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LEARNING APPROACH PRACTICE QUESTIONS

BANDURA:
1) State the aim of the study (2 marks)
2) Describe the background of the study (4 marks)
3) Describe the psychology being investigated (5 marks)
4) Describe how the IV of the ‘aggressive model’ condition was
operationalized (2 marks)
5) Describe how the IV of the ‘non-aggressive model’ condition was
operationalized (2 marks)
6) Describe the experimental/modelling condition phase (Phase 1) of the
procedure (5 marks)
7) Describe the aggression arousal phase (Phase 2) of the procedure (5 marks)
8) Describe the testing for delayed imitation phase (Phase 3) of the procedure
(5 marks)
9) Describe how the pre-existing levels of aggression of the children were
tested (5 marks)
10) Describe how the behaviour of ‘imitative verbal aggression’ was measured
(2 marks)
11) Describe how the behaviour of ‘imitative physical aggression’ was
measured (2 marks)
12) Outline two quantitative results from the study (4 marks)
13) Describe the sample of the study (4 marks)
14) Outline one result that supports the individual explanation and one that
supports the situational explanation (6 marks)
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15) Outline one result that supports the nature side and one that supports the
nurture side of the nature-nurture debate (6 marks)
16) Outline two real world application of the study (4 marks)
17) Outline one conclusion of the study (2 marks)
18) Describe whether each of the following ethical guidelines were followed or
not in the study:
Informed Consent
Deception
Protection from harm
Debriefing
(8 marks)
19) Outline one result that supports the social learning theory and one result
that does not support the social learning theory (8 marks)
20) Outline one similarity and one difference between Bandura and any other
core study from the learning approach (8 marks)
21) Outline two similarities between Bandura and any other core study from
the learning approach (8 marks)
22) Two friends Ali and Ahmed are discussing the study in terms of its
generalisability. Ali says the study is generalizable while Ahmed says it is
not. Outline why both are correct (6 marks)
23) Two friends Sarah and Sana are discussing the study in terms of its validity.
Sarah says the study is valid while Sana says it is not valid. Outline why both
are correct (6 marks)
24) Two friends Obama and Trump are discussing the study in terms of its
ethics. Obama says the study is ethical while Trump says it is not. Outline
why both are correct (6 marks)
25) Explain why the study is part of the learning approach (2 marks)
26a) Outline two assumptions of the learning approach (4 marks)
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b) Describe one result from the study that supports either of the two
assumptions stated in part (a) (2 marks)
27) Previous studies have shown that children readily imitate the behaviour of
a model while the model is present. What are two ways the study by
Bandura differs from this (2 marks)
28) Evaluate the study in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses. At least
one of your evaluative points must be about use of children in
psychological research (10 marks)

SAAVEDRA & SILVERMAN:

1) Outline one aim of the study (2 marks)
2) Describe the pre-assessment part of the procedure (4 marks)
3) Describe what is meant by evaluative learning (2 marks)
4) Describe the experience that caused the boy to develop a phobia of
buttons (4 marks)
5) Describe the sample of the study (4 marks)
6) Describe how the boy was diagnosed with a phobia of buttons (2 marks)
7) Describe what is meant by expectancy learning (2 marks)
8) Describe the positive reinforcement therapy the boy went through (4
marks)
9) Describe the imagery exposure treatment the boy went through (4 marks)
10) State one stimulus the boy rated 8 on the feelings thermometer (1 mark)
11) Describe what is meant by classical conditioning using this study as an
example (4 marks)
12) Outline one result of the exposure-based treatment (2 marks)
13) Outline one result of the imagery-based therapy (2 marks)
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14) Describe post-assessment part of the procedure (4 marks)

15) Suggest one real world application of the study (2 marks)
16) Outline one result that supports the nurture side of the debate (4 marks)
17) Outline one result that supports the situational side of the debate and one
result that supports the individual side of the debate (6 marks)
18) Outline one similarity and one difference between Saavedra and Silverman
and any other core study from the learning approach (8 marks)
19) Outline one conclusion from the study (2 marks)
20) Explain whether each of the following ethical guidelines was followed or
broken:
Informed Consent
Confidentiality
Debriefing
Protection from harm
(8 marks)
21) Two friends Virat and Babar are discussing the study in terms of its validity.
Virat says the study is valid while Babar says it is not. Outline why both are
correct (6 marks)
22) Evaluate the study in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses. At least
one of your evaluative points must be about case studies (10 marks)

FAGEN:
1) Describe the background of the study (4 marks)
2) Describe the psychology being investigated (4 marks)
3) Outline the aim of the study (2 marks)
4) Describe the sample of the study (4 marks)
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5) Describe the ‘trunk up’ behaviour the elephants were required to learn as
part of the trunk wash (2 marks)
6) Describe the ‘trunk here’ behaviour the elephants were required to learn as
part of the trunk wash (2 marks)
7) Describe the ‘blow’ behaviour the elephants were required to learn as part
of the trunk wash (2 marks)
8) Describe the behaviour of ‘bucket’ the elephants were required to learn as
part of the trunk wash (2 marks)
9) Describe the behaviour of ‘steady’ the elephants were required to learn as
part of the trunk wash (2 marks)
10) Outline one way the ‘lure’ method was used to train the elephants during
the trunk wash (2 marks)
11) Outline one way the ‘capture’ method was used to train the elephants
during the trunk wash (2 marks)
12) Outline one way the ‘shaping’ method was used to train the elephants
during the trunk wash (2 marks)
13) Two friends Anant and Radhika are discussing the study in terms of its
validity. Anant says the study is valid while Radhika says it is not valid.
Outline why both are correct (6 marks)
14) Outline how the elephants were desensitized to the syringe used to insert
the fluid in the elephants trunk (2 marks)
15) Explain why it was important to desensitize the elephants to the syringe (2
mark)
16) Name one of the behaviours that was initially part of the trunk wash, but
was eventually excluded (1 mark)
17) Describe how ‘session times’ were recorded in the study (2 marks)
18) Describe how the passing score for a behavioural response was measured
(2 marks)
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19) Outline one result that supports the individual explanation and one result
that supports the situational explanation (6 marks)
20) Outline one result that supports the nurture side and one result that
supports the nature side of the debate (6 marks)
21) Suggest one real world application of the findings of the study (2 marks)
22) Explain why this study is part of the learning approach (2 marks)
23) Outline one similarity and one difference between Fagen and any other
core study from the learning approach (8 marks)
24) Outline one conclusion from the study (2 marks)
25) Describe the results in terms of sessions times for elephant 2 compared to
elephant 1 (3 marks)
26a) Outline two assumptions of the learning approach (4 marks)
b) Describe one result of the study that supports either of the two
assumptions mentioned in part (a) (2 marks)
27) Outline why the sample is not generalizable (4 marks)
28) Outline one strength of a controlled observation, using this study as an
example (2 marks)
29) Outline one strength of a structured observation, using this study as an
example (4 marks)
30) Evaluate the study in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses. At least
one of your evaluative points must be about animal ethics (10 marks)