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Pharmacological Activities of Vietnamese Ginseng, Panax vietnamensis. The Korean
Society of Ginseng; 1998:127-137.
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and the utility of trnC–trnD in interspecific studies of plants. Molecular phylogenetics
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các mẫu Sâm thu ở Lai Châu trên cơ sở phân tích trình tự nucleotide vùng matK và ITS–
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activities of Panax L.(Araliaceae): A review. Journal of ethnopharmacology.
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saponins from Vietnamese ginseng. Studies in plant science. Elsevier; 1999:77-82.
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ginseng, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. collected in central Vietnam. II. Chemical
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pharmaceutical bulletin. 1994;42(3):634-640.
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ginseng: Highlights on biogenesis of dammarane triterpenoids. Saponins Used in
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vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. Collected in central Vietnam. I. Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 1993;41(11):2010-2014.
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activators from the leaves of Panax ginseng. Journal of natural products.
2014;77(7):1615-1623.
18. Cho IH, Lee HJ, Kim YS. Differences in the volatile compositions of ginseng
species (Panax sp.). Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2012;60(31):7616-7622.
doi:10.1021/jf301835v
19. Liu JH, Lee CS, Leung KM, et al. Quantification of two polyacetylenes in Radix
Ginseng and roots of related Panax species using a gas chromatography-mass
spectrometric method. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2007;55(22):8830-
8835. doi:10.1021/jf070735o
20. Zhao H, Xu J, Ghebrezadik H, Hylands PJ. Metabolomic quality control of
commercial Asian ginseng, and cultivated and wild American ginseng using (1)H NMR
and multi-step PCA. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2015;114:113-
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species in Southeast Asia by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Industrial Crops
and Products. 2015;74:478-484. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.059
23. Chen XJ, Qiu JF, Wang YT, Wan JB. Discrimination of Three Panax Species
Based on Differences in Volatile Organic Compounds Using a Static Headspace GC-MS-
Based Metabolomics Approach. The American journal of Chinese medicine.
2016;44(3):663-676. doi:10.1142/s0192415x16500361
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quinquifolium Grown for Different Cultivation Years. Foods (Basel, Switzerland).
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constituent of Vietnamese ginseng, attenuates opioid-induced antinociception.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 1997;57(1-2):285-291.
28. Quang-Ung Le, Horng-Liang Lay, Ming-Chang Wu et al. Phytoconstituents and
biological activities of Panax vietnamensis (Vietnamese Ginseng): A precious ginseng
and call for further research-a systematic review. Natural Product Communications.
2018;13(10):1934578X1801301036.
29. Jin-Ju Jeong, Thi Hong Van Le, Sang-Yun Lee et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of
vina-ginsenoside R2 and majonoside R2 isolated from Panax vietnamensis and their
metabolites in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. International
Immunopharmacology. 2015;28(1):700-706.
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and antibacterial activities of the essential oil from ginseng leaves. Nat Prod Commun.
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From Panax ginseng Against β-Secretase and Cholinesterases. Natural Product
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4020(97)10026-6
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[1] C.B. Shang, P. Lowry Ii, Araliaceae, Flora of China, Flora of China 13 (2007) 435-
491.
[2] Nong Van Duy, Le Ngoc Trieu, Nguyen Duy Chinh, Tran Van Viet, A new variety of
Panax (Araliaceae) from Lam Vien Plateau, Vietnam and its molecular evidence,
Phytotaxa 277 (2016) 047-058.
[3] Nguyen Minh Duc, Nguyen Thoi Nham, Chemical Composition and Pharmacological
Activities of Vietnamese Ginseng, Panax vietnamensis, Proceedings of the Ginseng
society Conference, The Korean Society of Ginseng, 1998, pp. 127-137.
[4] Panax (genus in Araliaceae). Catalogue of Life, https://www.catalogueoflife.org/?
taxonKey=4C9HK (accessed January 25, 2023.
[5] C. Lee, J. Wen, Phylogeny of Panax using chloroplast trnC–trnD intergenic region
and the utility of trnC–trnD in interspecific studies of plants, Molecular phylogenetics
and evolution 31 (2004) 894-903.
[6] Nguyễn Thượng Dong, Trần Công Luận, Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương, Sâm Việt Nam và
một số cây thuốc họ Nhân sâm, Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật2007.
[7] Nguyễn Tập, Các loài thuộc chi Panax L. ở Việt Nam, Tạp chí Dược liệu 10 (2005)
71-76.
[8] Phan Kế Long, Vũ Đình Duy, Phan Kế Lộc và cộng sự, Mối quan hệ di truyền của các
mẫu Sâm thu ở Lai Châu trên cơ sở phân tích trình tự nucleotide vùng matK và ITS–
rDNA, Tạp chí Công nghệ Sinh học 12 (2014) 327-337.
[9] W.-z. Yang, Y. Hu, W.-y. Wu, M. Ye, D.-a. Guo, Saponins in the genus Panax L.
(Araliaceae): a systematic review of their chemical diversity, Phytochemistry 106 (2014)
7-24.
[10] K.W. Leung, A.S.-T. Wong, Pharmacology of ginsenosides: a literature review,
Chinese medicine 5 (2010) 1-7.
[11] L. Liu, F.-R. Xu, Y.-Z. Wang, Traditional uses, chemical diversity and biological
activities of Panax L.(Araliaceae): A review, Journal of ethnopharmacology 263 (2020)
112792.
[12] Nguyen Minh Duc, R. Kasai, K. Yamasaki, N.T. Nham, O. Tanaka, New dammarane
saponins from Vietnamese ginseng, Studies in plant science, Elsevier1999, pp. 77-82.
[13] Nguyen Minh Duc, R. KASAI, K. OHTANI, A. ITO, N.T. NHAM, K. YAMASAKI,
O. TANAKA, Saponins from Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.
collected in central Vietnam. II, Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin 42 (1994) 115-
122.
[14] Nguyen Minh Duc, R. Kasai, K. Ohtani, A. Ito, N.T. Nham, K. Yamasaki, O. Tanaka,
Saponins from Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. collected in
central Vietnam. III, Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 42 (1994) 634-640.
[15] Nguyen Minh Duc, R. Kasai, K. Ohtani, A. Ito, K. Yamasaki, N.T. Nham, O. Tanaka,
New saponins from Vietnamese ginseng: Highlights on biogenesis of dammarane
triterpenoids, Saponins Used in Traditional and Modern Medicine (1996) 129-149.
[16] Nguyen Minh Duc, O. TANAKA, Saponins from Vietnamese ginseng, Panax
vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. Collected in central Vietnam. I, Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Bulletin 41 (1993) 2010-2014.
[17] J.-L. Yang, T.-K.-Q. Ha, B. Dhodary, K.-H. Kim, J. Park, C.-H. Lee, Y.-C. Kim, W.-
K. Oh, Dammarane triterpenes as potential SIRT1 activators from the leaves of Panax
ginseng, Journal of natural products 77 (2014) 1615-1623.
[18] I.H. Cho, H.J. Lee, Y.S. Kim, Differences in the volatile compositions of ginseng
species (Panax sp.), Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 60 (2012) 7616-7622.
10.1021/jf301835v.
[19] J.H. Liu, C.S. Lee, K.M. Leung, Z.K. Yan, B.H. Shen, Z.Z. Zhao, Z.H. Jiang,
Quantification of two polyacetylenes in Radix Ginseng and roots of related Panax species
using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method, Journal of agricultural and food
chemistry 55 (2007) 8830-8835. 10.1021/jf070735o.
[20] H. Zhao, J. Xu, H. Ghebrezadik, P.J. Hylands, Metabolomic quality control of
commercial Asian ginseng, and cultivated and wild American ginseng using (1)H NMR
and multi-step PCA, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 114 (2015) 113-
120. 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.010.
[21] K.S. Lee, G.H. Kim, H.H. Kim, Y.I. Chang, G.H. Lee, Volatile compounds of Panax
ginseng C.A. Meyer cultured with different cultivation methods, Journal of food science
77 (2012) C805-810. 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02765.x.
[22] P. Xia, J. Li, R. Wang, Y. Zhang, H. Guo, X. Yan, Y. Liu, Z. Liang, Comparative
study on volatile oils of four Panax genus species in Southeast Asia by gas
chromatography–mass spectrometry, Industrial Crops and Products 74 (2015) 478-484.
10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.059.
[23] X.J. Chen, J.F. Qiu, Y.T. Wang, J.B. Wan, Discrimination of Three Panax Species
Based on Differences in Volatile Organic Compounds Using a Static Headspace GC-MS-
Based Metabolomics Approach, The American journal of Chinese medicine 44 (2016)
663-676. 10.1142/s0192415x16500361.
[24] Y. Kim, J.W. Lee, I.H. Jo, N. Kwon, D. Kim, J.W. Chung, K.H. Bang, J. Sung,
Volatile Compositions of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquifolium Grown for Different
Cultivation Years, Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 12 (2022) 136. 10.3390/foods12010136.
[25] Y. Qiu, X. Lu, T. Pang, C. Ma, X. Li, G. Xu, Determination of radix ginseng volatile
oils at different ages by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-
flight mass spectrometry, Journal of separation science 31 (2008) 3451-3457.
10.1002/jssc.200800253.
[26] K. Yamasaki, Bioactive saponins in Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis,
Pharmaceutical biology 38 (2000) 16-24.
[27] Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, K. Matsumoto, Yamasaki et al, Majonoside-R2, a major
constituent of Vietnamese ginseng, attenuates opioid-induced antinociception,
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 57 (1997) 285-291.
[28] Quang-Ung Le, Horng-Liang Lay, Ming-Chang Wu et al, Phytoconstituents and
biological activities of Panax vietnamensis (Vietnamese Ginseng): A precious ginseng
and call for further research-a systematic review, Natural Product Communications 13
(2018) 1934578X1801301036.
[29] Jin-Ju Jeong, Thi Hong Van Le, Sang-Yun Lee et al, Anti-inflammatory effects of
vina-ginsenoside R2 and majonoside R2 isolated from Panax vietnamensis and their
metabolites in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, International
Immunopharmacology 28 (2015) 700-706.
[30] T. Konoshima, M. Takasaki, E. Ichiishi, T. Murakami, H. Tokuda, H. Nishino, N.M.
Duc, R. Kasai, K. Yamasaki, Cancer chemopreventive activity of majonoside-R2 from
Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis, Cancer letters 147 (1999) 11-16.
[31] Le Thi Hong Van, S.Y. Lee, T.R. Kim, J.Y. Kim, S.W. Kwon, N.K. Nguyen, J.H.
Park, M.D. Nguyen, Processed Vietnamese ginseng: Preliminary results in chemistry and
biological activity, Journal of Ginseng Research 38 (2014) 154-159.
[32] R. Jiang, L. Sun, Y. Wang, J. Liu, X. Liu, H. Feng, D. Zhao, Chemical composition,
and cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oil from ginseng
leaves, Nat Prod Commun 9 (2014) 865-868.
[33] H. Kawamoto, F. Takeshita, K. Murata, Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oil Extracts
From Panax ginseng Against β-Secretase and Cholinesterases, Natural Product
Communications 14 (2019) 1934578X19873443. 10.1177/1934578x19873443.
[34] M. Kobayashi, T. Mahmud, T. Umezome, W. Wang, N. Murakami, I. Kitagawa, The
absolute stereostructures of the polyacetylenic constituents of Ginseng Radix Rubra,
Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 15691-15700. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(97)10026-6.
[35] M. Moore, L. Gammon, S. Dreger, J. Koh, J.C. Garbe, M.R. Stampfer, M. Philpott,
L. Jones, C.L. Bishop, Ribosomal stress-induced senescence as a novel pro-senescence
strategy for p16 positive basal-like breast cancer, bioRxiv (2018) 469445.
10.1101/469445.
[36] R.P. Adams, Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/ mass
spectrometry, Fourth ed., Allured2017.