KEE2353/A221

KEE2353
ENGINEERING PRACTICE
(AMALAN KEJURUTERAAN)

SEMESTER I ACADEMIC SESSION 2022/2023

DATE: OCTOBER 2022 ASSESSMENT: LAB 2

ELECTRICAL WIRING

PROGRAMME ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

GROUP ID GB1

STUDENT'S NAME AHMAD KHAIDIR BIN SALIHUDIN

STUDENT'S ID 1202075

STUDENT'S NAME LUQMAN HAKIM BIN JAMALUDIN

STUDENT'S ID 1202085

STUDENT'S NAME MUHAMMAD ANWAR HAIQAL BIN EMRAN

STUDENT'S ID 1202079

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Title: Electrical Wiring

Objective:
1. Recognize the electrical wiring diagram and installation procedure.
2. Connect cables/wires to connected devices (e.g., fuse, switches, sockets,
lights, fans, etc.) and the main distribution board to demonstrate the electrical
wiring technique.

List of devices:
NO DEVICES FUNCTION SIZE IMAGE

1 Wiring tools Used to do the electrical

(Pliers,scre work like electrical wiring
wdriver,test installations by using this
pen,tape, tool we can do the -
Screw) installation of electrical
wire properly and quickly.

2 Wiring Provides a compact

board location/space for wiring
and the components.
-

3 Related Main devices that want to

devices use in the wiring.
(fluorescent 1.Fluorescent lamp- Used -
lamp, in lighting houses, shops,
switch, offices & the underground
socket, lamp

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holder) metro
2.Switch- Disconnect or
connect the conducting
path in an electrical circuit

3.Socket- Allow us to plug

in appliances to attach
them to the electrical grid
and provide power for
them to run
4.Lamp holder- To hold
the lamp
4 Cables/ To transfer electrical
wires energy to the point where
we want to connect the
load
-

5 Digital A digital multimeter, or

Multimeter DMM, measures and
verifies multiple electrical -
stimuli, including voltage,
current and resistance.

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Introduction:
The electrical installation of cabling and associated equipment in a structure, such as
switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings, is known as wiring. A wiring
diagram is a graphical representation of an electric circuit in which the loop
components and signal connections between devices and the power source are
depicted as simplified shapes using established procedures. Understanding basic
wiring terminology and recognising the most prevalent types of wire and cable will
aid in the study and selection of wiring for new installation and remodelling projects.
During this lab session, students will be able to study various forms of electrical wire
networks, switching, electrical devices, and so on.This lab involves with one-way
switch,two-way switch,one outlet socket(radial connection) and one outlet
socket(ring connection) using of live wire,neutral and earth.

Procedures:
1. Before beginning the assignment, complete the Hazard Identification, Risk
Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) form.
2. Before you begin circuit 1,2,3 and 4,make sure turn off the power to the
distribution box (DB) and any circuits that were previously active.

Figure 1

Circuit 1: Fluorescent Lamp

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1. Connect a red wire (with a diameter of 1.5mm) from the fluorescent lamp to
the one-way switch. Connect the switch to the DB with another red wire.

Figure 1.1
2. Connect the green PVC insulated cable (earth wire) to any section of the light
casing as well as the DB/main switch. Because fluorescent lights have a
metal shell, they must have an earth wire. If there is a leak and no ground
wire, we may be shocked by electricity.

Figure 1.2
3. Finally, connect the natural wire, which is the black PVC-insulated cable, to
the lamp and the DB/main power supply and test the complete wiring as the

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figure 1.3.If the buzzer at multimeter make sound,that means our wire
connected.Test the complete wiring as per testing procedure.

Figure 1.3

Circuit 2: Two-way switch with two bulb

1. Connect a red wire (with a diameter of 1.5mm) between the L2 and L3 and
carry on with the connection to S2 and S3 to make junction.Then live wire
from S2 connected to DB as shown in figure 2.1

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Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2

Figure 2.1
2. Next, connected the earth wire(green wire) to E port of L2 and L3 to DB.It is
important to have earth wire to prevent electrical shocked if there was any
leakage happen.
3. Lastly, connected the natural wire(black wire) between the L2 and L3 to the
main supply.After that, test the complete wiring as per testing procedure.

Circuit 3: Socket Wiring (Radial connection)

1. Connect a red PVC insulated wire (diameter 2.5mm) from the L port inside S1 to
the miniature circuit breaker (MCB) inside the DB/main switch as the Live Wire.
Connect a wire of the same type between S1 and S2 in the L port.

Figure 3.1

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2. Next, connect the green PVC insulated cable (earth wire) to the E port of S1 and
to the DB/main switch. If there is any leakage and there is no earth wire, we
might get electricity shocked. Connect a same type wire between S1 and S2 in
E port.
3. Lastly, tie the natural wire which is the black PVC insulated cable to the N port
of S1 and S2 to the DB/main supply.Test the complete wiring as per testing
procedure.

Circuit 4: Socket Wiring (Ring connection)

1. Connect a red PVC insulated wire (diameter 2.5mm) which is live wire from L
port inside the S1 to the miniature circuit breaker (MCB) inside the
DB.Connected a same typed wire between the S1,S2,S3 and S4 in L port to
make junction.
2. After that, connected the earth wire(green wire) to the E port of S1 and the
DB.Connected a same type wire between the S1,S2,S3 and S4 in E port to
also make junction.

Figure 4.1
3. Lastly, tie the natural wire(black wire) to the N port of S1,S2,S3 and S4 to
make junction as the figure 4.1 to the main supply(DB).Test the wiring with
multimeter as the figure 1.3 to make sure the wire connected.Test the
complete wiring as per testing procedure.

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Testing procedure:

1. Make sure all the connections were connected and the wire were placed
correctly as figure 5 shown.

Figure 5
2. Switch off the electrical plug to avoid any bad incident happen.
3. Connected the wiring board to the 240V AC supply and turn on the DB.(This
procedure conducted by assistant engineers)

Figure 6
4. Checked the all devices that used such as lamp,buld and socket are works or
not.

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Figure 7
5. Switch off all electrical the switch/plug after checked all the wires are connected
and in good condition.

Data Acquisition:

Diameter of cable Colour Function

1.5mm Red(live),green(earth),black(neutral) To connect the
devices(lamp,plug,switc
h) to the main supply
1.5mm Red(live),green(earth),black(neutral) To connect the
devices(lamp,plug,switc
h) to the main supply

Electrical wiring standard:

MS IEC 60038

- IEC standard voltages as the nominal voltage for the new low voltage supply
system in Malaysia which is 230/400V with a range of +10% and -6% at a frequency
of 50 Hz with a range of ± 1%, replacing the existing supply voltage which is
240/415V with a range of +5 % and -10% at the same frequency.

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CIRCUIT RESULT DISCUSSION

A one-way switch is the one
One-way switch which has two terminals and
allows the current to flow
only in one direction,For
example in the figure 8.1, a
one-way switch makes or
breaks an electric circuit by
using two terminals. When
the one-way switch makes
the connection, it is said to
be in ON state and the
Figure 8.1 current flows through it.
When the switch is in OFF
state, it breaks the circuit
and no current flows through
it.
A two-way switch is a type of
Two-way switch switch which has three
terminals. Basically, a two-
way switch is a combination
of two one-way switches in a
single unit as the figure 8.2
shown. The two-way switch
can conduct in either
directions.
When a two-way switch
conducts, one terminal is
Figure 8.2 connected to another, but
the third terminal has a
broken connection, i.e. all
the three terminals of a two-
way switch cannot be
connected together

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simultaneously.
A single cable (including live,
One outlet neutral, and earth wires)
socket(Plug) runs from the consumer unit
13A(Radial or fusebox to each socket
connection) outlet in turn. Each socket
outlet is powered by the one
before it.
The final plug outlet is easily
recognisable because it only
has one cable connecting to
Figure 8.3 it as shown in figure 8.3.
Radial circuit faults are
simple to locate. If a break
occurs anywhere along the
cable, all of the socket
outlets following the break
will no longer function.
A ring circuit begins similarly
One outlet to a radial circuit, but a cable
socket(Plug) from the last socket outlet
13A(Ring links back to the consumer
connection) unit. There are two cables
linked to each of the socket
outlets, and there is no 'end'.
They are a good technique
to save cable because the
cables can be smaller than
an equivalent radial and
share the load.
The main issue occurs when
the ring is broken, either due
Figure 8.4 to weak connections or faulty
circuit adjustments. This can
cause the cable to become
overloaded because all of
the socket outlets will
continue to function normally
while being powered by a
single wire.This circuit
shown in figure 8.4

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Safety and Health issues

Electricity has the potential to kill or severely harm individuals as well as inflict
property damage. However, you may dramatically reduce the danger of injury to
yourself, your workers, and others by taking simple measures when working with or
around electricity and electrical equipment. These precautions are summarised in
this section.

The main hazards of working with electricity are:

 electric shock and burns from contact with live parts

 injury from exposure to arcing, fire from faulty electrical equipment or
installations
 explosion caused by unsuitable electrical apparatus or static electricity
igniting flammable vapours or dusts, for example in a spray paint booth

Electric shocks can also lead to other types of injury, for example by causing a fall
from ladders or scaffolds and others.

You must ensure an assessment has been made of any electrical hazards, which
covers:

 who could be harmed by them

 how the level of risk has been established
 the precautions taken to control that risk 

The risk assessment should examine the type of electrical equipment utilised, how it
is used, and the environment in which it is used.

You must ensure that the electrical installation and equipment are both:

 suitable for its intended use and the operating conditions

 only used for its intended purpose

Unsuitable equipment can become alive in damp environments, causing its

surrounds to become alive as well. Fuses, circuit breakers, and other devices must
be properly rated for the circuit they are supposed to protect. Keep isolators and
fuse-box enclosures closed and, if feasible, locked.

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Conclusion:

In conclusion, this practical teaches you how to construct a 13A plug outlet socket
circuit (radial circuit connection),ring connection a one-way switch and two-way
switch. Furthermore, we distinguish three sorts of cables: live (red), neutral (black),
and earth (green). We can also employ equipment appropriate for the purpose.
Among the tools are a test pen, a wire cutter, and pliers. We can also learn
something new about wiring in an efficient and safe manner. We also understand
how the socket works.Aside from that, we learned about the safety precautions that
must be taken in the lab to avoid any unintended consequences. We can also use
proper instruments to read the findings and determine the presence of electricity.

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