Chapters: Cell and Matter in our Surroundings Time: 1 Hour

Max Marks: 30 (All questions carry 2 marks)

1. What happens when an inflated air balloon is pricked with a pin? Name
the property of the gaseous state exhibited by this observation.
2. (a) why do gases exert more pressure on walls of a container than solids?
(b) why are gases compressible but not solids?
3. (a) Why is steam at 100˚C better for heating than water at 100˚C?
(b) Why does temperature of a substance remain constant during its
melting point or boiling point?
4. Define the term latent heat of fusion. Draw a temperature-time graph
showing conversion of ice to water (from –3˚C to +3˚C).
5. Write the functions of (a) lysosomes (b) endoplasmic reticulum
6. Define (a) hypertonic solution (b) endocytosis
7. Write two differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
8. Which part of the plant contains (i) leucoplast (ii) chromoplast?
9. Write two differences between plant cell and animal cell.
10. What is the significance of pores present on the nuclear membrane?
11. What is membrane biogenesis? Which two cell organelles are most
involved in membrane biogenesis?
12. Define (i) plasmolysis (ii) osmosis
13. Convert (i) 212˚C to Kelvin (ii) 212K to ˚C
14. Give reasons:
(i) a desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day.
(ii) our palm feels cold when we put acetone on it.
15. (i) which gas is called dry ice? And why?
(ii) You want to wear your favourite shirt to a party, but the problem is
that it is still wet after a wash. What steps would you take to dry it faster?
 ANSWERS

1. The balloon bursts and the gas inside the balloon rushes out. The
property of gaseous state exhibited here is that gases exert pressure on
the walls of the container.
2. (a) In gases, the particles move randomly at high speed and they collide
with each other and with the walls of the container.
(b) Gases are compressible because the intermolecular space is very large
in gases, whereas liquids are not compressible because in liquids, the
intermolecular space is less.
3. (a) steam contains extra latent heat of vapourization
(b) The temperature of a substance remains constant at its melting and
boiling points until all the substance melts or boils because, the heat
supplied is continuously used up in changing the state of the substance by
overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles. This heat
energy absorbed without showing any rise in temperature is given the
name latent heat of fusion/latent heat of vaporisation.
4. (a) The amount of heat that is required to change 1 kg of solid into liquid
at atmospheric pressure without any change in temperature at its melting
point, is known as latent heat of fusion.
(b) Graph
5. (a) lysosomes: waste disposal system of the cell
(b) endoplasmic reticulum: synthesize lipids and proteins inside the cell
6. (a) hypertonic solution: a solution having solute concentration higher
than that of the cell sap is called hypertonic solution.
(b) endocytosis: ingestion or engulfment of food and other material by
folding of the plasma membrane it as seen in Amoeba.
7. Differences

8. (i) leucoplast: storage organs of the plant

(ii) chromoplast: coloured parts of the plant (fruit, flower etc.)
9. Differences
10. The pores present on the nuclear membrane allow transport of water-
soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope. RNA and ribosomes move
out of the nucleus, whereas carbohydrates, lipids and proteins move into
the nucleus.
11. The process of plasma membrane formation is called membrane
biogenesis. Two main cell organelles are ER and Golgi body.

12. (i) plasmolysis: Shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium

(ii) osmosis: osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a solution
with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower
concentration of water molecules, through a cell's partially permeable
membrane.
13. (i) 485K (ii) –61˚C
14. (i) temperature is high and less humid on a hot dry day, thus enabling
faster evaporation.
(ii) acetone evaporates on coming in contact with air. Evaporation is
facilitated as it uses heat from the palm, hence leaving a cooling effect.
15. (i) CO2 is called dry ice, because it undergoes deposition.
(ii) Conditions that can increase the rate of evaporation of water are:
• An increase in the surface area by spreading the shirt.
• An increase in the temperature by putting the shirt under the sun.
• Increase in the wind speed by spreading it under the fan.