ViÖn HÀN LÂM khoa häc vµ c«ng nghÖ viÖt nam

Vietnam academy of science and technology

ISSN 1811-4989

T¹p chÝ

C«ng nghÖ Sinh häc

Journal of Biotechnology

TËp (Volume) 13 Sè (Number) 2 2015

 VIỆN HÀN LÂM KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ VIỆT NAM
TẠP CHÍ CÔNG NGHỆ SINH HỌC TẬP 13, SỐ 2 - 2015
=======================
MỤC LỤC
CONTENTS

Lê Thị Thu Hiền, Trịnh Thị Thanh Huệ. Đông trùng hạ thảo và tác dụng chống ung thư 197-205
Cordyceps and its anticancer effects
Lê Thị Kim Dung, Nguyễn Đăng Tôn, Đặng Tiến Trường, Nông Văn Hải, Nguyễn Huy 207-212
Hoàng. Nghiên cứu biến đổi gen AIP ở người có hàm lượng dioxin trong máu cao
Study on the variation of AIP gene in people with high dioxin level in blood
Nguyễn Văn Minh, Phùng Bảo Khánh, Trương Thị Huệ, Cao Vũ Hùng, Phạm Vân Anh, 213-219
Nguyễn Thị Hồng Loan, Phan Tuấn Nghĩa. Sàng lọc đột biến G3460A, G11778A và phát
hiện đột biến mất đoạn 6 bp mới trên hệ gen ty thể bệnh nhân thần kinh cơ Việt Nam
Screening of G11778A, G3460A mutations and detection of a new 6 bp deletion mutation on
mitochondrial genome of Vietnamese encephalomyopathy patients
Nguyễn Thị Nhật Linh, Hoàng Thanh Tùng, Nguyễn Hoàng Lộc, Dương Tấn Nhựt. 221-230
Tăng cường khả năng hình thành và phát triển rễ thứ cấp từ rễ bất định sâm Ngọc Linh
(Panax vietnamensis) nuôi cấy in vitro
Enhancing secondary root formation and development from in vitro adventitious root of
Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis)
Dương Tấn Nhựt, Nguyễn Xuân Tuấn, Nguyễn Thị Thùy Anh, Hồ Viết Long, Hoàng 231-239
Thanh Tùng, Nguyễn Bá Nam, Nguyễn Phúc Huy, Vũ Quốc Luận, Vũ Thị Hiền, Lê Thị
Thu Hiền, Nguyễn Hoài Châu, Ngô Quốc Bưu. Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của nano bạc lên sự
nhân chồi, sinh trưởng và phát triển của cây hoa hồng (Rosa sp.) in vitro
The effect of nano silver on shoot multiplication, growth and development of in vitro rose
(Rosa sp.) plantlets
Trần Thị Lương, Nguyễn Đức Thành. Sự gia tăng hàm lượng tinh bột ở một số dòng ngô 241-249
được chuyển gen Shrunken2 (Sh2)
The enhancement of starch content in Shrunken2 (Sh2) transgenic maize lines
Nguyễn Hữu Hiệp, Phạm Thanh Sang, Huỳnh Văn Trương. Phân lập và xác định một số 251-257
đặc tính của vi khuẩn nội sinh trong cây Diếp cá (Houttuynia cordata Thunb.) ở huyện Trần
Đề, tỉnh Sóc Trăng, Việt Nam
Isolation of endophytic bacteria from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. cultivated in Tran De
district, Soc Trang province of Vietnam
Phạm Đức Thuận, Đặng Diễm Hồng, Phan Quốc Kinh, Nguyễn Thị Thuận. Đánh giá tác 259-267
động sinh học của nguyên liệu sinh khối vi tảo biển Nannochloropsis oculata làm thực phẩm
chức năng
Assessment of biological effects of Nannochloropsis oculata biomass used in functional food
Nguyễn Trần Đông Phương, Lê Huyền Ái Thúy, Bùi Trang Việt. Ảnh hưởng của các chất 269-274
điều hòa sinh trưởng thực vật lên sự sinh trưởng vi tảo Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow
Effects of phytohormones on growth of Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow
Vũ Thị Hạnh Nguyên, Ngô Thị Tường Châu, Nguyễn Phương Nhuệ, Lê Thị Phùng Mỹ, 275-282
Hồ Tuyên. Phân loại và đánh giá khả năng sinh tổng hợp nattokinase của chủng Bacillus
subtilis Natto 5 phân lập từ đậu tương lên men
Classification and assessment of nattokinase biosynthesis of the strain Bacillus subtilis Natto
5 isolated from fermented soybean
Nguyễn Thị Hoa, Vũ Thị Hiền, Đỗ Thị Tố Uyên, Đồng Văn Quyền, Đinh Duy Kháng. 283-288
Phân lập và tinh sạch chromatophore từ vi khuẩn Rhodospirillum rubrum làm nguyên liệu tạo
biosensor phát hiện virus cúm A/H5N1
Isolation and purification chromatophore of Rhodospirillum rubrum to develop a biosensor
detecting A/H5N1 virus
Nguyễn Hải Triều, Nguyễn Ngọc Huyền, Đồng Văn Quyền. Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của 289-294
SyrB1 đến sinh tổng hợp Syringomycine E ở vi khuẩn Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae
Studying the effects of SyrB1 on biosynthesis of Syringomycin E in Pseudomonas syringae
pv syringae
Nguyễn Thị Hoài Thu, Phạm Thùy Linh, Bùi Văn Ngọc, Đặng Thị Mai Lan, Nghiêm Ngọc 295-301
Minh. Biểu hiện và tinh sạch vùng quyết định kháng nguyên Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
(SEB) được mã hóa bởi đoạn gen seb phân lập từ chủng tụ cầu vàng tại Việt Nam
Expression and purification of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) determinant encoded seb
gene fragment isolated from Staphylococcus aureus in Vietnam
Đỗ Thị Tuyên, Lý Thị Bích Thủy, Chu Thị Hoa, Vũ Thị Bích Ngọc, Quyền Đình Thi. 303-309
Phân tích trình tự gen mã hóa lumbrokinase và tối ưu mã cho hệ thống biểu hiện E. coli
Sequence analysis of lumbrokinase gene and its codon optimization for expression in E. coli
system
Nguyễn Thị Yên, Kiều Quỳnh Hoa, Đặng Thị Yến, Nguyễn Thị Thu Huyền. Ảnh hưởng của 311-317
L-cystein đến quá trình tạo khí hydro của chủng vi khuẩn Thermoanaerobacterium aciditolerans
Trau DAt và chủng Clostridium Tr2 trong điều kiện nuôi cấy đơn và đồng nuôi cấy
Effect of L-cysteine on hydrogen production of Thermoanaerobacterium aciditolerans Trau
DAt and Clostridium Tr2 in pure and cocultures
Vũ Thị Hạnh Nguyên, Vũ Văn Lợi, Nguyễn Đình Tuyến, Phan Thị Hồng Thảo, Đặng 319-325
Thị Thùy Dương, Nguyễn Phương Nhuệ, Lê Gia Hy, Phí Quyết Tiến. Khảo sát khả năng
cố định D-amino acid oxidase tái tổ hợp trên một số vật liệu khung kim loại hữu cơ (MOF)
kích thước nano
Immobilization of recombinant D-amino acid oxidase on nano-sized metal-organic
frameworks materials
Nguyễn Kim Thoa, Lại Thị Hồng Nhung, Nguyễn Văn Tụng, Trần Đình Mấn. Tuyển chọn 327-334
và tách dòng gen D-lactate dehydrogenase từ chủng vi khuẩn lactic phân lập tại Việt Nam
Selection and cloning of D-lactate dehydrogenase gene of lactic bacteria isolated in Vietnam
Nguyễn Quốc Việt, Nghiêm Quốc Đạt, Trần Đình Mấn. Sử dụng gen lactate 335-343
dehydrogenease (ldh) làm chỉ thị phân tử cho sàng lọc các chủng Rhizopus oryzae sinh lactic
acid cao
The use of lactate dehydrogenease (ldh) genes as the DNA marker for screening high lactic
acid production of Rhizopus oryzae strains
Ngô Duy Sạ, Phạm Tuấn Anh, Tô Kim Anh. Ảnh hưởng của quá trình rửa kiềm tới khả 345-353
năng thủy phân cellulose bã mía phân đoạn bằng formic acid
Influence of alkaline washing on the hydrolysis of formic-fractionated bagasse cellulose
Nguyen Thi Hoai Ha, Pham Thi Bich Dao, Dang Thanh Loan, Nguyen Ngoc Thanh, 355-365
Nguyen Dinh Tuan, Pham Thi Mai, Tran Dang Khoa. Microalgae as indicators of
eutrophication in Hoan Kiem lake, Hanoi, Vietnam
Vi tảo chỉ thị phú dưỡng nước hồ Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Việt Nam
Nguyễn Mai Dương, Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh, Lê Thị Hiền, Nguyễn Đăng Thắng, Đinh Thị 367-377
Thu Hằng, Đặng Thị Cẩm Hà. Loại màu thuốc nhuộm bởi laccase của chủng nấm
Coriolopsis sp. FPT5 phân lập từ Phú Thọ
Decolorization of textile dyes by basidiomycete laccase of Coriolopsis sp. FPT5 isolated from
Phu Tho
Nguyễn Hiếu Nghĩa, Thái Ngọc Anh, Nguyễn Quỳnh Hương, Ngô Thị Cẩm Nhung, 379-385
Nguyễn Trí Nhân, Trần Linh Thước, Đặng Thị Phương Thảo. Tạo dòng biểu hiện nisin
trên bề mặt tế bào nấm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae bằng dung hợp với gen mã hóa α-
Agglutinin
Cloning and expression nisin on Saccaromyces cerevisiae cell surface by fusion with α-
Agglutinin gene
Nguyễn Sỹ Lê Thanh, Đỗ Thị Tuyên, Châu Thị Loan, Nguyễn Thị Hồng Nhung. Nghiên 387-392
cứu tạo chủng Picha pastoris tái tổ hợp có khả năng sinh tổng hợp xylitol từ glucose
Construction of recombinant Pichia pastoris producing xylitol from glucose
Tạp chí Công nghệ Sinh học 13(2): 355-365, 2015

MICROALGAE AS INDICATORS OF EUTROPHICATION IN HOAN KIEM LAKE,

HANOI, VIETNAM

Nguyen Thi Hoai Ha1, Pham Thi Bich Dao1, Dang Thanh Loan1, Nguyen Ngoc Thanh1, Nguyen Dinh
Tuan1, Pham Thi Mai2, Tran Dang Khoa3
1
Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
2
Environment Department, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
3
University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi

Received: 03.7.2014
Accepted: 30.3.2015

SUMMARY

Microalgae are frequently used as indicators of eutrophication in temperate systems, but little is known about their
application to Vietnamese tropical systems. Eutrophication is a fundamental concern in the management of all water
bodies and has been one of the focal points of contemporary research in lakes. In recent years, the socioeconomic
development process of Hanoi caused a lot of anthropogenic influences on the lake ecosystems especially on its water
quality. Hoan Kiem lake, is a historical center and scenic spot of Hanoi, which features the turtle as a spiritual animal.
The lake is the habitat of valuable and rare species with high endemicity, and is also diverse in the composition of
microalgae species belonging to the phyla Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta. Changes
in water quality led to an unusual growth of cyanobacteria, and modifications in components of microalgae species in the
lake. The eutrophic situation of the lake resulted in the blooming of the water, reducing specific microalgae species and
increasing the species composition and density of toxic microalgae. Based on analyzed physicochemical parameters of
the water during the blooming period in March, April and May 2012, it was found that the lake had DO, COD, BOD5, N
and P concentrations higher than permitted. Concentrations of NH4+, NO2-, NO3- and PO43- were ranging from 1.88-
9.1mg/l, 0.12-0.39mg/l, 32-63mg/l and 1.89-2.85mg/l, respectively. Hoan Kiem lake was investigated for composition
and diversity of microalgae. From March to May, 2012, 35 species in 26 genera had been determined. Green algae were
the most dominated group, cyanobacteria were the second, and the last were diatoms and euglenoids, which were used as
indicators of eutrophication in Hoan Kiem lake. Analysis of pollution tolerant microalgae taxa indicated that organic
pollution in water of Hoan Kiem lake contributed to eutrophication.

Keywords: Cyanobacteria, eutrophication, Hoan Kiem lake, microalgae, physicochemical.

INTRODUCTION early warning signals of deteriorating conditions and

The assessment of the trophic level of waters is
important in practice and in theory , especially to
biologists. It would be valuable to have a
standardized index by which the biological factors of
lakes could be compared. However, it is difficult to
establish a generally applicable trophic index
because of the complex relationships between factors
involved in organic compounds and freshwater
organisms. Microalgae are an ecologically important
group in most aquatic ecosystems, however they are
often ignored as indicators of aquatic ecosystem
change. Microalgae have also been used extensively
in studies of other environmental applications,
because microalgae respond rapidly to changes in
environment and predictably to a wide range of
pollutants. Therefore, they provide potentially useful
the possible causes. The relative dominance of
major groups of microalgae recognized by these
earlier investigators has more recently been used
as an indicator of the trophic status of lake
(Kolkwitz and Marsson, 1908; Patrick, 1949).
Microalgae were classified based on their tolerance
to various kinds of pollution (Palmer, 1969). Algae
are also used as bioassays to study water quality,
using media for culturing indicator species from the
field or defined media to which varying degrees or
concentrations of the pollutant are added (Guckert et
al., 1992; Knauer et al., 1997).
The removal of heavy metals from wastewaters
has been widely studied and some applications with
immobilized algae were reported, though these could
not commercially compete with ion exchange resins

355

(Weissman et al., 1998). The removal of residual
nutrients from wastewaters, so called "tertiary
treatment", especifically N and P, had also been
studied with a variety of processes, from attached
algal cultures to controlled microalgae culture in
cooling reservoirs (Wilde et al., 1993). Microalgae
were excellent for nutrient removal processes, as
they exhibit high contents of N and P, about 10%
and 1%, respectively, in dry weight, several fold
compared to that of plants. Also, microalgae
cultures were able to reduce residual concentrations
of these nutrients to low levels and allow for a
significant variability in N:P ratios, from about 3 to
30 N for each P.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sampling sites
The samples were collected in March, April and
May, 2012 during the blooming period (Fig. 1 Google
map). The site was no more than 2m deep. Location of
site: N 21o01’33’’, E 105o51’11’’.
Analysis of physicochemical parameters of water
samples
! returned to the laboratory on ice, and refrigerated
Figure 1. Location of site sampled into Hoan Kiem lake
356
Nguyen Thi Hoai Ha et al.
At the site, data of physical (such as temperature)
and chemical (such as dissolved oxygen and pH)
parameters were collected using a Water Checker U-10,
Horiba, Japan. Water samples were collected for later
chemical analyses. Field sampling for physical and
chemical parameters was repeated at the site within 3
continuous weeks.
Water samples were collected into plastic bottles
(sizes 500, 1000ml) and transferred to the laboratory
within three hours after collection and stored at 4-8oC.
Unfiltered water was used for determination of
alkalinity by the phenolphthalein and sulfuric acid
method. Other samples were filtered through
precombusted Whatman (GF/F) filters paper in the field
and were analyzed in the lab conditions using reagents
(Sigma, Merck) and Vietnamese standard methods to
measure the concentration of soluble reactive phosphate
(PO43-); nitrate (NO32 -); nitrite (NO2-) and ammonium
(NH4+) (according to Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment of Vietnam, 2008).
Collection and identification of microalgae
Microalgae assemblages were collected from
sites that had similar substrates. Samples were
preserved in 4% formalin or 5% potassium iodide
(KI) in the field and the sample volume was brought
to a final volume of 125ml with distilled water,
until analysis. Samples were thoroughly mixed and
one drop of this mixture was put on a slide glass and
the morphology of the algal cells were analyzed
under the Olympus CKX41 microscope at a
magnification of 400× for microalgae identification
to the genus level (Jiilavenkatesa et al., 2001). In
addition to the work of Nguyen Thi Hoai Ha, 2009
on ‘‘Study on biological characteristis and capacity
of biodegradation toxin of some Microcystis isolated
from Hoan Kiem Lake, Hanoi’’, some more general
studies were consulted (Akihiko Shirota, 1966;
Duong Duc Tien, 1996; Takaaki Yamagishi, 2010)
for identification of the taxa.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Physical parameter of the water
Table 1 shows that during the three months of
the blooming period caused by microalgae, the
temperature fluctuated between 2°C in spring
(March) and 10°C at the end of spring (April).
However, the temperature at sampling sites in the
Tạp chí Công nghệ Sinh học 13(2): 355-365, 2015

lake was different depending on the time. In May, that at the time of sampling - on sunny day,
water temperature was 25°C, while the air microalgae Microcystis aeruginosa bloomed; and
temperature was up to 32oC which was a favorable their photosynthesis activity caused the significant
condition for the growth of several of microalgal increase in dissolved oxygen content.
species which prefer warmth weather.
The alkaline pH range was from 9.8 to 10.5.
However, the highest pH was in May and the lowest
pH was in March (Fig. 2). At this time, some
microalgae species had excessive growth, especially
potentially harmful algal bloom species as
Microcystis aeruginosa which produces hepatotoxin,
a type of liver toxin, called microcystin.
Chemical parameter of the water
DO (dissolved oxygen)
In water, dissolved oxygen plays an important
role like free oxygen in the atmosphere. Dissolved
Figure 2. Water temperature and pH of Hoan Kiem lake in
oxygen content in water relies on many different March, April and May, 2012.
factors, especially temperature and biochemical
reactions in the metabolism. The results in table 1
showed that DO levels in each sampling month COD (chemical oxygen demand)
range from 3 to 5.7 mg/l.
Generally, DO content highly increased in COD is one of the significant parameters
March. The explanation could be that at the time of commonly used to evaluate the water pollution level,
turning from spring to summer, the warm and sunny including sewage and natural water. Fluctuations of
weather favored the photosynthetic process of COD content in the lake at the sampling time in
microalgae. This was entirely consistent with the fact March, April and May were presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Data of physicochemical parameters of Hoan Kiem lake water in March, April and May, 2012.

Time (month)
Parameter Unit
March April May
o
Water temperature C 21 23.1 25
o
Air temperature C 22 24.5 32
pH 9.8 10.1 10.5
Clarity cm 23 20 14
Suspended solids mg/l 60 90 80
DO mg/l 5.7 4.4 3.0
COD mg/l 510 560 540
BOD5 mg/l 340 440 390
+
NH4 mg/l 1.88 9.1 5.6
-
NO2 mg/l 0.12 0.28 0.39
-
NO3 mg/l 32 57 63
3-
PO4 mg/l 1.89 2.57 2.85

357

Figure 3. Changes in DO, COD, BOD5 of Hoan Kiem lake
water in March, April and May, 2012.
COD content was relatively high; there were still
differences in COD levels among months.
Fluctuations of COD of the lake water in March,
April and May range from 510, 560, 540mg/l,
respectively, particularly, in April, COD was
560mg/l, indicating that the lake bear a large amount
of organic and inorganic components. COD content
increases more than 30 times higher than the
permitted level (Fig. 3).
BOD5 (biological oxygen demand)
During the study period, the highest concentration of
BOD5 was 440mg/l in April, the lowest was only
340 mg/l in March.
Nitrogen and phosphor
Besides DO, BOD, SS (suspended solids), NH4+
was one of the important parameters to evaluate the
level of contamination of waterways or Hoan Kiem
lake in particular.
Figure 4. Change in nitrogen and phosphor of Hoan Kiem
lake water in March, April and May, 2012.
358
Nguyen Thi Hoai Ha et al.
NH4+ was one of the first products of the
decomposition of organic products in the lake. High
NH4+ concentration shows contamination in the lake.
NH4+ was more highly excessive than the permitted
level of 0.5 mg/l. Based on the analytic data shown
in Table 1, it is suggested that the lake is heavily
polluted. Values of N and P content (NH4+ ranging
from 1.88 to 9.1 mg/l, NO2- from 0.12 to 0.39 mg/l,
NO3- from 32 to 63 mg/l and PO4 3- from 1.89 to 2.85
mg/l) demonstrate that Hoan Kiem lake water has a
high nutrition content (Fig. 4). Cyanobacteria grow
all year-round, but the growth was faster in May than
in March due to warmer weather.
Cyanobacteria grew thickly on the lake surface
and especially concentrated in downwind areas. For
microalgae, the most important nutrients were
nitrogen and phosphor. The content of nutrients
required for the growth of microalgae was very high.
Microalgal composition in water of Hoan Kiem lake
After three sampling periods and laboratory
analysis, microalgal species composition from
phytoplankton samples were determined. In all cases
the observed number of cyanobacteria and green
algae genera was significantly greater than that of the
diatom and euglenoid. Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta
are the dominant species. A total of 35 taxa
representing 26 genera were observed in all samples
analyzed, including Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta): 10
genera, 12 species; Green algae (Chlorophyta): 12
genera, 19 species; Diatoms (Bacillariophyta): 2
genera, 2 species; Euglenoids (Euglenophyta): 2
genera, 2 species (Fig. 5-40). These microalgae
appeared with high abundancies at the three times of
sampling.
Figure 5. Taxa composition of microalgae phyla in water
sampled of Hoan Kiem lake.
Tạp chí Công nghệ Sinh học 13(2): 355-365, 2015

6 7

8 9

10 11

12 13

Figure 6-13. Microalgae indicators belonging to Cyanophyta in Hoan Kiem lake (6. Microcystis aeruginosa, 7. Microcystis
wesenbergii, 8. Aphanocapsa sp., 9. Gloeocapsa sp., 10. Chroococcus sp., 11. Merismopedia sp., 12. Nostoc sp., 13.
Anabaena sp.).

359
 Nguyen Thi Hoai Ha et al.

14 15

16 17

Figure 14-17. Microalgae indicators belonging to Cyanophyta in Hoan Kiem lake (14. Lyngbya sp1., 15. Lyngbya sp2.,
16. Arthrospira sp., 17. Oscillatoria sp.).

18 19

20 21

Figure 18-21. Microalgae indicators belong to Chlorophyta in Hoan Kiem lake (18. Scenedesmus sp1., 19. Scenedesmus
sp2., 20. Scenedesmus sp3., 21. Scenedesmus sp4.).  

360
Tạp chí Công nghệ Sinh học 13(2): 355-365, 2015

22 23

24 25

26 27

28 29

Figure 22-29. Microalgae indicators belong to Chlorophyta in Hoan Kiem lake (22. Scenedesmus sp5., 23. Scenedesmus
sp6., 24. Tetradesmus sp., 25. Ankistrodesmus sp1., 25. Ankistrodesmus sp2., 26. Ankistrodesmus sp3., 27. Chodatella
sp., 28. Pediastrum sp1., 29. Pediastrum sp2.).  

361
 Nguyen Thi Hoai Ha et al.

30 31

32 33

34 35

36

Figure 30-36. Microalgae indicators belong to

Chlorophyta in Hoan Kiem lake (30.
Cosmarium sp., 31. Golenkinia sp.,
32.Micractinium sp., 33. Chlorella sp.,34.
Tetradeon sp., 35. Dictyosphaerium sp., 36.
Kirchneriella sp.).

362
Tạp chí Công nghệ Sinh học 13(2): 355-365, 2015
37
Figure 37-38. Microalgae indicators belonging to Bacillariophyta in Hoan Kiem lake (37. Tabellaria sp., 38. Navicula sp.).
39
Figure 39-40. Microalgae indicators belonging to Euglenophyta in Hoan Kiem lake (39. Trachelomonas sp., 40. Eugleuna sp.).
Cyanobacteria (Fig. 6-17) indicative of
eutrophication and that may produce toxins, taste
and odor problems including taxa belonging to the
genera Microcystis, Lyngbya, Oscillatoria, Nostoc
and Anabaena (Oberholster et al., 2005; Willen, 200;
Oberholster et al., 2012). The Scenedesmaceae (Fig.
18-24) belong to phylum green algae was also
indicative of contamination with mesosaprobe,
oligosaprobe and eutrophication of nitrogen and
phosphorus (Duong Duc Tien, 1996; Dang Thi
Thom, 2009; Nguyen Thi Hoai Ha, 2009; Oberholster
et al., 2012; Xing Wang, 2013). Diatom species
composition (Fig. 37-38) did not indicate significant
with respect to the abundance of a number of
eutrophic indicator genera. Trachelomonas and
Eugleuna is typical of nitrogen and phosphorus
enriched or organic matter as the temperature were
the highest (Gloria et al., 2011; Oberholster et al.,
2012; Mahapatra et al., 2011). Most of the
Trachelomonas and Eugleuna species were found
during the study time (Fig. 39-40). Higher species
38
40
density richness was also associated with the warmer
months.
CONCLUSION
In March, April and May 2012, Hoan Kiem lake
had become contaminated with DO, COD, BOD5, N
and P concentrations were higher than permitted.
Modifications in nitrogen and phosphorus might be
useful for more accurate predictions in Hoan Kiem
eutrophication system. Concentrations of NH4+, NO2-
, NO3- and PO43- were ranging from 1.88-9.1mg/l,
0.12-0.39mg/l, 32-63mg/l and 1.89-2.85mg/l,
respectively. Hoan Kiem lake was investigated for
composition and diversity of microalgae form
phytoplankton samples including 35 taxon species,
26 genera belong to Cyanophyta (34.29%);
Chlorophyta (54.29%); Bacillariophyta (5.71%);
Euglenophyta (5.71%). Green algae were the most
dominating group, cyanobacteria were the second,
and the last were diatoms and euglenoids,
assemblages reflecting the eutrophication lake. The
presence of microalgae taxa listed above primarily as
363

being detrimental, especially Microcystis, indicative
of eutrophication. The microalgae observed could be
potentially toxic to livestock and cause taste and
odor problems for humans consuming the water.
Acknowledgements: We would like to thank
officially the Hanoi Department of Science and
Technology, Vietnam (grant 01C-09/01-2012-2) for
the financial support to this study.
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Tạp chí Công nghệ Sinh học 13(2): 355-365, 2015

VI TẢO CHỈ THỊ PHÚ DƯỠNG NƯỚC HỒ HOÀN KIẾM, HÀ NỘI, VIỆT NAM

Nguyễn Thị Hoài Hà1,* , Phạm Thị Bích Đào1, Đặng Thanh Loan1, Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh1, Nguyễn Đình
Tuấn1, Phạm Thị Mai 2, Trần Đăng Khoa3
1
Viện Vi sinh vật và Công nghệ sinh học, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội
2
Trường Đại học Khoa học tự nhiên, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội
3
Trường Đại học Công nghệ, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội

TÓM TẮT

Vi tảo thường được sử dụng như là chỉ thị cho sự phú dưỡng ở các hệ sinh thái ôn đới, nhưng ứng dụng
của chúng với hệ sinh thái nhiệt đới như ở Việt Nam vẫn còn ít được biết đến. Hiện tượng phú dưỡng luôn
được quan tâm nghiên cứu hàng đầu trong quản lý các hệ thống thủy vực, đặc biệt là đối với các hồ. Trong
những năm gần đây, kinh tế - xã hội của Hà Nội phát triển một cách nhanh chóng gây nhiều ảnh hưởng tới hệ
sinh thái hồ đặc biệt là chất lượng nước. Hồ Hoàn Kiếm là một trung tâm lịch sử, danh lam thắng cảnh của Hà
Nội, đặc biệt rùa của hồ như một loài vật linh thiêng. Hồ là môi trường sống của nhiều sinh vật quý hiếm, có
giá trị kinh tế, có tính đặc hữu cao trong đó có vi tảo thuộc ngành Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta và
Euglenophyta. Khi chất lượng nước của hồ bị thay đổi sẽ dẫn tới sự phát triển không bình thường của vi tảo
lam và làm biến đổi cấu trúc thành phần loài của hệ vi tảo trong hồ. Sự phú dưỡng nước hồ đã dẫn đến sự nở
hoa của tảo lam, đồng thời làm giảm các loài vi tảo khác và tăng thành phần loài và mật độ của các loài vi tảo
gây độc. Phân tích các thông số hóa lý của nước hồ trong thời kỳ nở hoa của vi tảo lam vào tháng 3, 4 và
5/2012, đã cho thấy hồ Hoàn Kiếm bị ô nhiễm với các thông số DO, COD, BOD5, N và P cao hơn mức cho
phép. Nồng độ NH4+, NO2-, NO3- and PO4 3- tương ứng 1,88-9,1 mg/l; 0,12-0,39 mg/l; 32-63 mg/l và 1,89-2,85
mg/l. Trong nghiên cứu này tiến hành điều tra thành phần và sự đa dạng của các loài vi tảo ở Hồ Hoàn Kiếm.
Trong thời gian khảo sát thu mẫu nước của hồ Hoàn Kiếm, đã xác định được 35 loài, 26 chi vi tảo. Trong đó, vi
tảo lục là nhóm phổ biến nhất, tiếp theo là vi tảo lam và cuối cùng là tảo silic và tảo mắt. Những loài vi tảo này
được sử dụng như là loài chỉ thị cho sự phú dưỡng nước ở hồ Hoàn Kiếm. Các kết quả nghiên cứu thu được đã
cho thấy các hợp chất hữu cơ trong nước hồ Hoàn Kiếm góp phần gây ra hiện tượng phú dưỡng.

Từ khóa: Chỉ tiêu hóa lý, hồ Hoàn Kiếm, phú dưỡng, tảo lam, vi tảo

                                                                                                                       
*
 Author for correspondence: E-mail: nguyenhoaiha@yahoo.com  
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