Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HCMUT Semester 1 – Calculus 1 – Project Report

CALCULUS 1
APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS

Instructors: Phan Thị Hường

Class: CC01 - Group 05

Lê Nguyễn Hoàng Nam 2352773

Trần Bảo Long 2352701
Dư Nguyễn Kim Loan 2352683
Nguyễn Đăng Nguyên 2352828
Dương Công Chí Dũng 2352204

Ho Chi Minh City, December 2023

 Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HCMUT Semester 1 – Calculus 1 – Project Report

APPLICATION OF LIMITS, DERIVATIVES, INTEGRAL

AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

**This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the application of litmits, derivatives,

integral and differential equations in real life. We will look at everyday instances where they
play a significant role in addressing real-world challenges.

Table of content:
a) Introduction
b) Theory
c) Real-life examples
d) Coding
e) Conclusion
f) References

INTRODUCTION
This project aims to uncover the diverse and impactful applications of fundamental concepts
in calculus, namely limits, derivatives, integrals, and differential equations, in real-life
scenarios. As we delve into the intricacies of these mathematical principles, we will explore
how they contribute to solving practical problems and address challenges encountered in
various fields. By examining concrete examples, we seek to highlight the profound influence
that calculus has on shaping our understanding and ability to navigate the complexities of the
world around us. Through this exploration, we aim to bridge the gap between theoretical
mathematical concepts and their tangible, real-world implications.
 Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HCMUT Semester 1 – Calculus 1 – Project Report

THEORY
• Derivative shows the sensitivity of change of a function’s output with respect to the
input.
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

• Integral is the continuous analog of a sum, which is used to calculate areas

𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = lim ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑓(𝑥𝑖)∆𝑥
𝑛→∞
𝑏−𝑎
with ∆𝑥 =
𝑛

• Differential equation is an equation that relates one or more unknown functions and
their derivatives
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑜𝑟 = 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑜𝑟 = 𝑓(𝑦, 𝑦 ′ )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HCMUT Semester 1 – Calculus 1 – Project Report

REAL-LIFE EXAMPLES
Example 1:
Ms.Hang has a factory that produce clothes. She’s thinking about ordering packing for
her clothes. The box is made of cardboard with no lid. The box is square base with height is
h(cm), width is x(cm) and volume of the box is 500 cm3. Find x so that the area of the box is
smallest.

Solution:
500
The equation of the box’s volume is: 𝑉(𝑥, ℎ) = 𝑥 2 ℎ = 500𝑐𝑚3 . So ℎ =
𝑥2
2000
The area of the cardboard is: 𝑆(𝑥, ℎ) = 𝑥 2 + 4ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑥 > 0
𝑥
Now we have equation S(x), we will use Derivative to find out the local minima
2000
We have 𝑆 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − . Then we will draw the graph of equation.
𝑥2
𝑆 ′ (𝑥) = 0 => 𝑥 = 10

We can see that at x=10 the S(x) reachs minimum.

=> At x=10 the area of the cardboard is smallest
 Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HCMUT Semester 1 – Calculus 1 – Project Report

Example 2:
𝑚
An engineer builds a robot that moves with an acceleration of 𝑎(𝑡) = 3𝑡 2 + 𝑡( 2).
𝑠
The initial speed of the object is 2(m/s). This engineer wants to calculate the robot’s speed
after moving at that acceleration for 2 seconds.

Solution:
We know that derivative of velocity if acceleration, so antiderivative of acceleration is
velocity.
2 3
𝑡2
𝑣(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑎(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = ∫(3𝑡 + 𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡 + + 𝐶
2
Known that v(0)=2 => 2 = 0 + 0 + 𝐶 => 𝐶 = 2
𝑡2 𝑚
So 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑡 3 + + 2( )
2 𝑠
22 𝑚
At t=2, the speed of the robot is 𝑣(2) = 23 + + 2 = 12( )
2 𝑠

Example 3:
Suppose that after t years, the invested capital of business generates profits at rate
𝑚𝑖𝑙
𝑃 ′ (𝑡) = 126 + 𝑡 2 ( ). After the first 10 years, how much profits will the business earn.
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

Solution:
We know that derivative of function is rate of its change. So we will do integrating of P(t)
10
2
𝑡 3 10 4780
𝑃(10) = ∫ 126 + 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 126𝑡 + = 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛
0 3 0 3
 Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HCMUT Semester 1 – Calculus 1 – Project Report

Example 4:
One text page of a textbook requires an area of 384cm2. Top and bottom margins are
3cm, left and right margins are 2cm. The optimal size of the page is:
384
Denote x is the length of the paper, so the width is
𝑥
The inside area of the paper is :
384 2034
𝐴(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 6) ( − 4) = −4𝑥 − + 408
𝑥 𝑥
2034
𝐴′ (𝑥) = −4 + 2 and A’(x)=0 => x=24
𝑥
And the graph :

So the optimal size of the paper is maximum value of A(x)

And the largest area is 216 at x=24cm so the length is 24 and width is 16cm

Example 5:
Coffee: A flavorful wake-up call and a comforting companion throughout the day,
making every sip a simple moment of joy. A coffee pot in the form of a circular cylinder of
radius 4in is being filled with water flowing at a constant rate. If the water level is rising at
the rate of 0.4in./sec, what is the rate at which water is flowing into the coffee pot?

Solution:
Let’s denote V(in3) is volume and h(in) is the height of water level in the tank. We have the
tank’s shape is circular cylinder with radius is 4in. Thus the volume of the tank is
𝑉(ℎ) = 𝜋𝑅2 ℎ = 16𝜋ℎ
 Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HCMUT Semester 1 – Calculus 1 – Project Report

Take differentiating this equation with respect to t we obtain:

𝑑𝑉 𝑑ℎ
= 16𝜋
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑡
Since the rate of change of height is 0.4 we have
𝑑𝑉 32𝜋 𝑖𝑛3
= 16𝜋 ∗ 0.4 = ≈ 20.11( )
𝑑𝑇 5 s
𝑖𝑛3
So the water flowing into the café pot at the rate of 20.11( )
𝑠

CODING
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
PROBLEM: = 𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑜𝑟 = 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑜𝑟 = 𝑓(𝑦, 𝑦 ′ )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

First Order Differential Equations (ODE)

Command:
Import: import the library
Symbol(‘variable’): Define the variable
Function(‘function’)(‘variable’): Define the function
Function.diff(‘variable’): Take the derivative of function
Eq(‘left hand side’,’right hand side’): Create a equation
Display(equation): Show the equation on screen
Dsolve(): solve the equation

Example: y’=yx

Import library:

Define variable the function depend on and the function itself:

 Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HCMUT Semester 1 – Calculus 1 – Project Report

Create equation:

𝑑𝑓(𝑥)
**f(x) is y and is y’
𝑑𝑥

Solve for 𝑓(𝑥):

Second Order Differential Equations (Second ODE)

Code:
from sympy.interactive import printing
printing.init_printing(use_latex=True)
from sympy import *
import sympy as sp # Từ dòng này lên là nhập thư viện
x = sp.Symbol('x') # Khai báo biến x
f = sp.Function('f')(x) # Khai báo hàm số theo biến x
diffeq = Eq(f.diff(x),x*f) # tạo phương trình vi phân
display(diffeq) #Hiển thị pt
dsolve(diffeq,f) # Solve
 Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HCMUT Semester 1 – Calculus 1 – Project Report

Example: y”+2y’+y=1
Import the library:

Define the variable the function depend on and the function itself

Create an equation

𝑑2
y’ is written as 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2

Solve for 𝑓(𝑥)

 Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – HCMUT Semester 1 – Calculus 1 – Project Report

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the exploration of the applications of fundamental calculus concepts,
including derivatives, limits, and integrals, has revealed their indispensable role in
addressing real-world challenges across diverse fields. The ability to analyze rates of change,
approach limiting values, and compute accumulated quantities has proven to be a powerful
toolset with wide-ranging implications.

From optimizing business processes to modeling physical phenomena, calculus provides a

robust framework for understanding and solving complex problems. The concept of
derivatives has proven invaluable in determining rates of change and optimizing systems,
while limits offer insights into approaching theoretical values critical in various scientific
and engineering applications. Integrals, on the other hand, enable the calculation of
accumulated quantities, playing a crucial role in areas such as finance, physics, and
engineering.

This exploration underscores the universal applicability of calculus in enhancing our

comprehension of the world around us. As we continue to advance in technology and
scientific discovery, the foundational principles of calculus persist as essential tools, shaping
our ability to analyze, model, and innovate. The integration of these mathematical concepts
into real-world problem-solving demonstrates the enduring significance of calculus in
driving progress across a spectrum of disciplines.

REFERENCES
Wikipedia (https://www.wikipedia.org/)
ChatGPT (https://chat.openai.com/)
Jupyter Notebook
Studocu (https://www.studocu.com/vn/home)