Insurance) 5,000
Closing inventory (120,000)
191,500 231,000 541,700
Note: Read the question carefully to make sure you allocate the depreciation to the right line of expenditure. There is
n o depreciation o n land because it has an unlimited useful life.
(2)
Irrecoverable debts, warranty provision and trade receivables
Other operating
expenses Trade receivables
£ £
PerTB (Irrecoverable debts/Trade receivables) 15,000 45,000
Irrecoverable d e b t written off 13,000 (13,000)
Warranty provision 25,000
Allowance for receivables 16,000 (16,000)
69,000 16,000
(3)
Finance costs
Redeemable 6% preference dividend paid p e r T B 1,000

Accrued preference dividend 2,000
Current period finance cost (50,000 x 6%) 3,000
(4)
Plant and
£ £ £ £
Cost o r valuation 100,000 875,000 267,000
Accumulated dep'n (1 78,000) (95,000)

Carrying amount p e r T B 100,000 697,000 172,000
Depreciation charge (17,500) (26,700)
Carrying amount 31 December 20X8 100,000 679,500 145,300 924,800

(5)
Retained earnings
Opening retained earnings 53,000
Profit for the yea r (from Statement of p rofit or loss) 508,800
Dividends paid (5,000)

Closing retained earnings 556,800
(6)
Equity
Equity share capital Share premium
£ £
PerTB 300,000 50,000
1 for 6 bonus issue (300,000/6) 50,000 (50,000)
350,000 0
9 Colbolt pic
Marks
Gross profit 1
Finance costs 1
Property 1
Inventories 1
Trade receivables 1
Prepayments 1
Share capital 1
Share premium ,5
Retained earnings 1
Borrowings ,5
Trade payables 1
Accruals 1
Maximum 16
Total 16

Operating profitZ(loss) 4,347
Fina nee costs (6% x 25,000) ( 1 , 500)
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Freehold buildings (W3) 26,829
Plant and equipment (W3) 1 8,385

45,214
Current assets
Inventories (19,000 x 100/120) 15,833
Trade receivables (1 2,039 - 1 6 5 - 4,500) 7, 374
Prepayments (W2) 20
Cash and cash equivalents (9,997 + 9) 10,006
33,233
Total assets 78,447
Equity
Equity share capital (W4) 1 9,800

Share premium (W5) 2,700
43,403
Borrowings (bank loan) 25,000
Current liabilities
Trade payables (7,954 + 9) 7,963
Accruals (140 + (1,500-1,125) 515
10,044

WORKINGS
(1)
Gross profit
Gross profit 33,931
Change in inventory (adjust for profit 1 9,000 x 20/120) (3,167)
Impairment (8,000 - 3 , 1 00) - 4 , 5 0 0 ) {400)
30,364
(2)
Distribution costs
Plant and equipment depreciation charge (W3) 7,211
Prepayments - rent (30 * 2/3) (20)
Irrecoverable debts (165 + A 500) 4,665
21,469
(3)
Freehold
buildings Plant Total
£ £ £
Cost 32,520 57,688
Acc depn (4,878) (31,692)
For year ((32,520)740), (57,688 x 125%) (813) (7,211)
Impairment (8,000 - 3,100)- 4 r 500) 0 (400)
Carrying amount 26,829 18,385 45,214
(4)
SHARE CAPITAL
£ £
b/d 18,000
c/d (bal fig) 19,800 Bonus (share premium) 1,800
1 9,800 19,800
(5)
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
c/d (bal fig) 2,700
4,500 4,500
(6)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
23,003 23,003
10 Waterford pic
Marks
Gross profit 1
Distribution costs .5
Finance costs 1
Property 1
Motor vehicles 1.5
Inventories 1
Trade receivables 1
Prepayments .5
Cash and cash equivalents .5
Share capital 1
Share premium .5
Retained earnings 1
Borrowings .5
Trade payables .5
Accruals 1
Deferred income .5
Maximum 16
Total 16
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 3 1 May 20X6
Operating profit/(loss) (2,927)
Finance costs (14,000 * 7.5%) (1,050)

ProfitZ(loss) before tax (3,977)
ProfitZ(loss) for the period (11,977)
Statement of financial position as at 3 1 May 20X6
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property (W3) 71,410
Motor vehicles (W3) 3,383
90,955
Current assets
Inventories (3,757 - 78) 3,679
Prepayments 55
1 7,405
Equity
Share premium (W6) 9,000

75,817
Current liabilities
Trade payables 675
Accruals (567 + 450) 1,017
18,543
WORKINGS
(1)
Gross profit
Gross profit 45,998
Loss o n disposal (W9) (3,667)
Motor vehicle depreciation (2,250)
Change in inventory (78)
Plant depreciation (2,852)
37,151
(2)
Insurance prepaid (55)
Building depreciation 1,590
Receivables allowance (W4) 897
29,989
Distribution costs

(3)
Buildings Plant Motorvehicles
£ £ £
Cost 80,000 26,100 17,000
Acc depn 7,000 7,086 5,200
Carrying amount b/fwd 73,000 19,014 11,800
Depreciation expense ((80,000 - 500)750), (19,014 x 1 5%),

((17,000-8,000) x 25%) (1,590) (2,852) (2,250)
Disposal (8,000 -(8,000 x 25% x 11/12) (6,167)
Carrying amount 71,410 16,162 3,383
(4)
Receivables and allowances for receivables
Irrecoverable d e b t (650)
8,240
3% allowance for receivables (247)
7,993
(5)
SHARE CAPITAL
£ £
b/d 25,000
_ Bonus issue (25,000/4) 6,250
0 31,250
(6)
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
b/d 9,000
9,000
(7)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Dividends paid 600 b/d 48,144
Loss for the year 11,977
c/d (bal fig) 35,567
48,144 48,144
(8)
SUSPENSE
£ £
Disposal account 2,500 b/d 17,601
Bonus issue 6,250
17,601 17,601
(9)
DISPOSAL ACCOUNT
£ £
Motor vehicle accumulated

Motor vehicle cost 8,000 depreciation 1,833
Suspense 2,500
Loss o n disposal 3,667
8,000 8,000

B £112,800
Retained earnings at 1 January 20X6 151,600
Bonus issue (5,000)

Dividend paid (16,000)
Loss for the year (17,800)
Retained earnings at 31 December 20X6 112, 800
Option (A) incorrectly adds the loss for the year, option (C) incorrectly adds the proceeds o n issue of shares and
option (D) ignores the bonus issue and the dividend paid.

D £130,000
Share capital at 1 January 20X8 100,000

Issue of shares (20,000 * £1 ) 20,000
Bonus issue 10,000
Share capital at 31 December 20X8 1 30,000
Option (A) include the share premium on issue, option (B) deducts the dividend paid and option (C) includes the
share premium o n issue a n d incorrectly deducts the bonus issue.
B 1 and 3 only
A bonus issue impacts the share capital and retained earnings column and dividends aid to equity shareholders
impacts o n retained earnings. A bank loan affects non-current liabilities and cash and is therefore not recorded in the
statement of changes in equity.

A £64,800
Only the dividend payable on the redeemable 5% preference shares impacts o n profit for the year. Redeemable
preference shares are classified as liabilities and any dividends paid are therefore treated as finance costs. Dividends
on ordinary shares and irredeemable preference shares are deductions from retained earnings presented in the
equity section of the statement of financial position.
Profit for the year 69,800

x
Finance cost (£1 00,000 5%) (5,000)
Revised profit for the year 64,800

1 3 Statement of cash flows
1 Havisham pic
Marking guide Marks
PBT .5
Finance income .5
Finance costs .5
Depreciation charge .5
Amortisation charge 1
Impairment charge .5
Gain/loss o n sale of PPE .5
Gain/loss o n sale of intangible assets 1
Movement i n inventories 1
Movement i n trade receivables 1
Movement i n trade payables 1
Tax paid 1
Interest paid 1
Purchase of PPE 1
Purchase of intangibles .5
Proceeds from sales of PPE .5
Proceeds from sales of intangible assets .5
Interest received .5
Proceeds from issue of shares 1
Movement i n borrowings .5
Dividends paid 1
Opening a n d closing cash .5
Maximum 16
Total 16
Statement of cash flows forth© year ended 31 March 20X2
Finance income (2,000)

Depreciation 232,900
Amortisation (W1 ) 21,200
Impairment charge (W1 ) 20,000
Gain/loss o n sales of property, plant and equipment 84,810
Gain/loss o n sales of intangible assets (1 7,000 - 24,000) (7,000)
Movement i n inventories (285,550-430,040) (144,490)

Movement i n trade receivables (224, 1 50 - 342, 700) (118,550)
Movement in trade payables (146,700 - 1 3 5 , 9 0 0 - 13,900) (3,100)
Cash generated from operations 903,410
Tax paid (W2) (236,420)
Interest paid (W3) (92,200)
Net cash from/used in operating activities 574,790
Purchase of property, plant a n d equipment (W4) (531,900)
Purchase of intangible assets (251,340)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment (127,800 - 84,310) 42,990
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets 24,000
Interest received 2,000
Net cash from/used in investing activities (714,250)
Proceeds from issue of shares (W5) 126,800
Movement in borrowings ((423,000 + 51,000) - (567,400 + 1 1 5,600) + (75,000)) 284,000
Dividends paid (W6) (231,640)
Net cash from/used in financing activities 179,160
Net increase/decrease in cash and cash equivalents 39,700
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period (13,430)
Cash and cash equivalents at e n d of period 26,270
WORKINGS
(1)
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
£ £
b/d 386,900 Amortisation (ba I fig) 21,200
Purchases 251,340 Disposals 17,000
Impairment charge 20,000
c/d 580,040
638,240 638,240
(2)
TAX PAID
£ £
b/d 192,520
Cash (bal fig) 236,420 Statement of profit o r loss 245,700
c/d 201,800
438,220 438,220
(3)
INTEREST PAID
£ £
b/d 12,350
Cash ( b a l f i g ) 92,200 Statement of profit o r loss 89,600
c/d 9,750
101,950 101,950
(4)
PPE
£ £
b/d 797,500
Purchases 13,900 Disposals 127,800
Cash ( b a l f i g ) 531,900 Depreciation 232,900
c/d 982,600
1,343,300 1,343,300
(5)
SHARE CAPITAL A N D SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
B/d (232,800 + 351,000) 583,800
c/d ( 3 9 8 , 2 0 0 + 312,400) 710,600 Cash (bal fig) 126,800
710,600 710,600
(6)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Dividend (bal fig) 231,640 b/d 282,100
c/d 534,800 Profit i n p e r i o d 484,340
766,440 766,440
2 Castle pic
Marks
Profit before tax .5

Finance income ,5
Finance costs .5
Depreciation 1
Amortisation 1
Gain/loss on sales of property, plant and equipment .5
Movement in inventories .5
Movement in trade receivables 1
Movement in prepayments .5
Movement in trade payables 1
Movement in accruals 1
Tax paid 1
Interest paid .5
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 1
Purchase of intangible assets .5
Purchase of investments .5
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 1
Interest received 1
Proceeds from issue of shares .5
Dividends paid .5
Movement in borrowings 1
Opening and closing cash .5
Maximum 16
Total 16
£ £
Profit before tax 3,370,000
Depreciation (W2) 902,000
Amortisation (W5) 975,000
Gain/loss on sales of property, plant and equipment 189,000
Movement in inventories (26,000)
Movement in trade receivables (W12) (20,000)
Movement in prepayments 1 3,000
Movement in trade payables (W13) 145,000
Movement i n accruals (W11) (162,000)
Cash generated from operations 5,871,000
Tax paid (W7) (546,000)
Interest paid (W10) (513,000)
Net cash from/used in operating activities 4,812,000
Purchase of property, plant a n d equipment (W1) (1,394,000)
Purchase of intangible assets (W4) (339,000)

Purchase of investments (W6) (2,018,000)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment (W3) 221,000
Net cash from/used in investing activities (3,454,000)
Proceeds from issue of shares {W8) 422,000
Dividends paid (243,000)
Movement in borrowings (1,400,000)
Net cash from/used in financing activities (1,221,000)
Net increase/decrease in cash and cash equivalents 1 37,000
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 222,000
Cash and cash equivalents at e n d of year 359,000
WORKINGS
(1)
PROPERTY, PLANT A N D EQUIPMENT -COST
£ £
b/d 3,091,000
Cash (bal fig) 1,394,000 PPE - disposals 1,201,000
c/d 3,284,000
4,485,000 4,485,000
(2)
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT - ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
£ £
b/d 2,001,000
PPE - disposals (1,201,000 - 496,000) 705,000 Statement of profit o r loss (bal fig) 902,000
c/d 2,198,000
2,903,000 2,903,000
(3)
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT- PROCEEDS FROM DISPOSALS
£ £
PPE - cost o r val uation 1,201,000 PPE - acc dep (1,201,000 - 496,000) 705,000
Trade receivables 79,000 Statement of profit o r loss 189,000
Cash (bal fig) 221,000
c/d 165,000
1,280,000 1,280,000
(4)
INTANGIBLE ASSETS - COST
£ £
b/d 8,645,000
Cash ( b a l f i g ) 339,000
Trade p a y a b l e s 376,000 c/d 9,360,000
9,360,000 9,360,000
(5)
INTANGIBLE ASSETS - ACC UMULATED DEPRECIATION
£ £
b/d 2,715,000
c/d 3,690,000 Statement of profit o r loss ( b a l f i g ) 975,000
3,690,000 3,690,000
(6)
INVEST ME NTS
£ £
b/d 127,000
C a s h ( b aI fig) 2,018,000 c/d 2,145,000
2,145,000 2,145,000
(7)
TAX PAID
£ £
Cash ( b a l f i g ) 546,000 b/d 503,000
c/d 641,000 Statement of profit o r loss 684,000
1,187,000 1,187,000
(8)
SHARE CAPITAL A NI D SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
b/d (1 ,000,000 + 1 , 4 2 1 ,000) 2 , 4 2 1 ,000
Retained e a r n i n g s 500,000
c/d (1,800,000 + 1,543,000) 3,343,000 Cash (bal fig) 422,000
3,343,000 3,343,000
(9)
INTEREST RECEIVED
£ £
b/d 8,000 Cash (bal fig) 76,000
State m e nt of p rofit o r Ioss 78,000 c/d 10,000
86.000 86.000
(101
INTEREST PAID
£ £
Cash ( b a l f i g ) 513,000 b/d 75,000
c/d 125,000 Statement of profit o r loss 563,000
638,000 638,000
(11)
ACCRUALS
£ £
Cash (bal fig) 162,000 b/d 262,000
c/d 100,000
262,000 262,000
(121
T R A D E RECEIVABLES
£ £
b/d 840,000 b/d 8,000
Cash (bal fig) 20,000 79,000
Interest receivable 10,000
PPE 165,000 c/d 948,000
1,035,000 1,035,000
(13)
TRADE PAYABLES
£ £
b/d 896,000
Cash (bal fig) 145,000
c/d 1,417,000 I n t a n g i b l e assets 376,000
1,417,000 1,417,000
3 Tam pic
Marking guide

Finance income .5
Finance costs .5
Depreciation .5
Amortisation 1
Gain/loss o n sales of property, plant and equipment 1
Gain/loss o n sales of intangible assets 1
Movement i n inventories .5
Movement i n prepayments .5
Movement i n trade payables .5
Movement i n accruals .5
Movement i n provisions .5
Tax paid 1
Interest paid 1
Purchase of PPE 1
Purchase of investments .5
Proceeds from sales of intangible assets .5
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares .5
Dividends paid 1
Movement i n borrowings .5
Maximum 16
Total 16

Depreciation ( W5) 1 , 1 00,000
Amortisation (W3) 1 9,000
Gain/loss o n sales of property, plant and equipment (W8) (98,000)
Gain/loss o n sales of intangible assets 3,000
Movement i n inventories (87,000)
Movement in trade and other receivables (W10) (5,000)
Movement i n prepayments 30,000
Movement i n trade paya bles 77,000
Movement in accruals 2,000

Movement i n provisions (20,000)

Tax paid (W7) (115,000)
Interest paid {W6) (93,000)
Purchase of investments (406,000)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 424,000

Proceeds from sale of intangible assets (W9) 12,000
Interest received (W1 1 ) 45,000
Proceeds from issue of shares (W1 and W2) 242,000
Movement in borrowings (300,000)
Net cash from/used in financing activities (108,000)

WORKINGS
(1)
SHARE CAPITAL
£ £
b/fwd 1,000,000
c/fwd (1,100,000) 1,100,000 Cash (bal fig) 50,000
1,100,000 1,100,000
I I =
(2)
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
Share capital (bonus) 50,000 b/fwd 200,000
c/fwd 342,000 Cash (bal fig) 192,000
392,000 392,000
(3)
INTANGIBLE ASSETS - ACCUMULATED AMORTISATION
£ £
Disposals 40,000 b/fwd 354,000
c/fwd 333,000 Statement of profit o r loss (bal fig) 19,000
373,000 373,000
(4)
PPE - COST OR VALUATION
£ £
b/fwd 6,375,000 b/fwd 106,000
Cash ( bal fig) 1,323,000 Disposals 479,000
c/fwd 351,000 c/fwd 7,464,000
8,049,000 8,049,000
(5)
PPE - ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
£ £
Disposals (W7) 153,000 b/fwd 3,974,000
c/fwd 4,921,000 Statement of profit or loss (bal fig) 1,100,000
5,074,000 5,074,000
(6)
INTEREST PAID
£ £
Cash {bal fig) 93,000 b/fwd 50,000
c/fwd 25,000 Statement of profit or loss 68,000
1 1 8,000 118,000
(7)
TAX PAID
£ £
Cash (bal fig) 115,000 b/fwd 165,000
c/fwd 282,000 Statement of profit or loss 232,000
397,000 397,000
(8)
PPE - DISPOSALS
£ £
Statement of profit o r loss (bal fig ) 98,000 Acc depn (479,000 - 326,000) 153,000
Cost 479,000 Cash 424,000
577,000 577,000
(9)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Dividends (bal fig] 50,000 b/fwd 1,311,000
c/fwd 1,785,000 Statement of profit or loss 524,000
1,835,000 1,835,000
(101
INTANGIBLE ASSETS - DISPOSALS
£ £
Cost (938,000- 883,000} 55,000 Accumulated amortisation 40,000
Cash 12,000
Statement of profit or loss (bal fig) 3,000
55,000 55,000
(11)
Opening (465,000 - 1 5,000} 450,000
Closing (480,000 - 25,000) 455,000

Increase 5,000
(12)
INTEREST RECEIVED
£ £
b/fwd (trade and other receivables) 1 5,000 Cash (bal fig) 45,000
Statement of profit o r loss 55,000 c/fwd 25,000
70,000 70,000
4 Kaya pic
Marks

Finance income 1
Finance costs .5
Depreciation .5
Amortisation 1
Impairment 1
Gain/loss o n sales of property, plant and equipment 1
Tax paid 1
Interest paid 1
Purchase of PPE .5
Purchase of intangible assets .5
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares 1
Movement i n borrowings 1
Dividends paid 1
Maximum 16
Total 16
Finance income (W1) (25,000)

Finance costs (W3) 75,000
Amortisation (W6) 12,300
Impairment charge 1 5,000
Gain/loss o n sales of property, plant and equipment (39,500)
Movement in inventories 304,600
Movement in trade receivables (W7) (12,000)
Tax paid (W2) (300,000)

Net cash from /used in operating activities 1,616,100

Purchase of intangible assets (77,500)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 600,000
Interest received (W1 ) 12,500

Proceeds from issue of shares {W8 and W9) 750,000
Movement in borrowings 100,000
Dividends paid (W1 0) (1,425,000)
Net cash from/used in financing activities (575,000)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 3,100
WORKINGS
(1)
INTEREST RECEIVED
£ £
b/fwd 2,000 Interest received (bal. fig) 12,500
State m e nt of p rofit orloss 25,000 c/fwd 14,500
27,000 27,000
(2)
TAX PAID
£ £
Ca sh ( ba I f ig ) 300,000 b/fwd 360,000
c/fwd 41 0,000 Statement of profit or loss 350,000
710,000 710,000
(3)
INTEREST PAID
£ £
Cash {bal fig) 77,000 b/fwd 7,000
c/fwd 5,000 Statement of profit o r loss 75,000
82,000 82,000
— — —
(4)
PPE
£ £
b/fwd 6,713,500 Disposals 560,500
Cash (bal fig) 1,573,000 Statement of profit or loss 750,600
Trade payables 1 0,000 c/fwd 6,985,400
8,296,500 8,296,500
(5)
£
Opening (1 39,500 - 7,000} 132,500
Closing (1 48,500 - 5,000 - 10,000) 133,500
Increase 1,000
(6)
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
£ £
b/fwd 300,500 Statement of profit or loss (ba I fig) 12,300
Cash 77,500 Impairment 15,000
________ c/fwd 350,700
378,000 378,000
(7)
Opening (144,500 -2,000) 142,500
Closing (169,000 - 14,500) 154,500

Increase 12,000
(8)
SHARE CAPITAL
£ £
b/fwd 3,500,000
Bonus issue (share premium) 35,000
c/fwd 4,000,000 Cash (bal fig) 465,000
4,000,000 4,000,000
(9)
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
Bonus issue (share capital) 35,000 b/fwd 950,000
c/fwd 1,200,000 Cash (bal fig) 285,000
1,235,000 1,235,000
(10)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Dividends paid 1,425,000 b/fwd 2,206,700
c/fwd 1,342,800 Statement of profit or loss 561 J 0 0
2,767,800 2,767,800
5 Siena pic
Marks

Finance income .5
Finance cost .5
Depreciation 1
Impairment 1
Gain/loss o n sale of property, plant and equipment .5
Tax paid 1
Interest paid 1
Purchase of PPE .5
Purchase of investments 1
Proceeds from sales of PPE 1
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares 1
Movement i n borrowings 1
Dividends paid 1
Opening and closing cash 1
Maximum 16
Total 16
Profit before tax 866,1 00

Impairment 12,000
Gain/loss o n sales of property, plant and equipment 55,000
Movement i n inventories (95,500)
Movement in trade receivables (24,500)
Cash generated from operations 1,691 ,600
Tax paid (W2) (347,600)
Purchase of property, plant a n d equipment (2,057,000)
Purchase of investments (W1 0) (1 8,000)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment (W4) 441,300

Proceeds from issue of shares (W5 and W6) 1,400,000
Movement in borrowings (W1 ) (366,000)

Net cash from/used in financing activities 533,500
WORKINGS
(1)
BORROWINGS
£ £
Preference shares 150,000
Cash (bal fig) 366,000 b/fwd 472,000
c/fwd 556,000 PPE 600,000
1,072,000 1,072,000
Further clarification:
WORKING 1,1
LOAN (BORROWINGS)
£ £
Cash (bal fig) 516,000 b/fwd 472,000
c/fwd 556,000 PPE 600,000
1,072,000 1,072,000
WORKING 1.2
REDEEMABLE PREFERENCE SHARES (BORROWINGS)
£ £
b/fwd 0
c/fwd 150,000 Cash (bal fig) 150,000
1 50,000 150,000
WORKING 1.3
MOVEMENT I N BORROWINGS
Loan (from working 1.1) 516,000 (cash outflow)

Less preference shares (from working 1.2) (1 50,000) (cash inflow)
Total cash outflow resulting
from movement i n borrowings 366,000
(2)
TAX PAID
£ £
Cash (bal fig) 347,600 b/fwd 350,000
647,600 647,600
(3)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
Cash - dividends p a i d ( b a l fig) 500,500 b/fwd 74,500
643,000 643,000
(4)
PF’E
£ £
b/fwd 2,950,300 Statement of profit o r loss 750,600
Cash 2,057,000 Disposals ( b a l f i g ) 496,300
Long term l o a n 600,000 c/fwd 4,360,400
5,607,300 5,607,300
(5)
SHARE (CAPITAL
£ £
b/fwd 1 ,800,000
B o n u s issue 180,000
c/fwd 3,000,000 Cash ( b a l fig) 1,020,000
3,000,000 3,000,000
(6)
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
B o n u s issue (W7) 1 80,000 b/fwd 850,000
c/fwd 1,050,000 Cash ( b a l fig) 380,000
1,230,000 1,230,000
(7)
FINANCECOST
£ £
Cash ( b a l f i g ) 84,000 b/fwd 5,000
c/fwd 1 0,000 State m e nt of p rofit o r Io ss 89,000
94,000 94,000
(8)
TRADE RAYABLES
£ £
Interest p a y a b l e 5,000 b/fwd 289,600
Investments 10,000
Interest payable 1 0,000
c/fwd 348,500 Cash ( b a l fig) 43,900
353,500 353,500
(9)
INVESTMENTS
£ £
b/fwd 1 56,000 Impairment 12,000
Cash (bal fig) 1 8,000
Trade payables 10,000 c/fwd 172,000
1 84,000 184,000

D 2, 3 and 4
Loss o n sale of non-current assets should be added back to profit before tax.

D Additiontocashflows fro m o p e ratingactivities: £990, 000
Add depreciation 900,000
Add impairment losses 80,000
Less profit o n sale of non-current assets (40,000)
Less increase in inventories (130,000)

Add decrease in trade receivables 100,000
Add increase i n trade payables 80,000
Addition to profit/loss before taxation 990,000

D 1 and 4
The depreciation charge and the increase in trade payables should both have been added.

A Cash flows from operating activities: £(9,000)
The £9,000 profit is shown before profit before tax in the statement of profit o r loss. As i t is not a cash flow it is
deducted from the profit before tax figure in the reconciliation of profit before tax to net cash from operating
activities.
A £20,000 paid
TAX PAID
£ £
Cash paid 20,000 b/fwd 10,000

c/fwd 150,000 Tax expense 160,000
170,000 170,000

D £845,600
£
Profit bef o re tax 782,200
Finan ce costs 1 5,000
Movement in inventories (363,700 - 310,600) 53,100
Movement in trade receivables (299,500-312,000) (12,500)
Movement in trade payables (277,200 - 269,400) 7,800
Cash generated from operations 845,600
Option A has used profit for the period instead of profit before tax. Option B has subtracted the movement in
inventories and in trade payables and added the movement in trade receivables. Option C has incorrectly subtracted
the finance costs instead of adding them back.

B The board of directors
By law it is the board of directors which is responsible for preparing financial statements.

B False
Creditors falling due after more than one year are non-current liabilities.
C True
Fixed assets is the UK GAAP term equivalent to the IFRS Accounting Standards term non-current assets.

D £820
There are only (25 - 1 0 + 1 0 - 1 0 ) = 1 5 units in stock at the e n d of January. 1 0 of these are valued at £55, and the
remainder at £54:
(10 x £55) + (5 x £54) = £820

Cash raised is 250,000 x £3.55 = £887,500, which is debited to cash at bank. The credit to share capital is 250,000 x
£2 = £500,000, while the credit to share premium is 250,000 x £1.55 = £387,500.
SAMPLE EXAM

A £4,929,600
Retained profits at 1.1. X8 4,695,600

Debenture interest (£1.3 m x 10%) (130,000)
Tax (156,000)
Retai ned profits at 3 1 . 1 2 X8 4,929,600
SAMPLE EXAM
A Bonus issue of shares
The bonus issue of shares (A) does not involve cash, the double entry is Debit Share premium, Credit Share capital.
Options B, C and D d o involve cash a n d would b e recorded in the cash at bank account.
1 5 Sole t r a d e r financial statements u n d e r U K GAAP

A Debit Drawings account, Credit Motor vehicle expenses account
The petrol bills have been debited to motor vehicle expenses. This is incorrect and should be reversed (so credit
motor vehicle expenses). Because they are private expenses of the owner, they should be debited to the drawings
account.

B A credit balance of £7,070
The corrected account looks like this.
CAPITAL ACCOUNT
£ £
Drawings 6,200 Balance b/d 270
Balance c/d 7,070
Net profit 13,000
13,270 13,270

C overstated by £800
The accrual should have increased expenses by £400 b u t instead expenses were decreased by £400 leading to an
overstatement of profit of £800.

A £9,900
£4,000 tax + £5,900 rent = £9,900
Rent
1 June 20X7 to 31 December 20X7 = 7/12 x £5,400 3,150
1 January 20X8 to 31 May 20X8 = 5/12 * £6,600 2,750

5,900
Local property tax
1 June 20X7 to 31 March 20X8 = 10/12 x £3,900 3,250
1 April 20X8 to 31 May 20X8 = 2/12 x £4,500 750
4,000
Recording a n accrual means a n expense for £475 has been recognised in the period when a reduction in expense
would have been recorded if the prepayment had been recorded. As such, profit has been understated by 2 x £475 =
£950.

B £11,900
Decrease in net assets 11,025
Capital introduced 14,000
Drawings (875 x 12) (10,500)
Drawings (2,625)
Loss 11,900

A £8,750 profit
Use the accounting equation:
Net assets at 31 December 20X8 32,500
Owner's interest
Opening capital
(= opening net assets) 23,000
Profit (balancing figure) 8,750
Drawings (2,500 + 750) (3,250)
32,500
Goods drawn by owner are taken at cost.

C £149,000
Increase in net assets 127,000
Add drawings 47,000
Deduct capital paid in (25,000)
Net profit 149,000

A £9,600
Opening net assets 266,800
Drawings (£1 0,000 + £30,000) (40,000)
Profit (balancing figure) 9,600
Closing net assets 286,400

B Accrued interest charges
D Lease liability
Owner's capital and drawings relate to capital; income tax payable does not feature in a sole trader's balance sheet

C Opening capital + capital introduced + profit - drawings

A Debit Debtors £156, Debit Sales £24, Credit Cash £180
The correcting journals in full are:
£ £
DEBIT Debtors 180

CREDIT Cash 180
DEBIT Sales (2 x 12) 24
CREDIT Debtors 24
So the net correcting journal (A) is
£ £
DEBIT Debtors 156
DEBIT Sales 24
CREDIT Cash 180
SAMPLE EXAM (amended)

A Fixed assets
C Drawings
E Profit for the year
Share premium (B) and dividends paid (D) are found only in company financial statements. Fixed assets (A) is a UK
GAAP term which can be seen i n the financial statements of sole traders, or some limited companies. Sole traders
take drawings (C) rather than dividends. Profit for the year (E) can b e found in any financial statements.
SAMPLE EXAM
B Net profit of £1 4, 1 1 3, net assets of £4,1 1 3
Using the balance sheet equation:
Closing net assets (1,726 + 2,387) (B) 4,1 1 3
Drawings 15,000
Openingnetassets (5,000)
Net profit (B) 14,113
SAMPLE EXAM

B £144,100
Openingnetassets 40, 000
Net profit 11 7,000
Capital injection 30,000

Drawings (£3,200 * 1 2) (38,400)
Stock drawings (£7,200 * 100/1 60) (4,500)

A £15,800 profit
£
Opening capita I (39,400 + 1 5,600 + 1 1 , 500 - 1 0,200 + 6,600) 62, 900
Profit fo r yea r ( ba I fi g ) 15,800
Drawings ((1 2 x 750) + 500) (9,500)
Closing capital (46,000 + 1 8,900 + 8,400 - 7,500 + 6,400) 72,200

1 6 Practice exam
1 Shindig pic
Marks
Revenue 1
Cost of sales 1
Finance costs .5
Income tax expense 1
PPE 1.5
Intangible assets 1
Inventories 1
Receivables 1
Cash 1
Equity share capital 1
Retained earnings 1
Borrowings .5
Payables 1
Accruals 1
Deferred income .5
Provision .5
Maximum 16
Total 16
Revenue 1,705,600
C ost of saIe s (880,500)

G ross profit 825, 100
Other operating expenses (1 74,765)
ProfitAloss) for the year 536,735

ASSETS
Non-current assets
Computers (W1) 84,000

Intangible assets (W4) 40,000
273,000
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents (440,200 - 5,000) 435,200
1,107,235
Equity
1,014,035
Borrowings (redeemable preference share capital) 120,000
Current liabilities
Trade payables (80,200 - 5,000) 75,200
Accruals (120,000 x 5%) 6,000
Provision 10,000

246,200
WORKINGS
(1)
Computer
hardware and
Buildings servers Total
£ £ £
Cost 220,000 130,000
Depreciation
b/f 60,000 20,000
Charge (W2) 11,000 26,000
c/f 71,000 46,000
Carrying amount c/f 149,000 84,000 233,000

(2)
Allocation of costs
Other expenses Cost of Sales

£ £
Staff costs 620,400
Depreciation: Buildings (220,000/20) 11,000
Depreciation: Computer equipment and hardware (130,000/5) 26,000
Amortisation: Licence (60,000 x 3)(W4) 20,000
Raw materials 294,500
Irrecoverable debts (45,000 + 18,765) (W6) 63,765
Finished games (180,000 - (5,000-500) - 155,600) (19,900)
Work in progress (140,000 - 125,500) (14,500)
Provision 10,000
Consultancy fees 44,000
174,765 880,500
(3)
Income tax
£
For year 120,000
Overprevision re previous year (12,400)
107,600
(4)
Intangible assets (licence)
£
b/f 60,000
Amortisation for the year (20,000)
c/f 40,000
(5)
Inventories
£
Finished games (180,000 - { 1 0 * £450)) 175,500
WIP 140,000
315,500
(6)
Trade receivables
£
PerTB 420,300
Less:Irrecoverable debt write off (45,000)
Allowance for receivables (18,765)
356,535
(7)
RETAINED EARNINGS
£ £
639,035 639,035
(8)
SHARE PREMIUM
£ £
Bonus issue (suspense) 100,000 PerTB 100,000
100,000 100,000
(9)
SUSPENSE ACCOUNT
£ £
PerTB 83,765 Bonus issue (share premium) 100,000
Deferred income 35,000 Allowance for receivables 18,765
118,765 118,765

B Company employees
C The company's bank
E Suppliers
The employees, the bank and the suppliers will b e interested in the financial statements of a small private company.
Neither stock market analysts nor institutional shareholders (large owners of company shares eg, pension funds)
would be interested i n a small private company as they will not invest in companies of this size.

C 2 and 3
Application of the accrual accounting concept means that income and expenses should b e recognised in the period
that they are incurred and that income should be matched with the expenses incurred in generating it.
Adjusting for opening and closing inventory (2) is an application of accrual accounting as it matches the cost of
inventory with the income generated from its sale.
Amortisation of development expenditure (3) is an application of accrual accounting as amortisation matches the cost
of development with the period over which it is expected to generate benefits.
The write down of non-current assets (1 ) is more aligned with the concept of prudence.

C Asset values are understated and profit is overstated
Profit will b e overstated d u e to depreciation being based o n understated assets, and cost of sales based on
understated inventory.
C Proceeds of £565 from the sale of machinery to a competitor
As the receipt is unmatched, it is most likely to be the proceeds of sale of equipment as this is not a regular
transaction. The receipt from the credit customer in respect of an invoice of £565 is likely to have been matched by
the accounting system as it is a straightforward regular transaction. The other two transactions are payments, not
receipts.

C £4,500
Profit is calculated as:
Sales o n credit 1 6,200
Sales in cash 1,300

Purchases of goods for resale, o n credit (12,100)
Depreciation a n d other expenses (900)
Profit f o r t h e p e r i o d 4,500
Option A ignores cash sales. Option B simply takes account of sales and purchases. O p t i o n D incorrectly deducts
capital expenditure o n non-current assets.

A Debit Trade payables £420, Debit Irrecoverable debts expense £360, Credit Trade receivables £780
The correct entry is to d e b i t payables with the contra of £420 and irrecoverable debts expense with £360 (£510 -
150), then credit receivables with the total £780 (£420 + £360).

A increase net profit by £7,200
The stolen inventory will already have been reflected in the physical count, so effectively its cost has already been
debited to gross profit, reducing both gross and net profit by £1 8,000. The insurance claim will be 40% * £18,000 =
£7,200. This figure should b e accounted for as follows:
DEBIT Other receivables £7,200
CREDIT Other income £7,200
The credit entry increases net profit - not gross profit - by £7,200 (A).

D £342
As the invoice amounts are exclusive of VAT, it should b e calculated as 20% of the invoice amount after deducting the
trade discount. If the amounts had been inclusive of VAT, the VAT would have been calculated as 20/120 of the
invoice total.
D It reduces the risk of loopholes arising
E Accountants are expected to follow the spirit as well as the letter of the guidance
A principles-based system can accommodate a rapidly changing environment, which is the type of environment
accountants operate in. This is a benefit of a principles-based system.
Judgement is needed to determine any actions needed as accountants need to apply their own individual
interpretation to the guidance.
Guidance needs to b e long and detailed in a rules-based system, not in a principles-based system.
A principles-based system does reduce the risk of loopholes arising as members can't engage i n a box-ticking
exercise.
Accountants are expected to follow the spirit as well as the letter of the guidance in a principles-based system.

A £1,800
Balance per bank statement (1,500)
Less payment not included (500)
Add uncredited lodgement 200

Cash at bank account balance (1,800)

D DEBIT Irrecoverable debts expense £1,085, CREDIT Allowance for receivables £100, CREDIT Trade receivables £985
The allowance for receivables needs to be increased by £100. The journal entry to record this increase is:
£ £
DEBIT Irrecoverable debts expense 100
CREDIT Allowance for receivables 100
The irrecoverable debts are written off by posting the fol lowing journal entry:
£ £
DEBIT Irrecoverable debts expense 985
CREDIT Trade receivables 985
D correctly combines these journal entries.

C Debit the distribution costs account
F Credit the accruals account
Unpaid sales commission of £1,755 is an accrued expense which should be credited to accruals (F). As sales
commission is included within distribution costs it should be debited to this account (C).
SAMPLE EXAM
A £19,620
RENTAL INCOME
£ £
Deferred income 7,720 Cash at bank 22,850
Statement of profit o r loss (bal fig) 19,620 Accrued income 4,490
27,340 27,340
SAMPLE EXAM

A £15,000
£'000 £'000 %
Sales 125 125
Opening inventory 35
Purchases 80
Closing inventory (bal fig) (15)
Cost of sales (125,000 * 100/125) 100 100
Gross profit 25 25

C £11,000
Cost at 1 September 20X5 68,000
Depreciation charge ((68,000 - 8,000} x 2/10) (12,000)
Carrying amount at 31 August 20X7 56,000
Fair value less disposal costs 51,000

Value in use 49,000
Loss o n impairment 5,000
Total charge to profit or loss (6,000 (depreciation) + 5,000

(impairment) 11,000
Option (A) is just depreciation, option (B) is depreciation ignoring the residual value and (D) uses the incorrect
recoverable amount based o n value i n use.
B £119,200 profit
The incorrect figure of £196,800 is arrived at by using a single carrying amount T account and mixing up the b/d and
c/d figures.
FIXTURES & FITTINGS - COST
£ £
b/d 480,000 Disposals - bal fig 164,000
Additions 284,000 c/d 600,000
764,000 764,000
FIXTURES & FITTINGS - ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
£ £
Disposals - bal fig 104,400 b/d 218,000
c/d 180,000 Charge 66,400
284,400 284,400
DISPOSALS
£ £
F&F - cost 164,000 F&F - a c c d e p 104,400
P/L - Profit o n disposal 119,200 Proceeds 178,800
283,200 283,200

C It has other reserves of £20,000.
Share capital 50,000
Share premium (£50,000/£0.25 x £(0.40 - 0.25)) 30,000
Retained profits reserve 107,594
Other reserves (bal fig) 20,000 (C)


C £3,010
3,080 x 9/12 2,310
3,080 x 100/110 x 3/12 700

3,010
B Profit for the year e n d e d 3 1 M a r c h 20X7 is overstated, Profit for t h e year e n d e d 31 M a r c h 2 0 X 3 is understated.
If c l o s i n g i n v e n t o r y at 31 March 2 0 X 7 i s overstated by £1,298, t h e n cost of sales for the y e a r e n d e d 31 M a r c h 2 0 X 7
will b e understated a n d profit for t h a t year will b e overstated.
T h e c l o s i n g inventory t h e n becomes t h e o p e n i n g i n v e n t o r y as at 1 A p r i l 2 0 X 7 , The cost of sales for t h e year e n d e d 31
March 2 0 X 8 w i l l therefore be overstated a n d t h e profit for that y e a r w i l l be u n d e r s t a t e d .

C A l l c o m p a n i e s m u s t p r e p a r e a Statement o f C a s h F l o w s
Leased assets, k n o w n as right-of-use asset, a l o n g w i t h a c o r r e s p o n d i n g liability a p p e a r i n t h e statement of financial
position.
T h e carrying a m o u n t of property, p l a n t a n d e q u i p m e n t m u s t a p p e a r o n the face of t h e statement of financial position.
T h e cost a n d a c c u m u l a t e d depreciation c a n b e shown i n t h e note to t h e financial statements.
R e d e e m a b l e preference share a r e r e c o g n i s e d as liabilities.

A £500 debit
£ £
Irrecoverable d e b t s e x p e n s e 200 Cash at b a n k 500
Increase i n a l l o w a n c e 800 Statement of profit o r loss 500
1,000 1,000

B Verifiability
C Comparability
T h e four e n h a n c i n g qualitative characteristics of financial reporting p e r t h e Conceptual Framework for Financial
Reporting are: c o m p a r a b i l i t y , verifiability, timeliness a n d understandability.
Materiality is a c o m p o n e n t of relevance w h i c h is o n e of t h e f u n d a m e n t a l qualitative characteristics. Consistency is
related to c o m p a r a b i l i t y b u t is n o t itself a n e n h a n c i n g qualitative characteristic.

C 3 only
T h e direct a n d i n d i r e c t methods will g i v e t h e same f i g u r e . A r i g h t s issue of shares is a cash f l o w .
The profit o n sale of a n o n - c u r r e n t asset a p p e a r s as a n a d j u s t m e n t to profit before taxation i n o r d e r to reach n e t c a s h
f l o w from operating activities.

B 1 and 4only
Depreciation s h o u l d b e a d d e d b a c k as it is n o t a cash f l o w . Proceeds from t h e sale of n o n - c u r r e n t assets a p p e a r u n d e r
the h e a d i n g 'Cash flows from investing activities' a n d are not i n c l u d e d as a n adjustment to profit i n o r d e r to reach n e t
cash flows from o p e r a t i n g activities.
Appendix
ICAEW
Suggested structure for Mock Exams in 2024

Exam standard
The Mock Exam should be set at the same level of difficulty as that represented by the 2024 sample exam.
Exam format
The Mock Exam should consist of one scenario-based question worth 40% of the total marks, and 24 objective test
questions worth 2.5 marks each.
Style of exam questions

(a) The scenario-based questions will involve either:
(1) preparing a statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position from a trial balance and additional
information; or
(2) producing a statement of cash flows from a statement of profit or loss, statements of financial position and
additional information.
(b) Each objective test question should conform to the style used in the sample exam ie:
- multiple choice questions (1 from 4),
- multi-part multiple choice questions (1 from 2 or 3, for more than 1 question part), or
- multiple response (more than 1 from 4 or more)
- no negative questions
(c) There should be 2-4 non-numerical, 'knowledge' type questions.
Exam coverage and balance

A Mock Exam should have approximately the syllabus coverage and balance set out in the table below:
Syllabus area Weighting Number of questions

%
1 Maintaining financial records 30 9-11
2 Adjustments to accounting records and financial 25 8-10

statements
3 Preparing financial statements 45 5-8
Total 100 25
The following matrix contains three sets of questions, selected from within this Question Bank.
Each one contains an appropriate balance of questions which form a 'sample exam' for you to attempt. Note that the
question topics listed here are only examples of the nature of questions which may be included - the actual exam
questions may be on different topics.
Question Sample exam 1 Sample exam 2 Sample exam 3
1 Ch 1 3; 02 C h 12; 02 Ch 12, 03
2 Ch 1; Q9 C h 2; 04 Ch 1,04, LO1a
3 Ch 1; Q18 C h 1; 017 C h 1 , 0 1 9, LO1b
4 Ch 3; Q1 1 C h 1; 020 C h 3, 09, LO1c, 1 d
5 Ch 4; O1 C h 3; 04 C h 3, 07, LO1c
6 Ch 4; 010 C h 4; 06 C h 15, Q10, LO1d, 1e
7 Ch 5; 06 C h 5; O1 C h 5, 09, LO 3c
8 Ch 5; 07 C h 6; 05 C h 6, 03, LO2b
9 Ch 6; Q1 C h 6; 07 C h 6, 09, LO2a
10 Ch 6; 05 C h 7; 05 C h 7, O1, LO1d, 3c
11 Ch 7; 07 C h 7; 017 C h 7, Q4, LO1d
12 Ch 7; 018 C h 7; 033 C h 7, Q33, LO2a, 2c
13 Ch 7; Q34 C h 8; 016 C h 8 , 0 2 3 , LO1ld, 2 d
14 Ch 8; 023 C h 9; Q32 C h 9, Q34, LO1d, 3b, 3c
15 Ch 11; 038 C h 9; 033 C h 9, Q36, LO1d, 2c, 3 b
16 Ch 11; Q10 C h 10; 026 Ch 1 0 , 0 1 0 , LO1d, 3c
17 Ch 8; Q12 C h 10; Q38 C h 10, 032, LO2b, 2c
18 Ch 9; Q23 C h 10; Q31 C h 10, 039, LO2a
19 Ch 9; 030 C h 11; 030 C h 1 1 , 0 3 , LO1d, 1e, 3c
20 Ch 10; 0 1 3 C h 11; 031 C h 1 1 , 0 6 , LO1e, 2c
21 Ch 10; 024 C h 13; Q 1 0 C h 13, 07, LO3c
22 Ch 1 3; 08 C h 13; Q1 1 C h 1 3 , 0 1 0 , LO3c
23 Ch10, 048 C h 14; 06 C h 6 , 0 1 0 , LO1lc, 1d
24 Ch 1 5; Q4 C h 15; Q2 C h 6, 027, LO2a
25 Ch 15; Q10 C h 15; Q1 1 C h 1 5 , 0 2 1 , LO1d, 1e, 3a

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ACCOUNTING

The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales

For exams in 2024

Title Question Answer

2 The accounting equation

3 Recording financial transactions

4 Ledger accounting and double entry

5 Preparing basic financial statements

6 Errors and corrections to accounting records and financial statements

7 Cost of sales and inventories

8 Irrecoverable debts and allowance for receivables

9 Accruals and prepayments

10 Non-cu rrent assets and depreciation

11 Company financial statements

12 Company financial statements under IFRS Accounting Standards

1 4 Company financial statements under UK GAAP

15 Sole trader financial statements under UK GAAP

Appendix: Mock Exam guidance notes

Professional skills focus: Assimilating and using information

1 Which of the following best explains the term 'capital expenditure'?

2 Which of the following should be accounted for as capital expenditure?

4 Whichofthefollowingisanaspectofrelevance,accordingtothe IFRS Foundation 's Conceptual Framework for Financial

13 Listed below are two comments on accounting conventions.

20 Which of the following statements is correct?

23 Which of the following is r o t a benefit to users of sustainability disclosures in financial statements?

1 The accounting equation is correctly expressed as:

2 The capital of a sole trader would change as a result of:

7 A sole trader borrows £10,000 from a bank.

Pay as you earn (PAYE) payable 2,480

National Insurance (Nl) payable

No other deductions were made.

Pay as you earn (PAYE) 1 7,000

Employer's national insurance (Nl) 7,500

Employees' national insurance 6,000

11 A business has the following payroll costs for a month:

2 What transaction is represented by the entries: Debit Rent, Credit Payables?

3 In double-entry bookkeeping, which of the following statements is true?

8 Which of the following would require a d e b i t entry in the payables account?

Goods: 100 @£10 1,000

Less trade discount (50)

A further discount of £50 will be allowed if payment is received within 1 4 days.

2 Which of the following should be classified as a non-current asset?

6 Which of the following would be a credit balance in the trial balance?

2 Indicate whether the following statements are true o r false.

DEBIT Cash at bank 3,700

14 Which of the following statements about bank reconciliations are correct?

Purchases 945,800 Opening balance 384,600

Cash at bank account 988,400

Purchases (Discounts received from

Trade receivables (contra) 4,200

Closing balance 410,400

16 An error of commission is one in which:

2 Dec 20X1 Purchased 1,000 units @ £5.00 each

5 Dec 20X1 Sold 700 units @ £7.50 each

12 Dec 20X1 Purchased 800 units @ £6.20 each

15 Dec 20X1 Purchased 300 units @ £6.60 each

21 Dec 20X1 Sold 400 units @ £8.00 each

28 Dec 20X1 Sold 500 units @ £8.20 each

Direct costs of Expected selling

Inventories category 1 2,470 2,100 480 5,800

Inventories category 3 1,450 850 190 2,560

13,280 5,680 820 20,400

1 0 Indicate whether each of the following statements are true o r false.

13 A company's closing inventory at 31 January 20X3 amounted to £284,700.