IB Mathematics AA HL Questionbank - Functions

17/1/24, 12:29 IB Mathematics AA HL Questionbank - Functions
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IB MATHEMATICS AA HL - QUESTIONBANK
Topic 2 All - Functions
All Questions for Topic 2 (Functions). Properties of Functions, Quadratics, Rational
Functions, Exponent-Log Functions, Transformations, Polynomials, Modulus &
Inequalities
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Question 1
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Let f (x) = 2x, g(x) = 4x + 6 and h(x) = (f ∘ g)(x), for x ∈ R.
(a) Find h(x). [2]
(b) Find h−1 (x). [3]
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Question 2
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Let f (x) = a(x − h)2 + k , for x ∈ R.
The vertex of the graph of f is at P(3, 4) and the graph passes through Q(1, −4).
https://www.revisionvillage.com/ib-math/analysis-and-approaches-hl/questionbank/functions/ 1/76
(a) Write down the values of h and k . [2]
(b) Find the value of a. [3]

Question 3
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f .
The vertex is at point A and the x-intercepts are at points B and C.
The function f can be written in the form f (x) = (x − h)2 + k .
(a) Write down the values of h and k . [2]
The function f can also be written in the form f (x) = (x + p)(x − q).
(b) Write down the values of p and q . [2]
(c) Find the y -intercept of the graph of f . [2]

Question 4
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = x3 and g(x) = 2x − 1, for x ∈ R.
(a) Find g −1 (x). [2]
(b) Find (g ∘ f )(x). [2]
(c) Solve the equation (g ∘ f )(x) = 0. [2]

Question 5
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = x2 − 2x − 8, for x ∈ R.
(a) Write down the y -intercept of the graph of y = f (x). [1]
(b) Solve the equation f (x) = 0. [3]
(c) Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of y = f (x). [2]

Question 6
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = x2 + 2 and g(x) = x − 3, for x ∈ R.
(a) Find f (3). [2]
(b) Find (g ∘ f )(3). [2]
(c) Find g −1 (x). [2]

Question 7
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let f (x) = (x − 3)(x + 1), for x ∈ R.
For the graph of f , find:
(a) the y -intercept; [2]
(b) the x-intercepts; [2]
(c) the coordinates of the vertex. [3]

Question 8
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Let f (x) = 4x − 3 and g(x) = 2x, for x ∈ R.
(a) Write down the value of g(5). [1]
(b) Find (f ∘ g)(x). [2]
(c) Find (f ∘ g)−1 (x). [2]

Question 9
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The equation x2 + kx + 4 = 0 has two equal roots.
Find the possible values of k .

EASY
Question 10
[Maximum mark: 5]
Let f (x) = 4x − 2, for x ∈ R.
(a) The graph of a linear function g is perpendicular to the graph of f and passes through the origin.
Find an expression for g(x). [2]
(b) The graph of a linear function h is parallel to the graph of f and passes through the point (3, 4).
Find an expression for h(x). [3]

Question 11
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let f (x) = x2 − 4x + 3, for x ∈ R.
(a) For the graph of y = f (x), find:
(i) the y -intercept;
(ii) the x-intercepts. [3]
(b) The function f can be expressed in the form f (x) = (x − h)2 + k . Find
the value of h and the value of k . [2]
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) on the grid below. Clearly label
the intercepts with the axes, and the vertex. [2]

Question 12
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = (x + 2)3 , for x ∈ R.
(a) Find f −1 (x). [3]
Let g be a function so that (f ∘ g)(x) = 27x6 .
(b) Find g(x). [3]

Question 13
EASY
[Maximum mark: 8]
The equation of a line L1 is 2x + 3y = −5.

(a) Find the gradient of L1 . [2]
A second line, L2 , is perpendicular to L1 .

(b) State the gradient of L2 . [1]
The point P(4, 0) lies on L2 .
(c) Find the equation of L2 , giving your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, where a, b, d ∈ Z.
[2]
The point Q is the intersection of L1 and L2 .
(d) Find the coordinates of Q. [3]

Question 14
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f and g be functions such that g(x) = 3f (x − 2) + 1, for x ∈ R.
The graph of g is obtained from the graph of f after the following transformations:
a vertical stretch by a factor of k, followed by

a horizontal translation of a units, followed by

a vertical translation of b units.
(a) Write down the value of:

(i) k ;
(ii) a;
(iii) b. [3]
Let h(x) = −2g(x), for x ∈ R.
The point P(3, 4) on the graph of g is mapped to point Q on the graph of h.
(b) Find the coordinates of Q. [3]

EASY
Question 15
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = x + 7, for x ≥ −7.

(a) Find f −1 (3). [3]
Let g be a function such that g −1 exists for all real numbers.
(b) Given that g(9) = 4, find (f ∘ g −1 )(4). [3]

EASY
Question 16
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = x − 3, for x ≥ 3.

(a) Find f −1 (x). [2]
Let g(x) = x2 + 1, for x ∈ R.
(b) Find (g ∘ f )(28). [2]
(c) Write down the range of:

(i) f −1 ;
(ii) g . [2]

Question 17
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let f (x) = x3 + 1 and g(x) = x − 2, for x ∈ R.
(a) Find f (2). [2]
(b) Find f −1 (x). [2]
(c) Solve (f ∘ g)(x) = 0. [3]

Question 18
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let f (x) = 0.2ex+2 − 4, for −3 ≤ x ≤ 2.
(a) On the following grid, sketch the graph of y = f (x). [3]
(b) Find the coordinates of:
(i) the x-intercept;

(ii) the y -intercept. [2]
The graph of f is reflected in the x-axis, then translated 1 unit in the direction of the positive x-axis and
2 units in the direction of the positive y -axis to obtain the graph of a function g .
(c) Find g(x). [2]

Question 19
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following diagram shows the graph of y = f (x), for −4 ≤ x ≤ 5.
(i) f (1);
(ii) f −1 (2). [2]
(b) Find the domain of f −1 . [2]
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f −1 (x) on the same grid above. [2]

Question 20
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The diagram below shows the graph of a quadratic function f (x) = 2x2 + bx + c.
(a) Write down the value of c. [1]
(b) Find the value of b and write down f (x). [3]
(c) Calculate the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of f . [2]

Question 21
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = x3 and g(x) = 5(x − 2)3 , for x ∈ R.
The graph of g can be obtained from the graph of f using two transformations.
(a) Give a full geometric description of each of the transformations. [2]
The graph of g is translated by 4 units in the direction of the positive x-axis, and 1 unit in the direction of
the negative y -axis to give the graph of a function h.
The point P(1, 1) on the graph of f is translated to point Q on the graph of h.
(b) Find the coordinates of Q. [4]
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Question 22
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let f (x) = ax2 − 24x + c, for x ∈ R, where a, c ∈ Z.
(a) A horizontal line, L, intersects the graph of y = f (x) at x = 1 and x = 7.
(i) Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of y = f (x).
(ii) Hence show that a = 3. [4]
(b) The equation of L is y = 6. Find the value of c. [3]

EASY
Question 23
[Maximum mark: 5]
(a) Express 2x2 − 8x + 9 in the form a(x + b)2 + c where a, b, c ∈ Z. [2]
(b) Given that f (x) = x − 2 and (g ∘ f )(x) = 2x2 − 8x + 9, find g(x). [3]

Question 24
EASY
[Maximum mark: 13]
A loaf pan is made in the shape of a cylinder. The pan has a diameter of 24 cm and a height of 5 m.
(a) Calculate the volume of this pan. [2]
Gloria prepares enough bread dough to exactly fill the pan. The dough was in the shape of a sphere.
(b) Find the radius of the sphere in cm, correct to one decimal place. [3]
The bread was cooked in a hot oven. Once taken out of the oven, the bread was left in the kitchen.
The temperature, T , of the bread, in degrees Celsius, °C, can be modelled by the function
T (t) = a × (1.51)− 3 + 21, t ≥ 0,

t
where a is a constant and t is the time, in minutes, since the bread was taken out of the oven.
When the bread was taken out of the oven its temperature was 205 °C.
(c) Find the value of a. [2]
(d) Find the temperature that the bread will be 10 minutes after it is taken out of the oven. [2]
The bread can be eaten once its temperature drops to 35 °C.
(e) Calculate, to the nearest minute, the time since the bread was taken out
of the oven until it can be eaten. [3]
(f) In the context of this model, state what the value of 21 represents. [1]

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Question 25
EASY
[Maximum mark: 4]
b
A rational function is defined by f (x) = a +  c, where a, b, c ∈ Z.
, for x =
x−c

The following diagram represents the graph of y = f (x).
Using the information on the graph,
(a) state the value of a and the value of c ; [2]
(b) find the value of b. [2]

Question 26
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Atmospheric pressure, P , in kPa, decreases exponentially with increasing height above sea level, h. The
atmospheric pressure can be modelled by the function
−h
25
P (h) = 101 × ( ) ,
22

where h is the height above sea level in kilometres.
(a) Write down the exact atmospheric pressure at sea level, in kPa. [1]
Mount Kosciuszko is the highest mountain in Australia with a height of 2228 metres above sea level at
the top.
(b) Calculate the atmospheric pressure at the top of the Mount Kosciuszko. [2]
(c) Calculate the height where the atmospheric pressure is equal to 10 kPa. [3]

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Question 27
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let f (t) = 3t2 + 27, where t > 0.
The graph of a function g is obtained when the graph of f is transformed by
1
a stretch by a scale of parallel to the y-axis, followed by
9

4
a translation by the vector ( ) .

−5

(a) Find g(t), giving your answer in the form a(t − b)2 + c. [4]
A particle moves along a straight line so that its velocity in m s−1 , at time t seconds, is given by g(t).
(b) Find the distance the particle travels between t = 7 and t = 10. [3]

Question 28
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
ax + b c
The function f is of the form f (x) =  − , where a, b, c ∈ Z. Given
, for x =
2x + c 2

that the graph of y = f (x) has asymptotes x = −5 and y = 2, and that the point
1
P(1, − ) lies on the graph, find the values of a, b and c.
12


Question 29
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A population of goldfish decreases exponentially. The size of the population, P , after t days is modelled
by the function
P (t) = 8000 × 2−t + 100, t ≥ 0.
(a) Write down the exact size of the initial population. [1]
(b) Find the size of the population after 5 days. [2]
(c) Calculate the time it will take for the size of the population to decrease to 120. [2]
The population will stabilize when it reaches a size of n.
(d) Write down the value of n. [1]

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Question 30
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
It has been suggested that the number of visits (the number of hits) to a newly launched website can be
modelled by an equation of the form H = aN b , where H is the number of hits in each month, N is the
month number, a and b are constants.
To test this model, a new website was created and the number of hits in each of the first 10 months were
recorded.
The results are shown in the following table for N = 1 and N = 2.
(a) (i) Write down the value of a.
(ii) Find the value of b, giving your answer to five significant figures. [4]
(b) Use this model to estimate the number of hits in the 8th month. Give
your answer to the nearest integer. [1]

Question 31
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
ln(x + 2)
Let f (x) = , for x > −2. The diagram below shows part of the graph of f .
2

(a) Find the coordinates of:
(b) Find the equation of the vertical asymptote to the graph of f . [2]
(c) Find the area of the region enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis and
the y -axis. [2]

Question 32
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Solve the equation log5 x − log5 4 = 2 + log5 3 for x.


Question 33
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Consider f (x) = x2 + bx + c, for x ∈ R, where b, c ∈ Z. The graph of f has a local minimum at x = 2.5.
The distance between the two x-intercepts of the graph of f is 7.
(a) Find the coordinates of the two x-intercepts. [2]
(b) Find the value of b and the value of c. [4]

Question 34
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Let f (x) = e − 2 and g(x) = 3x + k , for x ∈ R, where k is a constant.
x
(a) Find (g ∘ f )(x). [2]
(b) Given that lim (g ∘ f )(x) = −4, find the value of k .

[3]
x→−∞

Question 35
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following diagram shows the graph of y = f (x), for −1 ≤ x ≤ 2.
(i) f (1);
(ii) f −1 (−2). [2]
(b) Find (f ∘ f )(1). [2]
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (−x) on the same grid above. [2]

Question 36
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Solve the equation log3 x − log3 5 = 1 + log3 4 for x.


Question 37
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A population of 50 hamsters was introduced to a new town. One month later, the number of hamsters
was 62. The number of hamsters, P , can be modelled by the function
P (t) = 50 × bt , t ≥ 0,
where t is the time, in months, since the hamsters were introduced to the town.
(a) Find the value of b. [2]
(b) Calculate the number of hamsters in the town after 6 months. [2]
A wildlife specialist estimates that the town has enough water and food to support a maximum
population of 2000 hamsters.
(c) Calculate the number of months it takes for the hamster population to reach this maximum. [2]

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Question 38
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The graph shows the curve of a quadratic function of the form f (x) = ax2 + bx + 90.
(a) Write down the equation for the axis of symmetry of the curve. [2]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of a and the value of b. [3]
(c) Find the y -coordinate of the vertex of the curve. [1]

Ask Newton
Question 39
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Two functions, f and g , are defined in the following table.
(a) Write down the value of f (2). [1]
(b) Find the value of (g ∘ f )(2). [2]
−1
(c) Find the value of g (5). [2]

EASY
Question 40
[Maximum mark: 5]
The equation x2 − kx + 1 = 0 has two distinct real roots.

Question 41
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
(a) Sketch the graph of y = (x − 2)2 − 4∣x − 2∣ − 1, for −3 ≤ x ≤ 7. [3]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation (x − 2)2 − 4∣x − 2∣ − 1 = 0. [2]

Question 42
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
(a) Write the expression 4 ln 2 − ln 8 in the form of ln k , where k ∈ Z. [3]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve 4 ln 2 − ln 8 = − ln(2x). [3]

Question 43
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A farmer is going to fence two equal adjacent parcels of land. These parcels share one side (which also
requires fencing) as shown in the following diagram. The farmer has only 80 metres of fence.
(a) Write down the equation for the total length of the fence, 80 m, in terms of x and y . [1]
(b) Write down the total area of both parcels of land in terms of x. [2]
(c) Find the maximum area, in m2 , of one parcel of land. [3]

Question 44
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
x−2
The functions f and g are defined such that f (x) = and g(x) = 12x + 4.
3

(a) Show that (g ∘ f )(x) = 4x − 4. [2]
(b) Given that (g ∘ f )−1 (a) = 10, find the value of a. [3]

Question 45
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Let f (x) = x4 + 5x3 + ax2 + bx + 2, for x ∈ R, where a, b are constants. The remainder when f (x) is
divided by (x − 1) is 6, and the remainder when f (x) is divided by (x + 2) is −6. Find the value of a and
the value of b.

Question 46
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The graph of a quadratic function has a y -intercept at A(0, 24) and one of its x-intercepts is B(2, 0).
The x-coordinate of the vertex of the graph is 4.
The equation of the quadratic function is in the form y = ax2 + bx + c.
(a) Write down the value of c. [1]
(b) Find the value of a and the value of b. [4]
(c) Write down the coordinates of the second x-intercept of the function. [1]

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Question 47
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The equation x2 + (k − 3)x − 3k = 0 has two distinct real solutions.

Question 48
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
2
Let f (x) = + b, for x =
 a.
x−a

The line x = 1 is a vertical asymptote of the graph of y = f (x).
(a) Write down the value of a. [1]
The graph of y = f (x) passes through the point P(0, 3).
(b) Find the value of b. [3]
(c) Find lim f (x).

[2]
x→∞

Question 49
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The area, A, of a given square can be represented by the function
P2
A(P ) = , P ≥ 0,
16

where P is the perimeter of the square.
The graph of the function A, for 0 ≤ P ≤ 20, is shown below.
(a) Find the value of A(20). [1]
(b) On the grid above, draw the graph of the inverse function, A−1 . [3]
(c) In the context of the question, explain the meaning of A−1 (4) = 8. [1]

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EASY
Question 50
[Maximum mark: 5]
(a) Express 3x2 + 18x + 20 in the form a(x + b)2 + c where a, b, c ∈ Z. [2]
(b) Given that f (x) = x + 3 and (g ∘ f )(x) = 3x2 + 18x + 20, find g(x). [3]

Question 51
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The function f is defined by f (x) = 3

2x + 1, for −14 ≤ x ≤ 13.

(a) Write down the range of f . [2]
(b) Find an expression for f −1 . [2]
(c) Write down the domain and range of f −1 . [2]

Question 52
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Solve the equation log3 (x2 − 4x + 4) = 1 + log3 (x − 2).


Question 53
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
2x+4
1
Find the values of x when 27x+2 = ( ) .
9


EASY
Question 54
[Maximum mark: 5]
Solve the equation log2 (x2 − 2x + 1) = 1 + log2 (x − 1).


Question 55
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The number of users on a new social network on January 1st 2018 was 320 000. One year later, on
January 1st 2019, the number of users on this network is estimated to be 350 000. The number of the
users on this network, N , can be modelled by the function
N (t) = 320 000 × bt , t ≥ 0,
where t is the number of years since January 1st 2018 and b is a constant.
(a) Find the exact value of b. [2]
(b) Estimate the number of the users on this network there will be in 2023. [2]
(c) Determine the year during which the number of the social network users reaches one million. [2]

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EASY
Question 56
[Maximum mark: 6]
Given that (x − 4) is a factor of f (x) = x3 − 2x2 + ax + b and that division of f (x) by (x + 2) leaves a
remainder of 18, find the value of a and the value of b.

Question 57
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The number of French words, N , that are remembered by students after the completion of a French
language course decreases exponentially over time. This data can be modelled by the function
N (t) = a × b−t + 450,
where a and b are positive constants, and t is the time in years since a student completed the French
language course.
Immediately after completion, a student remembers 4200 French words.
(a) Find the value of a. [2]
After 4 years a student remembers only 1600 French words.
(b) Find the value of b. [3]
The number of French words a student remembers never decreases below a certain number of words, n.
(c) Write down the value of n. [1]

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Question 58
EASY
[Maximum mark: 8]
3x − 6
Let f (x) = , for x =
 −1.
x+1

(a) For the graph of y = f (x), find the coordinates of:
(b) For the graph of y = f (x), find the equation of:
(i) the horizontal asymptote;
(ii) the vertical asymptote. [3]
(c) Hence sketch the graph of y = f (x). [2]

Question 59
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
4x2 − 128
The function f is given by f (x) = , for x =
 ±4.
x2 − 16

(a) Prove that f is an even function. [2]
(b) (i) Sketch the graph of y = f (x).
(ii) Write down the range of f . [5]

EASY
Question 60
[Maximum mark: 5]
The ocean pressure, P , under sea level can be modelled by the function
D
P (D) = +1
10

where D is the distance in metres below sea level and P is measured in atmospheres.
A submarine cruising near the surface is submerged according to the function
D(t) = 10 + 5t
where t is measured in minutes and D is the distance the submarine is below sea level, measured in
metres.
(a) Find the composite function P ∘ D and explain what it means in the
context of this question [3]
(b) Find and interpret (P ∘ D)(10). [2]

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Question 61
EASY
[Maximum mark: 8]
1 2
Let f (x) = x − 2 and g(x) = x2 − 4, for x ∈ R.
4

1 4 [2]
(a) Show that (f ∘ g)(x) = x − 2x2 + 2.
4

(b) On the following grid, sketch the graph of y = (f ∘ g)(x), for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3. [3]
(c) The equation (f ∘ g)(x) = k has exactly two solutions, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3. Find
the possible values of k . [3]

Question 62
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let f (x) = −6x2 + bx + c, for x ∈ R, where b, c ∈ Z.
(a) A horizontal line, L, intersects the graph of y = f (x) at (−1, h) and (5, h), where h ∈ R.
(i) Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of y = f (x).
(ii) Hence show that b = 24. [4]
(b) Given h = −8, find the value of c. [3]

Question 63
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A tyre manufacturing company has found that the number of tyres it produces, N , can be modelled by
the function
N (t) = 3t − 9
where t is the number of hours the factory operates per day, with a minimum of 3 hours.
The profit the company makes, P , in dollars, depends on the number of tyres produced, and is modelled
by the function
P (N ) = 60N − 850
where N is the number of tyres produced.
(a) Find the company's profit or loss if it operates for 6 hours per day. [2]
(b) Find the company's profit in terms of the hours of operation per day, t. [2]
(c) Determine the number of hours the company needs to operate the factory per day in order to earn a
positive profit. Give your answer to the nearest hour. [2]

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Question 64
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The function f is defined by
4x − 1 if x ≥ 1,
f (x) = {
2

−x + x + 3 if x < 1.

(a) Determine whether or not f is continuous at x = 1. [2]
The graph of the function g is obtained by applying the following transformations

to the graph of f :
a horizontal translation 2 units to the left, followed by
a reflection in the x-axis, followed by

a vertical stretch by a factor of 3.
(b) Find g(x). [4]

EASY
Question 65
[Maximum mark: 5]
Solve log6 (x) + log6 (x − 5) = 2, for x > 5.


Question 66
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The circumference, C , of a given circle can be represented by the function
A
C(A) = 2π

, A ≥ 0,

where A is the area of the circle.
The graph of the function C , for 0 ≤ A ≤ 24, is shown below.
(a) Find the value of C(24). [1]
(b) On the grid above, draw the graph of the inverse function, C −1 . [3]
(c) In the context of the question, explain the meaning of C −1 (2π) = π . [1]

Ask Newton
Question 67
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
A species of bird, thought to be extinct, was rediscovered on 14 March 1973. Through a careful
protection and breeding program, the population has continued to increase since then.
The Department of conservation proposes that the population of birds t years after 14 March 1973 can be
modelled by the function P (t) = 10ekt , where 0 < k < 1 and t ≥ 0.
On 14 March 1993 the known population of birds was 50.
(a) Use the model to estimate the population of birds on 14 March 2023. [4]
In fact, the known population of birds on 14 March 2023 was 502. A new model is proposed in which
(b) Find the value of r. [3]

Question 68
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
16
Let f (x) = p − , for x =
 0, where p is a constant.
x
The line y = x − p intersects the graph of y = f (x) at two distinct points.
Find the possible values of p.

Question 69
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The quadratic equation x2 − kx + (k − 1) = 0 has roots α and β . Without solving the equation, find the
possible values of the real number k given that α2 + β 2 = 17.

EASY
Question 70
[Maximum mark: 6]
The quadratic equation x2 − kx + (k − 3) = 0 has roots α and β such that α2 + β 2 = 6. Without solving
the equation, find the possible values of the real number k .

Question 71
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
4 2
4x+2
1
=( )
2
Find the values of x when 25x −2x .
125


Question 72
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Solve the equation 9x + 2 ⋅ 3x+1 = 1.

Question 73
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
A town is planning to construct a jogging path in a grass field 170 m long and 70 m wide. The path is to
be the shape of a rectangle with two semicircles of radius x, as shown in the diagram. The sides of the
rectangle connecting the circles are to be 100 m long.
(a) Write down a function, P , (in metres) for the perimeter of the jogging path, in terms of the radius,
x. [1]
(b) Determine the domain and range of P , taking into consideration the dimensions of the grass field. [2]
(c) Find an equation for the inverse function P −1 (x). Express your answer in the form P −1 (x) = mx +
c. [2]
The designers of the path are deciding whether the total length of the path should be 300 m, 400 m, or
500 m. The designers want to maximise the perimeter of the path, but fit the path in the grass field.
(d) Determine which length is most suitable, given the dimensions of the grass field. [2]

Ask Newton
Question 74
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Harry is planning on constructing a glass window in one of the outer walls of his house. The dimensions
of the wall space available are 2m x 2m. Harry wants the window to be in the shape shown in the diagram
below. The bottom section is a rectangle and the top part is a semicircle of radius x m. Harry wants the
height of the rectangle to be fixed at 1 m.
(a) Write down a function P (in metres) for the perimeter of the window in terms of the radius, x. [1]
(b) Determine the domain and range of P , taking into consideration the dimensions of the available
wall. [2]
(c) Find an equation for the inverse function P −1 (x). [2]
Harry wants to maximise the size of the window, however the window frame that covers the perimeter of
the window can only be 5, 6, or 7 metres long, due to manufacturing restrictions.
(d) Determine which perimeter length is the best option for Harry. [2]

Ask Newton
EASY
Question 75
[Maximum mark: 6]
3
The axis of symmetry of the graph of a quadratic function has equation x = .
2

(a) Draw the axis of symmetry on the grid below. [1]
The graph of the quadratic function intersects the x-axis at the point P(−1, 0). There is a second point,
Q , at which the graph of the quadratic function intersects the x-axis.
(b) Mark and label P and Q on the grid above. [1]
The graph of the quadratic function has equation y = −x2 + bx + c, where b, c ∈ Z.
(c) (i) Find the value of b and the value of c.
(ii) Find the coordinates of the vertex, M.
(iii) Draw the graph of the quadratic function on the grid above. [4]

Ask Newton
Question 76
EASY
[Maximum mark: 15]
Let f (x) = a(x + 1)(x + 5), for x ∈ R, where a ∈ Z. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .
The graph of f has x-intercepts at (p, 0) and (q, 0), and a y -intercept at (0, −10).
(a) (i) Write down the value of p and the value of q .
(ii) Find the value of a. [6]
(b) Find the equation of the axis of symmetry. [2]
(c) Find the coordinates of the vertex. [3]
The graph of a function g is obtained from the graph of f by a reflection in the y -axis, followed by a
translation of 2 units in the direction of the positive y -axis. The point P(−2, 6) on the graph of f is
mapped to point Q on the graph of g .
(d) Find the coordinates of Q. [4]

EASY
Question 77
[Maximum mark: 15]
Let f (x) = 3x2 + 12x + 9, for x ∈ R.

(a) For the graph of f , find:
(i) the y -intercept;
(ii) the x-intercepts. [4]
The function f can be written in the form f (x) = a(x − h)2 + k .
(b) Find the values of a, h and k . [5]
(c) For the graph of f , write down:
(i) the coordinates of the vertex;
(ii) the equation of the axis of symmetry. [2]
The graph of a function g is obtained from the graph of f by a reflection in the x-axis, followed by a
translation of 4 units in the direction of the positive y axis.
(d) Find g(x), giving your answer in the form g(x) = px2 + qx + r. [4]

EASY
Question 78
[Maximum mark: 15]
Let f (x) = 2x2 + 4x + p, for x ∈ R, where p ∈ Z.
(a) The equation f (x) = 0 has two equal roots.
(i) Write down the value of the discriminant of f .
(ii) Show that p = 2. [3]
(b) For the graph of f , find:
(i) the equation of the axis of symmetry.
(ii) the coordinates of the vertex; [4]
(c) Write down the solution to the equation f (x) = 0. [1]
(d) The function f can be written in the form f (x) = a(x − h)2 + k . Find
the values of a, h and k . [5]
(e) The graph of a function g is obtained from the graph of f by a reflection

in the x-axis. Find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of g . [2]

Question 79
EASY
[Maximum mark: 18]
A cannonball is fired from the top of a tower. The rate of change of the height, h, of the cannonball above
the ground is modelled by
h′ (t) = −4t + 20, t ≥ 0,
where h is in metres and t is the time, in seconds, since the moment the cannonball was fired.
(a) Determine the time t at which the cannonball reached its maximum height. [2]
After one second, the cannonball is 26 metres above the ground.
(b) (i) Find an expression for h(t), the height of the cannonball above the ground at time t.
(ii) Hence, determine the maximum height reached by the cannonball. [5]
(c) Write down the height of the tower. [1]
(d) Calculate the height of the cannonball 4 seconds after it was fired. [2]
The cannonball hits its target on the ground n seconds after it was fired.
(e) Find the value of n. [2]
(f) Determine the total time the cannonball was above the height of the tower. [3]
A second cannonball is fired from exactly halfway up the tower, with the same projectile motion as the
first cannonball.
(g) Given that both cannonballs land at the same time, determine the length of time between the first
cannonball and the second cannonball being fired. [3]

Question 80
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The line y = x + 1 touches the graph of the function g(x) = 2x2 + kx + 3 at one point. Find the possible
values of k .

Question 81
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = x2 + kx and g(x) = x + k , for x ∈ R, where k is a constant.
The graphs of y = f (x) and y = g(x) intersect at two distinct points.

Question 82
EASY
[Maximum mark: 15]
Let f (x) = 2x2 − 8x + 6, for x ∈ R.
(a) Write down the value of f (0). [1]
(b) Solve the equation f (x) = 0. [3]
The function f can be written in the form f (x) = a(x − h)2 + k .
(c) Find the values of a, h and k . [5]
(d) For the graph of f , write down:
(i) the coordinates of the vertex;
(ii) the equation of the axis of symmetry. [2]
The graph of a function g is obtained from the graph of f by a reflection in the x-axis, followed by a
translation of 1 unit to the right and 3 units up.
(e) Find g(x), giving your answer in the form g(x) = px2 + qx + r. [4]

Question 83
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
6 + 2x
The function f is defined as f (x) = , for −3 ≤ x < 3.
6 − 2x

Find the inverse function of f , stating its domain and range.

Question 84
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 5]
The following diagram shows the graph of y = f (x). The graph has a horizontal asymptote at y = −2.
The graph crosses the x-axis at x = −2 and x = 2, and the y -axis at y = 2.
On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of y = [f (x)]2 − 1, clearly showing any asymptotes with
their equations and the coordinates of any local maxima or minima.

MEDIUM
Question 85
[Maximum mark: 17]
3x + 4 5
 .
2x − 5 2

(a) For the graph of y = f (x), find the coordinates of:
(b) For the graph of y = f (x), find the equation of:
(i) the horizontal asymptote;
(ii) the vertical asymptote. [3]
(c) Hence sketch the graph of y = f (x). [2]
(d) Find f −1 (x). [3]
The graphs of f (x) and f −1 (x) have two points of intersection.
(e) Find the coordinates of the two points of intersection. Give your answers to two decimal
places. [3]
(f) Hence find the equation of the perpendicular bisector to the two points of intersection. [3]

MEDIUM
Question 86
[Maximum mark: 6]
ex − e−x
Consider the function f (x) = , x ∈ R.
2

(a) Show that f is an odd function. [2]
x4 + 2
Now, consider the function g given by g(x) = , x ∈ R, x =
 0.
2x

(b) By considering the graph of y = f (x) − g(x), solve f (x) > g(x) for x ∈ R. [4]

Question 87
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
4 − ax
Let f (x) = .
5x − 2

(a) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of the graph of y = f (x). [1]
The line y = −1.4 is a horizontal asymptote to the graph of y = f (x).
(b) Find the value of a. [2]
(c) The line y = x − c, where c ∈ R+ , intersects the graph of y = ∣∣f (x)∣∣ at exactly one point. Find the

possible values of c. [4]

Question 88
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 15]
5
 −1.
x+1

(a) For the graph of f , find:

(ii) the y -intercept;
(iii) the equation of the vertical asymptote. [5]
Let g(x) = x − 3, for x ∈ R. The graphs of f and g intersect at points A and B.
(b) Find the coordinates of A and B. [5]
(c) Find the equation of the straight line that passes through A and B,
giving your answer in the form y = mx + c. [3]
(d) Write down the gradient of the line that is perpendicular to the line
passing through A and B. [2]

Question 89
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 15]
Let f (x) = 2(x − 1)2 − 8, for x ∈ R.
(a) Show that f (x) = 2x2 − 4x − 6. [2]
(b) For the graph of f :
(i) write down the coordinates of the vertex;
(ii) write down the y -intercept;
(iii) find both x-intercepts. [7]
(c) Hence sketch the graph of f . [3]
Let g(x) = 6x2 , for x ∈ R.
The graph of f may be obtained from the graph of g using the following three transformations:
∙ a compression of scale factor a in the y-direction, followed by

∙ a horizontal translation of h units, followed by
∙ a vertical translation of k units.
(d) Find the values of a, h and k . [3]

MEDIUM
Question 90
[Maximum mark: 8]
Consider the function f (x) = x2 arcsin(x), for −1 ≤ x ≤ 1.
(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x). [3]
(b) Write down the range of f . [2]
(c) Solve the inequality ∣∣x2 arcsin(x)∣∣ > 0.5.

[3]

MEDIUM
Question 91
[Maximum mark: 5]
Solve the equation 154a = 81a+2 for a. Express your answer in terms of ln 3 and ln 5.

Question 92
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
Consider f (x) = logk (8x − 2x2 ), for 0 < x < 4, where k > 0.

The equation f (x) = 3 has exactly one solution. Find the value of k .

MEDIUM
Question 93
[Maximum mark: 12]
The following table shows values of ln x and ln y .
The relationship between ln x and ln y can be modelled by the regression equation ln y = a ln x + b.
(a) Find the value of a and the value of b. [3]
(b) Use the regression equation to estimate the value of y when x = 4.12. [3]
The relationship between x and y can be modelled using the formula y = pxq , where p =
 0 and q =
 0,
q=
 1.
(c) Expressing ln y in terms of ln x, find the value of p and the value of q . [6]

Question 94
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
9 9
9 π 9
Consider the functions f (x) = 3 cos(x) + and g(x) = 3 cos (x + ) + A, where x ∈ R and A < .
2 3 2

(a) Describe a sequence of two transformations that transforms the graph of f to the graph of g . [3]
9
The y -intercept of the graph g is at the point (0 , )
2

(b) Find the range of g . [4]

Question 95
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
A population of endangered snow leopards, P , can be modelled by the equation
Pt = P0 ekt ,

where P0 is the initial population, and t is measured in years.

P1
(a) After one year, it is estimated that = 0.93.

P0
(i) Find the value of k .
(ii) Interpret the meaning of the value of k . [3]
Pt [5]
(b) Find the least number of whole years for which < 0.50.

P0

Question 96
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 5]
The polynomial p(x) = 2x4 + a3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x − 12 is divisible by each of (x + 1), (x − 1) and (x − 2).

Find the values of a1 , a2 and a3 .


Question 97
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 5]
Solve the equation 146x = 64x+3 for x. Express your answer in terms of ln 2 and ln 7.

Question 98
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 5]
When p(x) = x2 − 2x + p is divided by x − r, the remainder is 4.

Given that p, r ∈ R, find the largest possible value for p.

Question 99
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
(a) Write down the domain and range of the logarithmic function y = loga x
where a > 0 and a =

 1. [2]
(b) Given that logx2 y = 9 logy (x2 ), find all the possible expressions

of y as a function of x. [6]

Question 100
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 5]
1
Consider the graphs of y = − ∣x∣ and y = 2∣x∣ − a, where a ∈ Z+ .
2

(a) Sketch the graphs on the same set of axes. [2]
(b) Given that the graphs enclose a region of area 40 square units,
find the value of a. [3]

MEDIUM
Question 101
[Maximum mark: 15]
A study records the number of chickens and ducks on a farm after t years, starting on 1 January, 1997.
Let c be the number of chickens on the farm after t years. The following table shows the number of
chickens after t years.
The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation c = at + b, where a
and b are constants.
(a) Find the value of a and the value of b. [3]
(b) Use the regression equation to estimate the number of chickens on the farm when t = 6. [2]
Let d be the number of ducks on the farm after t years. The number of ducks can be modelled by the
equation d = 400e−kt , where k is a constant.
(c) Find the number of ducks on the farm on 1 January, 1997. [3]
(d) After six years, there are 377 ducks on the farm. Find the value of k . [3]
(e) Find the year during which the number of chickens and ducks were the same. [4]

Question 102
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 5]
The following diagram shows the graph of y = f (x). The graph has a horizontal asymptote at y = −2.
The graph crosses the x-axis at x = −1 and x = 1, and the y -axis at y = 2.
On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of y = [f (x)]2 − 2, clearly showing any asymptotes with
their equations and the coordinates of any local maxima or minima.

MEDIUM
Question 103
[Maximum mark: 7]
Consider the equation 32x3 − 144x2 + 214x − 105 = 0.
(a) Find the sum and product of the roots of this equation. [1]
(b) The roots of this equation are three consecutive terms of an arithmetic
sequence. Taking the roots to be a − d, a, a + d, solve the equation. [6]

Question 104
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 15]
Let f (x) = 16 − x2 , for x ∈ R.
(a) Find the x-intercepts of the graph of f . [2]
The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .
Rectangle ABCD is drawn with A & B on the x-axis and C & D on the graph of f .
Let OA = a.
(b) Show that the area of ABCD is 32a − 2a3 . [2]
(c) Hence find the value of a > 0 such that the area of ABCD is a maximum. [4]
Let g(x) = (x − 4)2 + k , for x ∈ R, where k is a constant.
(d) Show that when the graphs of f and g intersect, 2x2 − 8x + k = 0. [2]
(e) Given that the graphs of f and g intersect only once, find the value of k . [5]

Question 105
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 12]
Consider the polynomial p(z) = z 5 + z 4 − z 3 + z 2 + 4z + 2, for z ∈ C.
(a) Write down the sum and product of the roots of p(z) = 0. [2]
(b) Show that (z + 1) is a factor of p(z). [2]
The polynomial can be written in the form p(z) = (z + 1)3 (z 2 + cz + d).
(c) Find the value of c and the value of d. [5]
(d) Hence find the complex roots of p(z) = 0. [3]

Question 106
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
Two distinct roots for the polynomial equation z 4 − 10z 3 + cz 2 + dz + 170 are a + i and 1 + ib where
a, b, c, d ∈ Z, b > 0.
(a) Write down the other two roots in terms of a and b. [1]
(b) Find the value of a and the value of b. [6]

Question 107
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 5]
When p(x) = x2 − 2x − c is divided by (x − r), the remainder is −5.

Given that c, r ∈ R, find the smallest possible value for c.

Question 108
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
3 sin( πx
4 )
Let f (x) = e
, for x > 0.
The k th maximum point on the graph of f has x-coordinate xk , where k ∈ Z+ .
(a) Given that xk+1 = xk + d, find d.

[4]
n
[4]
(b) Hence find the value of n such that ∑ xk = 992.
k=1

Question 109
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let f (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, for x ∈ R, where a, b, c, d ∈ Q. The diagram below shows part of the
graph of y = f (x).
(a) Using the information shown in the diagram, find the values of a, b, c and d. [4]
3
(b) Let g(x) = − f (−2x + 1).
4

(i) Find the coordinates of the points where the graph of y = g(x) intercepts the x-axis.
(ii) Find the y -intercept of the graph of y = g(x). [3]

MEDIUM
Question 110
[Maximum mark: 16]
The graph of a function f has its vertex at the point (1, 7) and intersects the x-axis at x = −3.
(a) Find f in the form f (x) = a (x − h)2 + k . [3]
2n2
The function g is defined by g(x) = mx2 − 2nx + where x ∈ R, m ∈ R+ and n ∈ R.
m
(b) In the case where g(−2) = g(1) = 3,
(i) find the value of m and the value of n;
(ii) Find the range of g . [7]
The linear function h is defined by h(x) = nx + 1 where x ∈ R.
(c) Show that the graphs of h and g have two distinct points of intersection for every possible value of
m ∈ R+ and n ∈ R. [6]

Question 111
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 11]
1
Consider f (x) = − ln ( x2 − 4).
2

(a) Find the largest possible domain D for f to be a function. [2]
1
The function f is defined by f (x) = − ln ( x2 − 4), for x ∈ D.
2

(b) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), showing clearly the equations of asymptotes and the coordinates of
any intercepts with the axes. [3]
(c) Explain why f is an even function. [1]
(d) Explain why the inverse function f −1 does not exist. [1]
1
1
The function g is defined by g(x) = − ln ( x2 − 4), for x ∈ (2, ∞).
2

(e) Find the inverse function g −1 and state its domain. [4]

Question 112
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 14]
A quadratic function f can be written in the form f (x) = p(x − 1)(x − q).
The graph of y = f (x) has axis of symmetry x = 2 and y -intercept at (0, −3).
(a) Find the value of q . [3]
(b) Find the value of p. [3]
The line y = kx + 6 is a tangent to the graph of y = f (x).
(c) Find the possible values of k . [8]

Question 113
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 12]
Let f (x) = x4 − x3 − 5x2 + 3x + 2, for x ∈ R.
(a) Solve the inequality f (x) < 0. [3]
(b) For the graph of y = f (x), find the coordinates of the local maximum point. Round your answers to
three significant figures. [3]
The domain of f is now restricted to [a, b] where a, b ∈ R.
(c) (i) Write down the smallest value of a < 0 and the largest value of b > 0 for which f has an
inverse. Give your answers correct to three significant figures.
(ii) For these values of a and b, sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = f −1 (x) on the same set of
axes, showing clearly the coordinates of the end points of each curve.
(iii) Solve the equation f −1 (x) = −1. [6]

Question 114
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
Consider the equation 2z 4 + az 3 + bz 2 + cz + d = 0, where a, b, c, d ∈ R and z ∈ C. Two of the roots of

the equation are log2 10 and i 5 and the sum of all the roots is 4 + log2 5.

Show that 15a + d + 90 = 0.

Question 115
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
9 − 12x 20
 , where c =
 0.
cx − 20

(a) The line x = 5 is a vertical asymptote to the graph of y = f (x).
(i) Find the value of c.
(ii) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the graph of y = f (x). [4]
(b) The line y = h, where h ∈ R, intersects the graph of y = ∣∣f (x)∣∣ at exactly one point. Find the

possible values of h. [3]

MEDIUM
Question 116
[Maximum mark: 13]
It is given that f (x) = 2x4 + 5x3 + ax2 + bx + 4, for x ∈ R, where a, b ∈ Z.
(a) Given that x2 + x − 2 is a factor of f (x), find the values of a and b. [4]
(b) Factorise f (x) into a product of linear factors. [4]
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), labeling the maximum and minimum points and the x and y
intercepts. [3]
(d) Using your graph, state the range of values of c for which f (x) = c has exactly four distinct real
roots. [2]

MEDIUM
Question 117
[Maximum mark: 8]
∣ 5 ∣
(a) Sketch the curve y = − and line y = −x − 4 on the same axes,
∣x − 2∣

clearly indicating any x and y intercepts and any asymptotes. [3]
5 [5]
(b) Find the exact solutions to the equation x + 4 = .
∣x − 2∣


Question 118
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 12]
(a) Show that 3 loga3 x = loga x where a, x ∈ R+ .
[2]
It is given that log2 y + log8 4x2 + log8 2x = 0.

(b) Express y in terms of x. Give your answer in the form y = bxc where b, c are constants. [6]
The region R, is bounded by the graph of the function found in part (b), the x-axis, and the lines x = 1
3
and x = k where k > 1. The area of R is .
2

(c) Find the value of k . [4]

MEDIUM
Question 119
[Maximum mark: 8]
1 5
Let p(x) = x − 2x4 − 5x3 + 40x2 + 16x − 128, for x ∈ R.
4

(a) For the polynomial equation p(x) = 0, state:

(i) the sum of the roots;
(ii) the product of the roots. [3]
A new polynomial is defined by q(x) = p(2x − 2).
(b) For the polynomial equation q(x) = 0, find:

(i) the sum of the roots;
(ii) the product of the roots. [5]

Question 120
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 17]
4x
The function f is defined by f (x) = 1 + , for x =
 −3.
x+3

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), indicating clearly any asymptotes and
points of intersection with the x and y axes. [4]
(b) Find an expression for f −1 . [4]
(c) Find all values of x for which f (x) = f −1 (x). [3]
(d) Solve the inequality ∣f (x)∣ < 2. [4]
(e) Solve the inequality f (∣x∣) < 2. [2]

Question 121
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
Consider the quadratic polynomial p(x) = 2kx2 + 15kx + 3k + 6, where k ∈ R.
(a) Find an expression for the product of the roots of p(x) in terms of k . [1]
(b) Find the values of k for which p(x) has two distinct negative real roots. [5]

Question 122
HARD
[Maximum mark: 18]
Consider the family of polynomials of the form P (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d where coefficients a, b, c and d
belong to the set {2, 6, 8, 24}.
(a) Find the number of possible polynomials if
(i) each coefficient value can be repeated;
(ii) each coefficient must be different. [4]
Consider the case where P (x) has x + 3 as a factor, two imaginary roots, and all the coefficients are
different.
(b) (i) By considering the sum of the roots, find the two possible combinations for coefficients a and b
.
(ii) Show that there is only one way to assign the values a, b, c, and d if P (0) = 24. [7]
Now, consider the polynomial with the coefficients found in part (b) (ii).
(c) (i) Express P (x) as a product of one linear and one quadratic factor.
(ii) Determine the three roots of P (x). [7]

Question 123
HARD
[Maximum mark: 8]
(a) Solve the inequality x2 ≥ 2x + 3. [2]
(b) Use mathematical induction to prove that 2n > n2 − 2 for all n ∈ Z+ , n ≥ 3. [6]

Question 124
HARD
[Maximum mark: 8]
The function f is defined by f (x) = e2x − 4ex + 2, for x ∈ R, x ≤ a, where a ∈ R.
Part of the graph of y = f (x) is shown in the following diagram.
(a) Find the largest value of a such that f has an inverse function. [3]
(b) For this value of a, find an expression for f −1 (x), stating its domain. [5]

Question 125
HARD
[Maximum mark: 20]
7
Consider the function defined by f (x) = for x ∈ R, x =
 −7, x =
 1.
x2 + 6x − 7

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), showing the values of any axes intercepts, the coordinates of any
local maxima and minima, and the graphs of any asymptotes. [6]
7
Next, consider the function g defined by g(x) = for x ∈ R, x > 1.
x2 + 6x − 7

16x + 7 [6]
(b) Show that g −1 (x) = −3 + .
(c) State the domain of g −1 . [1]

x
Now, consider the function h defined by h(x) = arccos ( ).
7

π
(d) Given that (h ∘ g ) (a) = , find the value of a. Give your answer in the form p + q 2 where p, q ∈
3

Z. [7]

Question 126
HARD
[Maximum mark: 27]
This question asks you to investigate some properties of cubic functions and their tangents.
Consider the cubic function q(x) = x3 − 6x2 − x + 30.
(a) (i) Show that x = 5 is a root of q(x) = 0.
(ii) Hence, factorise q(x) as a product of linear factors.
(iii) Find the equation of the tangent to y = q(x) at x = 4.
(iv) Sketch y = q(x) and the tangent to x = 4 on the same set of axes. [9]
Consider the cubic function f (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, a =  0, and the line L(x) = mx + 1.
With the point (x∗ , f (x∗ )) being a point of inflection on f (x).

Let x1 , x2 , x3 be the roots of the equation f (x) − L(x) = 0.

(b) (i) Show that the sum of the roots is a constant which is independent of the choice of line L.
x1 + x2 + x3 [5]
(ii) Show that y = f (x) has an inflection point at x∗ = .

3

Suppose y = L(x) is a tangent to y = f (x) at the point x = x1 .
(c) (i) Show that f ′ (x) − L′ (x) = 3a(x − x1 )(x − β) for some β .

a
(ii) Hence show that f (x) − L(x) = (x − x1 )2 (2x + x1 − 3β).
2

(iii) Assuming it exists, find the x-coordinate of the other point of intersection between the cubic
and the line, in terms of x1 and x∗ .

(iv) Sketch the functions f (x) and L(x) on the same axes identifying the x-coordinate of the points
of intersection and inflection.
(v) In the case that L(x) = 0, interpret the result in (c)(iii) in terms of the graph of the cubic
function and its x-intercepts. [13]
Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit Mark complete

Ask Newton
Question 127
HARD
[Maximum mark: 25]
This question asks you to investigate some properties of even and odd functions.
5
5
Consider the functions f1 (x) = 3 and f2 (x) = 3x2 + 8.

(a) Determine whether:
(i) The function f1 (x) is an even function or an odd function,

(ii) The function f2 (x) is an even function or an odd function.

[4]
Suppose g(x) is a function with domain R and let h and j be the functions
g(x) + g(−x) g(x) − g(−x)

h(x) = , j(x) =

2 2

(b) (i) Show that g(x) = h(x) + j(x).
(ii) Hence, show that g(x) is the sum of an even and an odd function. [4]
(c) Using the results from part (b), find the even part and the odd part of
g(x) = x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 − 2x [3]
Let f (x) be a function that is differentiable for all x ∈ R.
(d) Show that:
(i) if f (x) is an even function, then f ′ (x) is an odd function
(ii) if f (x) is an odd function, then f ′ (x) is an even function. [4]
(e) Show that if f (x) is an even function defined and differentiable at x = 0, then:
(i) f ′ (0) = 0,
(ii) f 2k+1 (0) = 0 for k ∈ Z+ ,
(iii) its Maclaurin series expansion contains only even powers of x. [5]
(f) Show that if f (x) is an odd function, then its Maclaurin series expansion contains only odd powers
of x. [5]
Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit Mark complete

Ask Newton
Question 128
HARD
[Maximum mark: 14]
The cubic polynomial equation x3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 has three roots x1 , x2 and x3 . By expanding the
product (x − x1 )(x − x2 )(x − x3 ), show that

(a) (i) b = −(x1 + x2 + x3 );

(ii) c = x1 x2 + x1 x3 + x2 x3 ;

(iii) d = −x1 x2 x3 .
[3]
It is given that b = −9 and c = 45 for parts (b) and (c) below.
(b) (i) In the case that the three roots x1 , x2 and x3 form an arithmetic

sequence, show that one of the roots is 3.
(ii) Hence determine the value of d. [5]
(c) In another case the three roots form a geometric sequence. Determine
the value of d. [6]

Question 129
HARD
[Maximum mark: 22]
Let f (x) = x4 − 0.4x3 − 2.85x2 + 0.9x + 1.35, for x ∈ R.
(a) Find the solutions for f (x) > 0. [3]
(b) For the graph of y = f (x),
(i) find the coordinates of local minimum and maximum points.
(ii) find the x-coordinates of the points of inflexion. [5]
The domain of f is now restricted to [a, b] where a, b ∈ R+ .
(c) (i) Write down the smallest value of a > 0 and the largest value of b > 0 for which f has an
inverse. Give your answers correct to three significant figures.
(ii) For these values of a and b, sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = f −1 (x) on the same set of
axes, showing clearly the coordinates of the end points of each curve.
(iii) Solve f −1 (x) = 0.5. [6]
2 1 1 π 1 π
Let g(x) = sin(2x − 1) + , − ≤ x ≤ + .
3 2 2 4 2 4

(d) (i) Find an expression for g −1 and state its domain.
(ii) Solve (f −1 ∘ g)(x) < 0.5. [8]

Question 130
HARD
[Maximum mark: 17]
Consider the function g(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where x ∈ R and a, b, c, d ∈ R.
(a) (i) Write down an expression for g ′ (x).
(ii) Hence, given that g −1 does not exist, show that b2 − 3ac > 0. [3]
x3 9
Consider the function f (x) = + 3x2 + 6x +
2 2

(b) (i) Show that f −1 exists.
(ii) f (x) can be written in the form p(x + 2)3 + q , where p, q ∈ R. Find the value of p and the
value of q .
(iii) Hence, find f −1 (x). [7]
The graph of f (x) may be obtained by transforming the graph of y = x3 using a sequence of three
transformations.
(c) State each of the transformations in the order in which they are applied. [3]
(d) Sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = f −1 (x) on the same set of axes, indicating the points where
each graph crosses the coordinate axes. [4]

Question 131
HARD
[Maximum mark: 22]
x2 − 1
A function f (x) is defined by f (x) = arccos ( ) , x ∈ R.
x2 + 1

(a) Show that f is an even function. [1]
(b) Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the graph of y = f (x). [2]
2x
(c) (i) Show that f ′ (x) = − for x ∈ R, x =
 0.
x2 (x2 + 1)

(ii) Using the expression for f ′ (x) and the result x2 = ∣x∣, show that f is increasing for x < 0.
[9]
x2 − 1
A function g is defined by g(x) = arccos ( ), x ∈ R, x ≥ 0.
x2 + 1

(d) Find the range of g . [2]
(e) Find an expression for g −1 (x). [4]
(f) State the domain of g −1 (x). [1]
(g) Sketch the graph of y = g −1 (x). Clearly indicating any asymptotes with their equations and stating
the values of any axes intercepts. [3]

Question 132
HARD
[Maximum mark: 17]
3π
The following diagram shows the graph of y = arctan(2x − 3) + for x ∈ R,
4

π 5π
with asymptotes at y = and y = .
4 4

(a) Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the graph of

3π [3]
y = arctan x to the graph of y = arctan(2x − 3) + for x ∈ R.
4

p−q
(b) Show that arctan p − arctan q ≡ arctan ( ). [3]
1 + pq

1
(c) Verify that arctan(x + 2) − arctan(x + 1) = arctan ( ). [3]
(x + 1)2 + (x + 1) + 1

(d) Using mathematical induction and the results from part (b) and (c), prove that [8]
n
1
∑ arctan ( ) = arctan(n + 1) −
π
for n ∈ Z+ .
r2 +r+1 4

r=1

HARD
Question 133
[Maximum mark: 22]
Consider the function defined by f (x) = (2x − 6) ln(x + 3) + x for x ∈ R, x > p.
(a) Find the value of p. [2]
(b) Find an expression for f ′ (x). [3]
The graph of y = f (x) has no points of inflexion.
(c) Determine if the graph of y = f (x) is concave down or concave up over its domain. [3]
1
The function g is defined by g(x) = 3 ln ( ) + x, for x ∈ R, x > −3.
x+3

(d) Find an expression for g ′ (x). [4]
(e) Find the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of g ′ (x). [2]
(f) Find the exact value of the minimum of y = g(x). [3]
(g) Solve f (x) < g(x) for x ∈ R, x > −3. [5]

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IB Mathematics AA HL Questionbank - Functions

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17/1/24, 12:29 IB Mathematics AA HL Questionbank - Functions

Let f (x) = 2x, g(x) = 4x + 6 and h(x) = (f ∘ g)(x), for x ∈ R.

(a) Find h(x). [2]

(b) Find h−1 (x). [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = a(x − h)2 + k , for x ∈ R.

(b) Find the value of a. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f .

The vertex is at point A and the x-intercepts are at points B and C.

The function f can be written in the form f (x) = (x − h)2 + k .

(a) Write down the values of h and k . [2]

(b) Write down the values of p and q . [2]

(c) Find the y -intercept of the graph of f . [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = x3 and g(x) = 2x − 1, for x ∈ R.

(a) Find g −1 (x). [2]

(b) Find (g ∘ f )(x). [2]

(c) Solve the equation (g ∘ f )(x) = 0. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = x2 − 2x − 8, for x ∈ R.

(a) Write down the y -intercept of the graph of y = f (x). [1]

(b) Solve the equation f (x) = 0. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = x2 + 2 and g(x) = x − 3, for x ∈ R.

(a) Find f (3). [2]

(c) Find g −1 (x). [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = (x − 3)(x + 1), for x ∈ R.

For the graph of f , find:

(a) the y -intercept; [2]

(b) the x-intercepts; [2]

(c) the coordinates of the vertex. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = 4x − 3 and g(x) = 2x, for x ∈ R.

(a) Write down the value of g(5). [1]

(b) Find (f ∘ g)(x). [2]

(c) Find (f ∘ g)−1 (x). [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

The equation x2 + kx + 4 = 0 has two equal roots.

Find the possible values of k .

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = 4x − 2, for x ∈ R.

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = x2 − 4x + 3, for x ∈ R.

(a) For the graph of y = f (x), find:

(i) the y -intercept;

(ii) the x-intercepts. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = (x + 2)3 , for x ∈ R.

(a) Find f −1 (x). [3]

Let g be a function so that (f ∘ g)(x) = 27x6 .

(b) Find g(x). [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

The equation of a line L1 is 2x + 3y = −5.

(a) Find the gradient of L1 . ​ [2]

A second line, L2 , is perpendicular to L1 .

(b) State the gradient of L2 . ​ [1]

The point P(4, 0) lies on L2 . ​

The point Q is the intersection of L1 and L2 . ​ ​

(d) Find the coordinates of Q. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f and g be functions such that g(x) = 3f (x − 2) + 1, for x ∈ R.

a vertical stretch by a factor of k, followed by

(a) Find the gradient of L1 . [2]

(b) State the gradient of L2 . [1]

The point P(4, 0) lies on L2 .

The point Q is the intersection of L1 and L2 .

P (t) = 8000 × 2−t + 100, t ≥ 0.