QUARTER 2 The Aristotelian

Week 2
and Galilean
Conceptions of
Vertical,
Horizontal and
Projectile
Motions
 LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
Compare and contrast
the Aristotelian and
Galilean conceptions of
vertical motion,
horizontal motion, and
projectile motion
S11/12PS-IVc-46
 What
is
Motion?
MOTION
❖It is the movement or
change in location of an
object overtime.
❖It is often described in terms
of direction, location and
speed.
 Aristotle’s
Concept of
Vertical Motion,
Horizontal
Motion, and
Projectile
Motion
Vertical Motion
❖Vertical motion is referred to as
natural motion.
❖In a natural motion, the object
will move and will return to its
natural state based on the
object's material or composition -
earth, water, air, and fire.
Vertical Motion
❖ For example, Aristotle believed that
because a ball fell when thrown upward,
its element was earth.
❖ Smoke goes up the air because it seeks
its natural place in the atmosphere.
❖ Aristotelian concept of natural motion is
largely vertical motion which is falling or
rising.
Horizontal Motion
❖An object moving in a violent
motion requires push or pull to
maintain horizontal motion.
❖Motion continues only so long as
there is an applied force to an object.
❖When the force is removed, motion
stops.
Horizontal Motion
❖The example at the right shows
piled boxes of food donations. The
boxes will remain on the floor
unless a push or a pull force is
applied.
❖Violent motion is imposed motion
caused by pushing or pulling.
Horizontal Motion
❖Aristotle classified any motion
that required a force as a "violent
motion". (He did not mean violent
in the sense that it is marked by
the use of harmful or destructive
physical force.)
Projectile Motion
❖Aristotle believed that the projectile
motion of an object is parallel to the
ground until it is the object's time to fall
back into the ground.
❖ An impetus will be kept by the object
until such time that the initial force is
forgotten, and the object returns to its
natural state to stop moving and fall to
the ground.
Projectile Motion
❖He viewed projectile
motion as natural and
violent motion.
❖He said that heavy
objects fall faster than
light ones.
Projectile Motion
❖ A notorious problem for the
Aristotelian view was why
arrows shot from a bow
continued to fly through the air
after they had left the bow and
the string was no longer
applying force to them
Projectile Motion
 Galileo’s
Concept of
Vertical Motion,
Horizontal
Motion, and
Projectile
Motion
Vertical Motion
❖In the absence of a resistance,
objects would fall not depending on
their weight, but in the time of fall.
❖Also, if the object encountered a
resistive force from a fluid equal or
greater than its weight, it will slow
down and reaches a uniform motion
until it reaches the bottom and
stops.
Vertical Motion
Horizontal Motion
❖ An object in motion, if unimpeded, will
continue to be in motion, and an external
force is not necessary to maintain the
motion.
❖ If the Earth’s surface is very flat and
extended infinitely, objects that are
pushed will not be impeded.
❖ Thus, the objects will continue to move.
This kind of motion, however, is not
evident in nature.
Projectile Motion
❖ Galileo performed
experiments on uniformly
accelerated motion using
an inclined plane, and used
the same apparatus to
study projectile motion.
Projectile Motion
❖ Galileo was credited for quantifying the
“rate of fall” by measurement of distance
and time and plotting it graphically. He was
able to slow down the “fall” using ramps
rather than viscous materials as Aristotle
did resulting to significantly different
conclusions related to the “rate of fall”.
❖ He correctly measured motion in two
independent directions (horizontal and
vertical) and deduced that the “rate of fall”
is better measured in terms of downward
acceleration
Projectile Motion
❖He used geometry to provide better
description (kinematics) of projectile
motion whereby horizontal motion has
zero acceleration (constant speed
horizontally) and content vertical
acceleration.
❖By varying the ball's horizontal
velocity and vertical drop, Galileo was
able to determine that the path of a
projectile is parabolic.
Projectile Motion
❖ He believed that a projectile is a
combination of uniform motion in the
horizontal direction and uniformly
accelerated motion in the vertical
direction. If it is not impeded, it will
continue to move even without an
applied force.
❖ For example, when you shoot a ball in
a basketball ring, the ball does not
need a force to keep it moving.
GROUPACTIVITY 1
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY 2
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY 2
Modified True or False. Read each statement carefully. Write True if the statement is
correct and if FALSE, change the italicized word or group of words to make the
statement correct.

_______________1. Aristotle claimed that violent motion is an imposed motion.

______________2. In natural motion, an object will move and will eventually return to
its natural state depending on the composition that the object is made of.

_______________3. According to Galileo, heavy objects will fall faster than light ones.
_______________4. Aristotle said that to keep the object moving in horizontal motion, a
constant amount of force is needed.

_______________5. Objects dropped simultaneously will reach the ground at the same
time regardless of their masses and air resistance.
 ACTIVITY 3
Modified True or False. Read each statement carefully. Write True if the statement is
correct and if FALSE, change the italicized word or group of words to make the
statement correct.
_______________6. Galileo concluded that the path taken by a projectile is parabolic.
_______________7. Galileo used an inclined plane to perform his experiments both on
uniformly accelerated motion and to study projectile motion.

_______________8. Aristotle believed that a projectile is a combination of uniform

motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly accelerated motion in the vertical
direction.

_______________9. A kicked ball is an example of a natural motion.

_______________10. Vertical motion does affect the horizontal motion of a projectile.

 ACTIVITY 3
Modified True or False. Read each statement carefully. Write True if the statement is
correct and if FALSE, change the italicized word or group of words to make the statement
correct.
_______________11. The “rate of fall” of an object is better measured in terms of upward
acceleration.
_______________12. According to Galileo, a stone dropped in the ocean will sooner or
later travel at constant speed.
_______________13. In Galileo’s view of vertical motion, the fall of the object is
dependent on its weight.

_______________14. To Galileo, natural motion is largely vertical motion.

_______________15. The fall of heavy object toward the center of the earth is a violent
motion.