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Reporters Name 1.Define online Identity
Reporters Name
2.Compare real identity versus online
identity.
Reporters Name 3.Describe the influence of internet on
Reporters Name sexuality and gender.
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University professor and author Lionel

Trilling's (1957 analysis of literature about
the "self" and its relationship with others
distinguisher sincerity and authenticity.
Sincerity refers to the exposure in public of
what one feels privately. On the other hand,
an authentic person is one who takes action
based on some internal standard and takes
responsibility for this freely chosen action.

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Family School Neighbour

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People in these social domains exert different impacts on the

formation of self, depending on the stage of development of the
child. Research has shown that parent have a dominant influence
on their children's sense of self prior to adolescence. As child
grows older, the influence of peers increases (Rosenberg, 1986).
The emergence of the Internet, however, adds a fourth domain-
the online life - to the social world. The online life has definitely
altered the dynamics of self-identity especially for adolescents.

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I, Me, Myself, and

my user ID online
Identity
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I, Me, Myself, and my user ID online

Identity
The self that is constructed online is
generally called the digital self. Analyses
of the experiences of online users
(especially teenagers) have shown that
the characteristics of the digital self are
(Zhao, 2005):

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Narrative in Multipliable
Oriented inward Retractable
nature
The digital self is It is narrative in It is retractable it is multipliable
oriented inward nature because because others because people
toward the world of online users will only are unable to link can interact with
thoughts and feelings come to know the the online self- one another in
because others person primarily claims to the different domains
cannot see the online through what that offline identities. of the online world
user's overt person tells them. at relatively the
attributes.
same time.

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Research suggests that self-presentation

tends to be superficial. A study found that
students and nonstudents between 18 to
39 years old were more likely to disclose
their interests online rather than their
beliefs and feelings (Attrill & Jalil, 2011).
This constrains the feedback that one
receives, and thus, influences the self.

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The basic kinds of people you interact

with online are:
1. People you do not know at all:
2. People you know both online and
offline, and
3. People you know only online.

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Selective Self-
Presentation and
Impression
Management
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Self-Presentation
Self-presentation behavior is any
behavior intended to create, modify, or
maintain an impression of ourselves in
the minds of others. Whenever we are
attempting to lead people to think of us
in a particular way, we are engaging in
self-presentation.

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Why do people engage in self-presentation?

Self presentation:
• Helps facilitate social interaction;
• Enables individuals to attain material and social rewards; and
• Helps people privately construct desired identities.

Generally, social media platforms are used for:

• Social browsing;
• Social searching;
• Communication, and
• Impression management.

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Impression Management
Impression management is the attempt
to control or influence any other
people's perceptions. This could be
their perception of a certain person
(including you), a material possession,
or an event.

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There are two main motives of attempting to manage the

impressions of others:
• Instrumental. This motive is to basically gain rewards and
increase one's self- esteem.
• Expressive. This motivation is about attempting to be in
control of one's personal behavior and identity. It is a
response to moral norms, expectations, or restrictions,
seeking to show others that he or she, as a person, is
different.

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Impression-management Strategies

Self-Promotion Ingratiation Exemplification

Self-promotion is a proactive Ingratiation is the Exemplification
process in which a person process by which involves a strategic
actively says things or takes someone tries to win self-sacrifice so that
when to show his or her the approval or observers may
competence to an audience acceptance of another. recognize the
(Rosenfeld et al, 1995, p.51). dedication.

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Impression-management Strategies

Intimidation
Intimidation is a strategy
that involves showing off
authority, power, or the
potential to punish in order
to be seen by observers as
someone who could be or is
dangerous.
Supplication
Supplication is an
approach where the
individual exploits
his/her weaknesses
or shortenings to
receive help or
benefits.

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Impact of online
interactions on
the self

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In 1998, one of the first studies of Internet use

found that Internet use in general
significantly affected social relationships and
participation in offline community life (Kraut et al.,
1998). The study indicated that the more time
spent online caused a decline in communicating
with family members. A 2013 data also indicated
that the use of social networking sites (SNS) may
possibly undermine subjective perception of well-
being and life satisfaction.

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One of the reasons time spent on SNS may be associated with

depressive symptoms is the fact that computer-mediated
communication may lead to the altered (and often wrong)
impression of the physical and personality traits of the other users.
This may to incorrect conclusions regarding physical appearance,
educational level, intelligence. moral integrity, as well as many
other characteristics of online friends (Chou, 2012). However, it
should be stressed that so far there is still no conclusive evidence
that the use of SNS causes e depression or even a single symptom of
depression.

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In fact, there is an indication that online communication with friends and

family (today mostly done on SNS) is actually associated with a decline in
depression (Bessière et al., 2010). Social networking was also found to be
addictive. The addictive nature of SNS is supported primarily by the
mental preoccupation of chronic SNS users who, as a result, tend to
neglect some other aspects of their social functioning such as family and
offline friends. In addition, some chronic users who have suddenly
stopped online social networking (ie., lack of Internet connection) have
been observed to display signs and symptoms that at least partially
resemble the ones seen during drug/alcohol/nicotine abstinence
syndrome (La Barbera et al., 2009).

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Examples of these symptoms are:

• Anxiety
• Restlessness
• Insomnia
• Headaches
• Poor concentration
• Depression
• Social isolation
• Irritability

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What makes us
so addicted?

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What makes us so addicted?

Communication occurs during interaction,
and our need to be connected and interact
with others is universal and unavoidable.
Communication is necessary in our
unending search for sense and meaning to
our world. “One cannot not communicate”
(Watzlawick & the Palo Alto School, 1967).

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The social world is socially constructed through interactions

between people: roles, rules, categorizations, stereotypes, and so on.
Social networks have the power to amplify this human nature. They
have broken the barriers of distance and time of presence and
visibility. They expand the possibilities of sharing and playing
identities. They fulfil the most deeply felt human need of finding a
psychological distinctiveness and self-definition in a social contest.
The social world is socially constructed through interactions
between people: roles, rules, categorizations, stereotypes, and so on.

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Social networks have the power to amplify this human nature. They
have broken the barriers of distance and time of presence and
visibility. They expand the possibilities of sharing and playing
identities. They fulfil the most deeply felt human need of finding a
psychological distinctiveness and self-definition in a social contest.
Social validation is an important part of being human. Hence, a
Facebook “Like” or a Twitter “Favorite” is a social signal that makes
us feel good and makes us want to crave for more.

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Boundaries of the self

online: Private vs. Public;
personal/individual vs.
Social identity online
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How are identities constructed in the age of

the Internet? Is the distinction between
private identity” and “public identity
relevant, especially for this generation? An
important characteristic of the Internet age is
the phenomenon of “public identity.” It can
be said that for millennials and for the future
generation, the notion of privacy as an
individual would probably be lost.

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After all, these are young people who have

been subjected to security measures in
various forms and in numerous settings
(schools, airports, mall). In many settings,
the words, “This Area is Under Constant
Surveillance, are posted. Even parents and
the youth use “webcams” to capture
everyday behaviors Millennials have been
socialized to do things in groups.

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Private vs.
Public self

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Private vs. Public self
Social scientists have given very different definitions of the
concept of “private” and “public” Understanding the difference
between these concepts will help in your study of the “self”
(Baumeister, 2012)
• Private. The prevalent definition among social psychologists
is “private” refers to mental events in a person that are
inherently unobservable by others.
• Public. What social psychologists consider as “public” are
behaviors that are open to the observations of other people.

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SUMMARY OF THE VARIOUS USES OF THE

TERMS “PRIVATE” AND “PUBLIC”
PRIVATE PUBLIC
Phenomenological experience Observable behavior
Acting only for self Acting as agent for others
Actor controls access to information Information about sell not controlled
regarding self by actor
Acting in the interest of a limited Acting in the interest of the
number of people community

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Social profiles are a description of individuals’ social

characteristics that identify them on social media sites, such as
LinkedIn and Facebook. When it comes to online personal or
business branding, the creation of social media profiles is
absolutely essential, Before the advent of the latest companies
had to worry about their brands Now Individuals do as well,
especially individuals who are open to or actively seeking new
job opportunities.

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Possible advantages of making your online profile

public:
• It facilitates open communication that could lead to better and
faster information discovery and delivery.
• It allows open discussion on ideas and the posting of news,
asking of questions, and sharing of links.
• It provides an opportunity to widen business contacts.
• It targets a wide audience, making it a useful and effective tool to
increase your network of friends,

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Possible advantages of making your online profile

public:
• If you are an entrepreneur, it improves business reputation and
client base with minimal use of advertising,
• It helps expand market research, implement marketing
campaigns, deliver communications, and direct interested people
to specific websites.

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Possible risks:
• It opens up the possibility for hackers to commit fraud and launch
spam and virus attacks.
• It increases the risk of people falling prey to online scams that seem
genuine, resulting in data or identity theft.
• It potentially results in negative comments and bashing.
Some advantages of making your online profile private:
• You have control over viewers. You only connect with those you
want to communicate with.
• Your online profile is protected from scammers and bashers.

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Disadvantages of a private profile:

• Your network is very limited, thus, you close your doors to
opportunities that social networking bring.
• Your engagement is very low You do not get to meet
interesting people with whom you can exchange ideas or
learn from
• If you are an entrepreneur, a private profile will not help
grow your business.

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Individual vs.
Social identity

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Individual Identity
Personal (individual) identity is the
concept, you develop about yourself that
evolves over the course of your life. This
may include aspects of your life that you
have no control over, such as where you
grew up or the color of your skin, as well at
choices you make in life, such as how you
spend your time and what you believe in.

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Characteristics of personal
identity:
• The emphasis is on the individual.
• It is created through differences in
personal characteristics when comparing
the self with others.

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Social Identity
Social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John
Turner (1979) theorized that social identity
is a person’s sense of who he/she is based
on group membership(s). They asserted
that the groups (e.g., social class, family,
basketball team, and so on), to which
people belonged to were an important
source of pride and self-esteem.

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Characteristics of social identity:

• The emphasis is on what the person has
in common with the members of his or
her group.
• It is created based on similarities with
others.

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Gender and
sexuality online

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Does the Internet influence stereotyping?

The Internet plays an essential role in
shaping our conception of the world, our
opinions, and our values. Children and
young people who are in the process of
forming their opinions and attitudes about
norms and acceptable behavior, and also
about sexuality are most susceptible to the
Internet’s influence.

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The attitudes, conduct, and roles toward

women, men, and the LGBTQ+ community are
being strongly influenced by Internet content.
By creating a certain type of message, internet
users can manipulate people’s attitudes and
opinions. Gender stereotypes existing in the
offline environment (which are the root of
inequality between men, women, and the
LGBTQ+, and the origin of gender violence)
are also present in the online world.

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A stereotype is a fixed, over generalized belief

about a particular group or class of people”
(Cardwell, 2014). The use of stereotypes is a
manner in which people simplify the social
world. Stereotyping is assuming that the
characteristics and abilities of one person is
also present in all members of the group,
Stereotyping leads to social categorization.
Which is one of the reasons for prejudice
attitudes (i.e., “them” and “us” mentality).

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What factors affect adolescent sexuality? Sexuality as a

developmental issue is present throughout the life cycle, but it
becomes especially salient during adolescence. Adolescents have to
adjust to their developing sexuality, in particular their increased
sexual drive, interest in sex, and the task of constructing their
sexual selves. The development of sexuality is an important bio-
psycho-social development During adolescence, major biological,
as well as psychological developments take place The myriad of
changes that occur in adolescents put them under enormous stress,
which may have adverse physical and psychological consequences.

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Factors that affect an adolescent’s

sexuality:
1. Hormones;
2. Personality or temperament;
3. Social or environmental factors; and
4. Media and the Internet.

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An adolescent’s sexual interest has a lot to do with his or her

hormones. The brain controls puberty by producing hormones
that travel in the bloodstream to various organs. The sex organs
(gonads) are stimulated to make sex hormones. A girl’s ovaries
are stimulated to make the female hormone estrogen. A boy’s
testicles are stimulated to make the male hormone testosterone.

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Meanwhile, personality or temperament is an important psychological

factor that also decides the attitude toward sexuality. For example,
there are introvert adolescents who face difficulty in approaching and
responding sexually (Kar et al., 2015).

Social or environmental factors that facilitate sexual learning and

decide the sexual attitude of the adolescent include:
• Attitude of parents toward • Peer relationship; and
sexuality; • Cultural influences.
• Parenting style,

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In the recent decades, media coverage and

the Internet have grown worldwide
exponentially. Adolescents’ access to them
can easily literature related to sexuality.
Sexual crimes, and violence that affect
their perception and attitudes toward
sexuality.

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Thank You!

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