CHAPTER 5 – CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

CONTINUITY

Suppose f is a real function on a subset of the real numbers and let c be a point in the domain of

f. Then f is continuous at c if

lim f x f
x c

A function is continuous at x = c if the function is defined at x = c and if the value of the

function at x = c equals the limit of the function at x = c. If f is not continuous at c, we say f is

discontinuous at c and c is called a point of discontinuity of f.

CONTINUOUS FUNCTION

A real function f is said to be continuous if it is continuous at every point in the domain of f.

Suppose f is a function defined on a closed interval [a, b], then for f to be continuous, it needs to

be continuous at every point in [a, b] including the end points a and b. Continuity of f at a means

lim+ f x f
x

and continuity of f at b means

lim− f x f
x

A function f(x) is continuous at a point x = m if

lim− f x lim+ f x f m
x x

where limf x is Left Hand Limit of f(x) at x = m and lim+ f x is Right Hand Limit of f(x) at x
x

= m. Also f(m) is the value of function f(x) at x = m.

REMARKS

o odulus functions is Continuous on R.

o Trigonometric functions are continuous in their respective domains.

76
 o Exponential function is continuous on R.

o Every identity function is continuous.

o Every constant function is continuous.

o Every polynomial function is continuous on R.

o Every rational function is continuous.

o Greatest integer function is continuous on all non-integral real numbers.

ALGEBRA OF CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS

uppose f and g are two real functions, continuous at real number . Then,

(1) f + g is continuous at x = c.

(2) f – g is continuous at x = c.

(3) f . g is continuous at x = c.

(4) ( ) is continuous at x (provided g ≠0 .

x − −1
(i) lim n
x x−

s x
(ii) lim 1
x x

t x
(iii) lim 1
x x

−1
(iv) lim 1
x x

1
(v) lim 0 p∈ 0
x x

1 x
(vi) lim 1
x x

−1
(vii) lim log
x x

77
 s −1 x
(viii) lim 1
x x

1 x
(x) lim 1 x
x

s x
(xi) lim 0
x x

1 x
(xii) lim (1 )
x x

(xiii) lim sin x lim os x lies between 1 to 1

x x

DIFFERENTIABILITY OF A FUNCTION AT A POINT

Let f be a real function and a be a real number. We say that f is differentiable or derivable at a if

x −
lim exists and is finite.
x x−

We denote this limit by f called the derivative or differential coefficient of f at a.

x −
Symbolically, we may write it as f lim x≠ .
x x−

RIGHT-HAND DERIVATIVE

x −
lim , if it exists finitely is called the right-hand derivative of f(x) at x = a and is
x x−

denoted by Rf or f 0 . Symbolically,

f x f
f 0 lim x ≠ , if it exists finitely.
x x

LEFT-HAND DERIVATIVE

x −
lim , if it exists finitely is called the left-hand derivative of f(x) at x = a and is denoted
x x−

by Rf or f 0 . Symbolically,

x −
f 0 lim x ≠ , if it exists finitely.
x x−

78
NOTE: A function is derivable at x =a if the right-hand derivative and left-hand derivative at

the point x = a exist and are equal and it is denoted by f

RELATION BETWEEN CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

Every differentiable function is continuous. But every continuous function need not be

differentiable.

STANDARD DERIVATIVES

Function Derivative

f(x) or y f|(x) or

u±v u v
u| ± v| (or) +
x x

Product Rule: u.v v u

u. v| + v. u| (or) u +v
x x

u
Quotient Rule: vu −uv v −u
v (or)
v2 v2

k(constant) 0

xn nxn-1

x 1

√x 1
2 √x

sinx cosx

cosx -sinx

tanx sec2x

secx secx.tanx

cosecx - cosecx.cotx

cotx -cosec2x

79
 logx 1
x

ex ex

sin-1x 1
√1 x

cos-1x 1
√1 x

tan-1x 1
1 x

cosec-1x 1
x√ x 1

sec-1x 1
x√ x 1

cot-1x 1
1 x

CHAIN RULE

Let f be a real valued function which is a composite of two function u and v; i.e., f = v o u.
t v
Suppose that t = u(x) and if both and exist, we have
x t
v t
= .
x t x

Suppose f is a real valued function which is a composite of three functions u, v and w;

i.e., f = (w o u) o v. if t = v(x) and s = u(t), then

w s t
= . .
x s t x

DERIVATIVES OF IMPLICIT FUNCTION

Explicit Function

An explicit function is one which is given in terms of the independent variable.

Example: y = x2 + 3x – 8
80
Implicit Function

Implicit functions, on the other hand, are usually given in terms of both dependent and

independent variables.

Example: y + x2 - 3x + 8 = 0

DERIVATIVES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

f(x) sin-1x cos-1x tan-1x cosec-1x sec-1x cot-1x

1 1 1 1 1 1
f|(x)
√1 x √1 x 1 x x√x 1 x√x 1 1 x

EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

f(x) ex logx
1
f|(x) ex
x

LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION
Some Basic Logarithmic Rules

a. log ab = log a + log b

b. log ( ) = log a – log b

c. log an = n.log a

DERIVATIVES OF FUNCTIONS IN PARAMETRIC FORMS

A parametric equation defines a group of quantities as functions of one or more

independent variables called parameters. Parametric equations are commonly used to express

the coordinates of the points that make up a geometric object such as a curve or surface, in

which case the equations are collectively called a parametric representation or parameterization.

81
A relation expressed between two variables x and y in the form x = f(t), y = g(t) is said to be

parametric form with ‘t’ as a parameter.

y⁄
y t
In order to find derivative of function in such form, = x⁄
x t

SECOND ORDER DERIVATIVES

Let y = f(x), then

y
= f|(x)
x

If f|(x) is differentiable, we may differentiate the above equation again w.r.to x. Then, the left-

y
hand side becomes ) which is called the second order derivative of y w.r.to x and it is
x x

2y
denoted by . The second order derivative of f(x) is denoted by f||(x). It is also denoted by D2y
x2

or y|| or y2.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1
1. The number of points at which the function f x is not continuous is
x− x

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) None of these

s x
os x if x ≠ 0
2. The function f x 2 x is continuous at x 0, then the value of k is
k if x 0
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 1.5
x−1
3. The function f x is discontinuous at
x x2 −1

(a) Exactly one point (b) Exactly two points

(c) Exactly three points (d) No point

y
4. If y log √t n x, then the value of at x is
x
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) Not defined

y
5. If y √sin x y, then is equal to
x
c sx c sx s x s x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
y−1 1− y 1− y y−1
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 k 3x 5x x 0
6. For what value of k may the function f x become continuous?
os x x>0
1
(a) - (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) No value

7. The function f(x) = x|x| is

(a) Continuous and differentiable at x = 0 (b) Continuous and but differentiable at x = 0

(c) Differentiable but not continuous at x = 0 (d) Neither differentiable nor continuous at x = 0

y
8. If y s t n−1 x , then at x 1 is equal to:
x
1 1
(a) √2 (b) (c) 1 (d)
√

9. If f x 2x 3 sin x 6, then the right hand derivative of f x at x 0 is

(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 2

c s x−s x y
10. f y , then is
c sx s x x

(a) s ( x) (b) s ( x) (c) log |s ( x)| (d) -log |s ( x)|

x y
11. f y log sin th n is
x
x x x x x x
(a) cot (b) cosec (c) cot (d) cosec

y
12. If y sin x , then is equal to
x

(a) 2sinx cosx (b) 3x sinx cosx (c) 6x sinx cosx (d) 2x sin x

2x
13. f x os 4t sin 4t th n is qu l to
t2

(a) x (b) –x (c) 16x (d) -16x

14. f f x os x th n f ( ) is
−1 1
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) (d)
√ √

15. If x os sin y sin os , then which of the following is true?

83
 2y y 2y y
(a) y x y 0 (b) y x y 0
x2 x x2 x

2y y 2y y
(c) y x y 0 (d) y x y 0
x2 x x2 x

y y
16. If y log log x , then the value of is
x

y 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x x x x

x x−
17. [log , ( )- ] is equal to
x x

x2 1 x2 −1 2
x x −1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
x2 − x2 − x2 −

x y
18. If y , then
x

(a) y(1 + logx) (b) yxx(1 + logx) (c) yex(1 + logx) (d) None of these

y
19. If y x y−x
, then is equal to
x

1 y 1 y 2 1 y 1 y 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
y y y y y 2 y

20. If x2 + y2 = 1, then

(a) yy 2y 1 0 ( ) yy y 1 0

( ) yy y 1 0 (d) yy 2 y 1 0

mx 1 if x
21. If f x [ is continuous at x , then
sin x n if x >

(a) m = 1, n = 0 (b) m = +1 (c) n = (d) m = n =

1−x2 y
22. If y log ( ) , then , is equal to
1 x2 x

x3 x 1 − x3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1−x4 1−x4 −x4 1−x4

84
 2y
23. If x t and y t , then is equal to
x2

(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these

t t

y
24. If y ot −1 os 2x 1
, then the value of at x will be
x

1 1 1 1 1
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) 3 (d) 6

1 x y
25. If y , then is equal to
x

(a) e (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) (d) log x x

xy y
26. If x y sin x, then at x 0
x

(a) -1 (b) -2 (c) 1 (d) 2

27. The value of the derivative of |x – 1| + |x – 3| at x = 2 is

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) -2

y
28. If sinx + y = logx, then is
x

1−x 1−x 1 x
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
xs y x c sy x c sy

c sx
29. The derivative of sin x w.r.t is
c sx c sx
(a) (b) - (c) (d) None of these

2y
30. If y = cos-1x, then in term of y alone is
x2

(a) –coty.cosec2y (b) cosecy.cot2y (c) coty.cosecy (d) None of these

2y
31. If x = f(t) and y = g(t) then is
x2

t t t − t t t t − t t
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
t t 3 t 2

85
 2y
32. y os x 3x then
x2

(a) 3x (b) cos2x (c) 3cos2x (d) -2cos2x

2y
33. If y = x3 logx, then
x2

(a) x(5 + 6logx) (b) x (c) 5 + 6logx (d) logx.

y
34. If y = 4x + 9 then is
x

(a) 4x + 9 (b) 4x + 9 log4 (c) log4 (d) logx + 4

x 3 if x 3
35. The point of discontinuity for the function f x { 2x if 3 < x < 3 is
6x 2 if x ≥ 3
(a) x = 0 (b) x = -3 (c) x = 3 (d) x = -3, 3

1−s 3 x
if x <
c s2 x
36. For what values of and , the function f x if x is continuous at x is
1−s x
if x >
{ − x 2
1 1 1
(a) a = , b = 4 (b) a = 2, b = (c) a = 1, b = 4 (d) a = 4, b =

1−c s x
if x ≠ 0
x2
37. The point of discontinuity for the function f x { 1 is
if x 0
1
(a) x = 0 (b) x = 1 (c) x = (d) No point of discontinuity

1−t x
38. Derivative of √ with respect to x is
1 t x

−s c2 −x 1−t x 1 1−t x
(a) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) None of these
√t −x 1 t x 1 t x

39. Derivative of sin √sin √x with respect to x is

c s √s √x s √x s √s √x c s√x s √s √x s √x c s √s √x c s√x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
√s √x √x√c s√x √x√c s√x √x√s √x

86
 1 t t y
40. If x = ,y= , then is
t2 t x

1 1
(a) t (b) t2 (c) (d) - 2
t t

c s t s t y
41. If x and y then is equal to
x

y x ylog x x y x y
(a) (b) - xlog y (c) (d)
x y y x y x

x
42. If x 2 t y t then find at t 2
y
1
(a) (b) (c) (d)

43. t n−1 x ot −1 x is
x

1 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) - (d) Does not exist
1 x2 1 x2

44. The function f:R → R given by f(x) = -|x – 1| is

(a) Continuous as well as differentiable at x = 1

(b) Non continuous but differentiable at x = 1

(c) Continuous but not differentiable at x = 1

(d) Neither continuous nor differentiable at x = 1

45. The function f(x) = e|x| is

(a) Continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x = 0

(b) Continuous and differentiable everywhere

(c) Not continuous at x = 0

(d) None of these

46. The function f(x) = |x| | |x + 1| is

(a) Continuous at x = 0 as well as x = 1 (b) Continuous at x = 1 but not at x = 0

(c) Discontinuous at x = 0 as well as at x = 1 (d) Continuous at x = 0 but not x = 1

87
 x ≥1
47. Let f x , then f is derivable at x 1 if
x 1 x<1
1
(a) a = 1 (b) a = 0 (c) a = 2 (d)

− x y
48. If y and ky, then k is
x

(a) -2 (b) -1 (c) 2 (d) -2x + 3

2y
49. If y sin−1 x, then 1 x
x2
y y y y
(a) x (b) y (c) (d) -x
x x x x

x
50. If x 1 1, then
2y y 2y y 2y y 2y y
(a) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) 0 (d) ( ) 0
x2 x x2 x x2 x x2 x

ASSERTION - REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).

Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

y
1. Assertion: If y sin−1 (6x√1 9x ) then
x √1− x2

Reason: sin−1 (6x√1 9x ) = 3sin−1 2x.

2y −1
2. Assertion: If x t and y 2 at then t 2
x2 1

2y y t
Reason: ( ) ( )
x2 x x

c sx c sx
3. Assertion: sin x
x

x x
Reason:
x

88
 x−y y y x−1
4. Assertion: If xy then
x x 1 y
v v
Reason: uv u v
x x x

y
5. Assertion: If x sin y 1 os then t n
x

y
Reason: x f y g then
x

2y
6. Assertion: If y sin x os x then y 0
x2

2y y
Reason:
x2 x x

x
7. Assertion: The function f x is continuous at x = 0.
x
x
Reason: The left hand limit and right hand limit of the function f x are not equal at x = 0.
x

3x 4 0 x 2
8. Assertion: Let Let f x , . If f is continuous at x = 2, then value of k
2x k 2<x 9
is -2.
Reason: A function is said to be continuous at x = a if LHL = RHL = f(a).

9. Assertion: The number of points of discontinuity of the function f(x) = x – [x] in the interval

(0, 7) are 6.

Reason: The greatest integer function [x] is continuous at all integral points.

10. Assertion: f(x) = |x|sinx is differentiable at x = 0.

Reason: If f(x) is not differentiable and g(x) is differentiable at x = a, then f(x).g(x) can still be

differentiable at x = a.

x2 − x
for x ≠ 3
11. Consider the function f(x) = 2 x− is continuous at x = 3.
k for x 3
Assertion: The value of k is 4

Reason: If f(x) is continuous at point a then lim f x f .

x
89
 x−
if x < 3
12. Consider the function f(x) = 2 x− is continuous at x = 3.
5 if x ≥ 3

Assertion: The value of k is -5.

x− 1 if x ≥ 3
Reason:
x− 1 if x < 3

13. Assertion: (sin(cosx)) = cos(sinx).

x

Reason: Let f be a real valued function which is a composite of two functions u and v;

t v v t
i.e. f = u ○ v. uppose t = u(x) and if both and exist, we have .
x t x t x

14. Assertion: (sin-1(cosx)) = -1.

x

Reason: sin-1(sinx) = x, for |x| ≤ 1 and cosx = sin( – x).

15. If 2x + 3y = siny.

y −
Assertion:
x −c s y

Reason: 2x + 3y = siny is an explicit function.

16. If y = logx

Assertion: xy y 0
2y y
Reason:
x2 x x

17. Assertion: |sinx| is continuous for all x ∈ R

Reason: sinx and |x| are continuous in R.

18. Let f(x) = [x – 1] + |x – 2|, wher [ ] denotes greatest integer function and | | denotes the

modulus function.

Assertion: f(x) is discontinuous at x = 2.

Reason: f(x) is non-derivable at x = 2.

90
19. Assertion: If f(x).g(x) is continuous at x = a, then f(x) and g(x) are separately continuous

at x = a.

Reason: Any function f(x) said to be continuous at x = a if lim f h f .

20. Assertion: Derivative of xx with respect of x is xx(1 + logx).

Reason: Assertion not true as derivative of xx with respect of x is xxx-1.

SHORT ANSWERS I

1. Find the relationship between a and b so that the function f defined by

x 1 if x 3
f x is continuous at x = 3.
x 3 if x>3
1
2. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) at x = , when f(x) is defined as follows:

1 1
x 0 x<
1
f x 1 x
1
x <x 1
{

k x 2 if x 0
3. For what value of k is the function defined by f x continuous at
3x 1 if x>0

x = 0? Also check whether the function is continuous at x = 1.

y
4. Find , if x y xy.
x

y
5. If xy y t nx y, find .
x

x √1−x2 y
6. If y os −1 [ ] , find .
x

x 1 √1−x2
7. Differentiate sin−1 [ ] w.r.t. x.
1

x y x y y y−x
8. If , prove that 0.
x

f x g x h x f x g x h x
y
9. If y | l m n | , then prove that | l m n |.
x

91
 y
10. Find at t when x 10 t sin t and y 12 1 os t .
x

y
11. Find at x 1y if sin y os xy k.
x

+1 x
12. Differentiate sin−1 ( ) with respect to x.
1

c s t s t y y x
13. If x and y , prove that .
x x y

+1 y
14. If y os −1 ( ) , then find .
1 x

15. Differentiate sin √sin x os x with respect to x.

16. Evaluate the derivative of the function √sin x os x at x 0.

√1 2 x2 −1
17. Differentiate the function t n−1 ( ) with respect to x.
x

y −y x
18. Find , when x and y are connected by the following relation: xy x y x
x

y
19. Find , when x and y are connected by the following relation: 3sin xy 4 os xy 5.
x

y
20. If 3x 3y 3x y , show that 3y−x .
x

21. Differentiate the function x s x c s x

with respect to x.

y
22. Find , when x 2 os y 2sin .
x

c s t s t y y x
23. If x and y , prove that
x x y

y
24. If x 2 os t os 2t and y 2sin t sin 2t, find at t .
x

25. Differentiate os −1 2x 1 with respect to os −1 x.

−x
26. Find the second order derivative of the function sin x.
2y c sx
27. If y t nx s x, prove that .
x2 1−s x 2

2y
28. Find , where x sin y 1 os at
x2

92
 2y
29. Find , where x 1 os y sin at
x2

30. If y ot −1 x, show that 1 x y 2xy1 0.

SHORT ANSWERS II

1−s 3 x
if x <
c s2 x
1. Find the values of p and q for which f(x) = p if x is continuous at x = .
q 1−s x
if x >
{ − x 2

2. Find the value of constant k sot that the function f defined below is continuous at x = 0, where

√1 x−√1− x
if 1 x<0
f x { x
x 1
if 0 x<1
x−1

1−c s x
when x<0
x2
3. If f x when x 0 and f is continuous at x = 0, find the value of a.
√x
when x>0
{ √1 √x −

1 if x 3
4. If f x { x if 3 < x < 5 find the values of a and b so that f(x) is a continuous
7 if x≥5
function.

5. Find the value of k so that the following function is continuous at x = 2.

x3 x2 −1 x
f(x) = { x− 2 ;x≠2
k x 2

sin x 1 x 0
6. For what value of a is the function f defined by f x {t x−s x is continuous
x>0
x3

at x = 0.

7. Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined as follows:

x 3 x 3
f x { 2x 3 < x < 3.
6x 2 x≥3

93
 s x
os x x>0
x
8. Show that the function f(x) is defined by f x 2 x 0 is continuous
1−√1−x
{ x<0
x

at x = 0.

9. If f(x) is defined by the following is continuous at x = 0, find the value of a, b and c.

s 1 x s x
if x<0
x
f x if x 0
√x x2 −√x
{ if x>0
x3 2

x 3x x 1
10. Find the values of a and b, if the function f defined by f x is
x 2 x>1

differentiable at x = 1.

11. Show that the function f(x) = |x – 1| + |x + 1| for all x ∈ R is not differentiable at the points

x = -1 and x = 1.

12. Find whether the following function is differentiable at x = 1 and x = 2 or not.

x x<1
f x { 2 x 1 x 2.
2 3x x x>2

x 2 if x 0
13. For what value of λ of the function defined by f x [ is continuous
4x 6 if x > 0

at x = 0? Hence check the differentiability of f(x) at x = 0.

y
14. If y sin−1 {x√1 x √x√1 x } and 0 < x < 1, then find .
x

xc s−1 x y c s−1 x
15. If y √1−x2
log √1 x , then prove that .
x 1−x2 3 2

x− y 3
16. If y t n−1 ( ) log √ , prove that .
x x x x4 − 4

1 1 y
17. If y √x 1 log 0 √1 1 , find .
x x2 x

y
18. Find the value of at , if x sin os and y sin os .
x

94
 y 1−y2
19. If √1 x √1 y x y , then show that √ .
x 1−x2

2y y
20. If x os sin and y sin os , then show that y x y 0.
x2 x

x y
21. If y x os x sin−1 √x, find .
x

1 1 y
22. If y √x 1 log . √1 / , then find .
x x2 x

y x
23. Find , when x and y are connected by the following relation: x y log x y sin
x

t −1 [(y−x2 ) x2 ] y
24. If x , find .
x

y (1−t2 ) t
25. Find ,x y
x 1 t2 1 t2

y
26. Find ,x 2sin sin 2 y 2 os os 2
x

t t y
27. If x sin−1 ( ) y t n−1 ( ) , prove that 1.
1 t2 1−t2 x

y 1 t
28. Show that is independent of t if x os −1 √t2 and y sin−1 √t2 .
x 1 1

√x √x
29. Differentiate t n−1 with respect to sin−1 .
1−x 1 x

x 1 x
30. Differentiate t n−1 ( ) with respect to sin .2 ot −1 √ /
1 √1−x2 1−x

31. Differentiate x s x
with respect to sin x x .

s −1 x 2y y
32. If y √1−x2
, prove that 1 x 3x y 0.
x2 x

2y
33. If x 2 os t ot 2t y 2sin t sin 2t, find the value of at t .
x2

2y y
x
34. If y sin x os x , prove that 2y 2y 0.
x2 x

35. If y t n−1 √x 1, show that 2x 1 y1 x x 1 y 0.

95
LONG ANSWERS
y
1. If t n−1 x y
yc tx
1, then find .
x

1 x 1
2. Differentiate with respect to x y (x ) x (x )
.
x

y c s2 y
3. If cosy = x cos(a + y), with cosa ≠ ±1, then prove that Hence show that
x s
2y y
sin sin 2 y 0
x2 x
y
4. If x os t 3 2 os t and y sin t 3 2sin t , then find the value of at t .
x

2x 2y 2y
5. If x os t tsin t and y sin t t os t 0 < t < , find and .
t2 t2 x2

1
6. If y log (√x ) , then prove that x x 1 y x 1 y1 2.
√x

x
7. Differentiate sin 2x sin−1 √3x with respect to x.

x−1 x 1 y x−1
8. If y log x 1 log x 1 , prove that log ( ).
x 1 x

9. If log y t n−1 x, prove that 1 x y 2x 1 y1 0.

2y 1 y y
10. If y x x , prove that ( ) 0.
x2 y x x

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

x 3 if x 3
1. A man travel on a path given by f(x) = { 2x if 3 < x < 3.
6x 2 if x ≥ 3

Depending on the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) Are there any breaks in the path?

(ii) If so where is the break in the path?

2. Let f be a real valued function which is a composite of two functions u and v; i.e. f = u ○ v.

t v v t
Suppose t = u(x) and if both and exist, we have . This is called chain rule in
x t x t x

the derivatives.

96
Based on the above information, find the derivatives of the following:

(i) s t n √x

(ii) 2√ ot x

(iii) os x sin x

3. The derivative of a function is again differentiable then the derivative of first derivative is

y
called second derivative. If y = f(x) is function then its first derivative is denoted by f|(x) or
x

2y
or y1 and its second derivative is denoted by f||(x) or or y2.
x2

Basing the above information answer the following:

(i) Find the second derivative of cos(logx)

(ii) Find the second derivative of tan-1x.

(iii) If y sin−1 x, then show that 1 x y xy1 0.

4. Let f(x) be a real valued function, then its

− −
LEFT HAND DERIVATIVE (LHD): Lf lim
−

−
RIGHT HAND DERIVATIVE (LHD): Rf lim
−

Also, a function f(x) is said to be differentiable at x = a if its LHD and RHD at x = a exist and

are equal.

x 3 x≥1
For the function f x 2x2 x 1 , answer the following questions.
x<1

(i) Find the RHD of f(x) at x = 1.

(ii) Show that f(x) is non-differentiable at x = 3.

(iii) Find the value of f 2 .

97
5. A pottery made a mud vessel, where the shape of the pot is based on f(x) = |x – 3| + |x – 2|

where f(x) represents the height of the pot.

(i) When x > 4, what will be the height in term of x?

(ii) Find the derivative of f(x) at x = 3.

(iii) What is the function when the x lies between (2, 3)?

(Or)
If the potter is trying to make a pot using the function f(x) = [x] will he get a pot or not? Why?

6. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

The relation between the height of the plant (y cm) with respect to its exposure to the sunlight is
1
governed by the following equation y 4x x , where x is the number of days exposed to the

sunlight.

(i) Find the rate of growth of the plant with respect to the number of days exposed to the

sunlight?

(ii) Does the rate of growth of the plant increase or decrease in the first three days?

(iii) What will be the height of the plant after 2 days?

7. Swathi was noticing the path traced by a crawling insect and she observed that the path traced

is given by x = at2, y = 2at.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

x
(i) Find
t

y
(ii) Find
x

2y
(iii) Find at t 4
x2

98
 UNIT TEST
Duration: 1 hour Marks: 30

SECTION A
Each carry 1 mark

3x 5 x≥2
1. The value of k for which f x is a continuous function, is
kx x<2
11 11
(a) (b) (c) 11 (d)
11

x y y
2. If t n ( ) k, then is equal to
x−y x

−y y y y
(a) (b) (c) sec2( ) (d) - sec2( )
x x x x

x
3. The derivative of x w.r.t. x is
x−1
(a) x (b) 2x x logx (c) 2x x (1 + logx) (d) 2x x (1 – logx)

x2 x
4. Assertion: f x is continuous for R.
x2 − x

Reason: A polynomial function is everywhere continuous.

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of

Assertion (A).

(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of

Assertion (A).

(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

SECTION B
Each carry 2 marks
y
5. If y os ot √x , then find .
x

1−c s x
6. Differentiate the function y = log √ with respect to x.
1 c sx

2y y
7. If y sin 2sin−1 x , prove that 1 x x 4y 0.
x2 x
99
SECTION C

Each carry 3 marks

y
8. If y xc sx
os x s x
, find
x

1 y x−1
9. If y log (√x ) , prove that .
√x x x x 1

SECTION D

Each carry 5 marks

10. Differentiate the function t n−1 x c tx

ot −1 x t x
with respect to x.
2y y
11. If x sin t y sin pt prove that 1 x x p y 0.
x2 x

SECTION E

12. Example1: x – y – 6 = 0

Example 2: x + sinxy – y = 0.

When a relationship between x and y is expressed in a way that it is easy to solve for y and write

y = f(x), we say that y is given as an explicit function of x. In the second case it is implicit that y

is function of x and we say that the relationship of the second type above gives function

implicitly. With the above information find the derivative of the following.

(i) y + siny = cosx

(ii) x2 + xy + y2 = 5.

x
(iii) y os −1 ( )
1 x2

100
 ANSWERS

MCQ A-R SA I SA II LA CS

1. (d) None of 1. (c) 1 −1 x) −1 1. (i) yes

1. 1. p = and q = 4 y c s c2 x y−(t
(1+ 2)
1. −1 x −1 x y −1 c t x
t t
these
2. (c) 2. f(x) is not (ii) At x = 3
2. k = -1
1 1 x 1 x2 −1
continuous at x = 2.(x ) *log (x ) x2 1
+
2. (b) 2 x x
3. (b) 2. (i)
3. a = 8 1
1 ) x2 −1 x2 1
3. k x (x * x2 log x + 1
3. (c) Exactly x2 s t n √x t n t n √x s √x
4. (b) √x
4. a = 3 and b = -8
y y− x3 − xy2
three points 4. 4. 1
x x2 y y3 −x x
5. (a) (ii) os x
5. k = 10 √c t x2
4. (b) 1 y s c2 x−y 2x 2y
5. 5. os t tsin t ,
6. (a) x x y−1 t2 t2
1 (iii) 3x sin x sin x
6.
5. (a)
c sx t os t sin t
y−1 y −1 10x sin x os x os x
7. (d) 6.
x √1−x2
7. f(x) is discontinuous at 2y s c3 t
6. (d) No value 8. (a) x2 t 1 1
y 1 x=3 3.(i) sin log x os log x
7. x2 x2
x √1−x2
x
7. (a) Continuous 7. sin 2x 2x ot 2x
9. (c) − 1 x
√
9. and , b can (ii)
1 x2 2
and differentiable 10. log sin 2x
√ x− x2
10. (a) be any real number.
at x = 0 4. (i) -1 (iii) -1

101
8. (b)
1 11. (d) 11. 10. a = 3 and b = 5 5. (i) 2x – 5
√ √ −1

12. (a) 12. f is not differentiable at (ii) Not differentiable at x = 3

9. (b) 5 13.
1
x = 1 and differentiable at
13. (d) (iii) 1 (Or) No, because greatest
10. s ( x) − +1
2
14. x = 2.
1 integer function is not differentiable
14. (a)
x x
11. (c) cot 15. 13. 3 and f is not
6. (i) 4 – x
15. (c)
12. (c) os √sin x os x differentiable at x = 0.
(ii) Rate of growth of the plant
16. (a) 1
6x sinx cosx 1 1 1
√s x c sx 14. decreases for the first three days.
√1−x2 √x−x2

17. (a) os x sin x

13. (d) -16x √x2 1
17. (iii) 6
x
18. (b) 16. 0
1
14. (d) 7. (i) 2at
√ 18. 1
19. (d) 17. 2 x2
1
1
15. (a) x*
(ii)
t
21. x os x
20. (c) y
x
2y y 18.
y x x −1
x2 x
xt n x log os x + (iii)
1
x−y− − −y
y 0 x−x − 1
√x−x2

102
 1 y −y √x2 1
16. (b) 19. 22.
x x x x

x2 −1 22. -1 23.
17. (c)
x2 −
y
24. √2 1 x
18. (b) yxx(1 +
1 x y c s − x2 y2 x y
logx) 25. 2 x3 y x y −1

y 2 −x 24. x 2 1 t n log x
1 26. 2 os x
19. (d)
y

1
s log x
29.
20. ( ) yy
(t2 −1)
25.
y 1 0 t

26.
21. (c) n =
c s c s − s − s
c s c s s s
x
22. (b)
1−x4
29. 1

23. (b)
t −1
30.
x

1
24. (a) ( )

103
25. (a) e x ( c sx x)
31.
s x xc t x s x

26. (c) 1
32.
27. (c) 0

1−x
28. (b)
x c sy

c sx
29. (b) -

30. (a) –

coty.cosec2y

31. (b)

t t − t t
t 3

32. (c) 3cos2x

33. (a) x(5 +

6logx)

104
34. (b) 4x + 9 log4

35. (c) x = 3

1
36. (a) a = ,

b=4

37. (d) No point

of discontinuity

38.

−s c2 −x
(a)
√t −x

39. (d)

c s √s √x c s√x
√x√s √x

40. (a) t

41. (b) - ylog x

xlog y

105
42. (b)

43. (a) 0

44. (c)

Continuous but

not differentiable

at x = 1

45. (a)

Continuous

everywhere but

not differentiable

at x = 0

46. (a)

Continuous at

x = 0 as well as x

106
=1

47. (b) a = 0

48. (a) -2

y
49. (d) -x
x

2y
50. (b)
x2

y
( )
x

UNIT TEST
11
1. (d)

y
2. (b)
x

3. (c) 2x x (1 + logx)

4. (d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

107
 c s c c t √x c t c t √x c s c2 √x
5.
√x

6. cosecx

7. Proof

s x (c s x
8. x c sin xlog x) os x s x
sin xt n x os xlog os x
x

9. Proof

y c tx t x
10. t n−1 x c tx *
−1 x 1 x2 os log t n−1 x + ot −1 x t x *s
xlog ot −1 x +
x t c t−1 x 1 x2

11. Proof

s x x y
12. (i) (ii) (iii)
1 c sy x y 1 x2

108