Report on American Colonial Period Authors

Names of Members Corzon, Sharmie C.

Tumala, Warbee G.

Tuyac, Lyn G.

Paalisbo, Grezyl Joy P.

Aguirre, Debrel

Ragas, Jannah Marie

Topic 1.Sunset by Paz Latorena

2.Talanata’s Wife by Sinai Hamada

3.The Filipino Way of Life by Camilo Osias

4. I am a Filipino by Carlos P. Romulo

5. The Radiant Symbol by Jorge Bacobo

6. 13 Plays by Wilfrido Ma. Guerero

Report (25) minutes) 1. Sunset by Paz M. Latorena

Paz M. Latorena (1908-1953)

Paz M. Latorena is a Filipino-English writer

who was born in Boac, Marinduque,
January 17, 1908 and died on October
19,1953 in Tawi-Tawi. Youngest among the
four children of Florencia Manguera and
Valentin Latorena. She was a poet, editor,
author, a fictionist and a teacher. She
completed her basic education in Manila
at St. Scholastica and South Highschool. In
1925, she enrolled at the University of the
Philippines of Education where she earned
her Bachelor of Science in degree of
Education, and took a graduate course at
the University of Santo Tomas (UST).
Working by day as an elementary school
teacher, she attended night classes. One of
these was a short story writing class
conducted by Mrs. Paz Marquez Benitez. It
was not long before Mrs. Benitez invited
Latorena to write a column in the
Philippine Herald, of which she was then
literary editor. In 1927, Latorena joined
some campus writers to form the U.P.
Writers Club, and contributed a short
story, “A Christmas Tale” to the maiden
issue of “The Literary Apprentice”. That
same year, her short story “The Small Key”
won third place in Jose Garcia Villa's Roll
of Honor for the year's best short stories.
Some of her stories received the same
prizes over the next several years. Thirty
five of her stories have recently been
collected in a single volume. “Desire” and
Other Stories, edited by Eva V. Kalaw
(2000).One of her famous written short
story was “Sunset”.
Sunset is all about the story of a maid and
a cobbler who met unexpectedly in the
midst of a rainy night. That night their
bittersweet love story begin. There is one
thing that the couple looked up and
wished for and that is marriage. It is said
that, “a man would surely marry the
woman he loves and live the rest of his life
with her”...but marriage is an expensive
business. The couple really tried their best
just to find ways and save money for their
wedding but the couple didn't make it and
worst they became cold to each other. Not
a word about marriage has been said since
that day.
2. Tanabata’s wife by Sinai Hamada

TANABATA'S WIFE

Background of the Author

Sinai Hamada(1912-1991)

* He was born Feb. 11, 1911 and died

September 1991 at the age of 80 in
Baguio City, Benguet, Philippines

* A Japanese-Filipino who is born in

Baguio City.

* His father was an Japanese engineer and

his mother was an Ibaloi.

* Writes features, essays, poems, and

short stories, mostly on cross-cultural
currents.

* The founding editor of the Midland

Courier.
* The first lawyer of the city.

* Tanabata' Wife was described by

National Artist for Francisco Arcellana as
the finest filipino love story ever written.

Occupation

*Writer, journalist, lawyer

After graduating, Hamada practiced

law in Baguio City and has served as
counsel for various cases that have
reached the Supreme Court.

As a young lawyer, he served as the

defense counsel for Cayat, an Igorot
and native of Baguio, who was
charged for illegal possession of a
bottle of gin.

1947, with his brother Oseo and half-sister

Cecilia, Hamada founded the Baguio
Midland Courier, which started out as a
four-page tabloid and is now considered
one of the most widely read and
distributed newspapers in Baguio City.
Hamada was its first editor-in-chief while
his older brother Oseo Hamada managed
its business operations.

Language

*English and Filipino

Nationality

*Filipino

Education

* He graduated with a Journalism degree

from the University of the Philippines and
later received his law degree from the
University of the Philippines College of
Law. From 1936-1937, Hanada served as
Editor-in-Chief of the Philippine Collegian.

Alma Mater

*University of the Philippines

Other works

** Collected Short Stories (1975) - Baguio,

Philippines : Baguio Print. & Pub. Co.

* The Woman who Looked Out of the

Window: Selected Stories - A.S.
Florentino : exclusively distributed by
National Book Store, 1973

* The Punishment of Kutnon

* The Pagan

This short story is about a woman named

Fas-ang who comes to Baguio seeking
work. She meets Tanabata, a Japanese
gardener, who offers her a job in his
garden. Fas-ang accepts and ends up
staying with Tanabata. Over time, Fas-ang
learns to do household chores and enjoys
her new life. Tanabata proposes marriage
to Fas-ang, which she accepts. They get
married without any legal ceremony,
simply agreeing to be wed between
themselves. Fas-ang adapts well to
tending Tanabata's garden and caring for
their home.

SUMMARY

Tanabata is one of a number of Japanese

immigrant farmers in La Trinidad Valley in
Benguet. It is some time before the war
and Americans are busy colonising the
Philippines but life is quiet for the middle-
aged and lonely man who some describe
as being as lively as a corpse. With two
loyal friends, Tanabata often stares out at
his cabbage fields and drinks sake as he
drowns in his melancholy. Then, one day, a
young and feisty Bontoc woman named
Fas-ang appears like a ray of sunshine.

Fas-ang descends from the mountains

with two friends on her way to find work
in the big city but an offer from Tanabata
convinces her to stay with him and
become a farmhand. As the seasons pass
and the two get closer, they fall in love
and start a family. However, much like
farming, love has its seasons as age and
cultural differences come between
Tanabata and Fasang who is attracted to
the city lights of Baguio and still attached
to a young man from her village.

THEMES

Unconditional love.

True love forgives.

Betrayal and forgiveness

INSIGHTS

•True love means differently to every

person.

•"Utang na loob" begets humility.

•Love is never measured by how long the

courting was, or how long have you been
together but by the trust and faithfulness
of one to the other and how much one is
willing to accept the other.

•A person could be the life of another.

•Love conquers all.

•There is a kind of love that lives without

boundaries.

3. The Filipino Way of Life by Camilo

Osias

Camilo Osias
 An educational reformer
 Politician/Senator
 Prolific author
 Diplomat

EARLY LIFE OF CAMILO OSIAS

 Was born in the small town in

Balaoan, La Union Province
 on March 23, 1889

Family

 Manuel Osias (Osias' father)

: a farmer and a clerk for local

justice of peace

 Gregoria Oliviana Osias

: housewife

 Second youngest of the four

siblings (2 boys and 2 girls) while
his four other siblings died in
infancy

Home

 Osias described his neighborhood

as happy and quiet place which
lead them to live a simple and
frugal life
 His father supplement their needs
by it's income on harvesting fruit
from trees on their lot and
repairing nets
 Years later, Osias wrote "our family
in hardships tilled the soil to obtain
 additional sustenance, worked on
watery feilds or in the streams for
additional food, and performed
chores to gain some coins to satisfy
our limited wants and needs..."

Education

 Osias planned to become a priest

( when he was a young boy)
 Studied in San Fernando when the
Philippine Revolution erupted
(1906)

: quickly mastered Spanish

 Attended High School in Balaoan,

( during American military
occupation)

: became proficient in

English

 (1905) selected as pensionado ( a

government-funded student) to
study in U.S.
 Moved to Illinois to attend the
Western Illinois State Teachers
College
 (1908) became a standout public
speaker and graduated in 1908
 (1910) earned a bachelor of
science degree in education from
Columbia College in New York City

: speciality in school

administration

and supervision

CAMILO OSIAS RETURN TO THE

PHILIPPINES
 (1914) Married Ildefonsa Cuaresma

: raised seven children

: but after 20 years of

marriage, Osias divorced

Ildefonsa

: married to Avelina

Lorenzana in Reno, Nevada,

where they've got no children

 (1910) Osias first returned to the

Philippines was 1910
 Establish himself as one of the
islands' leading educators

: taught in La Union Province

: moved in Manila and served

as academic supervisor of

city schools

: worked as the first Filipino

superintendent of schools in

Bataan and Mindoro

: became an assistant

director in the Philippine

bureau of education

: a lecturer at the University

of the Philippines

 (1921) Osias left government

service and become the first
president of the private National
University in Manila

: imposed curriculum
 reforms and raised

academic standards

OSIAS' POLITICAL CAREER

 (1919) Manuel L. Quezon invited

Osias to join the first
independence mission to the U.S.

: admired by his colleagues

in the U.S. House

Representative because of

his eloquent oratory

: dubbed as "Mr. Philippine

Freedom"

: working with Quezon

elevated Osias profile as a

politician

 (1922) Osias returned to U.S. with

another independence delegation
with Quezon, Emilio Aguinaldo and
Sergio Osmeña
 (1925) Osias started his political
career in the Philippine
government

: as a senator, he centered

his interest to education

and infrastructure

initiatives

 (1929) Osias started his journey as

one of the Philippine Resident
Commissioner in U.S.

: During his time, Osias

 began his movement for

our country's

independence

 (1932) Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act

was passed that became a road to
independence
 (1933) Insular politics happened,
Manuel L. Quezon pulled his
support to Osias
 (1934) Because of Osias lack of
support from Manuel L. Quezon,
Osias political career collapsed for
a while
 (1935) After Osias House career, he
continued in politics and was
elected as chair in committe for
public instruction

OSIAS DURING/AFTER THE WORLD WAR

II

 Osias served under the KALIBAPI

( Japanese-dominated, single-party
occupation government
 Later being imprisoned for being
suspected as pro-American
 After the war, during U.S.
occupation, Osias was suspected
for treason

: but later being cleared

 (1947-1967) Served two more

stints in the government
 (1953) He ran for the presidency
but lost against Ramon Magsaysay
 Osias died in Manila on May 20,
1976 at the age of 87
SOME OF CAMILO OSIAS POPULAR
LITERARY WORKS

 Philippine Readers
 The Filipino Way of Life
 The prize winning Jose Rizal : His
life and Times

The Filipino Way of Life by CAMILO OSIAS

EXCERPT

SUMMARY OF THE BOOK

In 1940, Camilo Osias described the

Filipino people in his book "The Filipino
Way of Life" as naturally meek, humble,
peace-loving and hospitable but are
capable of being roused to anger
bordering on recklessness and to heroism.
CAMILO OSIAS enumerated the following
Filipino characteristics: Hospitality,
Politeness, Modesty, Devotion to Family
Ties, Love of Home, Stoicism, resignation
reflected on the expression "Bahala Na",
self-sacrifice, dignity and honor, bravery,
sensitivity, propensity to gambling,
apparent callousness to the needs of the
poor, lack of self-reliance, sufficient
initiative and foresight and tenacity of
purpose.

4. I AM A FILIPINO by Carlos P. Romulo

• Who is Carlos P. Romulo?

- Author

- Filipino Diplomat
- Statesman

- Soldier

- Journalist

• Carlos P. Romulo (1898 -1985)

- born on January 14, 1898 in Camiling,

Tarlac

- in 1923, professor of English at the UP,

secretary of President Manuel Quezon

- in 1930, became the publisher and editor

of the Philippines Herald Magazine

- October 31, 1936, Vice President of the

Boy Scouts of the Philippines (BSP) under
Commonwealth Act no. 111

- 1941-1981, President of the 4th session

of UN General Assembly and President of
the UN Security Council 4 times, and
became the first non-American to win the
Pulitzer Prize

- in 1982, he was proclaimed as a National

Artist for Literature of the Philippines and
he published 22 books

- died on December 15, 1985, at the age

of 87 and was buried in Libingan ng mga
Bayani

• I AM A FILIPINO by Carlos P. Romulo

• Summary

- "I am a Filipino" is an essay written by

Romulo about his identity as a Filipino in
the United States.

- This essay is reflective and describes how

he has grown to embrace his identity as
Filipino, despite being an immigrant to the
United States.

- This literary work is often seen as a

manifesto for the Filipino people's desire
to be free of colonial authority.
• Interesting Facts

- it was an anti-colonialist essay, first

appeared in The Philippine Herald in
August 1941.

- the heroes mentioned by the author

fought against the alien foe to protect
their land, their people, and their
freedom.

5. The Radiant Symbol by Jeorge Bacobo

Jorge Cleopas Bacobo

•Jorge Bocobo (1886-1965) was a

renowned Filipino scholar, lawyer, and
educator

•He served as the President of the

University of the Philippines from 1934 to
1939

•Bocobo made significant contributions to

Philippine literature, law, and education
through his extensive writings and
leadership roles.

• H
is

works encompass a wide range of topics,

including philosophy, politics, and social
issues, shaping intellectual discourse in the
Philippines during his time and beyond

Summary (The Radiant Symbol)

"The Radiant Symbol: Filipino Short Plays

and Stories" is a book written by Jorge
Bocobo. It was published by Oriental
Commercial Company in 1925. The book
contains a collection of Filipino short plays
and stories that delve into various aspects
of Philippine society and culture.

College Uneducation -Jorge Bocobo

I wish to speak on “College Uneducation.”

Is it possible that our college education
may “uneducate” rather than educate? I
answer “Yes.” It is a paradox but
nonetheless the truth—the grim,
unmerciful truth. We all believe in higher
education; else we should not be in the
University. At the same time, college
education—like all other human devices
for human betterment—may build or
destroy, lead, or mislead.

My ten years’ humble service in the

University of the Philippines has afforded
me an opportunity to watch the current of
ideals and practices of our student body.
In some aspects of higher education, most
of our students have measured up to their
high responsibilities. But in other features
—alas, vital ones!—the thoughts and
actions of many of them tend to stunt the
mind, dry up the heart, and quench the
soul. These students are being uneducated
in college. I shall briefly discuss three
ways in which many of our students are
getting college uneducation, for which
they pay tuition fees and make
unnumbered sacrifices.

Summary (College Uneducation)

In "College Uneducation, Jorge Bocobo

discusses how college education can have
negative effects on students. He points out
deficiencies in certain aspects of higher
education that hinder intellectual,
emotional, and spiritual growth. Bocobo's
essay raises concerns about the potential
drawbacks of college education and calls
for reflection on its impact on students'
overall development.

6. 13 plays by Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero

Wilfrido María Guerrero

• Filipino playwright,
• director,
• teacher and,
• theater artist
He wrote over 100 plays, 41 of which have
been published.

Wilfrido María Guerrero

Born
January 22, 1910
Ermita, Manila, Philippine

Died
April 28, 1995 (aged 85)
Manila, Philippines

Known for
National Artists for Theater, 1997

He studied at the Ateneo de Manila

University, and briefly, at Columbia
University. He wrote his first play at age
14, and his play in Spanish, "No Todo Es
Risa", was produced at the Ateneo when
he was 15.

OCCUPATION

Guerrero later worked as a reporter and

proofreader for La Vanguardia, a Spanish
newspaper, and as a drama critic for the
Manila Tribune.

He also worked for some time in the

Philippine film industry as a scriptwriter.
He served as director of the Filipino
Players from 1941 to 1947.

In 1947 he was appointed as director of the

Dramatic Club of the University of the
Philippines despite not having a degree,
and he held that position for sixteen years.

WRITING CAREER

It was Guerrero's favorite aunt, Maria

Araceli, who discovered his writing ability.
When he was 12 or 13 she noticed him
writing on scraps of paper and then hiding
them inside his cabinet drawer.

After his aunt's death, Guerrero wrote

some of his most popular comedies,
"Movie Artists," "Basketball Fight," and
"Wanted: A Chaperone." He also made her
the basis for the principal characters in
"Forever" (Maria Teresa) and
"Frustrations" (Maria Araceli). “Both
women are like my aunt: imperious,
strong-willed, wise, but also humane,” he
wrote.

AWARDS
Guerrero received three national awards:
the Rizal Pro-Patria Award in 1961, the
Araw ng Maynila Award in 1969, and the
Republic Cultural Heritage Award in 1972.

The U.P. Mobile Theater received two

awards when he was director: The
Citizen's Council for Mass Media Trophy
(1966) and the Balagtas Award (1969).

13 PLAYS BY WILFRIDO MARIA

GUERRERO

Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero’s anthology “13

Plays” was first published in 1947. This
collection includes some of his most
significant works, which have been
influential in Philippine theater.

The reason for the publication of these

plays was to bring theater to a wider
audience, making it accessible to students
and the general public.

13 PLAYS BY WILFRIDO MARIA

GUERRERO

1.Half an Hour in a Covenant

2.Women are Extraordinary
3.Romance in B minor
4.Movie Artists minor
5.Wanted: A Chaperon
6.Forever
7.Condemned
8.Perhaps
9.The Women Surrenders
10. Deep in my Heart
11. Wow, these Americans!
12. The Forsaken House
13. Frustrations
1. Half an hour in the covenant.
The story revolves around a young student
named Yolanda. She is described as
unhappy and troubled, facing expulsion for
her disobedience and rebellious behavior.
Sister Vitalis, a kind-hearted nun, defends
Yolanda, arguing that she is not inherently
bad but rather needs understanding and a
chance to explain herself. The play touches
on themes of:
• strict discipline,
• the quest for understanding, and
• the complexities of navigating authority
and personal growth within the confines of
a religious institution.

2. Women are Extraordinary

A play that celebrates the strength,
resilience, and complexity of women. The
play portrays various female characters
navigating through different challenges,
showcasing their extraordinary abilities
and contributions to society. It may delve
into themes such as:
• women's empowerment,
• gender roles, and
• the societal expectations placed upon
women.

Through the characters and their

experiences, the play aim to challenge
stereotypes and highlight the multifaceted
nature of women's lives. Overall, "Women
Are Extraordinary" serves as a tribute to
the remarkable qualities and achievements
of women in various aspects of life.

3. Romance in B Minor
The play is about two sisters named
Aurora and Clemencia. They both love the
same man, Ernesto. The tension rises as
Ernesto's feelings change between the
sisters. Aurora, who is older, decides to
give up her own feelings to make
Clemencia happy. Meanwhile, Clemencia
struggles with her love for Ernesto and her
loyalty to her sister.

As the story goes on, we see how love,

sacrifice, and family relationships can be
complicated. The characters' feelings are
shown clearly, and the play talks about
responsibilities, wants, and how people
can feel happy and sad at the same time.
4. Movies Artist Minor
(DID NOT FOUND ANY
INFORMATION)

5. Wanted: Chaperon
A play that humorously addresses the clash
between traditional Filipino values and
modern influences. The story unfolds in
the living room of Don Francisco and
Doña Petra, who are concerned about their
daughter Nena's reputation after she
attends a party without a chaperon.
Amidst rumors and societal judgment, the
play explores the themes of:
• courtship,
• family honor, and
• the lengths to which parents will go to
protect their children in a changing society.

6. Forever
It is a dramatic play that delves into the
complexities of marriage, infidelity, and
the consequences of betrayal. The story
centers around Gonzalo, who discovers his
wife Nita's affair with his best friend
Adrian. Gonzalo confronts Nita with the
knowledge of her infidelity and presents
her with cyanide, a lethal poison, creating
a tense and emotionally charged situation.
The play explores the themes of:
• trust,
• love, and
• the pain of deception within the intimate
bonds of marriage

7. Condemned
A play that tells the story of Pablo
Gonzalez, who is facing a crisis as he is
torn between his love for his fiancée
Cristina and his loyalty to his mother
Angela. The play unfolds as Pablo's old
friend Andres Gorospe and another friend
Simeon Sereno become involved in the
situation, revealing the complexities of
personal relationships and societal
expectations.
The characters grapple with themes of:
• love,
• duty, and
• the moral dilemmas that arise when these
forces conflict
8. Perhaps
A one-act play that explores the
complexities of human relationships,
particularly focusing on the theme of love
and its uncertainties. The story revolves
around a young couple, Naty and Dido,
who are caught in a moment of doubt
about their feelings for each other. As they
engage in a conversation about their future
together, they confront their fears,
insecurities, and the possibility of
separating. Through their dialogue,
Guerrero delves into the ambiguity of love
and the challenges of commitment.
9. The Woman Surrenders
A play set during the Japanese occupation
of the Philippines in World War II. The
story follows a group of women who find
themselves living in fear and uncertainty
under Japanese rule. As they cope with the
challenges of survival, they grapple with
difficult decisions, including the choice
between resistance and collaboration.
The play explores themes of:
• sacrifice,
• resilience, and
• the complexities of morality in times of
war.

Through the characters' interactions and

experiences, Guerrero portrays the human
cost of conflict and the enduring strength
of the Filipino spirit.

10. Deep in my Heart

A play that delves into the complexities of
human emotions, relationships, and
societal expectations. The story revolves
around a wealthy family whose lives are
disrupted when a young woman named
Trining enters their household as a tutor.
Trining's presence awakens long-
suppressed desires and secrets within the
family, leading to conflicts and revelations
about love, fidelity, and social status. As
the characters navigate their inner
struggles and external pressures, they
confront the truth about themselves and
their relationships.
Guerrero's play explores themes of:
• class divide,
• personal identity, and
• the pursuit of happiness amidst societal
constraints.

11. Wow, these Americans!

Plot Summary:
- The story is about Pablo, the main
character, who faces both inner and outer
problems.
- Inner Struggles:
- Pablo deals with the fact that he might
be executed soon.
- He feels angry towards his mother.
- Outside Conflicts:
- Pablo's fights with others are connected
to his inner battles.
- His relationships with three women
affect what happens to him:
1. Tia Cheding: She isn't his real mom,
but she cares for him like one and tries to
stop his execution.
2. Pablo's Real Mom: Their relationship
isn't good, and he blames her for his
possible death sentence.
3. Christina (Pablo's Girlfriend): He
truly loves her, and she helps him find
hope and faith again.

American Influence:
- The play shows how Americans helped
Philippine theater grow stronger.
- Guerrero uses this play to talk about
human feelings, relationships, and society's
rules.

In short, "Wow! These Americans!" is a

deep look into personal struggles, love,
and how different cultures affect each
other, especially during an important time
in Philippine history.

12. The Forsaken House

The drama unfolds in a dimly lit, richly
furnished living room and revolves around
the family of Ramon, the authoritarian
head of the household, and his submissive
wife Encarna. The couple has several
children who each react differently to their
father's strict control, which limits their
freedom and personal growth.

The Forsaken House" is a poignant

exploration of:
• familial bonds,
• personal freedom, and
• the impact of societal changes on
individual lives.
 13. Frustrations
Frustrations" by Wilfrido Maria Guerrero
is a three-act play that delves into the
denouncement of the traditional Asian
family's official culture. The play is
analyzed through various critical
perspectives to uncover its covert
meanings, addressing themes of:
• criticism,
• colonialism, and
• culture.

It reflects Guerrero's critique of the

societal norms and expectations imposed
by the traditional family structure.

Postreport Activity (10 minutes) Survey of Philippine literature

Assessment

Test I

( To assess students' knowledge about the

following literature in their corresponding
with their corresponding authors.)

Directions: Match Column A and Column

B. Write the letter of the correct answer.

A.

1. Sunset
2. Talanata’s Wife
3. The Filipino Way of Life
4. I am a Filipino
5. The Radiant Symbol
6. 13 Plays

B.

a. Bacobo
b.Camilo Osias
c.Paz Latorena
d.Wilfrido Ma. Guerero
e.Sinai Hamada
f.Carlos P. Romulo

Test II

( To assess students' knowledge about the

biography of the following authors.)

Directions: Fill in the blanks the specific

profession or expertise of the following
authors on the right side and on the lefts
side fill in the specific year they were
born.

1. ________ Paz Latorena ________

2. ________ Sinai Hamada ________

3. _______Carlos P. Romulo ________

 4. ________ Camilo Osias _________

5. ________ Jorge Bacobo __________

6. _____ Wilfredo Ma. Guerero ______

References Bananal, Eduardo.Camilo Osias: Educator

and Statesman (Quezon City, PI: Manlapaz
Publishing Co., 1974).

Osias, Camilo.Te Story of a Long Career of

Varied Tasks (Quezon City, PI: Manlapaz
Publishing Co., 1971).

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15857336&ved=2ahUKEwiTiL7e8_eEAxXE
T2cHHRZeDB0QFnoECBYQAQ&usg=AOvVa
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Half an Hour in a Convent – Wilfrido Ma

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