Global warming, the phenomenon of increasing average air temperatures near the surface of

Earth over the past one to two centuries, is a critical issue that affects our planet. Let’s explore it
further:
• Definition: Global warming refers to the long-term heating of Earth’s surface observed
since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities,
primarily fossil fuel burning. These activities increase heat-trapping greenhouse gas
levels in Earth’s atmosphere12.
• Causes:
o Greenhouse Effect: The rise in global temperatures is a result of an increase in
the magnitude of the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases (such as water vapor,
carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides) trap heat, leading to a warming
effect.
o Human Activities: Burning coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as deforestation,
release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, intensifying the greenhouse effect.
• Effects:
o Rising Temperatures: Average temperatures today are approximately 1°C
(1.8°F) higher than before widespread coal burning began around 1750.
o Sea Level Rise: Melting ice sheets and glaciers contribute to rising sea levels,
threatening coastal communities.
o Extreme Weather Events: Global warming leads to more frequent and severe
heatwaves, storms, and droughts.
o Impact on Ecosystems: Shifts in ecosystems, species migration, and disruptions
in natural cycles occur due to changing temperatures.
• Solutions:
o Reducing Emissions: Transitioning to renewable energy sources and promoting
energy efficiency can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
o Afforestation: Planting trees helps absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
o International Cooperation: Global efforts, such as the Paris Agreement, aim to
limit global warming by reducing emissions.