UNIT-I, WIRING COMPONENTS, TOOLS & SAFETY DEVICES

1. IE Rules Of Safety: -
 Need:-
I. To avoid the electrical shock to the human being and to provide safe guard.
II. To minimize the chances of fire hazard in the consumer premises or in installation network.
III. To get uniformness to everybody in our country.
IV. For the better control simple and smooth operation of the electrical devices.
V. To minimize the chances of mechanical and electrical accidents

 IE rules
I. IE Rule 3 : Authorization
II. IE Rule 29 : Construction and maintenance of electrical supply line and apparatus
III. IE Rule 30: Service line and apparatus on consumer’s premises.
IV. IE Rule 31: Cut out on consumer premises.
V. IE Rule 32: Identification of earthed and earthed neutral conductor and position of switches
and cut outs therein
VI. IE Rule 33: Earthed terminal on consumer’s premises.
VII. IE Rule 34: Accessibility of bare conductors
VIII. IE Rule 35: Danger boards notices
IX. IE Rule 36: Handling of electrical supply line and apparatus.
X. IE Rule 37: Supply to vehicles, cranes etc.
XI. IE Rule 38: Cable for portable or transportable apparatus.
XII. IE Rule 41: Distinction of different circuits.
XIII. IE Rule 41A: Distinction of the installations having more than one feed
XIV. IE Rule 42: Accidental charges
XV. IE Rule 43: Provision applicable to protective equipment’s.
XVI. IE Rule 44: Instruction for restoration of persons suffering from electrical shock.
XVII. IE Rule 44A: Intimation of accidents
XVIII. IE Rule 45: Precautions to be adopted by consumers, owners, occupiers, electrical
contractors, electrical workman and suppliers.
XIX. IE Rule 46: Periodical inspection and testing of consumer’s installation.
XX. IE Rule 48: Precaution against leakage before connection.
XXI. IE Rule 49: Leakage on consumers premises
XXII. IE Rule 50: Supply and use of energy.
XXIII. IE Rule 54: Declared voltage of supply to consumers
XXIV. IE Rule 55: Declared frequency of supply to consumer
XXV. IE Rule 56: Sealing of meters and cutouts
XXVI. IE Rule 60: Test for resistance of insulation
XXVII. IE Rule 61: Connection with earth

2. Safety Tools Used In Wiring: -

I. Combination pliers OR pliers: It is used for cutting of wires, gripping operation by hand, twisting
wires and other different operations required in electrical work

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 II. Nose pliers : To hold and tight the wires

III. Screw Driver: For loosening or tightening or to keep screws in position.

IV. Knife: For removing insulation of wires or cleaning the wires.

V. Crimping tools: for crimping of the lugs for wires and cables

VI. Cutter: To cut the wire and remove the insulation

VII. Tester : To verify the live main or supply verification

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 VIII. Continuity Tester: To determine whether wiring is broken & whether electrical ckts are complete.

OR
IX. Hammer : To fix and extract screws, to apply pressure & weight, Bending of wires

X. Wire Gauge: To measuring the thickness of a cable and wire. (or diameter)

XI. Wire Stripper OR Cutter cum Insulation Remover: To cut the wire & remove the insulation of the
wire.

XII. Test lamps: To check the supply voltage, Verification of voltage & current in the system and also
check the open circuit fault.
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 3. Safety Accessories Or Used Of Safety Accessories: -
I. Safety Rubber Hand Gloves: The safety rubber hand gloves are always used for online work to
insulate the human body or operator from the electrical supply.
The danger of electrical shocks from leakage current is also avoided from rubber hand gloves,
the hand gloves manufactured for various operating voltages for LT line up to 600V it is differently
manufactured and for 11KV and 33KV etc it is differently designed and manufactured.
II. Safety Boots OR Safety Shoes: The safety boots or safety shoes are always used for online work
to insulate the human body or operator from the electrical supply.
III. Safety Rubber Mats: The Rubber mats are always used in the front of all control panels and if
required switchboards.
The main purpose of rubber mat is at the time of earth fault or earth leakage current operators
(human body) are isolated from ground or earth i.e. why danger of electrical shock is avoided.
IV Safety Goggles: It is used to protect the eyes from radiation exposure while electric welding or
other electric work.

4. Components With Specification Used In Wiring System: -

I. Different Types Of Iron Clad Switches: - It is also called as iron clad switch & its control
equipment which connects or disconnects the main supply.
Switch fuse is a combined unit & is known as iron clad switch, being made of iron. There are two
main types according to type of supply, DPIC OR ICDP & TPIC OR ICTP
a. DPIC OR ICDP: - It means Double pole iron clad OR Iron clad double pole. Its function is
for cut off operation of single phase supply.
The standard specifications of ICDP available in the market:
The ICDP are available in single phase, 6A, 16A, 32A, 45A, 60A ect. 240 volts grade of any
make approved by BIS (Bureau of Indian standards) or ISI.
b. TPIC OR ICTP: - It means Triple pole iron clad OR Iron clad triple pole. Its function is for
cut off operation of Three phase supply.
The standard specifications of ICTP available in the market:
The ICTP are available in three phase, 32A, 60A, 100A, 200A, 300A, ect. 440 volts (500V)
grade of any make approved by BIS (Bureau of Indian standards) or ISI.

II. Distribution Boards (DB): - It is an assembly of parts including one or more fuses or ckt breakers,
arranged for the distribution of electrical energy to various ckt or other distribution boards.
Its function to distribute the lighting & power load.
Standard Specifications: -
Distribution Box OR Distribution Board lighting: -
Material : I.C. (Iron clad) Distribution Box or Fuse Board
Way : 2/3/4/5/6 way
Rating : 15A/30A/60A/100A ect.
Grade : 250V grade
Arrangement of Neutral: With Neutral Link
Distribution Board Power OR Bus-bar Panel Power: -
Material : I.C. (Iron clad)
No. of ckt or ways : 2 to 15 way depending upon outlets required
Grade : 500V / 660 V grade
Arrangement of Neutral: With Neutral Link or Neutral Bus Bar
Bus Bars : Three as for 3 phases
Size of Bus Bars : Cross-sectional * Length
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 Fuses : No. of fuses on each phase

III. Switches: - It is a device for making or breaking the electric ckt in a convenient way i.e. by the
simple motion of a knob or handle to connect together or disconnect two terminals to which wires or
cables are connected. This is a function of an ordinary single pole single way switch for switching
lamps ON & OFF.
Classification: -
a. According to The Type of Base Material: - Porcelain or Bakelite switches
b. According to The Colour of Base: - Either white or black or brown coloured switches.
c. According to The Operation Required: -
1. One-way switch (SPST)
2. Two way switch (SPDT)
3. DP (Double Pole Main switch) or DPDT
4. TPDT
5. TP
6. Intermediate switch
OR
1. Tumbler switch
2. Piyano type switch
3. Pull switch
4. Push button switch
5. Flush switch
6. Rotary switch
Standard Specifications: -
Rating : 5A /15A
Way : One way / two ways
Material : Bakelite or Bakelite with porcelain base
Type : 250 V of any make approved by ISI

IV. Socket Outlets: - They are used to supply electrical connection whenever required for electrical
appliances such as TV, Radio, Table fan, Table Lamp, Iron, heater etc.
Standard Specifications: -
Rating : 5 A OR 15 A
Working Voltage : 250 Volts of any make approved by ISI
Material : White, Bakelite
Contacts : 2 pin, 3 pin, 5 pin (for multipurpose 5A / 15A combined) contact made of
brass.

V. Plugs: - They are used to collect the supply from the sockets outlets for electrical appliances such as
TV, Radio, Table fan, Table Lamp, Iron, heater etc.
Standard Specifications: -
Rating : 5 A OR 15 A
Working Voltage : 250 Volts of any make approved by ISI
Material : White, Heavy Bakelite for heavy duty plug.

Contacts : 2 pin, 3 pin, 5 pin (for multipurpose 5A / 15A combined) contact made of
brass.

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 VI. Lamp Holders: - It is to hold the lamp & to connect it electrically to supply terminals.
Classification: -
a. Batten holder :- Used directly on the roof
b. Pendant or cored grip holder:- Used at ceiling fans
c. Angle holder: - Used when the lamps are to be fixed up directly on the wall & to give light at an
angle.
d. Bracket holder:- Used at a particular places.

Standard Specifications: -
Rating :5A
Working Voltage : 250 Volts of any make approved by ISI
Material : White, Bakelite

VII. MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker): - It is used to trip the ckt when there is overload & S.C.
fault. At normal condition it act as a switch.
The standard specifications of MCB available in the market:
1. Single pole
2. Two pole
3. Three pole
4. Four pole
5. For available current rating: 0.5A, 1A, 1.6A, 2A, 5A, 6A, 10A, 16A, 20A, 25A, 30A, 32A, 40A,
50A, 60A and 63A 250V and 450 V.

Que: - State any two advantages of MCB over Fuse.

Ans: 1. No need of replacement of fuse wire.
2. Manually restore of supply is simple.
3. Fault understanding by visual inspection
4. More safe than fuse

VIII. ELCB- (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) : - An Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) is a
device used to directly detect currents leaking to earth from an installation and cut the power and
avoid the person from getting shock.
There are two types of ELCBs:
1. Voltage Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (voltage-ELCB)
2. Current Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (Current-ELCB).
OR
Earth leakage circuit breaker is a safety device used in electrical installations with high earth
impedance to prevent shocks and disconnect power under earth fault conditions. Works on principle
of relaying when the current in the earth path exceeds a set value. ELCB is used for protection against
electric leakage in the circuit of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, rated voltage single phase 230 V, 3 ph. 400 V. Rated
current up to 60 Amp. When the earth fault occurs, the ELCB cuts off the power within 0.1 sec.
automatically to protect the personnel.
The standard specifications of ELCB available in the market:
1. There are three categories as per the sensitivity :
’ B’ class ELCB for residential,
‘C’ Class ELCB for commercial and
‘D’ class ELCB for industrial.
2. The ELCB are available in 100 mA, 300 mA, 500 mA and 1000 mA
3. The low sensitivity ELCB are used for electrical machine the rating is in between the 3A to 10 A

Que : MCB and ELCB with connection diagram supplying single phase load.

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 IX. RCB (Residual ckt breaker) or RCCB ( Residual current ckt breaker) : - It is a device
used to detect directly earth fault current from an installation & cut off the ckt from power supply &
avoid electrical shock to the person.
Standard specifications:
The RCCB are available in 100 mA, 300 mA, 500 mA and 1000 mA

X. Wires: - It is a single core may be bare or covered with insulation is known as wire.
Classification:-
i) VIR (Vulcanized Indian OR insulated rubber):-used for ordinary electrical wiring such as in the
case of casing capping system of wiring.
ii) PVC ( Poly vinyl chloride) Insulated wires:- used in conduit wiring system.
iii) TRS (Tough rubber sheathed) OR CTS (Cab type sheathed) wires: - used in places exposed to
moisture.
Specifications: - Cu or Al conductor, single core, 250V/660V grade, PVC insulated wire of any make
approved by ISI.
Application: - used for LT supply.

XI. Cables: - Several wires stranded together are known as cable.

Classification:-
i) Armored & ii) Unarmored or flexible.
Application: - Used for LT & HT supply.
Specifications: - 7/3.55 mm,7/1.77 mm,19/2.24 mm etc. ; Cu or Al conductor; single core,2 core, 3
core , 4 core etc.; 250V/660V grade, PVC insulated wire of any make approved by ISI.

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