10th STD Social Science Notes Eng Version 2023-24

Social Science Notes ABVRS, Bhuvanahalli, Sira 10th Standard
Unit. 6 The First War of Indian Independence
I Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. British historians refer to the 1857 revolt as Sepoy Mutiny.
2. The policy brought into force by Dalhousie was Doctrine of Lapse.
3. Mangal Pandey killed the British Major during the 1857 revolt.
4. Jhansi Rani fought against British and took Gwalior under her control
II. Discuss the following in groups and answer them:
1. What were the effects of the Doctrine of Lapse? Analyse.
 Lord Dalhousie implemented Doctrine of Lapse.
 Due to this many kingdoms lost their rights.
 Satara, Jaipur, Jhansi, Udaipur and other kingdoms came under British
control.
 He cancelled the princely titles of the Tanjore and Carnatic kingdoms.
 Mughals and Nawab of Oudh were lost their kingly status.
 Soldiers became unemployed
 This became the strong cause for the Revolt of 1857 against British.
2. The economic changes of the time were responsible for the 1857
revolt. How?
 Industrial revolution began in England
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 Indian handicrafts and cottage industries suffered heavily.
 The Indian craftsmen became unemployed.
 Indian cotton textile and wool industries became sick
 People lost their jobs.
 Cottage industries too suffered.
 The British imposed heavy tax on sale of Indian goods in England
 Because of Zamindari system, the landlords exploited the farmers.
 The right given to taluks to collect tax was withdrawn.
 An Inam Commission was appointed and all the gifted lands were taken
back.
 Farmers were insulted and experienced financial problems
3. What were the factors that disturbed the religious sentiments of the
soldiers during the 1857 revolt?
The religious sentiments of the Indian soldiers were disturbed when
they were forced to cross the oceans to serve on a foreign land
4. What were the immediate causes for the First War of
Independence?
 A rumour spread among the soldiers that the cartridges used in the new
Royal Enfield guns were greased with the fat of cow and pigs.

 Cows were sacred to the Hindus
 Pigs were blasphemous for Muslims.
 This incident became the immediate cause for the revolt
5. Make a list of the reasons for the failure of the revolt.
 This movement did not spread to whole country.
 It erupted due to certain unexpected reasons.
 Lack of unity among the Indian soldiers.
 There was a unity in British forces.
 Lack of proper direction and proper leadership.
 Lack of proper goal.
 Lack of discipline among the Indian soldiers.
 Many Indian kings supported the British.
 British used modern weapons and telecommunication.
 There was lack of strategy and expertise among the Indian soldiers.
6. What were the features of the declaration of the British Queen in
1858?
 The administration of East India Company was ended.
 Queen of England passed a declaration in 1858
 This is called ‘India’s Magna Carta’

 The agreements made by the company with the local kings were
accepted
 Ambitious expansion plans given up
 Providing stable government
 Equality before law
 Religious tolerance -Non-interference in religious matters of Indians.
~~~***~~~
Unit 7. Freedom Struggle
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. The Indian National Congress was established in the year1885.
2. The person who talked about the ‘Drain theory’ was Dadabai Navroji.
3. ‘Swarajya is my birth right’ was declared byBala Gangadhar Tilak .
4. The Ali brothers started the movement Khilafath.
5. Separate nation for Muslims was proposed by Mohammad Ali Jinnah
6. The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress that took place in
1929 was presided by Jawahar Lal Nehru .
7. The person who started ‘Mahad’ and ‘Kalaram’ temple movements
was Dr. B R Ambedkar.

8. The Jhansi regiment of Indian National Army was leaded by Captain
Lakshmi Sehagal
9. The place where Gandhiji carried out the Salt Satyagraha was Sabaramati
Ashrama.
10. Quit India movement was carried out in the year 1942.
II. Fill in the blanks with given alternatives:
1. Founder of the Indian National Congress was .
a) Mahathma Gandiji b) A.O. Hume
c) Balagangadhara Tilak d) Gopalkrishna Gokhale
2. Publisher of ‘Maratha’ Paper was .
a) Jawaharlal Nehru b) Ras Bihari Boss
c) Bal Gangadhara Tilak d) V.D.Savarkar
3. Swaraj Party was established in the year
a) 1924 b) 1923 c) 1929 d) 1906
4. President of Indian National Congress Haripura session was
a) Sardar vallabha Bhai Patel b) Dr. B.R.Ambedkar
c) Lal Lajpat Roy d) Subhashchandra Bose
5. Iron man of India was
a) Bhagath Sing b) Chandrashekar Azad

c) Abul Kalam Azad d) Sardar Vallab bai Patel
III. Answer the following questions.
1) Which were the organizations in India before the establishment of
the Indian National Congress?
 The Hindu Mela,
 All Indian Association,
 Poona Public Sabha and
 Indian Association
2) What were the demands put forward by moderates to the British?
 The first twenty years of the Indian national Congress is called as age of
Moderates.
 W.C Banerjee, M.G Ranade, S. Banerjee, Dadabai Navoroji, Gopala Krishna
Gokhale were the leaders.
 They had faith in the British administration
 They used Prayers and Requests.
 They taught people about political situation.
 They Created Political awareness among the people.
 They organized public meetings

 Discussed various problems and submitted memorandums to the
government.
Their demands –
i) Reduction of military expanses
ii) Development of Indian industries
iii) Improvement in educational standards
iv) Programmes for poverty alleviation
3) Analyse the Drain Theory.
 Moderates were first to study the ill effects of the British rule in India.
 They explained the drain of resources of India into England through facts
and figures
 Dadabai Navoroji explained Drain Theory.
 Transfer of Indian wealth to England is called Drain Theory.
 Encouraging import and reducing export was the main reason
 India had to bear the burden of paying wages, pension and
administrative expenses of British officials.
 This period is called as the “Age of Generous Nationalism”
4) Name the revolutionaries in Freedom Movement.
 Revolutionaries had the dream of total independence

 They used violent methods
 The established secrete branches in India and abroad
 ‘Anusheelana Samiti and Abhinava Bharatha’ are the secrete branches
 They engaged in collection of money, arms and training of prople
 British suppress the revolutionaries
 They were arrested and hanged till death.
 Arabindo Gosh, V D Savarkar, Rajaguru, Bhagath Singh, Sukhdev, Ras
Bihari Bose, Kudiram Bose, Chandrashekhar Azad etc.
5) Explain the role of Bala Gangadhar Tilak in the Freedom Struggle.
 Tilak was a Extremist leader
 He declared that “Swaraj is my Birth Right, and I shall have it”
 Attaining complete freedom was their main aim
 He organized Ganesha, Shivaji and Durga festivals to organize people
against British.
 He published the newspapers ‘Kesari’ in Marati and ‘The Marata’ in
English language.
 He encouraged common people to protest against the British.
 He started Home Rule Movement
 He was arrested for revolutionary articles

 He wrote a book ‘Geetha Rahasya’ in the prison.
6) What were the reasons for the withdrawal of Bengal Division?
 Lord Curzon divided Bengal in 1905.
 Extremists opposed this divide and rule policy.
 They started Swadeshi Movement
 They called for boycotting of foreign goods.
 Indians were encouraged to use local goods.
 This resulted widespread protests across the country
 British Government withdrew the Bengal Division in 1911
7) Describe Chouri Chaura incident.
 In the year 1922, thousands of people jumped into the freedom struggle
at Chowri Chowra in Uttar Pradesh.
 The police used their force.
 The police started shooting from inside the station.
 Hence, people set the police station on fire.
 As a result, 22 police men burnt alive.
 This incident termed as Chowri-Chowra incident.
 This incident made Mahatma Gandhiji unhappy.
 Hence, he withdrew non-cooperation movement

8) Describe the Salt Sathyagraha.
 In 1930, Mahatma Gandhiji submitted 11 demands before Lord Irwin.
 But, the British did not accept the demands.
 Hence, Mahatma Gandhi started the salt satyagraha or Civil Dis
obedience movement.
 Urged people to broke the salt law and had not pay the taxes
 He marched from Sabaramathi ashrama to Dandi covered 375 kms on
foot.
 He broke the salt law.
 Charaka and Spinning wheel became more famous.
 Vijayalaxmi Pandit, Kamala Nehru, Vallabhabai Patel, Rajendra Prasad
were participated with Gandhi and were arrested.
9) What were reasons for failure of Quit India Movement in 1942?
 Stafford Cripps Commission came to India in 1942.
Proposals of Cripps: -
 Dominion status to India
 Draft new constitution
 All the states have the freedom to join either join Union or remain
independent.

 Congress Party opposed these proposals
 Gandhiji called for ‘Quit India Movement’.
 Gandhiji took the leadership
 Gandhiji gave the call ‘Do or Die’
 Nehru, Sardar Patel, Kripalani and others participated
 Many leaders were imprisoned
 Jayaprakash narayan became prominent continued this movement.
 He started ‘Freedom Struggle Front’
 He started many revolutionary activities
 British suppressed the movement
 Muslim League did not participate.
10) What was the result of Second Round Table Conference?
 British government announced to provide separate electoral
constituencies for the untouchables.
 It implemented ‘Communal Award’ in 1932.
 Mahatma Gandhiji opposed this and started ‘Fasting unto death’
 As a result, ‘Poona Pact’ was entered between Ambedkar and Gandhiji.
 According to this pact, few constituencies were reserved for
untouchables.

11) Explain the achievements of Subhash Chandra Bose in
Independence Movement.
 He was a revolutionary freedom fighter of India.
 People called him as ‘Netaji’.
 He secured 4th rank in ICS examination but rejected the prestigious post
 He took active part in Freedom struggle.
 He travelled to Rome, Berlin, Istanbul and other countries
 He became the president of Haripur Congress session.
 He became the president of Tripura Congress session.
 He left the Congress party.
 He established the ‘Forward Block party’.
 He gained the support of the German dictator Hitler to make India free.
 Through Azad Hind Radio, he broadcast his speeches to the Indians in
Germany.
 He joined the hands with Ras Bihari Bose in Japan.
 He took the leadership of INA.
 He gave the call ‘Delhi Chalo’.
 “Give me blood, I will give you freedom”.
 Women Wing of INA Jhansi regiment

 Captain Lakshmi Sehagal became the leader.
 INA soldiers captured Burma.
 He planned to occupy Delhi,
 He died in plane accident in 1945.
12) Explain the various tribal revolts in the history of Independence
struggle.
 The tax and forest policies are the main reasons for Tribal Revolts.
 Santala, Kola, Munda and Beda’s of Halagali are important revolts.
 Santala revolt is one of the important revolts in India.
 They lived in hilly areas of Bengal and Odisha.
 Due to zaminari system, they became landless.
 Zamindars, Money lenders and British government exploited the tribals.
 The revolt became severe in Bharathpur, Barahath and Rajmahal areas.
 They looted and killed the zamindars and money lenders,
 British suppressed this revolt.
13) Explain the major achievements of Nehru as the first Prime
Minister of India.
 Jawahar Lal Nehru became the first prime minister of India.
 He was an architect of industrialization and modern India.

 He integrated India with the help of Sardar Patel Iron man of India.
 He reorganized all states on the basis of language in 1956.
 He laid the foundation for Democracy.
 He implemented Mixed Economic system.
 Borrowed the Five-Year Plans from the model of Russia
 Nehru designed the Independent Foreign policy
 He advocated the non-Alignment policy.
 He signed the agreement of Panchasheela Principles with China
 He aimed to implement the formula of peace and harmony.
 He died in 1964.
Unit.8 India after Independence
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.
1) The last Governor General of British India was Lord Mountbatten
2) The first Home Minister of India was Sardar Vallabh bai Patel
3) The first President of India was Babu Rajendra Prasad
4) Pondicherry joined India as a union territory in the year 1963
5) The linguistic organization of India took place in 1953

II. Answer the following questions.
1. What were the problems faced by India after Independence?
 Refugees’ problem
 Communal riots
 Formation of New Government
 Integration of Princely states
 Formation of new constitution
 Production of food
 Development of agriculture
 Development of Industries etc.
2. How did the country deal with the problem of refugees?
 India Provided food, shelter, land, education, health facilities,
employment, social environment and other facilities.
3. Describe the manner in which Pondicherry was liberated from the
French.
 French continued their hold over Pondicherry, Mahe, Karaikal,
Chandranagar
 Congress and Communists started the movement
 Indian Government intervened

 Pondicherry was merged with India in 1954
4. How was Goa liberated from Portuguese?
 Portuguese continued their hold over Goa
 Endless struggle took place in Goa against Portuguese
 They brought more army from Africa and Europe to consolidate their
power
 Sathyagrahis from all over India started Liberation Movement in 1955
 The Indian army entered Goa
 Goa was merged with India in 1961
5. Describe the process of linguistic organization of states.
 The language-based formation of states was started.
 To provide good administration
 To mark boundaries based on language
 Administration was not effective
 Both the British and Regional Governments never ruled them using local
language.
 Potty Sri Ramulu demanded for creation Andhra
 He undertook 54 days of hunger strike and died.
 Andhra Pradesh was the first state formed on basis of Language in 1953.

 In 1953, Reorganization of State Commission was formed.
 Fazal Ali became the president, K M Panikkar and H N Kunjru became its
members.
 According to this act, 14 states and 6 Union Territories were formed.
~~~***~~~
Unit. 9 World Wars and India’s role
1. World War I ended in the year 1914 .
2. Versailles Pact was signed in the year 1919.
3. Fascist dictator was Benito Mussolini.
4. The leader of the Nazi Party in Germany was Hitler.
5. World War II started in the year 1935.
6. Japan attacked the American Naval Centre at Pearl Harbour.
7. As the head of Mysore Lancers Chamaraj Urs was sent to the war field.
II. Discuss the following in groups and answer them:
1. Explain the immediate cause for World War I.
 Assassination of Austrian Prince Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914
 This created hostility with Serbia and Austria.
2. ‘Nazi ideology destroyed Germany’. Justify this statement.

 Aryan race is the best race in the world
 They are eligible to rule the world
 Other communities are to be ruled
 Jews are responsible for the problems of Germany
 Catholics, Communists, Socialists are also responsible for the problems
of Germany
 Goebbels minister appointed to spread the racial hatred
 Brown shirts is a cruel army of Hitler to create fear and unrest in the
minds of people
 He responsible for deaths of 4 million Jews
 Holocaust is a mass killing of Hitler
 Nuremberg laws 1935
 He imprisoned the people in gas chamber
 He killed the people by using poisonous gas and guns
 He wanted to win the entire world
3. What were the causes for World War II?
 Great Economic Depression during 1930
 Extreme Nationalism
 Versailles treaty

 Competition in arms race
 Rise of Dictators like Hitler and Mussolini
 Military alliances
 Axis Powers – Germany, Italy and Japan
 Allies Powers – England, France, Russia other countries
4. Name the Commandants of Mysore Lancers.
 A.T. Tyagaraj,
 Lingaraja Urs,
 Subbaraja Urs,
 B.P. Krishne Urs,
 Chamaraja Urs
 Chamaraja Urs
 Col. J. Desiraja Urs
5. Where is ‘Tin Murti Chowk’?
Tin Murti Chowk is in New Delhi
6. How did Britain utilize the resources of India during the Second World
War?

 England utilized the agrarian products and industrial goods for the
war.
 The ordinance factories expanded the volume of output of products
 England utilized war -related industrial goods.
 It utilized the Quantitative and Qualitative development of weapons

Political Science
Unit 3.
World Challenges and India’s Role
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers:
1. Human Rights Day is celebrated on December 10th every year.
2. India is consistently championing Universal Human Rights.
3. Human Rights include Right to equality.
II. Discuss in group and answer the following questions.
1. What were the main problems faced after Second World War?
 Denial of Human Rights
 Arms race
 Economic inequality
 Terrorism
2. Explain Indian role in favour of Human Rights.
 India provided for fundamental rights in the Constitution
 It advocated basic rights for human beings in General Assembly
 India is against genocide, all sorts of exploitation and oppression
 India urges for protection of Human Rights through UNO

3. Arms race will lead to world destruction explain the effects of
arms competition in this background.
 It leads to Global level fear
 Insecurity,
 Tension
 War
 Economically wasteful
 Environmental pollution
4. What are the features of economic backwardness of nations?
What are the reasons for this?
Features
 Shortage of food
 Lack of capital
 Lack of technology
 Lack of medical facilities
 lack of higher educational amenities
 Poverty
 Unemployment

 Low National income, per capita income
 Backwardness in agriculture, industries etc.
Reasons
 International trade policies like dumping
 Free trade
 Unhealthy competitions
 Globalization
5. What are the reforms to have economic equality in India?
 Creation of employment
 Expansion of industries
 Expansion of service sector
 Equal distribution of income and wealth
 Population control
 Proper utilization of human resources and natural resource
6. What are the effects of terrorism?
 It is based on religious, political or ideological goal
 It causes heavy damage to men and materials.
 It creates heavy psychological impact.
 It causes negative impact on civilized society and governments.

 It creates fear complexities
 It is unlawful
 It is anti-social in nature
 It disturbs the peace
 It is violent in nature
7. What are the measures taken to curb terrorism in India?
 Indian policy is against terrorism
 Our Defence forces
 Anti-Terrorist Forces
 Both State and Central Governments took strict measures
 National Security Guards (NSG)
 India is a peace-loving nation
 Against terrorism in world level

Unit 4.
World Organizations
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:
1. The UNO has been established in 1945 October 24th
2. The head quarter of UNO is situated in the city of New York
3. The organ of Uno resembling the cabinet is Security Council
4. The tenure of judges of international court of justice is 9 years
5. The International Court of Justice is at Hague in Netherland
6. The present Secretary General of UNO is Antonio Guterres
7. The World Health organization has been started in the year 1948
8. The SAARC has been established in the year 1985
1. Who were responsible for the formation of UNO?
 Winston Churchill of England
 Joseph Stalin of USSR
 F.D Roosevelt of USA
2. Which are the main organs of UNO?
 General Assembly
 Security Council

 Economic and Social Committee
 Trusteeship Council
 International Court of Justice
 Secretariat
3. Who are the permanent members of the Security Council?
 Russia
 China
 Britain
 France
 USA
4. What are the objectives of World Health Organization (WHO)?
 To protect and improve the health of mankind
 To eradicate the disease like plague, cholera, small pox
 It fights against AIDS and Cancer
 It addresses the issues like population growth, hunger and
malnutrition
5. Prepare the list of activities of the International Labour
Organization.
 Welfare of the workers

 Social Security
 Provide Health Facilities
 Improve the standard of life
 Maternity benefits for women workers
 Minimum wages
 Housing schemes
6. Expand the word SAARC.
SAARC – SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL CO OPERATION
III. Answer the following questions:
1. List out the objectives of UNO.
 To maintain international peace and security
 To develop friendly relations among nations
 To establish faith in fundamental human rights
 To achieve international cooperation
 Solving international problems of economic, social, cultural or
humanitarian character
 To establish justice
 Harmonizing the actions of all the nations.
2. Explain the formation of the General Assembly of UNO.

 General assembly is the main organ of UNO.
 It is known as World Parliament
 It discusses the global problems
 It consists all the member states
 Each member country can send 5 representatives
 Every country has only one vote.
 It has one president and 17 vice presidents
 It prepares annual budget
 It appoints Secretary General
 It is called World Parliament
3. What are the activities of the Economic and Social Council of the
UNO?
 Conducting studies on economic, social, cultural and other
international issues
 It dealing the problems like refugees, women status etc
 Observance of human rights
 Organizing conferences on human resources, culture, education
 Coordinating the functions of specialized bodies like ILO, FAO, WHO

4. Explain the role of UNO in maintaining world peace.
 It deals the large number of political disputes
 The UNO has worked towards resolving the crisis of Suez Canal, Iran,
Indonesia, Kashmir, Korea, Afghanistan and
 It works on Disarmament
 It manages post-cold war situations
 It maintains world peace
5. What are the functions of the UNESCO?
 Promote science, education and culture of the world
 Development of technical education, Information technology
 Creative mental, cultural and environmental studies
 Preservation of world heritage
 Development of knowledge and its dissemination
6. Explain the role of the IMF in solving the economic problems of
the world.
 IMF solve international economic problems
 It promotes world trade
 Economic stability
 Balance of payment

 It brings efficiency and transparency in administration
7. List out the objectives of the Common Wealth of Nations
 Upholding the democracy
 Liberties
 Eradication of poverty
 Promotion of world peace, science, sports and cultural ties.
8. Explain the European Union.
 European Union was founded in 1992.
 It consists 27 European countries
 It provides common market, common currency, common agriculture
and trade policy.
 It is a successor of European Economic Community (EEC)
~~~***~~~

Sociology
Unit 3. Collective Behaviors and Protests
1. Chipko movement took place in Uttara Pradesh State.
2. The leader of the Narmada agitation is Medha Patkar and Baba
Amte.
3. Dr. Shivaram Karanth was agitate the Kaiga Nuclear Power Station.
II Answer the following in one sentence each
1. What is ‘Collective 31ehavior’?
When he is a member of a group, he behaves in a manner totally
different from the way he behaves when he is alone. This kind of
behavior is called ‘collective 31ehavior’
2. Who is the leader of ‘Chipko’ movement’?
Sunder Lal Bahuguna and Chandi Prasad Bhat
3. What is self-help group?
The concept of women’s self-help group is derived from self-awareness,
self-motivation and mutual trust to fulfill the economic and social
necessities by their own efforts and co-operation.

III. Answer the following in two or three sentences after discussing
them in groups:
1. What does collective behavior include?
Collective behavior includes mobs, rumours, propaganda, public
opinion, revolution, social movements etc.
2. What is a ‘mob’? Give examples.
‘Assembly of people around a common interest without any expectation
or planning is called a mob”.
Ex: A group of people assembled near a theatre to buy tickets.
An assembly of people around an accident scene etc.
3. Describe the nature of a mob.
 Mob is a temporary assembly of people.
 People assemble at a specific place.
 They are influenced very easily by mutual feelings, opinions
 Display of suppressed feelings.
 Sometimes such displays assume violent form
4. Describe the meaning and nature of environmental pollution.
The soil, air, water and biosphere around us getting polluted with
toxins and chemicals is called environmental pollution.

 Increase of population, change the lifestyles of human beings
 Increase the pressure on environment
 Developed and developing nations exploit the natural resources
 Developed nations are destroying the environment for their luxurious
life.
 Growth of cities
 Growth of industries
 Technological progress,
 Expansion of transport system
 Destroying the forests
 Pollution is posing a serious problem.
2. Explain the importance of women’s self-help groups.
 They are very important in empowering the women socially.
 They empower the women financially.
 They empower the women economically.
 Organizing poor rural women
 Make them financially independent
 They are government’s commercial organization.
 Women micro finance

 Increasing educational awareness
 They help women to lead an independent life.
 They help the women to face the atrocities
 They help to get fundamental human rights
Unit 4. Social Challenges
1. Article 24 of the Constitution prohibits employing children for work.
2. The ‘Prohibition of Child Labour Act’ came into practice is in the year
1986
3. The National Policy was framed in1987.
4. The Prohibition of Dowry Act first came into effect in 1961.
5. The Child Marriage Prohibition Act came into force in 2006.
II. Answer the following in one sentence each:
1. Mention any two social challenges plaguing India.
 Child labour
 Child marriage
 Dowry harassment
 Beggary
 Over population

 Poverty etc.
2. What is child labourer?
Child labourers are those who are aged below 14 years and work in
order to earn money.
3. What is the meaning of female foeticide?
The process of killing female foetus in the womb of the mother itself is
called female foeticide.
4. What is female infanticide?
The inhuman practice of killing the female baby after it is born is
female infanticide.
5. What is Child Marriage?
The marriage takes place between a boy of below 21 years and a girl of
below 18 years is called Child Marriage.
III. Discuss the following in groups and answer the following:
1. Mention the causes for the problem of child labour.
 Poverty
 Domestic conflicts,
 Domestic violence
 Divorce

 Greed of Industrialist
 Illiteracy
 Excessive control
 Kidnapping of children and pledging them
2. What are the consequences of child labour?
 People extract more work from the children
 Harass physically and mentally
 Forced employment
 Ill health
 Lack of nutritious food
 Lack of medical facilities
 Social and Economic exploitation
 Child rights are violated
3. Explain the measures for eradicating the problem of child labour.
 Rehabilitation Welfare Fund of Child Labourers provide educational
and medical needs
 Child Labour Act 1986
 Article 24 of our constitution prohibits practice of Child labour
 National Child Labour Project (NCLP) 1988

 Bala Mandir are set up to provide shelter, education etc.
 Sarva Shilshana Abhiyana
 ‘From Drudgery to School’ bring the child labourers to school
 Right to Education 2009- Free and compulsory education of 6to 14 age
children
 25% seats reserved in private school for child labourers
 National Policy 1987
4. What are the evil effects of dowry system?
 Dowry diminishes women’s self-respect, dignity and stature.
 It leads to domestic conflicts.
 It creates animosity between men and women.
 Immorality and violence increase.
 Family relationships suffer.
 Families of brides faced financial problems.
 Child marriage.
 Female foeticide
 Female infanticide
 Divorces

5. What are the solutions for the problem of dowry?
 Dowry Act 1961
 It was amended in 1986
 Indian Penal Code and Karnataka Criminal Procedure Code
 Creating awareness
 inter-caste marriages,
 Modern mass media,
 Voluntary organizations
 Women associations
6. What are the effects of Child Marriage?
 The holistic development of children is stunted
 Increases sexual assaults on children
 Violation of Children Rights like Right to Education, Childhood,
Entertainment.
 Malnutrition,
 Anemia
 Abortions
 Infanticide
 Girl will become a widow at a young age

Geography
Unit 6
India - Land Resource
1. Utilizing the land for a variety of purposes is known as Land use.
2. Two-three crops growing in one agricultural at the same time on land is
called Intensive Farming.
3. Farmers growing crops only to sustain themselves is called Subsistence
Farming
4. The commercial crop is Sugarcane.
5. The state is the largest producer of paddy in India is West Bengal
II. Answer the following after discussing them in groups:
1. What is meant by ‘Land-use’?
Making use of land for various purposes like cultivation, forestry, grassland,
fallow land, purposes other than agriculture etc., is called ‘Land use’.
2. What are the factors that influence land use?
 Land forms
 Climate
 Land holdings

 Population
 Demand for agricultural products
 Profession
 Attitude of people
 Social condition
 Marketing facilities
 Technology
 Irrigation facility
 Human capability
 Land ownership
3. What is ‘Agriculture’?
‘The art of cultivating the land’ is called Agriculture
4. What are the types of Agriculture?
 Intensive Farming
 Subsistence Farming
i. Sedentary Farming
ii. Shifting Farming
 Mixed Farming
 Commercial Farming

 Plantation Farming
5. What is ‘Kharif crop’?
*The crops grown during the rainy season are called Kharif crops.
*The crops are grown in June-July (South – West Monsoon) and the crops
are harvested in September and October.
*Eg: Rice, Ragi, Jowar, groundnut etc.
6. What is meant by ‘rabi crop’?
*The crops are grown during North-East Monsoon are called Rabi crops
* Crops sown in October – November and harvested in February and
March.
*Eg: Wheat, Barley etc.
7. What are the factors essential for growing cotton?
 Cotton is an important fibre crop
 Cotton is the tropical and sub-tropical crops
 It grows well in areas where temperature is 20° to 25° C
 It requires rainfall of 75 to 150 cms.
 Black soil and loamy soil
 Black cotton soil is most suitable because it can hold moisture.
 This is grown as a kharif crop

8. Prepare a list of the flowers grown around you.
Jasmine, Champa, Marigold, Chrysanthemum, Kanakambara, Rose and Lily
9. Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy. Why? Or
Explain the importance of Agriculture.
1. Agriculture is one of the most important and ancient occupation
2. Nearly 65% of people depend on agriculture
3. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood.
4. It is the main source of food for people
5. Fodder for domestic animals
6. It nurtures tertiary sector like trade, transport, Bank etc
7. It nurtures secondary sector like Cotton and Jute industries
8. It provides employment opportunities
9. It has influence on political and social situation
10. Increase national income and percapita income
10. What are the types of land use?
 Net sown area
 Forest land
 Land use for non-cultivation
 Fallow land

 Grassland
 Other uncultivated land
11. What are the factors influencing the cropping pattern?
 Natural factors-land forms climate and rainfall
 Economic factors- Earning a huge profit is the main purpose
 Social factors- Traditions, superstitions, illiteracy etc.
 Farmers’ attitude
 Water availability,
 Transport facilities,
 Market
 Hybrid seeds,
 Chemical fertilizers,
 Land development
12. The Government is giving more importance to Horticulture. Why?
 Horticulture involves cultivation of fruits, vegetables and flowers.
 It yields harvest in a very short period.
 It is more intensive.
 India ranks first in the world in the production of mango, banana,
chikoo and citric fruits

 India has favorable conditions like diverse conditions, land forms
climate, soil, irrigation facility, labour, market
~~~***~~~
Unit 7.
India - Mineral and Power Resources
1. In India, Jharkhand and Orissa states having highest iron ore deposit.
2. Bauxite is produced from Aluminium metal.
3. Mica is also called ‘Kage Bangara’ in Kannada.
II Answer the following after discussing them in groups:
1. What are the important mineral resources available in India?
 Iron ore
 Manganese ore
 Bauxite ore
 Mica
 Gold
2. Which are the major states producing manganese in India?
 Orissa,
 Karnataka,

 Madhya Pradesh
 Maharashtra etc.
3. Mention the types of iron ore produced in India.
1. Magnetite
2. Hematite
3. Limonite
4. Siderite
4. Which are the important energy resources of India? Describe them.
1. Coal
 The most important power resource is coal.
 The earth was covered with thick dense forests, and these forests
gradually buried in the layers of the earth and converted into coal due to
heat and pressure.
Uses
 Coal is an important energy source
 It is also used in the manufacture of insect repellants, explosives,
artificial fibre, artificial rubber, plastic, chemical fertilizer etc.
 It is called “Black Diamond” because of its multiple uses.
Distribution

 In India, coal deposits are wide distributed in Damodar river valley,
Jharkhand and Chattisgarh
2. Petroleum
 Petroleum is the product of fossils of ancient living beings
 Petroleum pumped out of the earth is a mixture of various materials and
is called Crude Oil.
 This is purified in refineries to produce gasoline, petrol, diesel, kerosene
Uses
 Petrol is an energy source
 It is an important raw material.
 A number of industries have flourished
 It is used in agriculture, industry and transportation.
 This is a very precious in both during peace and war. Hence it is called
‘Liquid Gold’.
Distribution
 Petroleum was first discovered at Digboi of Assam
 Lakhimpur, Hugrijin, Moran, Naharakathia oil wells of Assam
 First oil well drilled at Ankaleshwara (Gujarat)
 Bombay High – largest oil deposit in India.

 Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri, Mahanadi River basins.
3. Atomic Power
 Atomic power is generated using the atomic minerals.
 It decides the status and might of a nation.
 It is used for a country’s defence.
 It is being widely used for power generation.
 The important atomic minerals are Uranium, Thorium, Beryllium,
Lithium etc.
5. What are non-conventional energy resources? Explain their
importance.
Renewable energy sources are solar energy, wind energy; tidal energy, Geo
thermal energy, bio-gas etc. are called non-conventional energy sources.
Importance
 The use of conventional energy sources like coal, petroleum, natural gas
causes the green-house effect
 Increase in temperature of the earth’s atmosphere is called ‘Global
Warming’.
 Population increase, urbanization, industrialization etc.
 Environmental pollution is also increasing.

 Today, it is essential to reduce the use of fuels
 Preserve environmental stability
6. Give suggestions of your own to eradicate the power scarcity.
1. Use of non-conventional resources
2. Giving importance to hydro-electric power generation
3. Use of alternate local energy resources
4. Encouraging the use of non-conventional energy resources
5. Educating the people regarding the reduced use of energy resources
6. Producing energy from solid waste.
Unit. 8.
India - Transport and Communication
1. The name of the international airport of Bangalore is Kempegowda.
2. Roadways is necessary for the development of villages and agriculture.
3. Mumbai port is called Gateway of India.
4. The National Highway between Mumbai and Bangalore is NH-48
1. What are the advantages of Transport?
 It helps to develop resources.

 It helps in widen the market,
 It helps to increase internal and external trade
 They help in development of agriculture, industries.
 Provides employment opportunities
 Raises income
 Improve the standard of living of people
 Encourage tourism
 Helps defence of the nation
2. What are the four types of major Roads?
 National Highways
 State Highways
 District Roads
 Village Roads
3. What do you mean by ‘Transport’?
Movement of goods, services, information and materials from one
place to another is called ‘Transport’.
4. Which is the longest national highway?
NH-7 which links Varanasi and Kanyakumari
5. Make a list of major ports in India.

Ports on West coast
 Kandla - is in Gujarat
 Mumbai- is the biggest port of India. Gateway of India
 Navasheva - in Maharashtra
 Mormugoa- is in Goa
 New Mangaluru- is the gate way of Karnataka
 Kochi- is in Kerala. (Queen of Arabian sea)
Ports on the East coast
 Tuticorin- is in Tamilnadu
 Chennai - port is the oldest and artificial port
 Visakhapatnam port -is the deepest natural port in Andhra Pradesh
 Paradeep - is in Odisha
 Haldia port - is in West Bengal to overcome congestion problems of
Kolkata
 Kolkata port –is Tea Port of India
6. Which of the ports have links with national highways?
Golden Quadrilateral and Corridor highways link all the ports like
Mumbai, Kochi, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Kolkata.
7. What do you mean by Communication Media?

The method of reaching a large number of people at the same time
is called Mass Communication
8. What are the types of communication?
Posts, newspaper, radio, television, satellites, computer network,
internet, e-mail, mobile telephones etc.
9. Mention the importance of Communication.
 It helps in quick transmission of information and messages from
person to person and place to place
 Helps to know about government policies
 Helps us to know about the Natural disasters, weather forecasting etc
 Helps in progress of industry, agriculture etc.
 Fundamental requirement of trade and commerce.
 It provides entertainment
 It provides employment opportunities
 It Provides day to day information of the world
 It helps to maintain unity and integrity of the country.

10. What is GPS? Mention its uses.
GPS is used to indicate the location of a stationary or moving object
or person through pointing out the latitude, longitude and height above
the sea level.
Uses
 They are useful in assessing the geographical position of natural
calamities.
 It is helpful for trekkers to know the exact location and routes.
 Soldiers, pilots, fishermen and sailors use GPS to follow correct path
and direction.
 Today transport authorities also use this to manage the movement.
 GPS is the lifeline for many services at their door in the cities.
 GPS shows path to google maps.
11. Write about Remote Sensing Technology.
Remote Sensing Technology gathers information about distance
without physically touching the objects.
Uses
 Remote sensing Technology pictures are true, accurate and gives
reliable information

 This is a fast, low-cost information collection system
 The information can be easily analyzed using computers.
 It helps to know about extremes of climate
 It helps to Study the natural calamities like typhoons, cyclonic storms,
floods etc.
 It helps in analyzing the natural resources like land use, forest area,
water bodies, residential areas, coast etc.
12. Explain about the Golden Quadrilateral and Super Highways.
The golden quadrilateral is a project with 4 to 6 lane roads.
It was started in 1999.
It is the largest project
It links Delhi--Mumbai-Bengaluru-Chennai-Kolkata-Delhi
Super highways
The North-South Corridor
The East-West Corridor
Importance
 Cover the distant places in a short time
 Gift to industries
 Helps in economic development of the nation

13. Major Airports of India.
 Indira Gandhi International Air Port - New Delhi
 Sahara and Santa Cruze - Mumbai
 Subhash Chandra Bose - Kolkata
 Anna – Chennai
 Kempe Gowda – Bengaluru
14. What are the problems of Roadways?
 Many village roads become unfit during the rainy season.
 It is also the cause of environmental pollution
 It causes accidents.
 It is damaged due to rain, floods and cyclones
 National and state highways are in adequate.
 Scarcity of the basic needs along the roadside
15. Draw an outline map of India and mark major ports of India.

Unit 9.
India - Industries
1. Bengal iron company of west Bengal was located is Kulti
2. Manufacturing of cloth from various kinds of fibres is called Textile
Industry.
3. The important raw material for the sugar industry is Sugarcane.
4. The first paper industry of India was located on bank of Hooghly
River.
II Answer the following after discussing them in groups:
1. Make a list of industrial zones.
1. Hoogly Region
2. Mumbai-Pune Region
3. Ahmedabad-Vadodar Region
4. Damodar valley Industrial Region
5. Southern Industrial Region
6. National Capital Region
7. Vishakapatnam – Guntur Region
8. Kollam – Thiruvananthapuram Region.

2.Which are the places of Iron and steel industry?
1. Tata Iron and Steel Plant- TISCO – at Jamshedpur of Jharkhand.
2. Indian Iron and Steel Company – IISCO – Berhampur, West Bengal
3. Vishweswarayya Iron and Steel Company – VISCO – at Bhadravathi
4. Iron and Steel Company at Bhilai, Chhattisgarh
5. Iron and Steel Company at Rourkela, Orissa
6. Iron and Steel Company at Durgapur, West Bengal
7. Iron and Steel Company at Bokaro, Jharkhand
8. Iron and Steel Company at Salem, Tamil Nadu
9. Iron and Steel Company at Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
3. Sugar industries are concentrated on the Ganga River plain.
Why?
 Availability of raw materials Sugarcane
 Energy resources,
 Market,
 Transport facility,
 Availability of labour,
 Port facility
 Land availability at low cost,

 Technology
 Government policies.
4. What are the factors influencing the location of an industry?
 Availability of raw materials Sugarcane
 Energy resources,
 Market,
 Transport facility,
 Availability of labour,
 Port facility
 Land availability at low cost,
 Technology
 Government policies.
5. What are the raw materials used in paper industry?
 Bamboo
 Wood pulp
 Grass
6. Explain the distribution of cotton textile industries in India.
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and
Madhya Pradesh have maximum number of cotton textiles industries.

Mumbai of Maharashtra has highest cotton mills and hence, it is called
the ‘Manchester of India’ (Manchester is Britain’s main textile industry
centre) ‘Cotton polis’ of India
7. What are the effects of biotechnology on agriculture?
 Indian Government established Separate Corporation for
Biotechnology in 1980 due to the great revolution in Agriculture.
 Grafting technology used in plants and animals
 Use of new seeds, medicines, fertilizers, organic fertilizers, developed
 Hybrid seeds like soya beans, maize, cotton etc. are being used.
 Plant biotechnology, environment, bio- diversity and medical
biotechnology are using
8. What are the changes resulting from the use of advanced
technology?
Advanced technology is used in
 Telephone
 Internet communication
 Defence department
 Weapons and nuclear bombs
 Satellite launching

 Lunar projects like chandrayana
 City administration in government offices
 Global economic system
 Educational
 Social and economic affairs
 Elections.
III Match the following:
A B C
1. Mumbai a. Silicon city Manchester of India
2. Bengaluru b. Sugar industries Silicon city
3. Bhadravathi c. Manchester of India Vishveshwarayya
Iron & Steel
4. Belgaum district d. Vishveshwarayya Iron Sugar industries
e. Bio-technology

Unit 10.
India - Natural Disasters
I. Answer the following.
1. What are natural disasters?
Naturally-occurring destructive incidents resulting in loss of human life
and property are called natural disasters.
Eg:- Cyclones, Earthquakes, Floods, Landslides, Coastal Erosion etc.
2. What are the effects of cyclones?
 Causes loss of life and property
 Damage to building
 Damage to Transport and communication system
 Disrupt power supply
 Destroys crops
 Destroys vegetation
 Destroys animals
3. What are floods?
When there is heavy rainfall and excessive melting of ice, the volume of
water increases in the river leading to it over flow. This is called
“floods”.

4. What is Landslide?
Land mass sliding down the slopes from mountains or hills are called
land slide.
5. What is Earthquakes?
Vibration or movement of the upper layers of the earth due to the
pressure created inside is called Earthquake
6. What are the causes of floods? Describe flood-prone areas.
Natural Causes
 Heavy rainfall
 Accumulation of silt in the rivers
 Breach of dams or retention walls.
 Rivers changing their course
 Heavy rainfall during cyclones
 Earthquakes in the sea
Man-made causes
 Deforestation,
 Improperly built dams,
 Weak retention walls,
 Illegal encroachment of land

Flood-prone areas
• The Ganges and its tributaries Yamuna, Gandak, Kosi and Ghagra
rivers cause floods in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• Damodar and Suvarnarekha rivers cause floods in Chattisgarh and
West Bengal states.
• Brahmaputra and its tributaries Dibang, Dihang, Subansiri and Luhit
rivers cause floods in Assam.
• Cloudburst often causes abrupt floods in the Himalayas.
• Narmada, Tapti, Sabaramathi and Mahi rivers cause floods in the
state of Gujarat.
• Krishna, Tungabhadra, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Dhoni, Bennehalla
etc. cause floods during rainy season in Karnataka.
7. What is Coastal Erosion? Mention its management.
The erosion of land by the waves in the coastal areas is called coastal
erosion
• Prohibiting sand mining
• Constructing retention walls
• Stocking of large rocky boulders
• Growing mangrove forests along the coast.

8. Write about the effects of earthquake and precautions to be
taken.
Effects
 Causes loss of life and property
 Damage to building
 Damage to Transport and communication system
 Disrupt power supply
 Destroys crops
 Destroys vegetation
 Spread of infectious diseases
 Increased tidal activity,
 Tsunamis,
 Change in river’s direction.
Precautionary Methods
 Restricting construction of multi-storied building
 Using very light material for construction of houses
 Constructing houses to ensure stability.
 Providing basic amenities to the quake-affected areas.
 Disconnecting power supply

Economics
Unit-2 Rural Development
1. The true development of India is the development of its villages’. This
was told by Mahatama Gandhiji.
2. After the 73rd Amendment to the Constitution, three levels of
panchayat institutions have came into existence.
3.Panchayat institutions operate under Democratic principles.
4. Women Self Groups have been brought into existence in order to
bring together poor rural women and make them financially
independent
II. Answer in one sentence each :
1. Explain the meaning of ‘Rural Development’.
‘Rural Development is improvement of the social and economic status of
the rural people by proper utilization of the locally available natural and
human resources.

2. What is meant by ‘Decentralization of Power’?
Providing administrative power and the responsibility of developing the
village to the people themselves is called Decentralization.
3. Name the three levels of panchayat raj institutions.
District, Taluk and Village panchayats are three levels of Panchayat Raj
Institutions.
4. Mention any two housing programmes.
 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana,
 Ambedkar-Valmeeki Yojana,
 Ashraya Yojana etc.
5. Which work of women is not considered labour?
Women work at home is not considered labour
III. Answer the following questions in five to six sentences each:
1. How is the economic situation in the rural areas of India?
 India is a land of villages.
 Rural areas are the scenes of backwardness
 One-third of rural population lives in abject poverty
 Rural industries are declining
 Cottage industries are vanishing

 Agriculture being non-remunerative
 Unemployment and illiteracy
 Rural people migrated to cities in search of jobs
 Poverty has increased among the rural people
 Dependency on agriculture
 Contribution from this sector to national income is very less.
 There is a gap between rural areas and urban areas
2. Explain briefly the significance of rural development.
 Rural development includes agricultural and non-agricultural
development.
 Overall development of the country
 It increased farm income
 It will create greater demand for industrial products and services
 Generating employment opportunities
 Agro processing, small scale and industries will develop
 Migration to cities will be reduced
 Reduction of poverty
3. Explain Gandhiji’s concept of ‘Grama swarajya’ in the light of
decentralization.

 Providing the administrative power and responsibility of developing
the village to its own people is called ‘Decentralization’
 It can achieve self-reliant, self-sufficient and prosperous of villages
 This process is called ‘Grama Swarajya’
 This concept was coined by Mahatma Gandhiji
 Decentralization reduces all kinds of exploitation
 It upholds human independence and dignity
 It nurtures the human values like compassion and cooperation
4. What is the role of panchayat raj institutions in rural
development?
 They can help to provide basic facilities of roads, drinking water,
street lights, schools, drains, electricity, market yards, health, hygiene
etc.
 They encourage primary education, secondary education, adult
education etc.
 Encourage cottage industries
 Agriculture and agricultural related activities like cattle rearing, sheep
rearing, fishery, poultry, silk industry should be promoted
 Establishment of Food processing units in rural areas


 MGNREGP and SGSY have implemented for generation of
employment opportunities
 Housing programs like Indira Awas Yojana, Ambedkar-Valmeeki Awas
Yojana, Ashraya Yojana etc
 Suvarna Gramodaya Yojana
 Public Distribution system
 Women Self Help groups can be encouraged

Unit 3. Public Finance and Budget
I. Fill in the blanks
1. The government manages the public finance through Fiscal Policy.
2. In the budget, when the government’s revenue is more than its
expenditure, it is called Surplus Budget
3. The person who presents the Central Government Budget in the Lok
Sabha is Finance Minister
4. The revenue generated by the government through internal and
external loans is Non-Debt Capital Receipt
II. Answer the following in one sentence each:
1. What is meant by Public Finance?
The Government manages its income, expenditure and debt is called
Public Finance
2. What do you mean by Budget?
The statement of estimated income and expenditure of a year prepared
by the government is called Budget.
3. Give the meaning of Deficit Budget.
If the expenditure is more than the income, it is called deficit budget.

4. What are Direct Taxes?
When tax is paid by an individual on whom it is imposed, it is called
Direct Tax.
Eg:- Personal Income Tax, Corporate Tax, Wealth Tax, Stamp Duty etc.
5. Express fiscal deficit in the form of a formula
Fiscal Deficit = (Revenue Receipts + Non-debt Capital Receipts) – Total
Expenditure

1. Explain the differences between Personal Finance and Public
Finance.
Personal Finance Public Finance
 Personal finance refers to  Public finance refers to the
income and expenditure of income and expenditure of the
one person or one family. government.
 Individuals calculate their  The Government calculates its
income first and then spend it expenditure first and then
accordingly. adjusts its income accordingly.
 Personal financial transactions  Public financial matters are
are kept confidential. discussed in the legislative
 When an individual or a family houses.
saves money, it will  When the government saves
supplement their prosperity. money, growth is stunted.
2. Explain briefly the significance of Public Finance
 To establish economic progress and financial stability
 It announces the fiscal policy related to income, expenditure and debt.


 To encourage progress of the nation
 To equal distribution of country’s natural wealth, labour, capital and
investment
 To equal distribution of income of all people
 To enhances the public expenditure in agriculture, small scale
industries and basic infrastructure
 To eradicate poverty, unemployment
 To regulate financial upheavals and commodity prices
3. List the Plan Expenditure of the Central Government
 Financial services – Agriculture and agriculture related activities,
industry, communication, fuel, Science and Technology Rural
development
 Social Services – Education, Health, Family Welfare, Drinking water
supply, Housing, Social Welfare etc.
 General Services- Maintenance of peace, law and order
1. Explain the aspects of Non-Tax Revenue sources of Central
Government
 The net profit earned by RBI
 The net revenue generated by Indian Railways


 The net revenue generated by Postal Department and Tele
Communication
 The net revenue generated by Public Sector Industries
 The net revenue generated by Coins and Mints
 Various types Fees and Penalties
2. What is fiscal deficit? Mention the four kinds.
When the government expenditure is more than its revenue is known
as Deficit Financing.
Four kinds of Deficit
 Budget Deficit
 Revenue Deficit
 Primary Deficit
 Fiscal Deficit
3. Differentiate between Tax revenue and non-tax revenue.
 Direct Tax – If tax is paid by an individual on whom it is imposed, it is
called Direct Tax.
 The burden of tax is not transferable to others.
Eg:- Personal Income Tax, Stamp Duty, Wealth Tax, Corporate Tax

 Indirect Tax – The burden of tax imposed by the Government is
transferable to others is called Indirect Tax.
Eg:- Central Excise Duty, VAT, GST, Service Tax, Import and Export Duty

Business Studies
Unit 2 Entrepreneurship
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. The word entrepreneur has come from the French word
Entreprende
2. The process of action an entrepreneur undertakes to
establish an enterprise is called Entrepreneurship
3. District Industrial Centres were started in the year 1978
I. Answer the following questions.
1s. Who is an entrepreneur?
Entrepreneur is an innovator of new ideas and business
process.
2. “Entrepreneurship is a creative activity”. How?
Entrepreneur is a creative activity.
It is the ability to create and build something.
It is a knack of sensing the opportunity.
3. What are the characteristics of Entrepreneurship?

 Creativity
 Dynamism
 Team building
 Problem solving
 Risk taking
 Commitment
 Innovation
 Leadership
 Goal orientation
 Decision making
 Self confidence
4. Explain the importance of an entrepreneur.
 Entrepreneurs occupy a central position in a market
economy.
 They serve as the “Spark plug” in the economy’s engine.
 They activating and stimulating all dynamic activities for
the economic progress of a nation.

 Spread its activities worldwide.
 They are critical determinants for success and growth in the
economy.
 They promote capital formation.
 Value addition- creation of wealth
 They help in production and sale of new products and
services.
5. What is the part played by the District Centers in the
development of Enterprises?
 Technical support for preparation of project report
 Information on machinery and equipment
 Approval of project reports
 Training
 Allotment of raw materials
 Financial assistance
 Marketing assistance
 Export assistance

 Assistance in standardization
 Assistance in design and product development
6. What are the functions of Entrepreneur?
 Entrepreneur starts business
 He organizes factors of production
 He takes decisions about product, technology etc
 He coordinates things effectively
 He introduces new methods into practice
 He handles the budget
 He bears the risk
 He gives directions to the business firm.
7. What is the role of entrepreneur in the process of
business?
 Entrepreneurs promote capital formation.
 They provide large scale employment to many people.
 They help in increase of GDP and Per capita income.
 They encourage effective mobilization of skill.

 They enable the people to avail better quality goods at
lower prices.
 Improvement of standard of living of people.
 They promote development of industries.
 They promote development society.
 They promote country’s export trade.
Unit 3.
Consumer Education and Protection
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:
1. The other name of the Consumer is User
2. Person giving goods or services for money is called Provider
3. The Consumer Day is observed on 15th March every year.
4. In the case of compensation exceeding 5.00 lakhs, the
complaint has to be submitted to the District Forum

II. Answer the following questions in one word or
sentence each:
1. Who is called a consumer?
The person one who use goods and service is called consumer.
2. What is the main aim of Consumer Movement?
To stop exploitation on consumer and ensure quality goods at
reasonable prices.
3. What is the Right of every Consumer?
The right of every consumer is to get quality goods at
reasonable prices
4. When did Consumer Protection Act come into force in
India?
Consumer Protection Act came into force in 1986.
5. Who appoints the President of the District Consumer
Forum?
State Government appoints the president of District Forum

1. What are the problems faced by consumer?
 Middle man fixing the prices of commodities
 Incorrect weights and measures
 Adulteration
 Low quality
 Excess price
2. What are the causes for consumer Exploitation?
 During the past the producers were supplying goods directly
to the consumers. Eg :- Fruits, milks vegetables etc.
 When agricultural occupations developed, it changed the
market methods.
 The direct transaction between the producer and consumer
has stopped.
 The price fixation of the goods and services done mainly by
the middleman.
 It led many hindrances.

3. Mention the four important aims of Consumer Protection
Council
 Accords importance of safety and quality
 Avoiding production and sale of dangerous goods
 Prevention of trade malpractices
 Supervision on quality, weights, measures and price.
 Compensating the consumer
 Consumer education.
4. What are the major functions of Consumer Protection
council?
 The Right to protect against the marketing of goods which
are hazardous to life and property of the consumers.
 Right to information
 Right to Choose
 Right to be Heard
 Right to seek redressal
 Right to Consumer Education

 Right to stop exploitation
 Right to healthy environment.
5. Mention the stages of Consumer courts.
a) District Forum
b) The State Commission
c) The National Commission
6. What are the methods to be follow to file a complaint in
consumer court?
 There is no prescribed proforma to file a case
 The complaint may be typed one or hand written
 The complaint should include the name of the complaint, full
address and telephone number.
 The complaint should have the name and address of the
person or organization who cheated.
 Compensation amount and the bill should be enclosed.
 There is no stamp duty or fee for the complaint.
 No advocate or lawyer is required


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Social Science Notes ABVRS, Bhuvanahalli, Sira 10th Standard

Unit. 6 The First War of Indian Independence

I Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. British historians refer to the 1857 revolt as Sepoy Mutiny.

2. The policy brought into force by Dalhousie was Doctrine of Lapse.

II. Discuss the following in groups and answer them:

1. What were the effects of the Doctrine of Lapse? Analyse.

 Lord Dalhousie implemented Doctrine of Lapse.

 Due to this many kingdoms lost their rights.

 He cancelled the princely titles of the Tanjore and Carnatic kingdoms.

 Mughals and Nawab of Oudh were lost their kingly status.

 Soldiers became unemployed

 Industrial revolution began in England

Ravikumara B R Social Science Teacher

 Indian handicrafts and cottage industries suffered heavily.

 The Indian craftsmen became unemployed.

 Indian cotton textile and wool industries became sick

 People lost their jobs.

 Cottage industries too suffered.

 The British imposed heavy tax on sale of Indian goods in England

 Because of Zamindari system, the landlords exploited the farmers.

 The right given to taluks to collect tax was withdrawn.

 Farmers were insulted and experienced financial problems

soldiers during the 1857 revolt?

The religious sentiments of the Indian soldiers were disturbed when

they were forced to cross the oceans to serve on a foreign land

4. What were the immediate causes for the First War of

Ravikumara B R Social Science Teacher

 Cows were sacred to the Hindus

 Pigs were blasphemous for Muslims.

 This incident became the immediate cause for the revolt

5. Make a list of the reasons for the failure of the revolt.

 This movement did not spread to whole country.

 It erupted due to certain unexpected reasons.

 Lack of unity among the Indian soldiers.

 There was a unity in British forces.

 Lack of proper direction and proper leadership.

 Lack of proper goal.

 Lack of discipline among the Indian soldiers.

 Many Indian kings supported the British.

 British used modern weapons and telecommunication.

6. What were the features of the declaration of the British Queen in

 The administration of East India Company was ended.

 Queen of England passed a declaration in 1858

 This is called ‘India’s Magna Carta’

Ravikumara B R Social Science Teacher

 Ambitious expansion plans given up

 Providing stable government

 Equality before law

 Religious tolerance -Non-interference in religious matters of Indians.

Unit 7. Freedom Struggle

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The Indian National Congress was established in the year1885.

3. ‘Swarajya is my birth right’ was declared byBala Gangadhar Tilak .

4. The Ali brothers started the movement Khilafath.

5. Separate nation for Muslims was proposed by Mohammad Ali Jinnah

1929 was presided by Jawahar Lal Nehru .

7. The person who started ‘Mahad’ and ‘Kalaram’ temple movements

was Dr. B R Ambedkar.

Ravikumara B R Social Science Teacher

8. The Jhansi regiment of Indian National Army was leaded by Captain

II. Fill in the blanks with given alternatives:

1. Founder of the Indian National Congress was .