Ch 8.

Cementing
CEMENTING OPERATIONS
1. Functions of Cement
2. Properties of cement
3. Cement Additives
4. Primary Cementing
5. Squeeze Cementing
6. Cement Plugs
7. Evaluation of Cement Jobs
FUNCTIONS OF OILWELL
CEMENTS
• PREVENT FLUID MIGRATION
IN THE ANNULUS

• PROTECT CASING FROM

CORROSIVE FLUIDS

• SUPPORT CASING STRINGS

Casing Schemes
Cementing Process
 Remedial
Cementation
 1. FUNCTION, TYPE AND
COMPOSITION OF CEMENT
• Function :
• Prevent reservoir Fluid Movement
• Protect the Casing
• Support the Casing
 1. FUNCTION, TYPE AND
COMPOSITION OF CEMENT
• Types :
• Shallow Well Cement
• Retarded Cement
• General Purpose Cement
• Pozmix
• Gypsum
• Diesel Oil

• Composition :
• Portland Cement
• Mixwater
2. PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
• Compressive Strength :
• Waiting on Cement (WOC)
• Perforating

• Thickening Time :
• Mixing
• Pumping
• Displacement
• Problems
2. PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
• Density :
• Hi-Dens
• Losses

• Water Loss :
• Liners
• Reservoirs
• Squeeze Jobs
3. CEMENT ADDITIVES
• Light Weight Additives :
• Bentonite
• Pozzolan
• Diatomaceous Earth

• Heavyweight Additives :
• Barite
• Hemitite
• Sand
3. CEMENT ADDITIVES
• Accelerators :
• Reduce WOC Time
• CaCL2
• NaCl
• Seawater

• Retarders :
• Increase Thickening Time
• Ca Lignosulphonate
• Salt Sat.Soln.
3. CEMENT ADDITIVES
• Fluid Loss :
• Organic Polymers
• CMC

• Friction Reducers :
• Polymers
• Salt
• Ca Lignosulphonate
Cement Slurry
4. PRIMARY CEMENTING

• Single Stage Cementing

• Multiple Stage Cementing
• Stinger Cementation
• Liner Cementing
Single Stage Cementing
• Downhole Equipment :
• Guide Shoe
• Float Collar
• Centralisers
• Scratchers

• Surface Equipment :
• Mixing and Pumping
• Cement Head
Cementing Process
Guide Shoe and Float Shoe
Float Collar
Centraliser
Cement Mixing
Cementing
Head
Bottom Cement
Plug
Top Cement Plug
Recommendations for a Good
Cement Job
• Centralise
• Condition Mud
• Move Pipe
• High Displacement Rate
Uniform Borehole
geometry
Cement Displacement
2-stage Cementing
Collar
 Stinger
Cementing
Shoe
Liner Cementing
Equipment
5. SQUEEZE CEMENTING

• Functions :
• Seal off Underiseable Zones
• Repair Casing Failures
• Repair Poor Primary Jobs
5. SQUEEZE CEMENTING

• Types of Job :
• High Pressure
• Low Pressure

• Procedure :
• Bradenhead Squeeze
• Packer Squeeze
Liner Squeeze
Operation
Squeeze Cementing
Bradenhead
Squeeze
 Squeeze
Operation
Casing Diameters
Cement Plug
EVALUATING CEMENT JOBS
• Quality of Cement Job:
• TOC
• Leakage

• Evaluation Techniques:
• Temperature Log
• Radioactivity Log
• Cement Bond Log
• Variable Density Log
Temperature Log
Radioactivity Log
Principle of Cement
Bond Log (CBL)
VDL Log
CBL/VDL Log