INSTITUTION : DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPERTMENT : ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

COURSE : BACHELER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONIC ENGINERING

UNIT : WORKSHOP PRACTICE 2

UNIT CODE : EEE1203

TASK :1 WAY LIGHTING CIRCUIT WIRING

EXPERIMENT DATE : 06/07/2022

SUBMISSION DATE : 13/02/2022
GROUP 4
GROUP MEMBERS REG. SIGN

1. Maureen Mumbe E021-01-1180/2022

2. Moki Daniel E021-01-1520/2022
3. Wilfred Angaha E021-01-1241/2022
4. .John Kipngetich E021-01-2430/2022
5. Godfrey Njangi E021-01-2442/2022
6. Joseph Wambugu EO21-01-1230/2022
7. Macrey Bwalei E021-01-1226/2022
INTRODUCTION
A wiring system is a setup that includes various components such as a conductor insulator,
mechanical protection, and electrical accessories. Its purpose is to serve as a connection between
the power supply and the consumption of power through the accessories. There are several types
of lighting wiring systems, including one-way and two-way wiring systems.
The text mentions that it is essential to plan a wiring system to prevent loss to the consumer. In
their exercise, they successfully installed a one-way wiring circuit. This type of circuit allows a
bulb to be controlled (switched) from one point or position using a one-way switch. The one
gang one-way switch used in this circuit is connected in such a way that it can only switch one
bulb at a time.
In their case, they wired two bulbs, each controlled by its own one gang one-way switch (S1 and
S2). The main power source was a consumer control unit with a 10-ampere breaker. They
connected the power from the consumer control unit using a sheathed cable with two insulated
conductors (red for the live conductor and black for the neutral conductor) and some earth
strands in the middle. The live wire was connected to the 10-ampere breaker, the neutral wire to
the neutral loop, and the earth wire to the earth loop. After tapping power from the consumer
control unit, they connected the live wire to the common terminal of switch S1. From there, they
connected another wire from the L1 terminal of switch S1 to one terminal of the first bulb. They
then connected another wire from the second terminal of the first bulb to the common terminal of
switch S2. From the L1 terminal of switch S2, they connected another wire to one terminal of the
second bulb. Finally, they connected a wire from the second terminal of the second bulb to the
neutral wire.
In this setup, when switch S1 is turned on, it completes the circuit for the first bulb, allowing
current to flow and light up the bulb. Similarly, when switch S2 is turned on, it completes the
circuit for the second bulb. This allows them to control each bulb independently using its
respective switch.
The text concludes by noting that proper planning and installation of a wiring system can prevent
loss to the consumer and ensure efficient use of power. By using appropriate switches, cables,
and accessories, it is possible to create a safe and reliable wiring system that meets our needs.
THEORY
Electrical wiring refers to an electrical system that consists of cabling and associated devices
such as switches, distribution boards, plugs, and light fixtures in a building. The installation of
wiring is subject to safety standards and regulations. The types and sizes of wires and cables that
are allowed are determined by factors such as the circuit operating voltage, electric current
capability, and environmental conditions such as temperature range, moisture levels, and
exposure to sunlight and chemicals. Circuit protection, control, and distribution devices within a
building's wiring system must meet voltage, current, and functional specifications. Wiring safety
codes vary by location.
Uses of several types of wire:
Triplex electrical wires are used in single-phase service drop conductors and consist of two insulated
aluminum wires wrapped with a third bare wire used as a common neutral.

 Main feeder electrical wires connect the service weather head to the house and are made of stranded or
solid THHN wire.
 Panel feed electrical wires are typically black insulated THHN wire and are used to power the main
junction box and circuit breaker panels.
 Non-metallic sheathed electrical wires, or Romex, are used in most buildings and consist of two to
three conductors with plastic insulation and a bare ground wire, all protected by a non-metallic sheath.
 Single strand electrical wires use THHN wire and are commonly used in layouts that use pipes to
contain wires. Multiple wires can be drawn together through a pipe.

It is important to choose the right type of wire for the intended application to ensure the safety
and reliability of the electrical system. Proper installation and adherence to safety codes and
regulations can help prevent accidents and ensure that the wiring system functions as intended.
TOOLS AND ACCESORIES
ACCESSORIES
I. Consumer control unit
II. Two junction boxes
III. Two straight battened bulb holders
IV. Two single pattress
V. Two one gang one-way switches
VI. 15 buckle clips
VII. 2600 mm(1.5mm2) sheathed cable
VIII. 15 tuck nails
IX. 32 wood screws

TOOLS
I. Flat screw drivers
II. Star screw driver
III. Spirit level
IV. Steel rule
V. Phase tester
VI. Ball pen hammer
VII. Pliers

PROCEDURE
1. A representation of the wiring diagram was drawn using chalk considering appropriate
measurements.
2. The accessories were positioned on the board and their alignment individually checked
using a spirit level before mounting.
3. They were then mounted using screwdrivers.
4. The shift cable was cut according to various specific length.
5. The cables were then measured accordingly to their accessories and stripped using a pair
of pliers.
6. The cables were then family mounted on the wall using buckle clips and tuck nails
according to the diagram.
7. The Live, earth and the neutral wire were terminated on the consumer control unit at their
specific positions.
8. The live was terminated at switch one and the three conductors further distributed in the
junction box.
9. In the junction box, the live was terminated to terminal one, the neutral was terminated
on another terminal I.e., terminal 2
10. The live was then fed to the 2-gang switch and the earth wire and neutral wire used for
bulb1 and bulb 2 respectively from terminal one.
11. The neutral was connected to be same for bulb 1 and bulb 2 from terminal 2.
12. The live and earth wire carrying current were terminated in the live for bulb 1 and bulb 2.

DISSCUSSION
The exercise demonstrated that electrical wiring refers to the use of insulated conductors to carry
electricity and associated devices. An overlay diagram of the electric wiring was drawn on the
board using a chalk and a steel rule for accurate measurements, and the CCU, pattresses, and
lamps were mounted on the board according to the diagram. Insulated conductors were used to
avoid mechanical damage, with the insulation stripped at the ends to allow for electrical
conduction along the circuit. Great care was taken to avoid exposing naked cables, which could
lead to electric shock. The knowledge and coordination of the group members ensured the
successful operation of the circuit.
There are several advantages to using one-way switching. One-way switches are suitable for use when there is
only one switch for a light, such as in a bedroom ceiling light. They are the cheapest and most basic type of
switch available on the market, operating as a make or break switch. When turned on, the two terminals are
connected, and when turned off, the contact between them is broken. One-way switches use simple wiring and
ensure that there is only one place to turn the light on and off, avoiding confusion.Tne-way switches are most
suitable for use in certain locations, such as outside a toilet, in the kitchen, or for domestic appliances. These
locations may benefit from the simplicity and ease of use of one-way switches.

SOURCES OF ERRORS
Here are several common mistakes to avoid when installing a wiring system. Some of these
include:
Inadequate planning and preparation: Taking incorrect measurements, for example, can lead to a
poor layout that does not meet safety standards or fails to accommodate necessary components1.
Insufficient knowledge and experience: Not having enough knowledge or experience with the
tools and equipment can lead to incorrect wiring methods that may compromise safety in the
long run1.
Poor quality or inappropriate wiring materials: Using materials that are not suitable for the job
can result in a wiring system that is not safe or reliable1.
Overloading circuits and devices: Incorrectly sizing circuits and devices, double tapping
breakers, or connecting supply lines incorrectly can result in overloaded circuits and devices1.
Neglecting electrical codes and regulations: Failing to follow local laws or regulations may result
in wiring installations that fall short of legal requirements1.
Using unapproved or unsafe electrical devices: Using devices that are not approved or safe can
result in a hazardous wiring system1.
Failing to test and inspect the wiring system: Not testing and inspecting the wiring system can
result in undetected issues that may compromise safety1.
Ignoring safety precautions and hazards: Failing to take necessary safety precautions or ignoring
potential hazards can result in a dangerous wiring system1.
By avoiding these common mistakes, you can ensure that your wiring system is installed safely
and correctly.
RECCOMENDATIONS
 Place the spirit level on the accessories before mounting on the board
 All cabling of Wires should be tight and corners should be at angles of 90 degrees.
 The cabling and wiring should be inspected first and tested before connecting to the
power source.
REFERENCES
 https://www.familyhandyman.com/list/7-common-mistakes-diyers-make-with-electrical-
projects/
 https://www.proelectrician.com.my/blog/common-mistakes-to-avoid-during-electrical-
wiring-installation