CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.2A
Finding mistakes
Some learners have been heating water and recording the temperatures every minute. They used the same
volume of water from the same tap on the same day. Here are their results.

Sofia’s results Arun’s results

Time in minutes Temperature in °C
0 0
1 25
2 32
3 45
4 56
5 63
6 78
Time in minutes Temperature
0 25
1 36
2 36
3 48
4 59
5 71
6 82

Marcus’s results
Time in minutes Temperature in °C
0 25
1 36
2 47
3 52
4 68
5 79
6 89

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 1
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

1 Look carefully at Sofia’s results. One of her results does not look quite right. What do you think she
has done wrong?

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2 Look carefully at Arun’s results. He has made two mistakes. What are they?

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3 a Look carefully at Marcus’s results. One of his results does not fit the pattern. Which is it?

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b What should Marcus do about this result?

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Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 2
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.2B
Identifying anomalous results
Zara and Arun investigated heating water. The investigations were done on the same day in the same
class. They used the same volume of water from the same tap and heated the water for 10 minutes. Here
are their results.

Zara’s results Arun’s results

Time in minutes Temperature in °C Time in minutes Temperature in °C

0 20 1 20

1 25 2 26

2 32 3 35

3 32 4 43

4 48 5 54

5 58 6 65

6 65 7 72

7 70 8 78

8 77 9 85

9 70 10 94

10 86

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 3
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

1 Explain which of Zara’s readings do not fit the expected pattern. Look carefully at the readings in the
table.

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2 Suggest what Zara should do about these readings.

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3 Arun’s results seem to show a pattern, but what mistake has he made?

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Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 4
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.2C
Finding errors in graphs
Sofia and Marcus have carried out a water-heating investigation. They did the investigation together, but
have plotted their graphs separately.
Here are their results.

Time in minutes Temperature in °C

0 22

1 29

2 37

3 45

4 52

5 60

6 69

7 77

8 84

9 92

10 98

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 5
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Here is Sofia’s graph.

1 What mistakes has Sofia made?

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

2 Here is Marcus’s graph.

Draw circles round any points on his graph that have been plotted incorrectly.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 7
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.3A
Linking words and meanings
Draw lines to link the words to the explanations.

when a liquid changes to a gas melting

when a solid changes to a liquid freezing

when a gas changes to a liquid evaporation

when a liquid changes to a solid condensation

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 8
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.3B
Making links
1 For each pair of words, write a sentence that links them together.
For example: solid and freeze. If you freeze water it becomes solid ice.
a Liquid and gas.

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b Melting and solid.

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c Evaporate and gas.

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d Heat and vibrations.

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e Particles and fixed position.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

2 Explain the meanings of the following terms:

a condense

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b change of state

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c properties

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d vacuum

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.3C
Linking ideas
Look at the words in the boxes. Draw lines between them where you can think of a link. Write on them if
this makes it clearer. You may link several words. One link has been done for you as an example.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 11
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.4A
Particles in the water cycle
Glaciers are slow moving rivers of ice, snow, rock and sediment found in colder areas of the world.
1 Explain how the particles of water are arranged in a glacier. Draw diagrams if that helps to make it
clear.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Over time the glacier moves forward, very slowly, and pieces break off forming icebergs. The icebergs
float in the seas and oceans and, as the temperature increases, the icebergs melt.
2 Explain how the particles of water are arranged in the melting icebergs. Draw diagrams if that helps to
make it clear.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

When the temperatures increase, the water particles from the seas and oceans evaporate into the air.
3 Explain how the particles of water are arranged when they evaporate. Draw diagrams if that helps to
make it clear.

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Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 14
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.4B
Particles in the water cycle
Glaciers are slow moving rivers of ice, snow, rock and sediment found in colder areas of the world. Over
time the glacier moves forward, very slowly, and pieces break off forming icebergs. The icebergs float in
the sea and, as the temperature increases, the icebergs melt.
When the temperatures increase, the water particles from the seas and oceans evaporate into the air.
1 Explain how the arrangement of the water particles in glaciers and icebergs change as they melt.

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2 What conditions speed up this process and why?

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

3 Explain how the arrangement of water particles in the seas and oceans changes as they evaporate.

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4 What conditions speed up this process?

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5 What happens to the water particles in the clouds and why?

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Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 16
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.4C
Particles in the water cycle
Glaciers are slow moving rivers of ice, snow, rock and sediment found in colder areas of the world. Over
time the glacier moves forward, very slowly, and pieces break off forming icebergs. The icebergs float in
the sea and, as the temperature increases, the icebergs melt.
When the temperatures increase, the water particles from the seas and oceans evaporate into the air.
1 Trace the journey of a particle of water from its position in a glacier to falling on the land as rain.
You should include: the arrangement of particles at all stages; the conditions needed for particles to
change their arrangement; the correct scientific terms. Draw diagrams if this helps make your answer
clear.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

2 Many people are concerned about the rise in the world’s average temperatures, especially over the last
100 years. Explain how an increase in the average global temperature affects glaciers, icebergs and
sea level.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.7A
Air is a mixture
Air is not a single substance; it is made up of different gases. The table shows the percentage of each
gas in air.

Gas Percentage in the air Notes

Oxygen 21 Living things need this for their life

processes.

Nitrogen 78 Used to store food and materials that

would be spoilt by oxygen.

Argon (and other 1 Used in light bulbs because it will not

unreactive gases) react with the hot filament.

Carbon dioxide 0.035 It is a heavy gas. It can be used to keep

oxygen off something. It is used in fire
extinguishers. It is also used in fizzy
drinks.

Water 6–0.1 The percentage of water vapour in the

air can change. It depends on the
weather.

1 Which is the most abundant gas in the air?

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2 Which of the gases is used by living things and is given to people with breathing difficulties?

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3 Which gas can be used to put out a fire?

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

4 Why is argon used in light bulbs?

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5 Why does the percentage of water vapour in the air vary?

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Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 20
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.7B
What’s in the water?
The two labels below come from different brands of mineral water.

Brand A Brand B

Mineral Mass in mg/litre Mineral Mass in mg/litre

Calcium 53 Calcium 68

Magnesium 17 Magnesium 15

Sodium 24 Sodium 21

Potassium 1 Potassium 1.5

Chlorides 35 Chlorides 39

Bicarbonates 248 Bicarbonates 202

Sulfates 11 Sulfates 8

Nitrates Less than 0.1 Nitrates Less than 0.1

Iron 0 Iron 0

Aluminium 0 Aluminium 0

1 Which brand has the most calcium per litre?

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2 Which brand has the least chloride per litre?

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

3 Which minerals are there more of in a litre of brand A than in a litre of brand B?

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4 Which minerals are present in the same quantities in a litre of both brands?

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 2.7C
Comparing what’s in the water
The two labels below come from different brands of mineral water.

Brand A Brand B

Mineral Mass in mg/l Mineral Mass in mg/l

Calcium 53 Calcium 68

Magnesium 17 Magnesium 15

Sodium 24 Sodium 21

Potassium 1 Potassium 1.5

Chlorides 35 Chlorides 39

Bicarbonates 248 Bicarbonates 202

Sulfates 11 Sulfates 8

Nitrates Less than 0.1 Nitrates Less than 0.1

Iron 0 Iron 0

Aluminium 0 Aluminium 0

1 Nitrate, iron and aluminium are listed on the labels at very low levels. Suggest why these items are
listed.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

2 Draw a chart on the grid below to display the data from the tables. Make sure that the data can be
easily compared. You might need to turn the paper horizontally.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 24