Power Transformers

Transformers are the link between

the generators of the power system
and the transmission lines, and
between lines of different voltage
levels. Transmission lines operate at
nominal voltages up to 765 kV line
to line. Generators are usually built
in the range of 18-24 kV with some
at slightly higher rated voltages.
Transformers also lower the voltages
to distribution levels and finally for
residential use at 380/220 V. They
are highly (nearly 100%) efficient
and very reliable.
Equivalent circuit of transformer
Equivalent circuit with magnetizing current neglected
Solution:
Impedance diagram for circuit of example with impedances marked in p.u.
Phase shift occurs in- transformer.

Wiring Diagram
 We denote H for the high voltage side (-
connected) “capital letters (A,B and C) for the HV
side”.
 The X for the low voltage side (-connected) “small
letters (a, b and c) for the LV side”.
 American Standard, H1 leads X1 voltage by 30
angle regardless the H on the  OR  side.
 Consequently this is applicable for H2 and H3.
Regulating transformer for voltage magnitude