UNIT III

BASIC KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS IN ELECTRONICS

Course Outcomes:
Generally, at the end of the unit, the learners must be able to:
a. demonstrate knowledge and skills in major parts of automobile, electrical system,
and safety precautions in Automotive.

Learning Objectives

At the end of the unit, I am able to:

1. define electronics and familiarize the different kind of resistor and capacitor;
2. identify the different parts of electronics into the circuit;
3. describe electronics symbols and identify each part;
4. differentiate the types of transformers the secondary and the primary winding; and
5. solve resistor color coding.
6.
Overview

Electronics is a branch of technology that deals with many applications. Audio

electronics, video electronics, digital, medical up to weapons and banking are covered by the
influence of electronics. There are quite a number of components used in the application of
electronics.
This course introduces you to the basic components of electronics: diodes,
transistors, and op amps. It covers the basic operation and some common applications.

Setting up

Direction: Answer the following statements. Write your answer on the space provided for
each item.

1. This tool is designed to insert and tighten, or to loosen and remove screws in the
electronic apparatus.
_____________________________________
2. It is composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle.
_____________________________________
3. It is an equipment that combines three functions: as a voltmeter that measures both
ac and dc volt.
_____________________________________
4. It is an electronic component that is used to offer opposition to current in an
electrical circuit.
_____________________________________
5. It refers to a three terminal electronic device made of semiconductor materials.
_____________________________________

Lesson Proper

Assembling electronics project and making it works is a good start in helping one to
learn troubleshooting methods as well as becoming familiar with your tools, test equipment,
electronic schematics and component color codes.
It's hard to do a good job of electronics construction unless proper electronic tools
and knowledge of using them are adequate. Some of the basic tools that should prove useful
are discussed here.
ELECTRONIC HAND TOOLS

1. SCREWDRIVERS – this is designed to insert and tighten, or to loosen and remove screws.
A screwdriver comprises a head or tip, which engages with a screw; mechanism to apply force
by rotating the tip, and some way to position and support the screwdriver, the tip of which is
shaped to fit a particular type of screw.

TYPES OF SCREWDIRVERS

1.1. Slotted Screwdriver is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws

1.2. Phillips Screwdriver is used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws. It is a

screwdriver that could take greater torque and could provide tighter fastenings.

2. JEWELER'S SCREWDRIVER SET – is a set of small screw drivers composed of slotted and
Philips Screwdrivers.

3. SOLDERING IRON. A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated
handle. For electrical work, wires are usually soldered to printed circuit boards, other wires,
or small terminals. A low-power iron (20-30 Watts) is suitable for this work.

4. SOLDERING TOOL STAND. is a place where the soldering iron is placed during usage. The
stand often comes with a sponge used in cleaning the tip of the soldering iron.
5. DESOLDERING TOOL. is used in removing soldered wires and components on printed
circuit boards for troubleshooting and repair purposes.
SPLICING TOOLS

1. LONG NOSE - is used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of electronic
component or connecting wires.

2. SIDE CUTTER - is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to grab or turn anything,
But are used to cut wire.

3. WIRE STRIPPER - is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or wire cutters.

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

Aside from hand tools, other types of equipment are also needed for more accurate
and quality output. Three of the most used equipment are presented here for you to
be familiar with their uses and the proper way of maintaining them.

1. OSCILLOSCOPE. An oscilloscope (commonly abbreviated CRO, for cathode- ray

oscilloscope, or scope) is a piece of electronic test equipment that allows signal
voltages to be viewed, usually as a two-dimensional graph of one or more electrical potential
differences (vertical axis) plotted as a function of time or of some other voltage (horizontal
axis).
2. SIGNAL GENERATOR. A signal generator is a device which produces simple wave forms.

3. VOLT-OHM-MILLIAMMETER. It is an equipment that combines three functions: as a

voltmeter that measures both ac and dc volt.

3.1. Always rest the function switch at 250V AC if an OFF position is not
available in the instrument.
3.2. For current and voltage measurements, always set the function switch in
the correct setting which is a little higher than the expected current or
voltage present in the circuit.
3.3. Place the instrument in a cool dry place, away from any magnetic devices,
and free from vibrations.

RESISTORS - an electronic component that is used to offer opposition to current in an

electrical circuit.

RESISTOR COLOR CODING

CAPACITOR - is a device which store electric charges on two conducting plates separated by
a finite gap

TYPES OF CAPACITORS
DIODES is a component by made by semiconducting materials such as silicon

TYPES OF DIODES
TRANSISTOR is a three terminal electronic device made of semiconductor materials

SIMPLE CIRCUIT AND ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS

Schematic diagram of blinker

Blinker circuit. (a) Schematic diagram (b) Parts list (c) Components’ lay out (top view) (d)
Foil pattern on PCB (bottom view)

TRANSFORMERS TYPES AND WINDING

TRANSFORMER is connected to the input voltage supply and converts or transforms the
electrical power into a magnetic field.
A transformer is an electrical device which, by the principles of electromagnetic
induction, transfers electrical energy from one electric circuit to another, without changing
the frequency. The energy transfer usually takes place with a change of voltage and current.

TWO TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS

1. PRIMARY WINDING- is the coil that draws power from the source.
2. SECONDARY WINDING- is the coil that delivers the energy at the transformed or changed
voltage to the load.

Transformer symbol

LEARNING MODULE IN INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL ARTS PART 2 7

 References

Electronic Parts & General Supplies. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2020, from
https://www.circuitspecialists.com/hand-tools-for-electronics

Hewes, J. (n.d.). Tools for Electronics. Retrieved September 20, 2020, from
https://electronicsclub.info/tools.htm

Resistors: Ohm's Law: Electronics Textbook. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2020, from
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-2/resistors/

Rouse, M. (2015, October 14). What is transistor? - Definition from WhatIs.com.

Retrieved September 20, 2020, from https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/transistor

Electrical4U. (2020, September 06). Types of Transformer Windings: Cylindrical,

Helical, Crossover & Disc Winding. Retrieved September 20, 2020, from
https://www.electrical4u.com/transformer-winding/

Additional online resources:

Resistor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gc1wVdbVI0E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJv0D6HdkOc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcSOcbu6pDM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pD2Ce1lujNA

Transistor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ukDKVHnac4&vl=en

Transformers and Winding

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhgoTqtUEdQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p-IGUpvwvs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yRu-a9HjXI

LEARNING MODULE IN INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL ARTS PART 2 8