4.

1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT

Functional requirements refer to the specific features and capabilities that a system or
software must have in order to meet the needs and expectations of its users. In the context
of Image Dehazing using Artificial Intelligence and Multi Exposure, some examples of
functional requirements could include:

 The ability to input hazy images for processing and dehazing

 An effective machine learning algorithm for dehazing that can learn from a dataset
of hazy and dehazed images
 The capability to incorporate multi-exposure images to enhance the performance of
the dehazing model
 The ability to output clear and high-quality dehazed images
 The ability to adjust and optimize the parameters of the dehazing algorithm to suit
different types of input images
 User-friendly interface for ease of use and accessibility
 Compatibility with different image formats and resolutions
 Real-time or near real-time processing speed to meet the demands of practical
applications.
 Input and output processing capabilities for hazy and dehazed images
 Machine learning algorithm that can learn from a dataset of hazy and dehazed
images
 Multi-exposure image processing capabilities to enhance dehazing performance
 Clear and high-quality output images with minimal artifacts
 Adjustable parameters for optimal performance on different image types
 User-friendly interface for easy use
 Compatibility with different image formats and resolutions
 Real-time or near real-time processing speed
 Batch processing capabilities
 Ability to process images in different lighting and weather conditions
 Ability to adjust the level of dehazing and enhance specific image features
 Integration with other software or systems
 Ability to handle different types of cameras and devices
 Ability to train and fine-tune the machine learning algorithm
 Compatibility with different scenes and environments
 Cross-platform compatibility
 Error feedback and messaging for users.
4.2 NON FUNTIONAL REQUIREMENT

Non-functional requirements refer to the qualities and characteristics that a system or

software must possess in order to meet performance standards and user expectations. In
the context of Image Dehazing using Artificial Intelligence and Multi Exposure, some
examples of non-functional requirements could include:

 Performance: the system should be able to process images quickly and efficiently,
with minimal lag time or delay
 Accuracy: the system should produce accurate and high-quality dehazed images that
reflect the original scene as closely as possible
 Reliability: the system should function reliably and consistently, without crashing or
encountering errors
 Security: the system should ensure the privacy and security of user data, images, and
information
 Scalability: the system should be able to handle increasing volumes of images and
users as it grows in popularity and usage
 Maintainability: the system should be easy to maintain and update, with minimal
downtime or disruption to users
 Usability: the system should be intuitive and easy to use, with clear instructions and
guidance for users
 Accessibility: the system should be accessible to users with different abilities and
needs, including those with visual or auditory impairments
 Compatibility: the system should be compatible with different operating systems,
browsers, and devices.
 Robustness: the system should be able to handle unexpected inputs or errors
gracefully without crashing or causing harm to the system or user.
 Extensibility: the system should be designed in a way that it can be extended or
modified to incorporate new features or capabilities.
 Portability: the system should be able to run on different platforms without major
modifications or changes.
 Compliance: the system should adhere to industry standards and regulations, such
as those related to data privacy, image processing, and machine learning algorithms.
 Adaptability: the system should be able to adapt to different environmental
conditions, such as changes in lighting or weather, without compromising image
quality or processing speed
 Interoperability: the system should be able to integrate with other software or
systems, such as image editing software, without any compatibility issues
 Responsiveness: the system should be responsive to user inputs and interactions,
with minimal lag or delay
 Error handling: the system should be able to detect and handle errors gracefully,
providing informative error messages to users
 Resource utilization: the system should use computing resources efficiently,
minimizing the amount of processing power and memory required for image
dehazing
 User feedback: the system should provide feedback to users on the progress and
status of image dehazing, as well as options for adjusting parameters or settings
 Customizability: the system should allow users to customize the dehazing process by
adjusting parameters or settings to suit their specific needs or preferences
 Maintainability: the system should be easy to maintain and troubleshoot, with well-
documented code and instructions for developers
 Robustness: the system should be able to handle a wide range of image types and
conditions, without compromising image quality or processing speed
 Ethical considerations: the system should consider ethical implications, such as
avoiding bias or discrimination in image processing, and being transparent about
how user data is used and stored.

4.3 DATASET

A dataset is a collection of data, typically in digital form, that is used as a basis for
research, analysis, or training of machine learning models. In the context of Image
Dehazing using Artificial Intelligence and Multi Exposure, a suitable dataset could
consist of pairs of hazy and clear images, where each hazy image has a
corresponding clear image with the same scene and composition. The dataset should
be large enough to provide sufficient diversity in terms of scenes, lighting, weather
conditions, and other relevant factors, and should be representative of the types of
images the system is expected to process. The dataset could be either publicly
available or collected specifically for the project, depending on the research
objectives and requirements. Additionally, the dataset should be properly labeled
and annotated, indicating the corresponding clear image for each hazy image, as well
as any other relevant metadata such as camera settings or environmental conditions.
Proper data preparation and preprocessing are important for the successful training
and evaluation of machine learning models for Image Dehazing.

In simple terms, a dataset is a collection of data that is used for training and
evaluating machine learning models. For Image Dehazing using Artificial Intelligence
and Multi Exposure, a suitable dataset should consist of pairs of hazy and clear
images, and should be large and diverse enough to represent a range of scenes and
conditions. The dataset should also be properly labeled and annotated to facilitate
model training and evaluation. Proper data preparation is crucial for successful
machine learning model development.

A dataset is a collection of data used to train and evaluate machine learning models.
For Image Dehazing using Artificial Intelligence and Multi Exposure, the dataset
should include pairs of hazy and clear images that represent a range of scenes and
conditions. The dataset should be properly labeled and annotated to aid in model
training and evaluation. Preparing the data correctly is important for developing a
successful machine learning model.

4.4 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The hardware and software requirements for Image Dehazing using Artificial
Intelligence and Multi Exposure will depend on the specific implementation and the
scale of the project. However, some general requirements include:

Hardware:

A computer or server with a modern processor (e.g. Intel Core i5 or higher)

 Sufficient RAM (e.g. 8 GB or higher) for image processing and machine learning tasks
A dedicated GPU (e.g. Nvidia GeForce or AMD Radeon) for accelerated machine
learning tasks
Sufficient storage space to store the dataset and trained models
Software:

Operating system (e.g. Windows, macOS, or Linux)

Python programming language (version 3.5 or higher)
Machine learning frameworks such as TensorFlow, Keras, or PyTorch
Image processing libraries such as OpenCV or Pillow
Additionally, specialized hardware such as an FPGA or ASIC accelerator may be
required for more demanding applications. The specific software and hardware
requirements will vary depending on the project's needs and objectives.

To implement Image Dehazing using Artificial Intelligence and Multi Exposure, a

computer or server with a modern processor, sufficient RAM, a dedicated GPU, and
sufficient storage space will be required. The necessary software includes an
operating system, Python programming language, machine learning frameworks like
TensorFlow or PyTorch, and image processing libraries like OpenCV or Pillow. More
advanced projects may require specialized hardware like an FPGA or ASIC
accelerator. The specific hardware and software requirements will depend on the
project's needs and objectives.

5.1 DESIGN GOALS

The design goals for Image Dehazing using Artificial Intelligence and Multi Exposure
can be summarized as follows:

 Accuracy: The primary goal of the project is to develop a machine learning model
that accurately dehazes images and produces high-quality results.

 Efficiency: The model should be efficient and able to process images quickly, making
it practical for real-world applications.

 Robustness: The model should be able to handle different types of hazy images,
including those captured under various lighting and weather conditions.

 Scalability: The model should be able to scale up to process large datasets, as well as
handle real-time processing of streaming data.
 User-friendliness: The final product should be user-friendly, with a simple and
intuitive interface that is easy to use for both technical and non-technical users.

Overall, the design goals aim to create a high-quality, efficient, and robust solution
that can be easily integrated into existing workflows and applications.

The design goals for Image Dehazing using Artificial Intelligence and Multi Exposure
are focused on creating an accurate, efficient, robust, scalable, and user-friendly
solution. The project aims to develop a machine learning model that can effectively
remove haze from images and produce high-quality results. The model should also
be efficient enough to process images quickly, making it practical for real-world
applications. Additionally, the model should be able to handle different types of hazy
images and scale up to process large datasets or handle real-time processing of
streaming data. Finally, the solution should be user-friendly, with an intuitive
interface that is easy to use for both technical and non-technical users. Overall, the
design goals aim to create a solution that is effective, efficient, and easy to use in a
variety of applications.

Sure, here is some additional information on the design goals for Image Dehazing
using Artificial Intelligence and Multi Exposure:

 Accuracy: To achieve high accuracy, the machine learning model will need to be
trained on a diverse and representative dataset of hazy and non-hazy images. The
model will need to learn the complex relationships between the input hazy image
and the desired non-hazy output image. Various evaluation metrics will be used to
measure the accuracy of the model, such as PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) and
SSIM (Structural Similarity Index).

 Efficiency: Efficiency is crucial for real-world applications, as it ensures that the

model can process images quickly and effectively. To achieve high efficiency, the
model will need to be optimized for speed and memory usage, and the appropriate
hardware and software will need to be selected. Techniques such as pruning,
quantization, and model compression may be used to reduce the computational cost
of the model.

 Robustness: The model should be robust and able to handle different types of hazy
images, including those captured under various lighting and weather conditions. This
can be achieved by training the model on a diverse dataset that includes a wide
range of hazy images with different levels of haze, color, and lighting. The model
should also be evaluated on a range of hazy images to ensure that it performs
consistently across different inputs.
 Scalability: The model should be able to scale up to process large datasets, as well as
handle real-time processing of streaming data. This can be achieved by optimizing
the model architecture and implementing distributed training techniques to
accelerate the training process. Additionally, the appropriate hardware and software
infrastructure will need to be in place to support large-scale processing.

 User-friendliness: The final product should be user-friendly and easy to use for both
technical and non-technical users. This can be achieved by developing a simple and
intuitive interface that allows users to upload hazy images, adjust settings, and view
the output images. Additionally, documentation and tutorials should be provided to
help users understand how to use the solution effectively.
5.2 DATA FLOW

Data flow refers to the movement of data between different components or stages of a
system or process. In the context of an image dehazing system using AI and multi-exposure,
the data flow would involve capturing multiple images of the same scene at different
exposures and feeding them into the system as input. The system would then use its AI
algorithms to process the images and remove the haze or fog from them, before outputting
a clear, dehazed image. The data flow would also involve the transfer of the processed
images between different stages of the system, such as between the pre-processing stage
and the AI model, or between the AI model and the post-processing stage. The data flow is
critical to the overall performance and efficiency of the system, and needs to be carefully
designed and optimized to ensure that the system can handle large volumes of data and
produce accurate and high-quality results.

In addition to the data flow between different stages of the system, there may also be data
flow between different hardware or software components. For example, the images may
need to be stored temporarily in memory or on disk before being processed by the AI
model. The output from the AI model may need to be passed to a post-processing stage,
such as color correction or sharpening, before being output as a final image. This requires
careful management of the data flow and coordination between the different components
to ensure that the system operates smoothly and efficiently.

Data flow also involves considerations of data privacy and security. In the case of image
dehazing, the input images may contain sensitive or confidential information that needs to
be protected from unauthorized access or disclosure. Similarly, the processed images may
need to be securely transmitted or stored to prevent data breaches or other security
incidents. This requires the use of appropriate encryption and access control mechanisms to
safeguard the data and ensure compliance with relevant data protection regulations.

Overall, the design of the data flow is an important aspect of the image dehazing system,
and needs to be carefully planned and executed to ensure the efficient and secure
processing of data, as well as the production of accurate and high-quality output.

Data flow is the movement of data between different stages of the image dehazing system,
as well as between different hardware and software components. It involves managing the
input and output of images, as well as the intermediate results produced by the different
processing stages. Effective data flow is critical to the performance and accuracy of the
system, and requires careful coordination and management of the various data sources,
processing tools, and output destinations.

The data flow in an image dehazing system may include multiple stages, such as image pre-
processing, AI model training, model evaluation and selection, and image post-processing.
Each stage requires specific input and output data, and may produce intermediate results
that need to be passed to subsequent stages. This requires a well-designed data flow
architecture that ensures that the right data is available at the right time and in the right
format.
5.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram in UML that illustrates the interactions
between objects or components in a system over time. It shows the messages exchanged
between the different components or objects, and the order in which they occur. In an
image dehazing system, a sequence diagram can be used to visualize the flow of data and
messages between different system components during the processing of an image.

A typical sequence diagram for an image dehazing system might include components such
as the input module, image pre-processing module, AI model module, output module, and
post-processing module. The sequence diagram would show the order of interactions
between these components, starting with the input of a hazy image, followed by pre-
processing steps such as noise reduction and color correction, then the application of the AI
model to the image data, and finally the output of a dehazed image, which may undergo
additional post-processing steps.

The sequence diagram would also show the messages exchanged between the components
during each step of the process. For example, the input module might send a message to
the pre-processing module to initiate the image pre-processing steps, and then wait for a
response indicating that the pre-processing is complete before sending the processed image
data to the AI model module. Similarly, the AI model module might send messages to the
output module to trigger the output of the dehazed image, along with any relevant
metadata or post-processed data. The sequence diagram provides a clear visualization of
the flow of data and messages between the different components, helping to identify
potential bottlenecks or errors in the system design.

A sequence diagram is a graphical representation of the interactions among objects or

components in a system. It shows the sequence of messages exchanged between different
components in a system, along with their corresponding time intervals. The primary purpose
of a sequence diagram is to depict the behavior of a system, and it is often used to model
complex interactions between components. It can help developers to visualize and
understand the behavior of a system, and to identify potential design issues before they
become serious problems.
A sequence diagram is a visual representation of the interactions between different
components or objects in a system, showing the order in which messages are sent and
received. It can help developers to understand the behavior of a system and identify
potential issues in the design.
A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram that shows the interactions between
objects or components in a system over time. It is a graphical representation of the
interactions among different components or objects, showing the sequence of messages
exchanged between them.
In a sequence diagram, objects or components are represented by lifelines, which are
depicted as vertical lines. The messages exchanged between the components are
represented by arrows or vertical lines between the lifelines.

The primary purpose of a sequence diagram is to depict the behavior of a system, and it is
often used to model complex interactions between components. It can help developers to
visualize and understand the behavior of a system, and to identify potential design issues
before they become serious problems.

To create a sequence diagram, you need to identify the different components or objects in
the system and the messages exchanged between them. You can use a number of notations
to represent these components and messages, including UML (Unified Modeling Language)
and various other graphical notations.

Once you have identified the components and messages, you can create the sequence
diagram by drawing the lifelines and the messages between them. You can also add various
annotations and notes to provide additional information about the interactions.

Overall, a sequence diagram can be a powerful tool for modeling and understanding
complex systems. By providing a visual representation of the interactions between different
components or objects, it can help developers to identify potential issues and improve the
overall design of the system.

Here's a more detailed explanation of sequence diagrams:

A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram that shows the interactions between
different components or objects in a system over time. It is a graphical representation of the
interactions among different components or objects, showing the sequence of messages
exchanged between them.

In a sequence diagram, each object or component is represented by a vertical line known as

a lifeline. The lifeline represents the lifetime of the object or component and the duration of
its interactions with other objects or components.
The messages exchanged between the components are represented by arrows or vertical
lines between the lifelines. The arrow or line represents the flow of control or
communication between the components.

The messages in a sequence diagram can be synchronous or asynchronous. A synchronous

message is one in which the sender waits for a response from the receiver before
proceeding. An asynchronous message is one in which the sender does not wait for a
response from the receiver before proceeding.

A sequence diagram can also include various types of notations and annotations to provide
additional information about the interactions. For example, you can use different arrow
styles or colors to represent different types of messages, or you can add text notes to
provide additional context or details.

One of the primary benefits of using a sequence diagram is that it can help developers to
understand the behavior of a system and identify potential design issues. By providing a
visual representation of the interactions between different components or objects,
developers can more easily see how the system is working and identify areas where
improvements can be made.

Overall, sequence diagrams are a powerful tool for modeling complex systems and
understanding how they work. They can help developers to identify potential issues and
improve the overall design of the system, making it more efficient, effective, and reliable.

A use case is a technique used in software development to identify and describe how a
system or application should behave in response to certain user interactions or scenarios. It
is a detailed description of a specific task or function that a user performs while interacting
with a system or application. Use cases are typically used to help define and clarify
requirements for a system or application, and to ensure that the system meets the needs of
its users.

The following is an example use case for the image dehazing project:

Use Case: Dehaze Image

Primary Actor: User

Goal: To use the system to dehaze an image

Preconditions:

 The user has access to the system

 The user has an image that they want to dehaze
 The image contains haze or fog
Main Flow:

 The user starts the system

 The system displays a menu of available functions
 The user selects the "Dehaze Image" option
 The system prompts the user to upload the image they want to dehaze
 The user uploads the image
 The system processes the image to remove the haze
 The system displays the dehazed image to the user
 The user has the option to save the dehazed image to their computer or device
Postconditions:

The system has dehazed the image

The user has the option to save the dehazed image to their computer or device
Alternative Flows:

If the user does not have an image to dehaze, the system will prompt the user to upload an
image
If the image does not contain any haze or fog, the system will display an error message and
prompt the user to upload a different image
If the user selects the "Cancel" option at any point during the process, the system will return
to the main menu

A use case is a description of the specific actions or interactions between a system and an
external actor to achieve a specific goal or objective. It helps to understand how a system
behaves in different situations and how users interact with it. Use cases are typically
represented in a diagram or a narrative form that outlines the flow of events and actors
involved in achieving a specific goal. They are an important aspect of software development
as they help to identify requirements and design specifications for a system.